Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72210
Tushadri Singh, J. Jaiswal, Ashish Sheera
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a critical cereal crop, providing sustenance for over 35% of the global population. Bread wheat possesses remarkable adaptability to diverse climates and soil types. However, heat stress, exacerbated by global climate change, poses a significant threat to wheat production. Developing heat-tolerant wheat varieties is essential to ensuring food security. This study identified to identify genetic variance in heat tolerance through the Line × Tester analysis, a breeding tool that evaluates the combining ability of parental lines. The experimental material comprised 16 crosses derived from four high-yielding lines and four heat-tolerant testers. These were cultivated in Pantnagar, India, under late-sown conditions to replicate heat stress. Agronomic traits such as plant height, tiller number, grains per spike, days to maturity, and grain yield were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), providing insights into additive and non-additive genetic variances. Results indicated significant genetic variability among genotypes, with substantial non-additive genetic components influencing most traits. Plant height, for instance, demonstrated significant GCA and SCA variances, with SCA effects being more pronounced. Similarly, traits like the number of tillers per plant and grains per spike were predominantly controlled by non-additive genetic factors. The study revealed that hybrid combinations significantly influenced growth and yield traits, underscoring the importance of both GCA and SCA in breeding programs. The significant Line × Tester interactions suggest that specific combinations of parental lines and testers are crucial for achieving superior phenotypes. This study supports the notion that both additive and non-additive genetic effects are vital for crop improvement under heat stress, providing a robust foundation for future breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat resilience to increasing temperatures.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Heat Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Line x Tester Mating Design","authors":"Tushadri Singh, J. Jaiswal, Ashish Sheera","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72210","url":null,"abstract":"Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a critical cereal crop, providing sustenance for over 35% of the global population. Bread wheat possesses remarkable adaptability to diverse climates and soil types. However, heat stress, exacerbated by global climate change, poses a significant threat to wheat production. Developing heat-tolerant wheat varieties is essential to ensuring food security. This study identified to identify genetic variance in heat tolerance through the Line × Tester analysis, a breeding tool that evaluates the combining ability of parental lines. The experimental material comprised 16 crosses derived from four high-yielding lines and four heat-tolerant testers. These were cultivated in Pantnagar, India, under late-sown conditions to replicate heat stress. Agronomic traits such as plant height, tiller number, grains per spike, days to maturity, and grain yield were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), providing insights into additive and non-additive genetic variances. Results indicated significant genetic variability among genotypes, with substantial non-additive genetic components influencing most traits. Plant height, for instance, demonstrated significant GCA and SCA variances, with SCA effects being more pronounced. Similarly, traits like the number of tillers per plant and grains per spike were predominantly controlled by non-additive genetic factors. The study revealed that hybrid combinations significantly influenced growth and yield traits, underscoring the importance of both GCA and SCA in breeding programs. The significant Line × Tester interactions suggest that specific combinations of parental lines and testers are crucial for achieving superior phenotypes. This study supports the notion that both additive and non-additive genetic effects are vital for crop improvement under heat stress, providing a robust foundation for future breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat resilience to increasing temperatures.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72211
Efath Shahnaz, V. Razdan, Z. A. Dar, A. A. Lone, M. Habib, Seerat un Nisa, Z. Rashid, S. Banday, V. Yousuf, Shahida Iqbal
The onion (Allium cepa L.) crop is affected by a number of diseases in the field as well as in storage which cause a significant reduction in yield leading to heavy losses each year depending on weather conditions. Leaf blight and leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is one such disease that affects onion plants in field causing purple coloured spots and blighting of leaves, particularly in seed production plots. During investigations of the pathogen, it was found that there was a considerable variation in the conidial characteristics of Stemphylium species compared to the available literature. Stemphylium vesicarium was invariably found associated with typically blighted onion leaves throughout the growing period (82.75 per cent in January to 77.40 per cent in February), though its relative occurrence declined slightly in March (49.15 per cent) and April (37.75 per cent). The average conidial dimensions of Stemphylium vesicarium recorded were 43.54 ± 0.44 µm X 25.57 ± 0.36 µm with l/w ratio ranging from 1.40-2.13. It can be concluded that there are significant variations in the conidial dimensions of S. vesicarium obtained from host and grown under in vitro conditions. Differences also exist in the conidial dimensions of isolates from different geographical regions which indicates that further studies are required at molecular level to decipher the reasons and implications.
{"title":"Variability of Stemphylium vesicarium on Onion (Allium cepa L.)","authors":"Efath Shahnaz, V. Razdan, Z. A. Dar, A. A. Lone, M. Habib, Seerat un Nisa, Z. Rashid, S. Banday, V. Yousuf, Shahida Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72211","url":null,"abstract":"The onion (Allium cepa L.) crop is affected by a number of diseases in the field as well as in storage which cause a significant reduction in yield leading to heavy losses each year depending on weather conditions. Leaf blight and leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is one such disease that affects onion plants in field causing purple coloured spots and blighting of leaves, particularly in seed production plots. During investigations of the pathogen, it was found that there was a considerable variation in the conidial characteristics of Stemphylium species compared to the available literature. Stemphylium vesicarium was invariably found associated with typically blighted onion leaves throughout the growing period (82.75 per cent in January to 77.40 per cent in February), though its relative occurrence declined slightly in March (49.15 per cent) and April (37.75 per cent). The average conidial dimensions of Stemphylium vesicarium recorded were 43.54 ± 0.44 µm X 25.57 ± 0.36 µm with l/w ratio ranging from 1.40-2.13. It can be concluded that there are significant variations in the conidial dimensions of S. vesicarium obtained from host and grown under in vitro conditions. Differences also exist in the conidial dimensions of isolates from different geographical regions which indicates that further studies are required at molecular level to decipher the reasons and implications.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"40 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72213
Aanisa Manzoor Shah, I. M. Khan, Rehana Rasool, Y. H. Mir, Raihana Habib Kant, S. Mir, T. A. Sheikh, F. Wani, Shaista Nazir, M. A. Bhat, J. A. Bhat, M. Chesti, M. A. Ganie, Rehana Shakeel
Heavy metal contamination poses an impulsive threat to human and aquatic life and ecosystem health. To ensure safe and sustainable water accessibility, biosorption with low-cost adsorbents is acknowledged as a promising approach for the remediation of noxious pollutants. The current study was oriented to appraise the performance of modified rice straw for copper adsorption in hand with the optimization of its operational parameters. RSM-based Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the operational variables encircling temperature, pH, and adsorbent dose. The results elucidated that the generated model exhibited an R-squared of 0.98, reflecting its validity in describing the experimental data well. The optimized conditions for attaining maximum copper adsorption were marked to be a temperature of 37.71 oC, a solution pH of 5.7, and an adsorbent dose of 11.26 g L-1. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption efficiency was marked to be 86.65 %. The experimental adsorption efficiency under these conditions was noted to be approximately 86.43 %, reflecting the suitability of the RSM-based Box-Behnken design. Conclusively, it can be inferred that acid modified rice straw offers a promising low cost adsorbent for remediation of heavy metals in accordance with the principles of green chemistry.
{"title":"Optimizing Copper Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions with Modified Rice Straw Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Aanisa Manzoor Shah, I. M. Khan, Rehana Rasool, Y. H. Mir, Raihana Habib Kant, S. Mir, T. A. Sheikh, F. Wani, Shaista Nazir, M. A. Bhat, J. A. Bhat, M. Chesti, M. A. Ganie, Rehana Shakeel","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72213","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination poses an impulsive threat to human and aquatic life and ecosystem health. To ensure safe and sustainable water accessibility, biosorption with low-cost adsorbents is acknowledged as a promising approach for the remediation of noxious pollutants. The current study was oriented to appraise the performance of modified rice straw for copper adsorption in hand with the optimization of its operational parameters. RSM-based Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the operational variables encircling temperature, pH, and adsorbent dose. The results elucidated that the generated model exhibited an R-squared of 0.98, reflecting its validity in describing the experimental data well. The optimized conditions for attaining maximum copper adsorption were marked to be a temperature of 37.71 oC, a solution pH of 5.7, and an adsorbent dose of 11.26 g L-1. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption efficiency was marked to be 86.65 %. The experimental adsorption efficiency under these conditions was noted to be approximately 86.43 %, reflecting the suitability of the RSM-based Box-Behnken design. Conclusively, it can be inferred that acid modified rice straw offers a promising low cost adsorbent for remediation of heavy metals in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. \u0000","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72202
Deepika Arya, Arun Kumar, T.P. Singh
Biogas technology, which utilizes the anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce methane and carbon dioxide, has gained traction as a sustainable solution for energy needs, waste management, and environmental protection. This review explores the feasibility, implementation, and benefits of biogas technology in hilly regions, where unique geographical and climatic conditions present both opportunities and challenges. The paper discusses types of feedstock, biogas plant designs, socio-economic impacts, and policy frameworks pertinent to hilly areas, supplemented by case studies from various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of biogas technology to contribute to sustainable development in hilly terrains. Biogas, in its raw form, that is without any purification can be used as clean cooking fuel like LPG, lighting, motive power and generation of electricity. It can be used in diesel engines to substitute diesel up to 80% and up to 100% replacement of diesel by using 100% Biogas Engines. Further, Biogas can be purified and upgraded up to 98% purity of methane content to make it suitable to be used as a green and clean fuel for transportation or filling in cylinders at high pressure of 250 bar or so and called as Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG).
{"title":"Green Energy Concept for Uttarakhand: A Review","authors":"Deepika Arya, Arun Kumar, T.P. Singh","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72202","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas technology, which utilizes the anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce methane and carbon dioxide, has gained traction as a sustainable solution for energy needs, waste management, and environmental protection. This review explores the feasibility, implementation, and benefits of biogas technology in hilly regions, where unique geographical and climatic conditions present both opportunities and challenges. The paper discusses types of feedstock, biogas plant designs, socio-economic impacts, and policy frameworks pertinent to hilly areas, supplemented by case studies from various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of biogas technology to contribute to sustainable development in hilly terrains. Biogas, in its raw form, that is without any purification can be used as clean cooking fuel like LPG, lighting, motive power and generation of electricity. It can be used in diesel engines to substitute diesel up to 80% and up to 100% replacement of diesel by using 100% Biogas Engines. Further, Biogas can be purified and upgraded up to 98% purity of methane content to make it suitable to be used as a green and clean fuel for transportation or filling in cylinders at high pressure of 250 bar or so and called as Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG).","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72203
Himani Sharma, Maansi, A. K. Upadhyay, N.K. Singh, Aastha Nagpal, Kritika Dhial, Renu Kumari
In the era where developing antibiotic resistance is an emerging issue, probiotics are amongst the most promising therapeutic as well as prophylactic measures. One of the most commonly used probiotics in cheese, yoghurt, silage and preserved food such as pickles is lactobacilli. However, some studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are resistant to antibiotics which pose a threat to human health. Hence, to evaluate the safety of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disc diffusion method against a total of 26 antibiotics. The isolates were found to exhibit multiple resistance against some of the most commonly used antibiotics. The isolates showed a high level of resistance toward ampicillin, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, kanamycin and nitrofurantoin. The isolates showed low levels of resistance toward cephalothin, amikacin, erythromycin and azithromycin. They were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, cloxacilln, ofloxacillin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin, gemifloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and oxytetracycline. The present study showed that antibiotic resistance is prevalent in different species of probiotic strains, which may pose a food safety concern. Hence, antibiotic sensitivity should be considered an important part of safety assessment for the evaluation of probiotics. Therefore, the current study concluded that antibiotic resistance is prevalent among L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, which is major concern of food safety. Furthermore, studies to evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in commercially available probiotics should be conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be considered as an essential measure for the assessment of the safety of probiotics.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Safety Assessment of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Milk","authors":"Himani Sharma, Maansi, A. K. Upadhyay, N.K. Singh, Aastha Nagpal, Kritika Dhial, Renu Kumari","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72203","url":null,"abstract":"In the era where developing antibiotic resistance is an emerging issue, probiotics are amongst the most promising therapeutic as well as prophylactic measures. One of the most commonly used probiotics in cheese, yoghurt, silage and preserved food such as pickles is lactobacilli. However, some studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are resistant to antibiotics which pose a threat to human health. Hence, to evaluate the safety of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disc diffusion method against a total of 26 antibiotics. The isolates were found to exhibit multiple resistance against some of the most commonly used antibiotics. The isolates showed a high level of resistance toward ampicillin, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, kanamycin and nitrofurantoin. The isolates showed low levels of resistance toward cephalothin, amikacin, erythromycin and azithromycin. They were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, cloxacilln, ofloxacillin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin, gemifloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and oxytetracycline. The present study showed that antibiotic resistance is prevalent in different species of probiotic strains, which may pose a food safety concern. Hence, antibiotic sensitivity should be considered an important part of safety assessment for the evaluation of probiotics. Therefore, the current study concluded that antibiotic resistance is prevalent among L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, which is major concern of food safety. Furthermore, studies to evaluate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in commercially available probiotics should be conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be considered as an essential measure for the assessment of the safety of probiotics.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72207
Sikha Barman, Bhaswati Sarmah, M. Barua, P. Barua, A. Phukan
During Rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21, a set of five yellow sarson, five toria and ten Indian mustard genotypes were used to analyse and estimate the genetic variability for seed quality and yield attributing traits. A wide range of variations among genotypes for seed quality and yield-related characters were observed. In the majority of the characters, environment and genotype-environment interaction variation was found significant. The highest GCV, PCV, and heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for the seed yield per hectare and germination index. Among the yellow sarson genotypes B9 (highest yielder), BNYS-1 and BNYS-2; among the toria lines TS-46 (highest yielder), Jeuti, TS-38 and TS-67 and among the Indian mustard genotypes JMM-TM2-36 (highest yielder), NRCHB-101, TM-2 and JMM-TM2-34 were found superior for the seed quality and yield attributing parameters. Genetic diversity based on seed quality traits showed five distinct clusters among the 20 rapeseed and Indian mustard genotypes.
{"title":"Assessment of Genetic Variation for Seed Yield and Quality Attributing Characters in Indian Rapeseed and Mustard","authors":"Sikha Barman, Bhaswati Sarmah, M. Barua, P. Barua, A. Phukan","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72207","url":null,"abstract":"During Rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21, a set of five yellow sarson, five toria and ten Indian mustard genotypes were used to analyse and estimate the genetic variability for seed quality and yield attributing traits. A wide range of variations among genotypes for seed quality and yield-related characters were observed. In the majority of the characters, environment and genotype-environment interaction variation was found significant. The highest GCV, PCV, and heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for the seed yield per hectare and germination index. Among the yellow sarson genotypes B9 (highest yielder), BNYS-1 and BNYS-2; among the toria lines TS-46 (highest yielder), Jeuti, TS-38 and TS-67 and among the Indian mustard genotypes JMM-TM2-36 (highest yielder), NRCHB-101, TM-2 and JMM-TM2-34 were found superior for the seed quality and yield attributing parameters. Genetic diversity based on seed quality traits showed five distinct clusters among the 20 rapeseed and Indian mustard genotypes.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"107 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209
Prachi Sharma, Mridula Sharma
Presently, sorting bovine sperm based on their sex has significant potential, as using sexed semen can minimize the production of excess male calves, easing the challenges of bull management. Bull semen contains approximately 50% X chromosome-bearing sperm and 50% Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The differences between these sperm types include size, weight, density, swimming speed, electrical surface charges, and protein composition. Sexed semen, which is enriched with either X or Y sperm, enables the production of offspring of a desired sex with 80–90% accuracy. This technology, developed by the USDA and patented as “Beltsville sperm sexing technology,” has been categorized under various subheadings in this review, focusing on immunological sperm sorting, proteomic profiling, biotechnological applications, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunological sperm sorting leverages the distinct proteins on the surface of X- and Y-bearing sperm. Identifying these proteins can enable the development of antibodies specific to X or Y sperm. Proteomic profiling has revealed numerous proteins differentially expressed in X and Y sperm, which could serve as markers for immunological sorting. Despite various studies, consistent success in immunological sperm sexing has been elusive. However, recent advancements in proteomic technology and bioinformatics offer promising avenues for the identification and separation of sex-specific proteins. This review delves into the history, current methods, and future directions of immunological sperm sorting, highlighting the importance of accurate protein identification and the potential of bioinformatics to enhance sperm sexing technologies.
目前，根据性别对牛精子进行分类具有很大的潜力，因为使用性别精液可以最大限度地减少过量雄性犊牛的生产，从而减轻公牛管理方面的挑战。公牛精液中约有 50% 含有 X 染色体的精子和 50% 含有 Y 染色体的精子。这些精子类型之间的差异包括大小、重量、密度、游动速度、表面电荷和蛋白质成分。有性精液富含 X 或 Y 精子，能以 80-90% 的准确率生产出所需性别的后代。这项技术由美国农业部开发，专利名称为 "贝尔茨维尔精子性别化技术"，在本综述中被归入不同的小标题下，重点介绍免疫学精子分拣、蛋白质组分析、生物技术应用和生物信息学分析。免疫学精子分拣利用了 X 型和 Y 型精子表面的不同蛋白质。识别这些蛋白质可以开发出针对 X 或 Y 精子的特异性抗体。蛋白质组分析发现了许多在X和Y精子中表达不同的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可作为免疫分选的标记物。尽管进行了各种研究，但免疫学精子性别鉴定一直未能取得成功。不过，蛋白质组学技术和生物信息学的最新进展为鉴定和分离性别特异性蛋白质提供了很好的途径。这篇综述深入探讨了免疫学精子分拣的历史、当前方法和未来方向，强调了准确鉴定蛋白质的重要性以及生物信息学在提高精子性别鉴定技术方面的潜力。
{"title":"Immunological Approaches for Sexing Bovine Sperm: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"Prachi Sharma, Mridula Sharma","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72209","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, sorting bovine sperm based on their sex has significant potential, as using sexed semen can minimize the production of excess male calves, easing the challenges of bull management. Bull semen contains approximately 50% X chromosome-bearing sperm and 50% Y chromosome-bearing sperm. The differences between these sperm types include size, weight, density, swimming speed, electrical surface charges, and protein composition. Sexed semen, which is enriched with either X or Y sperm, enables the production of offspring of a desired sex with 80–90% accuracy. This technology, developed by the USDA and patented as “Beltsville sperm sexing technology,” has been categorized under various subheadings in this review, focusing on immunological sperm sorting, proteomic profiling, biotechnological applications, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunological sperm sorting leverages the distinct proteins on the surface of X- and Y-bearing sperm. Identifying these proteins can enable the development of antibodies specific to X or Y sperm. Proteomic profiling has revealed numerous proteins differentially expressed in X and Y sperm, which could serve as markers for immunological sorting. Despite various studies, consistent success in immunological sperm sexing has been elusive. However, recent advancements in proteomic technology and bioinformatics offer promising avenues for the identification and separation of sex-specific proteins. This review delves into the history, current methods, and future directions of immunological sperm sorting, highlighting the importance of accurate protein identification and the potential of bioinformatics to enhance sperm sexing technologies.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72206
Prahlad P Bhat, R. R, A. K, Abhishek Jadhav, M. K N, R. C M, Shashank L Reddy
The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing the effectiveness of agricultural extension programs in India, providing a comprehensive examination of its integration and impacts. Agricultural extension services are crucial for imparting vital agricultural knowledge and practices among farmers to improve productivity and sustainability. The adoption of ICT tools such as e-learning platforms, mobile applications, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and real-time monitoring technologies has revolutionized these services, offering unprecedented access to information and advisory services directly to farmers. The review highlights significant advances, including the deployment of mobile communication tools and social media platforms that enhance interaction between farmers and agricultural experts. However, the implementation of ICT in agricultural extensions is not without challenges. Infrastructural limitations, economic constraints, cultural and social barriers, and policy and regulatory issues pose significant hurdles. Future perspectives suggest that emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain could further influence agricultural practices positively. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for robust digital infrastructure, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and increased focus on research and development to mitigate gaps and foster a conducive environment for the adoption of ICT. By addressing these challenges and opportunities, India can better leverage ICT to bolster its agricultural sector, thus ensuring higher productivity, improved sustainability, and greater food security. This paper underscores the transformative potential of ICT in agriculture, advocating for strategic initiatives to maximize its benefits across the Indian agricultural landscape.
{"title":"The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Programs Worldwide: A Review","authors":"Prahlad P Bhat, R. R, A. K, Abhishek Jadhav, M. K N, R. C M, Shashank L Reddy","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72206","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing the effectiveness of agricultural extension programs in India, providing a comprehensive examination of its integration and impacts. Agricultural extension services are crucial for imparting vital agricultural knowledge and practices among farmers to improve productivity and sustainability. The adoption of ICT tools such as e-learning platforms, mobile applications, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and real-time monitoring technologies has revolutionized these services, offering unprecedented access to information and advisory services directly to farmers. The review highlights significant advances, including the deployment of mobile communication tools and social media platforms that enhance interaction between farmers and agricultural experts. However, the implementation of ICT in agricultural extensions is not without challenges. Infrastructural limitations, economic constraints, cultural and social barriers, and policy and regulatory issues pose significant hurdles. Future perspectives suggest that emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain could further influence agricultural practices positively. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for robust digital infrastructure, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and increased focus on research and development to mitigate gaps and foster a conducive environment for the adoption of ICT. By addressing these challenges and opportunities, India can better leverage ICT to bolster its agricultural sector, thus ensuring higher productivity, improved sustainability, and greater food security. This paper underscores the transformative potential of ICT in agriculture, advocating for strategic initiatives to maximize its benefits across the Indian agricultural landscape.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72205
Sivendra Joshi, J. Jaiswal, Anil Kumar
Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell, known as bread wheat, is a vital staple crop globally, contributing significantly to caloric and protein intake. Its hexaploid nature, comprising three genomes (AA, BB, DD), resulted from natural hybridization, enhancing its agricultural significance. The advent of high-yielding cultivars during the Green Revolution drastically increased wheat yields, and its adaptability and self-pollinating characteristics further solidified its importance in food production. Genetic diversity within Triticum aestivum is crucial for improving traits such as stress tolerance and yield. This study highlights the necessity of estimating genetic variability among wheat genotypes, utilizing 24 genotypes. The study assesses the genetic parameters and diversity of various morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat genotypes, focusing on their variability and potential for genetic improvement. Key genetic parameters including the coefficient of variation (CV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and genetic advance as a percentage of mean (GAM) were estimated for traits such as days to heading, plant height, peduncle length, and grain yield. Days to heading exhibited low variability, while plant height showed considerable genetic variation, indicating a good potential for improvement. The wheat genotypes were grouped into five distinct clusters based on Mahalanobis divergence and Tocher's method, revealing significant genetic diversity. Cluster I, comprising eighteen genotypes, displayed the highest intra-cluster distance, while Clusters III and V showed the greatest inter-cluster distance. Trait analysis across clusters highlighted variations in days to heading, plant height, grain yield, and other traits, emphasizing the genetic diversity and potential for selective breeding in wheat.
Triticum aestivum L. em.面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.em）是全球重要的主食作物，对热量和蛋白质的摄入有重要贡献。它的六倍体性质由三个基因组（AA、BB、DD）组成，是自然杂交的结果，提高了其农业意义。绿色革命期间出现的高产栽培品种大幅提高了小麦产量，其适应性和自花授粉特性进一步巩固了其在粮食生产中的重要性。小麦的遗传多样性对于提高抗逆性和产量等性状至关重要。本研究利用 24 个基因型，强调了估计小麦基因型遗传变异的必要性。研究评估了面包小麦基因型的遗传参数和各种形态生理性状的多样性，重点关注其变异性和遗传改良潜力。研究估算了打顶日数、株高、花序梗长度和谷物产量等性状的主要遗传参数，包括变异系数（CV）、基因型变异系数（GCV）、表型变异系数（PCV）和遗传进展占平均值的百分比（GAM）。打顶天数的变异性较低，而株高的遗传变异较大，这表明小麦具有良好的改良潜力。根据 Mahalanobis 分歧和 Tocher 方法，小麦基因型被分为五个不同的群组，显示出显著的遗传多样性。由 18 个基因型组成的簇 I 显示出最大的簇内距离，而簇 III 和簇 V 则显示出最大的簇间距离。对不同聚类的性状分析突出显示了小麦在打顶天数、株高、谷物产量和其他性状方面的差异，强调了小麦的遗传多样性和选择性育种的潜力。
{"title":"Estimation of Genetic Diversity among Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) Genotypes","authors":"Sivendra Joshi, J. Jaiswal, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72205","url":null,"abstract":"Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell, known as bread wheat, is a vital staple crop globally, contributing significantly to caloric and protein intake. Its hexaploid nature, comprising three genomes (AA, BB, DD), resulted from natural hybridization, enhancing its agricultural significance. The advent of high-yielding cultivars during the Green Revolution drastically increased wheat yields, and its adaptability and self-pollinating characteristics further solidified its importance in food production. Genetic diversity within Triticum aestivum is crucial for improving traits such as stress tolerance and yield. This study highlights the necessity of estimating genetic variability among wheat genotypes, utilizing 24 genotypes. The study assesses the genetic parameters and diversity of various morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat genotypes, focusing on their variability and potential for genetic improvement. Key genetic parameters including the coefficient of variation (CV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and genetic advance as a percentage of mean (GAM) were estimated for traits such as days to heading, plant height, peduncle length, and grain yield. Days to heading exhibited low variability, while plant height showed considerable genetic variation, indicating a good potential for improvement. The wheat genotypes were grouped into five distinct clusters based on Mahalanobis divergence and Tocher's method, revealing significant genetic diversity. Cluster I, comprising eighteen genotypes, displayed the highest intra-cluster distance, while Clusters III and V showed the greatest inter-cluster distance. Trait analysis across clusters highlighted variations in days to heading, plant height, grain yield, and other traits, emphasizing the genetic diversity and potential for selective breeding in wheat.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"106 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72204
Sawan Kumar, J. L. Singh, Rashmi Goswami, Rukkiya Siddiqui, Damini Arya
Background: Canine cardiac ailments are disease associated with cardiovascular system of dogs. Congenital and acquired heart diseases are the two main categories of cardiac ailments. Congenital cardiovascular lesions includes patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, persistent right aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect, persistent left cranial vena cava and mitral insufficiency which accounts for only 5% of all canine heart diseases and are generally diagnosed in puppies On the other hand, acquired diseases of the heart are those which a dog picks naturally during its lifetime usually as a result of infection, injury, or normal wear and tear and includes cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension disease, heartworm disease, congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis. Methods: A prevalence study of canine cardiac ailments was carried out by conducting the retrospective study and routine heart health screening at different veterinary polyclinics, of Dehradun, Haldwani and Rudrapur of Uttarakhand & nearby Veterinary Institutions (NDVSU, Jabalpur and DUVASU, Mathura). Results: A total of 51655 cases were taken in the present study and it was found that 5.91% of canine population had clinical evidence of cardiac problems out of which 0.11% were found positive for endocarditis. Out of the screened areas maximum prevalence of endocarditis was found in Mathura (0.137%) and least in Jabalpur (0.070%). Out of positive endocarditis cases, the males were more affected as compared to the females. The highest prevalence of endocarditis was found in the 7-9 year age group (33.33%) and least in 2-4 year age group (15.78%). Endocarditis was found to be most prevalent in Labrador and least in Dalmantian. Conclusion: On the basis of results of the present study, endocarditis showed variations in prevalence based on geographical location, gender, age, and breed, with middle-aged to older male Labradors being at higher risk.
{"title":"A Study on the Prevalence of Canine Endocarditis","authors":"Sawan Kumar, J. L. Singh, Rashmi Goswami, Rukkiya Siddiqui, Damini Arya","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Canine cardiac ailments are disease associated with cardiovascular system of dogs. Congenital and acquired heart diseases are the two main categories of cardiac ailments. Congenital cardiovascular lesions includes patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, persistent right aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect, persistent left cranial vena cava and mitral insufficiency which accounts for only 5% of all canine heart diseases and are generally diagnosed in puppies On the other hand, acquired diseases of the heart are those which a dog picks naturally during its lifetime usually as a result of infection, injury, or normal wear and tear and includes cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension disease, heartworm disease, congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis. \u0000Methods: A prevalence study of canine cardiac ailments was carried out by conducting the retrospective study and routine heart health screening at different veterinary polyclinics, of Dehradun, Haldwani and Rudrapur of Uttarakhand & nearby Veterinary Institutions (NDVSU, Jabalpur and DUVASU, Mathura). \u0000Results: A total of 51655 cases were taken in the present study and it was found that 5.91% of canine population had clinical evidence of cardiac problems out of which 0.11% were found positive for endocarditis. Out of the screened areas maximum prevalence of endocarditis was found in Mathura (0.137%) and least in Jabalpur (0.070%). Out of positive endocarditis cases, the males were more affected as compared to the females. The highest prevalence of endocarditis was found in the 7-9 year age group (33.33%) and least in 2-4 year age group (15.78%). Endocarditis was found to be most prevalent in Labrador and least in Dalmantian. \u0000Conclusion: On the basis of results of the present study, endocarditis showed variations in prevalence based on geographical location, gender, age, and breed, with middle-aged to older male Labradors being at higher risk.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"79 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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