Pub Date : 1968-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/435
G V Davydov
In this note a camera is discussed for X-ray structural analysis of polycrystals, where the sharp focus of a tube, the sample and the reflection are placed upon the focusing circle.
{"title":"A back-reflection focusing camera KPF-150 for x-ray structural analysis of polycrystals.","authors":"G V Davydov","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/435","url":null,"abstract":"In this note a camera is discussed for X-ray structural analysis of polycrystals, where the sharp focus of a tube, the sample and the reflection are placed upon the focusing circle.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 8","pages":"876-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16738756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/324
L R Evans, C G Morgan
A simple, reliable device for continuously varying the intensity and plane of polarization of laser beams over a wide range is described. It consists of a series of transparent dielectric plates set at the Brewster angle and capable of rotation about the incident beam axis. This device has been used to control the beam intensities of a continuous wave helium-neon laser at a few microwatts and of a giant pulse Q-switched ruby laser at 200 MW.
{"title":"Laser beam power control device.","authors":"L R Evans, C G Morgan","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/324","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, reliable device for continuously varying the intensity and plane of polarization of laser beams over a wide range is described. It consists of a series of transparent dielectric plates set at the Brewster angle and capable of rotation about the incident beam axis. This device has been used to control the beam intensities of a continuous wave helium-neon laser at a few microwatts and of a giant pulse Q-switched ruby laser at 200 MW.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 8","pages":"856-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16739083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/444
K Rasmussen
A commerical colorimeter is modified for higher versatility and sensitivity. Applications to trace analyses for sulphur and lead are shown.
{"title":"Use of interference filters with the Unicam SP 1300 colorimeter.","authors":"K Rasmussen","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/444","url":null,"abstract":"A commerical colorimeter is modified for higher versatility and sensitivity. Applications to trace analyses for sulphur and lead are shown.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 8","pages":"886-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16738759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-08-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/429
S Abrahamsson, S Aleby, J Innes
With the development of fast film readers, photographic collection of x-ray data has become very attractive. Further improvement has been achieved by construction of a single crystal goniometer allowing collection of a large number of reflections on one film pack by using the oscillation technique. Overlap is greatly reduced with a special film cassette stepping device.
{"title":"An x-ray diffraction camera for fast recording of three-dimensional data.","authors":"S Abrahamsson, S Aleby, J Innes","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/429","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of fast film readers, photographic collection of x-ray data has become very attractive. Further improvement has been achieved by construction of a single crystal goniometer allowing collection of a large number of reflections on one film pack by using the oscillation technique. Overlap is greatly reduced with a special film cassette stepping device.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 8","pages":"869-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/8/429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16738754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/418
J Shamir, A Netzer
A distillation column suitable for the fractionation of commercial grade hydrogen fluoride is described. The bulk of the distillate, which is taken off in the liquid phase, exhibits a specific conductivity of 10−6 Ω−1 cm−1 at 25°C.
{"title":"A laboratory distillation column for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.","authors":"J Shamir, A Netzer","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/418","url":null,"abstract":"A distillation column suitable for the fractionation of commercial grade hydrogen fluoride is described. The bulk of the distillate, which is taken off in the liquid phase, exhibits a specific conductivity of 10−6 Ω−1 cm−1 at 25°C.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 7","pages":"770-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16778716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/313
C A Friskeny, C W Haworth
An experimental procedure for the analysis of nonconducting specimens by using metal standards is described. The specimens are coated with about 100 A of copper by vacuum evaporation to prevent electrostatic charging and to reduce heating effects. It is found that specimens should be preferably dry polished and analysed under fixed time conditions. Application to the analysis of some slags is described and it is found that the use of oxide substandards is not entirely satisfactory.
{"title":"Electron probe microanalysis of metal oxides.","authors":"C A Friskeny, C W Haworth","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/313","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental procedure for the analysis of nonconducting specimens by using metal standards is described. The specimens are coated with about 100 A of copper by vacuum evaporation to prevent electrostatic charging and to reduce heating effects. It is found that specimens should be preferably dry polished and analysed under fixed time conditions. Application to the analysis of some slags is described and it is found that the use of oxide substandards is not entirely satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 7","pages":"753-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16778714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/303
R E Burge, D F Garrard, M T Browne
The large-area responses of ten emulsions (five 'conventional', three nuclear research and two Schumann- type) have been examined for electron energies between 7 and 60 kev. The responses are considered in terms of the initial slope of the optical density D-exposure E curve, the value of E for D = 1, the saturation density D, and the number of grains rendered developable per incident electron. For high D/D, values, the forms of the experimental (0, E) relationships are found to depart from those expected if the mechanism of rendering developable a photographic grain were a simple single hit process, in a way that depends on the electron energy. The effect on the single hit relationship of the dependence of the exposure on the depth of electron penetration is considered, allowing a more complete inter- pretation of the shape of the (D, E) curves in terms of simple descriptions of electron-grain interactions. The high sensitivities of the nuclear and Schumann emulsions make feasible the direct recording at useful magnifications of electron images formed by low energy electrons.
{"title":"The response of photographic emulsions to electrons in the energy range 7-60 kev.","authors":"R E Burge, D F Garrard, M T Browne","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/303","url":null,"abstract":"The large-area responses of ten emulsions (five 'conventional', three nuclear research and two Schumann- type) have been examined for electron energies between 7 and 60 kev. The responses are considered in terms of the initial slope of the optical density D-exposure E curve, the value of E for D = 1, the saturation density D, and the number of grains rendered developable per incident electron. For high D/D, values, the forms of the experimental (0, E) relationships are found to depart from those expected if the mechanism of rendering developable a photographic grain were a simple single hit process, in a way that depends on the electron energy. The effect on the single hit relationship of the dependence of the exposure on the depth of electron penetration is considered, allowing a more complete inter- pretation of the shape of the (D, E) curves in terms of simple descriptions of electron-grain interactions. The high sensitivities of the nuclear and Schumann emulsions make feasible the direct recording at useful magnifications of electron images formed by low energy electrons.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 7","pages":"707-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16778710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/316
I Brcić, V Galogaza, M Petrinović
An automatic, self-locking magnetic field calibrator based on proton resonance is described. A simple binary counting circuit is used for monitoring the swept frequency of the nuclear magnetic resonance detector. The errors introduced with such a circuit are determined. The calibrator has been built for calibrating electron paramagnetic resonance spectra in the vicinity of 3300 G.
{"title":"A simple automatic magnetic field calibrator.","authors":"I Brcić, V Galogaza, M Petrinović","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/316","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic, self-locking magnetic field calibrator based on proton resonance is described. A simple binary counting circuit is used for monitoring the swept frequency of the nuclear magnetic resonance detector. The errors introduced with such a circuit are determined. The calibrator has been built for calibrating electron paramagnetic resonance spectra in the vicinity of 3300 G.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 7","pages":"765-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16778715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/309
M Paşcalău
A servoamplifier combined with a compensatory circuit is presented, permitting the measurement of ion current ratios in the range 1/106-1/200 in a two collector mass spectrometer with an accuracy to 002%. By means of this automatic method the measurement and continuous recording of the isotopic abundance variation in dynamic conditions can be carried out.
{"title":"Servoamplifier for the recording of ion current ratios in a two-collector mass spectrometer.","authors":"M Paşcalău","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/309","url":null,"abstract":"A servoamplifier combined with a compensatory circuit is presented, permitting the measurement of ion current ratios in the range 1/106-1/200 in a two collector mass spectrometer with an accuracy to 002%. By means of this automatic method the measurement and continuous recording of the isotopic abundance variation in dynamic conditions can be carried out.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":"1 7","pages":"738-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/7/309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16778712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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