Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72189
Sahil B Chaudhary, Deshraj Gujjar, Bijendra Kumar, Smit Patel, Simran
Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to global crop production, particularly in regions relying heavily on irrigation. This review explores the detrimental impacts of salt stress on grain legumes, crucial plants renowned for their high protein content and nitrogen-fixing ability. The increasing use of saline groundwater and the accumulation of soil salts threaten the sustainability of legume cultivation worldwide. Salt stress disrupts fundamental physiological processes in legumes, including photosynthesis, hormone regulation, and nutrient uptake, resulting in substantial reductions in yield and quality. It exacerbates osmotic stress and ion toxicity, severely compromising plant health and productivity. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in grain legumes is pivotal for developing effective mitigation strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the tolerance mechanisms employed by legumes to cope with salt stress. It examines various management approaches aimed at enhancing their resilience under saline conditions. Key findings highlight that salt stress can lead to over 70% reductions in growth and variable decreases in yield and mineral absorption rates. Innovative strategies such as genetic engineering of transgenic varieties and advanced crop management practices offer promising avenues to enhance salt tolerance and boost legume productivity on salinity-affected soils. Furthermore, insights into mechanisms such as ion compartmentalization and ion excretion provide critical pathways for developing salt-resistant legume cultivars. Apoplastic acidification emerges as a reliable indicator of salt stress resistance in these plants. By elucidating these mechanisms and strategies, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts aimed at safeguarding legume production and global food security in the face of escalating salinity stress.
{"title":"Salinity Stress in Legume Crops: A Comprehensive Review of Effects, Mechanisms, and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Sahil B Chaudhary, Deshraj Gujjar, Bijendra Kumar, Smit Patel, Simran","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72189","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to global crop production, particularly in regions relying heavily on irrigation. This review explores the detrimental impacts of salt stress on grain legumes, crucial plants renowned for their high protein content and nitrogen-fixing ability. The increasing use of saline groundwater and the accumulation of soil salts threaten the sustainability of legume cultivation worldwide. Salt stress disrupts fundamental physiological processes in legumes, including photosynthesis, hormone regulation, and nutrient uptake, resulting in substantial reductions in yield and quality. It exacerbates osmotic stress and ion toxicity, severely compromising plant health and productivity. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in grain legumes is pivotal for developing effective mitigation strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the tolerance mechanisms employed by legumes to cope with salt stress. It examines various management approaches aimed at enhancing their resilience under saline conditions. Key findings highlight that salt stress can lead to over 70% reductions in growth and variable decreases in yield and mineral absorption rates. Innovative strategies such as genetic engineering of transgenic varieties and advanced crop management practices offer promising avenues to enhance salt tolerance and boost legume productivity on salinity-affected soils. Furthermore, insights into mechanisms such as ion compartmentalization and ion excretion provide critical pathways for developing salt-resistant legume cultivars. Apoplastic acidification emerges as a reliable indicator of salt stress resistance in these plants. By elucidating these mechanisms and strategies, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts aimed at safeguarding legume production and global food security in the face of escalating salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari to study the “Effect of seed priming and fertilizer levels on rabi maize under south Gujarat condition”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with ten treatment combinations consisting of two factors which consists seed priming, Control (No priming), Seed priming with water for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KCl for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KMnO4 for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs and fertilizer levels, 75% RDF (112.5+45+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) and 100 RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatments are replicated three times. The result indicated Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.75 q/ha), straw yield (85.43 q/ha), harvest index (35.23%), protein yield (567.20 kg/ha), net return (₹ 74618/ha) and B:C ratio (2.24) as compared to other treatments. In case of fertilizer levels recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.91 q/ha), straw yield (86.94 q/ha), harvest index (34.99%), protein content (12.41 %), protein yield (584.23 kg/ha), net return (₹74742/ha) and B:C ratio (2.33) in treatment of 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatment combination S5F2 (KH2PO4 at 0.5 % for 12 hrs. with 100% RDF i.e., 150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yield (52.80q/ha), straw yield (91.14 q/ha), harvest index (36.68%), Protein yield (686.56 kg/ha) net return (₹86657/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) as compared to other treatments. Thus a combination of Seed priming 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs with 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) helps in increasing grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, protein yield, net return and B:C ratio of rabi maize without negative influence on plant and the environment.
{"title":"Impact of Seed Priming and Fertilizer Levels on Quality, Yield and Economics of Rabi Maize","authors":"Khemendra Choudhary, Ramesh M. Pankhaniya, Mahendra Choudhary, Raghuveer Choudhary, Akshay Pareek, Ganesha Ram, Satyanarayan Gurjar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72190","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari to study the “Effect of seed priming and fertilizer levels on rabi maize under south Gujarat condition”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with ten treatment combinations consisting of two factors which consists seed priming, Control (No priming), Seed priming with water for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KCl for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KMnO4 for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs and fertilizer levels, 75% RDF (112.5+45+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) and 100 RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatments are replicated three times. The result indicated Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.75 q/ha), straw yield (85.43 q/ha), harvest index (35.23%), protein yield (567.20 kg/ha), net return (₹ 74618/ha) and B:C ratio (2.24) as compared to other treatments. In case of fertilizer levels recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.91 q/ha), straw yield (86.94 q/ha), harvest index (34.99%), protein content (12.41 %), protein yield (584.23 kg/ha), net return (₹74742/ha) and B:C ratio (2.33) in treatment of 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatment combination S5F2 (KH2PO4 at 0.5 % for 12 hrs. with 100% RDF i.e., 150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yield (52.80q/ha), straw yield (91.14 q/ha), harvest index (36.68%), Protein yield (686.56 kg/ha) net return (₹86657/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) as compared to other treatments. Thus a combination of Seed priming 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs with 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) helps in increasing grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, protein yield, net return and B:C ratio of rabi maize without negative influence on plant and the environment.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72191
Dhrumil Prajapati, Shaktiranjan Panigrahy
The present study was an attempt to develop the probable market segments for the organic fertiliser based on its sale by different companies to their respective farming communities. For that sake, Kutch district of Gujarat was purposively selected looking into the growing importance of the area in the organic fertiliser market and 200 respondents were selected from five different talukas due to the large number of target respondents in that region. Correspondence analysis was used for creating perceptual map and developing probable market segments whereas descriptive statistic was used to understand other critical areas of the study. It was found that organic fertiliser is always preferred in bulk, with other inputs as the complementary products. As it was high in price, farmers expected some discounts on the product purchase. Companies may come with package of solutions in product distribution by giving discounts, intime supports, easy availability, adequate storage and transportation facility, technical knowhow and many more for luring customers towards their market segments. The market is lucrative for companies that sell organic fertiliser to farmers engaged in dairy farming and agriculture. However, other areas of market segments like agriculture, business and potential combinations thereof.
{"title":"Segmented Organic Fertilizer Market in Kutch District, Gujarat, India","authors":"Dhrumil Prajapati, Shaktiranjan Panigrahy","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72191","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was an attempt to develop the probable market segments for the organic fertiliser based on its sale by different companies to their respective farming communities. For that sake, Kutch district of Gujarat was purposively selected looking into the growing importance of the area in the organic fertiliser market and 200 respondents were selected from five different talukas due to the large number of target respondents in that region. Correspondence analysis was used for creating perceptual map and developing probable market segments whereas descriptive statistic was used to understand other critical areas of the study. It was found that organic fertiliser is always preferred in bulk, with other inputs as the complementary products. As it was high in price, farmers expected some discounts on the product purchase. Companies may come with package of solutions in product distribution by giving discounts, intime supports, easy availability, adequate storage and transportation facility, technical knowhow and many more for luring customers towards their market segments. The market is lucrative for companies that sell organic fertiliser to farmers engaged in dairy farming and agriculture. However, other areas of market segments like agriculture, business and potential combinations thereof.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a multipurpose vegetable renowned for its distinct bitter taste, nutritional richness and potential health benefits. Fourteen different bitter gourd genotypes were evaluated at Department of Horticulture, University of agricultural sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. To know the variations with respect to germination percentage, days taken for germination and survival percentage. The seeds of these genotypes were pre-soaked for 12 hrs and sown in the protrays. The maximum germination percentage was seen in the genotype Pusa Purvi (91.67) followed by Konkan Karali (88.33%) and Konkan Tara (88.00%). The minimum days taken for germination were recorded in Hirkani (8.00 days), Punjab 14 (8.50 days), Pusa Rasdar (9.00 days) and Konkan Tara (9.00 days) making them favourable for faster germination. The maximum survival percentage was recorded in Hirkani (97.30) followed by Pusa Purvi (97.81) and Phule Green Gold (97.31) while CO 1 exhibited lowest germination (40.33%) and survival (82.12%) percentage. These findings underscore the importance of genotype selection in optimizing germination and survival rates, which are critical for achieving high crop yields and robust plant growth.
{"title":"Varietal Differences in Seed Germination and Seedling Survival of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Genotypes","authors":"Tejaswini R, Kavita Kandpal, Pooja Rajendra Dhange, Chandan Manjunath Gunaga, Chikkalingaiah","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72188","url":null,"abstract":"Bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a multipurpose vegetable renowned for its distinct bitter taste, nutritional richness and potential health benefits. Fourteen different bitter gourd genotypes were evaluated at Department of Horticulture, University of agricultural sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. To know the variations with respect to germination percentage, days taken for germination and survival percentage. The seeds of these genotypes were pre-soaked for 12 hrs and sown in the protrays. The maximum germination percentage was seen in the genotype Pusa Purvi (91.67) followed by Konkan Karali (88.33%) and Konkan Tara (88.00%). The minimum days taken for germination were recorded in Hirkani (8.00 days), Punjab 14 (8.50 days), Pusa Rasdar (9.00 days) and Konkan Tara (9.00 days) making them favourable for faster germination. The maximum survival percentage was recorded in Hirkani (97.30) followed by Pusa Purvi (97.81) and Phule Green Gold (97.31) while CO 1 exhibited lowest germination (40.33%) and survival (82.12%) percentage. These findings underscore the importance of genotype selection in optimizing germination and survival rates, which are critical for achieving high crop yields and robust plant growth.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72185
Ikenna Obasi Odii, Edson Chipalo, Vituli Musukuma, M. Mumba
Aims: In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and sexual behaviors, and to examine whether alcohol consumption and tobacco use are predictors of sexual behaviors among men in Cote d’Ivoire. Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample from the 2021 Code d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey (N=5,309) datasets, conducted among men aged 15 to 59 years old. Place and Duration: The comprehensive survey spanned from September 8, 2021, to December 30, 2021, covering urban and rural areas in all 14 administrative districts in Cote d’Ivoire. Methodology: Utilizing the IBM SPSS version 29, the prevalence estimates were derived as frequencies and proportions, while a multivariate logistic regression model analyzed the association between independent (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) and dependent variables (sexual behaviors). Results: Among the participants, 5% reported alcohol use, while 9.4% were tobacco smokers, but 79.5% were sexually active with 27.6% reporting multiple sexual partnerships outside their spouse, yet only 16.1% used condoms during their last sexual encounter. Additionally, only 20.1% had undergone HIV testing, while 57.2% were aware of other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows significantly higher likelihood of alcohol consumption among sexually active participants (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.83 - 8.11, P<.001), with multiple sexual partnerships excluding their spouse (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI re= 1.35 – 2.38, P<.001), had tested for HIV (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.85, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.60 - 3.06, P<.001) respectively. Similarly, sexually active participants (AOR = 5.94, 95% CI = 3.32-10.61, P<.001), who had multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.88-1.40, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR =1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.62, P=0.012) also had greater odds of tobacco smoking. Conversely, participants who were aware of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) were significantly less likely to smoke tobacco (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.96, P = 0.029). Conclusion: Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking appear to be strong predictors of male sexual behaviors in relation to recent sexual activity, multiple sexual partnerships, and awareness of STIs in Cote d’Ivoire. Interventions to reduce negative sexual reproductive health outcomes among men should also involve stricter innovative alcohol and tobacco control measures in Cote d’Ivoire. Future studies among men in Cote d’Ivoire should consider adopting interventions to encourage safe sex, and sexual reproductive health education.
研究目的：本研究旨在评估饮酒、吸烟和性行为之间的关系，并探讨饮酒和吸烟是否是科特迪瓦男性性行为的预测因素。研究设计：本研究是一项横断面研究，从 2021 年科特迪瓦人口与健康调查（N=5,309）数据集中抽取具有全国代表性的样本，研究对象为 15 至 59 岁的男性。地点和时间：全面调查从 2021 年 9 月 8 日开始，至 2021 年 12 月 30 日结束，覆盖科特迪瓦所有 14 个行政区的城市和农村地区。调查方法：利用 IBM SPSS 29 版，以频率和比例的形式得出流行率估计值，同时利用多变量逻辑回归模型分析自变量（饮酒和吸烟）与因变量（性行为）之间的关联。结果显示在参与者中，5%的人酗酒，9.4%的人吸烟，但79.5%的人性生活活跃，27.6%的人有多次配偶以外的性伴侣关系，但只有16.1%的人在最后一次性行为中使用了安全套。此外，只有 20.1%的人接受过 HIV 检测，而 57.2%的人知道有其他性传播感染（STI）。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，性生活活跃的参与者饮酒的可能性明显较高（AOR = 3.85，95% CI = 1.83 - 8.11，P<.001），除配偶外有多个性伴侣（AOR = 1.79，95% CI re= 1.35 - 2.38，P<.001）、进行过 HIV 检测（AOR = 1.40，95% CI = 1.06-1.85，P<.001）以及了解其他性传播疾病（AOR = 2.2，95% CI = 1.60 - 3.06，P<.001）。同样，性生活活跃（AOR = 5.94，95% CI = 3.32-10.61，P<.001）、有多个性伴侣（AOR = 1.11，95% CI = 0.88-1.40，P<.001）和了解其他性传播疾病（AOR =1.31，95% CI =1.06-1.62，P=0.012）的参与者吸烟的几率也更大。相反，了解暴露前预防（PrEP）的参与者吸烟的几率明显较低（AOR = 0.69，95% CI = 0.49-0.96，P = 0.029）。结论在科特迪瓦，饮酒和吸烟似乎是男性性行为与近期性行为、多重性伴侣关系和对性传播感染的认识有关的有力预测因素。为减少男性在性生殖健康方面的负面影响，科特迪瓦还应该采取更严格的创新性控酒控烟措施。今后对科特迪瓦男性的研究应考虑采取干预措施，鼓励安全性行为和性生殖健康教育。
{"title":"Estimating the Association between Alcohol Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, and Sexual Behaviors among Men in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Ikenna Obasi Odii, Edson Chipalo, Vituli Musukuma, M. Mumba","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72185","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and sexual behaviors, and to examine whether alcohol consumption and tobacco use are predictors of sexual behaviors among men in Cote d’Ivoire. \u0000Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample from the 2021 Code d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey (N=5,309) datasets, conducted among men aged 15 to 59 years old. \u0000Place and Duration: The comprehensive survey spanned from September 8, 2021, to December 30, 2021, covering urban and rural areas in all 14 administrative districts in Cote d’Ivoire. \u0000Methodology: Utilizing the IBM SPSS version 29, the prevalence estimates were derived as frequencies and proportions, while a multivariate logistic regression model analyzed the association between independent (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) and dependent variables (sexual behaviors). \u0000Results: Among the participants, 5% reported alcohol use, while 9.4% were tobacco smokers, but 79.5% were sexually active with 27.6% reporting multiple sexual partnerships outside their spouse, yet only 16.1% used condoms during their last sexual encounter. Additionally, only 20.1% had undergone HIV testing, while 57.2% were aware of other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows significantly higher likelihood of alcohol consumption among sexually active participants (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.83 - 8.11, P<.001), with multiple sexual partnerships excluding their spouse (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI re= 1.35 – 2.38, P<.001), had tested for HIV (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.85, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.60 - 3.06, P<.001) respectively. Similarly, sexually active participants (AOR = 5.94, 95% CI = 3.32-10.61, P<.001), who had multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.88-1.40, P<.001), and were aware of other STIs (AOR =1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.62, P=0.012) also had greater odds of tobacco smoking. Conversely, participants who were aware of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) were significantly less likely to smoke tobacco (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.96, P = 0.029). \u0000Conclusion: Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking appear to be strong predictors of male sexual behaviors in relation to recent sexual activity, multiple sexual partnerships, and awareness of STIs in Cote d’Ivoire. Interventions to reduce negative sexual reproductive health outcomes among men should also involve stricter innovative alcohol and tobacco control measures in Cote d’Ivoire. Future studies among men in Cote d’Ivoire should consider adopting interventions to encourage safe sex, and sexual reproductive health education.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72187
Abhishek Sanspal, Jay Nath Patel, Mohd Shah Alam
Aim: To study the effect of weed management practices on nutrient content and uptake by black gram. Study Design: Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: One year field experiment at Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, (H.P.). Methodology: The experiment was conducted with three replications and seven treatments viz.- T1 = Weedy check, T2 = Weed free, T3 = Hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS), T4 = Imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 (PE) + Hand weeding (30 DAS), T5 = Metolachlor @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE) + Hand weeding (30 DAS), T6 = Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr 900 g a.i. ha-1 (3-4 leaf stage), T7 = Imazethapyr + Imazamox @ 70 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE). Results: The study of data revealed non-significant impact of weed management practices on nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in grains and straw of black gram crop, whereas, the maximum content of all these nutrients were found under treatment T2. However, the application of treatment T2 also recorded the significantly maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop, which was statistically at par with treatment T3. The minimum content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in grains, straw and along with their uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop were found under treatment T1 = Weedy check during the field experiment. Conclusion: This study showed non-significant effect of weed management practices on the nutrient content in grains and straw of black gram, while, it has significantly affected the nutrient uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop.
目的：研究杂草管理方法对黑穗醋栗养分含量和吸收的影响。研究设计：随机区组设计。研究地点和时间：在曼迪（H.P.）柴尔周克阿卜希拉希大学农学院研究农场进行为期一年的田间试验。实验方法：试验采用三次重复和七种处理，即T1 = 杂草检查，T2 = 无杂草，T3 = 人工除草（20 和 40 DAS），T4 = 咪草烟 @ 70 g ha-1 (PE) + 人工除草（30 DAS），T5 = 甲草胺 @ 1.0 kg a. i. ha-1 (PE) + 1.0 kg a. i. ha-1 (PE) + 1.0 kg a. i. ha-1 (PE) + 1.0 kg a. i. ha-1 (PE)公顷-1（PE）+人工除草（30 DAS），T6 = 吡嘧磺隆 + 吡嘧磺隆 900 克活性成分公顷-1（3-4 叶期），T7 = 吡嘧磺隆 + 稻瘟灵 @ 70 克活性成分公顷-1（PoE）。研究结果数据研究表明，杂草管理方法对黑禾谷物和秸秆中氮、磷、钾的影响不显著，而在处理 T2 中，所有这些养分的含量最高。然而，施用处理 T2 时，黑禾秆和谷物对氮、磷、钾的吸收量和总吸收量也明显最大，在统计学上与处理 T3 相当。在田间试验中发现，处理 T1 = 杂草对照下，谷物、秸秆中氮、磷、钾的含量最低，谷物、秸秆对氮、磷、钾的吸收量和黑糯米作物对氮、磷、钾的总吸收量也最低。结论本研究表明，杂草管理方法对黑禾谷粒和秸秆中养分含量的影响不显著，但对黑禾谷粒、秸秆和黑禾作物对养分的总吸收量有显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Content and Their Uptake by Black Gram Crop (Vigna mungo L.)","authors":"Abhishek Sanspal, Jay Nath Patel, Mohd Shah Alam","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72187","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the effect of weed management practices on nutrient content and uptake by black gram. \u0000Study Design: Randomized block design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: One year field experiment at Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, (H.P.). \u0000Methodology: The experiment was conducted with three replications and seven treatments viz.- T1 = Weedy check, T2 = Weed free, T3 = Hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS), T4 = Imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 (PE) + Hand weeding (30 DAS), T5 = Metolachlor @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE) + Hand weeding (30 DAS), T6 = Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr 900 g a.i. ha-1 (3-4 leaf stage), T7 = Imazethapyr + Imazamox @ 70 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE). \u0000Results: The study of data revealed non-significant impact of weed management practices on nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in grains and straw of black gram crop, whereas, the maximum content of all these nutrients were found under treatment T2. However, the application of treatment T2 also recorded the significantly maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop, which was statistically at par with treatment T3. The minimum content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in grains, straw and along with their uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop were found under treatment T1 = Weedy check during the field experiment. \u0000Conclusion: This study showed non-significant effect of weed management practices on the nutrient content in grains and straw of black gram, while, it has significantly affected the nutrient uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by black gram crop.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72186
Vasanthi C, Angadi J. G.
With a significant increase in agricultural production, India has achieved self-reliance in food. However, the focus has now shifted from mere production increases to maximizing returns on investments. Liberalization, privatization and globalization have transformed the world into a global village, requiring Indian farmers to compete internationally. The extension system must evolve to equip farmers with market-oriented knowledge and skills. In this regard, the present study assessed farmers' knowledge of market-led extension practices in five districts of Northern Karnataka. The study sample comprised 240 respondents selected through simple random sampling. The results revealed that around forty per cent of grape growers belonged to the high knowledge category, followed by 52.50 per cent of areca nut growers and 42.50 per cent of maize growers who had a medium level of knowledge on market-led extension practices. Nearly ninety per cent of grape farmers had knowledge of production practices, followed by 75.63 per cent with knowledge of post-harvest practices. Regarding areca nut, 92.50 per cent had knowledge of post-harvest practices and 83.52 per cent of production practices. The majority of maize growers (86.25%) had knowledge of production practices, with 68.75 per cent knowledgeable about post-harvest practices. The study highlighted significant gaps in farmers' knowledge regarding export and brand management. Addressing these gaps through tailored extension interventions like technology adoption and market-focused training, is crucial for enhancing farmers' competitiveness and promoting sustainable agricultural enterprises in the region.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge of Farmers on Market-Led Extension Practices in Northern Karnataka","authors":"Vasanthi C, Angadi J. G.","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72186","url":null,"abstract":"With a significant increase in agricultural production, India has achieved self-reliance in food. However, the focus has now shifted from mere production increases to maximizing returns on investments. Liberalization, privatization and globalization have transformed the world into a global village, requiring Indian farmers to compete internationally. The extension system must evolve to equip farmers with market-oriented knowledge and skills. In this regard, the present study assessed farmers' knowledge of market-led extension practices in five districts of Northern Karnataka. The study sample comprised 240 respondents selected through simple random sampling. The results revealed that around forty per cent of grape growers belonged to the high knowledge category, followed by 52.50 per cent of areca nut growers and 42.50 per cent of maize growers who had a medium level of knowledge on market-led extension practices. Nearly ninety per cent of grape farmers had knowledge of production practices, followed by 75.63 per cent with knowledge of post-harvest practices. Regarding areca nut, 92.50 per cent had knowledge of post-harvest practices and 83.52 per cent of production practices. The majority of maize growers (86.25%) had knowledge of production practices, with 68.75 per cent knowledgeable about post-harvest practices. The study highlighted significant gaps in farmers' knowledge regarding export and brand management. Addressing these gaps through tailored extension interventions like technology adoption and market-focused training, is crucial for enhancing farmers' competitiveness and promoting sustainable agricultural enterprises in the region.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72183
Sardar N. R., Modi R. B., Tiwari Manish, Rathod J. P., Tagalpallewar G. P.
Cryogenic milling, a method that utilizes extremely low temperatures to grind materials, shows great potential for the processing of spices within the food industry. This article offers an examination of cryogenic milling in the context of spice processing, emphasizing its possible advantages and obstacles. Through the preservation of the aroma and volatile compounds found in spices, cryogenic milling provides benefits such as improved retention of flavor, reduced particle size, and improved product quality. Nevertheless, it also has drawbacks such as high equipment costs, high energy consumption, safety issues, and difficulties related to moisture levels and particle size distribution. Despite these challenges, cryogenic milling holds promise for producing top-quality spices with enhanced flavor profiles. Future research and development should concentrate on refining cryogenic milling techniques, addressing safety and regulatory concerns, and exploring potential applications in emerging food products and markets. In general, cryogenic milling is a valuable technology for spice processing and has the capacity to contribute to the creation of innovative and high-quality food products.
{"title":"An Overview of Cryomilling within the Realm of Spices","authors":"Sardar N. R., Modi R. B., Tiwari Manish, Rathod J. P., Tagalpallewar G. P.","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72183","url":null,"abstract":"Cryogenic milling, a method that utilizes extremely low temperatures to grind materials, shows great potential for the processing of spices within the food industry. This article offers an examination of cryogenic milling in the context of spice processing, emphasizing its possible advantages and obstacles. Through the preservation of the aroma and volatile compounds found in spices, cryogenic milling provides benefits such as improved retention of flavor, reduced particle size, and improved product quality. Nevertheless, it also has drawbacks such as high equipment costs, high energy consumption, safety issues, and difficulties related to moisture levels and particle size distribution. Despite these challenges, cryogenic milling holds promise for producing top-quality spices with enhanced flavor profiles. Future research and development should concentrate on refining cryogenic milling techniques, addressing safety and regulatory concerns, and exploring potential applications in emerging food products and markets. In general, cryogenic milling is a valuable technology for spice processing and has the capacity to contribute to the creation of innovative and high-quality food products.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"132 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72184
Gargi Poonia, Sandeep Kumar
Exploring the bioactive compounds in underutilized fruit crops of arid regions reveals a wealth of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and carotenoids. These compounds exhibit significant health benefits, evidenced through both in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic and neuroactive properties. This review delves into the bioactive compounds found in fruits of arid and semi-arid regions, highlighting their phytochemical compositions and their potential in preventing chronic diseases, thereby enhancing human health. Underutilized fruit crops, typically grown and consumed locally rather than being commercially cultivated or widely traded, offer several advantages. They are easier to grow, more resilient to climate change, and exceptionally rich in phytochemicals with medicinal properties. These fruits, such as Indian jujube, Indian gooseberry, bael, and tamarind, among others, are valuable for their high nutritional content and potential to meet the dietary needs of rural populations in arid regions. Local knowledge attests to their nutritional and medicinal benefits, necessitating rigorous study for conservation and nutritional characterization to broaden future food options and enhance functional and nutritional values. This review outlines the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation, and utilization strategies for significant underutilized fruit crops from arid and semi-arid regions. These fruits are rich in diverse phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and alkaloids, which are utilized to treat various health conditions in humans and livestock. Their extracts demonstrate a range of activities, including antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antinociceptive effects. Highlighting the current research on the nutritional profiling, chemical composition, and potential applications of these fruits, this chapter addresses the knowledge gap concerning the health benefits of consuming arid and semi-arid fruits. This is particularly relevant given the growing interest in "superfoods" and the need for evidence-based public health guidelines to inform consumers about the benefits of polyphenol-rich plant foods in preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
{"title":"Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruit Crops of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Gargi Poonia, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72184","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the bioactive compounds in underutilized fruit crops of arid regions reveals a wealth of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and carotenoids. These compounds exhibit significant health benefits, evidenced through both in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic and neuroactive properties. This review delves into the bioactive compounds found in fruits of arid and semi-arid regions, highlighting their phytochemical compositions and their potential in preventing chronic diseases, thereby enhancing human health. Underutilized fruit crops, typically grown and consumed locally rather than being commercially cultivated or widely traded, offer several advantages. They are easier to grow, more resilient to climate change, and exceptionally rich in phytochemicals with medicinal properties. These fruits, such as Indian jujube, Indian gooseberry, bael, and tamarind, among others, are valuable for their high nutritional content and potential to meet the dietary needs of rural populations in arid regions. Local knowledge attests to their nutritional and medicinal benefits, necessitating rigorous study for conservation and nutritional characterization to broaden future food options and enhance functional and nutritional values. This review outlines the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation, and utilization strategies for significant underutilized fruit crops from arid and semi-arid regions. These fruits are rich in diverse phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, and alkaloids, which are utilized to treat various health conditions in humans and livestock. Their extracts demonstrate a range of activities, including antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antinociceptive effects. Highlighting the current research on the nutritional profiling, chemical composition, and potential applications of these fruits, this chapter addresses the knowledge gap concerning the health benefits of consuming arid and semi-arid fruits. This is particularly relevant given the growing interest in \"superfoods\" and the need for evidence-based public health guidelines to inform consumers about the benefits of polyphenol-rich plant foods in preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"166 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72173
Krishnasree R K, K. Suresh, M. L. Pasha, K. Reddy, Ch. Aruna Kumari
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 3 different rice varieties (KNM-1638, JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42) under drip irrigated dry direct-seeded condition as well as conventionally flooded transplanted condition with 100 & 125% N. The experiment was performed in split-plot design with 3 varieties in the main plot and 2 levels of irrigation (1.0 Epan & 1.5 Epan) in combination with 2 doses of N (100 & 125% of RDF) in the sub-plot. An observation trial with these 3 varieties under transplanted condition with 100 & 125% N was taken up. The study was conducted during kharif seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranangar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. In each variety, best performing irrigation level was found at 100% N & 125% N. Growth parameters, yield parameters & yield of best-performing treatments under dry direct-seeded (DDSR) condition was compared with conventionally flooded transplanted rice (CFTPR) with the same variety and same dose of N using one sample t-test. KNM-1638 recorded significantly higher yield at 5% level of significance under transplanted condition compared to dry direct-seeded condition both at 100% N (P=0.01) & 125% N (P=0.01). Grain yield was statistically comparable at 5% level of significance under dry direct-seeded and transplanted condition for JGL-24423 at 100% N (P= 0.18). However, at 125% N, transplanted rice recorded superior yields to that of direct-seeded rice at 5% level of significance (P = 0.01). DRR Dhan-42 registered comparable yields under direct-seeded and transplanted condition with 100 (P = 0.22) & 125% N (P = 0.07) at 5% level of significance. There observed 57-68% of saving in irrigation water in DDSR compared to CFTPR. Based on yield, economization of water and nitrogen, KNM-1638 is recommended for cultivation under transplanted condition with 100% N; whereas, JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42 can be successfully cultivated under dry direct-seeded condition with 100% N without yield penalty.
{"title":"Relative Performance of Rice Varieties under Drip Irrigated Dry Direct-seeded and Flood Irrigated Transplanted Conditions","authors":"Krishnasree R K, K. Suresh, M. L. Pasha, K. Reddy, Ch. Aruna Kumari","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72173","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 3 different rice varieties (KNM-1638, JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42) under drip irrigated dry direct-seeded condition as well as conventionally flooded transplanted condition with 100 & 125% N. The experiment was performed in split-plot design with 3 varieties in the main plot and 2 levels of irrigation (1.0 Epan & 1.5 Epan) in combination with 2 doses of N (100 & 125% of RDF) in the sub-plot. An observation trial with these 3 varieties under transplanted condition with 100 & 125% N was taken up. The study was conducted during kharif seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranangar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. In each variety, best performing irrigation level was found at 100% N & 125% N. Growth parameters, yield parameters & yield of best-performing treatments under dry direct-seeded (DDSR) condition was compared with conventionally flooded transplanted rice (CFTPR) with the same variety and same dose of N using one sample t-test. KNM-1638 recorded significantly higher yield at 5% level of significance under transplanted condition compared to dry direct-seeded condition both at 100% N (P=0.01) & 125% N (P=0.01). Grain yield was statistically comparable at 5% level of significance under dry direct-seeded and transplanted condition for JGL-24423 at 100% N (P= 0.18). However, at 125% N, transplanted rice recorded superior yields to that of direct-seeded rice at 5% level of significance (P = 0.01). DRR Dhan-42 registered comparable yields under direct-seeded and transplanted condition with 100 (P = 0.22) & 125% N (P = 0.07) at 5% level of significance. There observed 57-68% of saving in irrigation water in DDSR compared to CFTPR. Based on yield, economization of water and nitrogen, KNM-1638 is recommended for cultivation under transplanted condition with 100% N; whereas, JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42 can be successfully cultivated under dry direct-seeded condition with 100% N without yield penalty.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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