Enhancing nitrogen efficiency in lowland rice cultivation while mitigating environmental impacts is imperative. Traditional urea application methods lead to significant nitrogen losses. Urea briquettes offer a solution by gradually releasing nitrogen in the ammonium form, minimizing losses through leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Field trials demonstrate their superiority over prilled urea, with higher yields and increased nitrogen uptake. Binding agents like neem and karanj oils enhance briquette strength, allowing for mechanical applicator use. Utilizing local industrial wastes as filler materials improves briquette quality. To address adoption barriers, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack has developed and evaluated five mechanical applicators. These include continuous and non-continuous types, each designed for specific application scenarios. Extensive testing assessed their performance in terms of speed, capacity, and placement uniformity. The development of user-friendly, cost-effective applicators is a critical step towards wider adoption of urea briquettes. These innovations streamline the labor-intensive application process and cater to the needs of smallholder farmers. Future research should focus on refining applicator designs for varied soil conditions and crop stages. Additionally, optimizing briquette formulations based on local resources can further enhance efficiency and reduce costs. Overall, urea briquettes coupled with efficient applicators represent a promising approach for sustainable rice cultivation. By reducing nitrogen losses and improving efficiency, they contribute to higher yields and environmental preservation. Continued efforts in research, development, and promotion are essential to realize the full potential of this technology and ensure its widespread adoption among farmers.
{"title":"Accessing Role of Urea Briquettes Fertilizer for Enhancing Nitogen Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity","authors":"Hridesh Harsha Sarma, Akash Paul, Ayekpam Robertson, Shahin Shobnur, Sonam Lhamu, Anjali Taku","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62016","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing nitrogen efficiency in lowland rice cultivation while mitigating environmental impacts is imperative. Traditional urea application methods lead to significant nitrogen losses. Urea briquettes offer a solution by gradually releasing nitrogen in the ammonium form, minimizing losses through leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Field trials demonstrate their superiority over prilled urea, with higher yields and increased nitrogen uptake. Binding agents like neem and karanj oils enhance briquette strength, allowing for mechanical applicator use. Utilizing local industrial wastes as filler materials improves briquette quality. To address adoption barriers, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack has developed and evaluated five mechanical applicators. These include continuous and non-continuous types, each designed for specific application scenarios. Extensive testing assessed their performance in terms of speed, capacity, and placement uniformity. The development of user-friendly, cost-effective applicators is a critical step towards wider adoption of urea briquettes. These innovations streamline the labor-intensive application process and cater to the needs of smallholder farmers. Future research should focus on refining applicator designs for varied soil conditions and crop stages. Additionally, optimizing briquette formulations based on local resources can further enhance efficiency and reduce costs. Overall, urea briquettes coupled with efficient applicators represent a promising approach for sustainable rice cultivation. By reducing nitrogen losses and improving efficiency, they contribute to higher yields and environmental preservation. Continued efforts in research, development, and promotion are essential to realize the full potential of this technology and ensure its widespread adoption among farmers.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62015
Dharmendrakumar Patel, Suresh Bhise
The exploration regarding the utilization of cacti family fruits into the directly consumable drink is limited. So, study was conducted to explore utilization of local fruit lime for preparation of lime-flavored dragon fruit ready to serve beverage, and processed with thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments to increase the shelf-life of beverage. Standardizing lime juice in dragon fruit ready to serve (RTS) beverages, optimizing thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments, and studying shelf life were the goals of this study. Dragon fruit RTS beverage was made with 12% fruit juice, 12°Brix total soluble solids (TSS), and 0.1% citric acid after a preliminary sensory study. Dragon fruit RTS with 3% lime juice tasted best. The standardized RTS beverage was thermal (70, 80, and 90°C for 5, 10, and 15 min), microwave (900 W power density for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 sec), and chemical (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm ascorbic acid incorporation) treated to optimize betacyanin content, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. RTS beverage thermally treated at 70°C for 5 min, a 30-second microwave treatment at 900 W, and RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid were found best on betacyanin, antioxidant activity, and sensory basis. The shelf life of optimized RTS beverage was tested at room temperature and refrigerated. During storage at the both temperatures, there were significant variations in pH, TSS, betacyanin content, and sensory qualities. The best retention of betacyanin content was reported on the 6th day of ambient storage for lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm (10.04 mg/L) with overall acceptability of 5.57. For refrigerator storage, lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained 24.26 mg/L betacyanin and 5.68 overall acceptability on the 60th day. Additionally, the lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained betacyanin better than other treatments during ambient and refrigerated storage.
{"title":"Betacyanin, Antioxidant Activity and Shelf-life Evaluation of Thermally, Microwave, and Chemically Processed Lime-flavored Dragon Fruit Ready to Serve Beverage","authors":"Dharmendrakumar Patel, Suresh Bhise","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62015","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration regarding the utilization of cacti family fruits into the directly consumable drink is limited. So, study was conducted to explore utilization of local fruit lime for preparation of lime-flavored dragon fruit ready to serve beverage, and processed with thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments to increase the shelf-life of beverage. Standardizing lime juice in dragon fruit ready to serve (RTS) beverages, optimizing thermal, microwave, and chemical treatments, and studying shelf life were the goals of this study. Dragon fruit RTS beverage was made with 12% fruit juice, 12°Brix total soluble solids (TSS), and 0.1% citric acid after a preliminary sensory study. Dragon fruit RTS with 3% lime juice tasted best. The standardized RTS beverage was thermal (70, 80, and 90°C for 5, 10, and 15 min), microwave (900 W power density for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 sec), and chemical (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm ascorbic acid incorporation) treated to optimize betacyanin content, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. RTS beverage thermally treated at 70°C for 5 min, a 30-second microwave treatment at 900 W, and RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid were found best on betacyanin, antioxidant activity, and sensory basis. The shelf life of optimized RTS beverage was tested at room temperature and refrigerated. During storage at the both temperatures, there were significant variations in pH, TSS, betacyanin content, and sensory qualities. The best retention of betacyanin content was reported on the 6th day of ambient storage for lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm (10.04 mg/L) with overall acceptability of 5.57. For refrigerator storage, lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained 24.26 mg/L betacyanin and 5.68 overall acceptability on the 60th day. Additionally, the lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage with 500 ppm ascorbic acid retained betacyanin better than other treatments during ambient and refrigerated storage.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" June","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62017
Macklin Marvin Korvah
Introduction: As one of the leading risk factors for disease burdens in the modern era, alcohol consumption exacerbates health-related repercussions with likely threatening influences on morbidity and mortality. Alcohol use in Liberia is a relic that hems in the anthropological and sociological perspectives on the economy, culture, and society. Students drinking has plagued several learning institutions across the country. Hence, some private and public institutions established school-based alcohol use control programs to help reduce in-school-youths' drinking. However, no study has credibly investigated the disparity in the prevalence of drinking between public and private school students. This study aimed to examine and compare the alcohol use prevalence between public and private secondary school students in Liberia. Methods: A quantitative method using a self-administered questionnaire to explore and interpret the prevalence of alcohol use between two independent populations, public (220) and private (180) secondary school students, was adopted. The study was done in Lofa County among students under age 14 to age 29 years. MS Excel 2016 (Office 365) was used for a two-proportion z-test analysis between two population proportions of alcohol users (public and private school students), while IBM 21.0 SPSS was used to perform chi-square tests of independence to test the association between categorical variables. Results: Drinking was a common phenomenon among students; however, the prevalence was significantly higher in public schools (71.8%) compared to private schools (32.8%). In a chi-square (X2) test for independence in an eventuality table, there is a non-significant association between alcohol use and "age group (p=0.406)," "gender (p=0.073)," and "grade levels (p=0.073) in public schools. However, in private schools, there is a significant association between alcohol use and "age group (p=0.000)," "gender (p=0.000)," and "grade levels (p=0.000). Conclusions: Several factors, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, limited knowledge of alcohol use policy, and students' proximity to family members who are distillers and vintners, especially in public schools, influence the high rate of alcohol use among students. Therefore, a comprehensive intervention strategy that encompasses students' social environment, including the community, school, and family, is needed to reduce and prevent students' drinking in Liberia.
导言：作为现代疾病负担的主要风险因素之一，饮酒加剧了与健康有关的后果，可能对发病率和死亡率产生威胁性影响。在利比里亚，酗酒是人类学和社会学对经济、文化和社会的一种看法。学生酗酒问题困扰着全国各地的一些教育机构。因此，一些私营和公共机构制定了校内酒精使用控制计划，以帮助减少校内青少年饮酒。然而，还没有研究对公立和私立学校学生饮酒率的差异进行过可信的调查。本研究旨在调查和比较利比里亚公立和私立中学学生的饮酒率。研究方法：采用自填问卷的定量方法，探讨和解释两个独立人群--公立中学生（220 人）和私立中学生（180 人）--的饮酒率。研究在洛法县 14 岁以下至 29 岁的学生中进行。使用 MS Excel 2016（Office 365）对两个人群（公立和私立学校学生）的酒精使用者比例进行两比例 Z 检验分析，同时使用 IBM 21.0 SPSS 进行独立的卡方检验，以检验分类变量之间的关联。研究结果饮酒在学生中是一种普遍现象，但公立学校（71.8%）的饮酒率明显高于私立学校（32.8%）。通过对偶发事件表中的独立性进行卡方检验（X2），发现在公立学校中，饮酒与 "年龄组（P=0.406）"、"性别（P=0.073）"和 "年级（P=0.073）"之间的关系不显著。然而，在私立学校，饮酒与 "年龄组（p=0.000）"、"性别（p=0.000）"和 "年级（p=0.000）"之间存在显著关联。结论社会人口特征、对饮酒政策的了解有限、学生与身为酿酒师和葡萄酒酿造商的家庭成员距离较近（尤其是在公立学校）等多种因素影响着学生的高饮酒率。因此，利比里亚需要一项涵盖学生社会环境（包括社区、学校和家庭）的综合干预战略，以减少和预防学生饮酒。
{"title":"Assessment of Alcohol Use Control Programs in Secondary Schools in Lofa County, Liberia","authors":"Macklin Marvin Korvah","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As one of the leading risk factors for disease burdens in the modern era, alcohol consumption exacerbates health-related repercussions with likely threatening influences on morbidity and mortality. Alcohol use in Liberia is a relic that hems in the anthropological and sociological perspectives on the economy, culture, and society. Students drinking has plagued several learning institutions across the country. Hence, some private and public institutions established school-based alcohol use control programs to help reduce in-school-youths' drinking. However, no study has credibly investigated the disparity in the prevalence of drinking between public and private school students. This study aimed to examine and compare the alcohol use prevalence between public and private secondary school students in Liberia. \u0000Methods: A quantitative method using a self-administered questionnaire to explore and interpret the prevalence of alcohol use between two independent populations, public (220) and private (180) secondary school students, was adopted. The study was done in Lofa County among students under age 14 to age 29 years. MS Excel 2016 (Office 365) was used for a two-proportion z-test analysis between two population proportions of alcohol users (public and private school students), while IBM 21.0 SPSS was used to perform chi-square tests of independence to test the association between categorical variables. \u0000Results: Drinking was a common phenomenon among students; however, the prevalence was significantly higher in public schools (71.8%) compared to private schools (32.8%). In a chi-square (X2) test for independence in an eventuality table, there is a non-significant association between alcohol use and \"age group (p=0.406),\" \"gender (p=0.073),\" and \"grade levels (p=0.073) in public schools. However, in private schools, there is a significant association between alcohol use and \"age group (p=0.000),\" \"gender (p=0.000),\" and \"grade levels (p=0.000). \u0000Conclusions: Several factors, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, limited knowledge of alcohol use policy, and students' proximity to family members who are distillers and vintners, especially in public schools, influence the high rate of alcohol use among students. Therefore, a comprehensive intervention strategy that encompasses students' social environment, including the community, school, and family, is needed to reduce and prevent students' drinking in Liberia.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52014
Neba Noela Buwah
Aims: The aim of this study was to examine marketing promotion strategies of natural health products and associate to health outcomes of public transport passengers in Cameroon. Study Design: This study adopted a cross sectional research design. Place and Duration of Study: The data was collected using an online survey and the duration for data collection lasted for three months (December 2023 to February, 2024). Methodology: The primary source of data was used for this study through the distribution of 385 copies of questionnaire to respondents sampled through purposive and snow ball sampling techniques. Inferential statistics were used for analysis and tables used for descriptive statistics. Results: The result of the study reveals that 92.5% of health outcome can be predicted from personal selling, sales promotion and consumer knowledge. Specifically, personal selling has a 13.5% significant effects on the health outcome of public transport passengers. Consumer knowledge has a 88.9% significant positive effect on the health outcome of public transport passengers; meanwhile sales promotion insignificantly affects the health outcome of transport passengers negatively (-8%). Conclusion: Natural health products are an integral part of most people living in Cameroon, given the developing state of the economy and the traditional orientation adopted by most communities. However, marketing practices associated to such products should be controlled and reviewed so as not to render them detrimental to the same citizens they are out to contribute positively to their health. The major recommendation thus is to advocate for the creation of a professional body for promoters of natural health products and this body should be highly monitored by the Ministry of Health.
{"title":"Marketing Promotion Strategies of Natural Health Products and Health Outcomes of Public Transport Passengers in Cameroon","authors":"Neba Noela Buwah","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52014","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to examine marketing promotion strategies of natural health products and associate to health outcomes of public transport passengers in Cameroon.\u0000Study Design: This study adopted a cross sectional research design.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The data was collected using an online survey and the duration for data collection lasted for three months (December 2023 to February, 2024).\u0000Methodology: The primary source of data was used for this study through the distribution of 385 copies of questionnaire to respondents sampled through purposive and snow ball sampling techniques. Inferential statistics were used for analysis and tables used for descriptive statistics.\u0000Results: The result of the study reveals that 92.5% of health outcome can be predicted from personal selling, sales promotion and consumer knowledge. Specifically, personal selling has a 13.5% significant effects on the health outcome of public transport passengers. Consumer knowledge has a 88.9% significant positive effect on the health outcome of public transport passengers; meanwhile sales promotion insignificantly affects the health outcome of transport passengers negatively (-8%).\u0000Conclusion: Natural health products are an integral part of most people living in Cameroon, given the developing state of the economy and the traditional orientation adopted by most communities. However, marketing practices associated to such products should be controlled and reviewed so as not to render them detrimental to the same citizens they are out to contribute positively to their health. The major recommendation thus is to advocate for the creation of a professional body for promoters of natural health products and this body should be highly monitored by the Ministry of Health.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52011
.. Arun Kumar, M. R., .. Fathima, P. S., .. Yogananda, S. B., .. Sowmyalatha, B. S
An investigation on “Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea and Urea Foliar Sprays on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Production” was conducted during kharif 2022 at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya, on sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice. Treatments include combinations of basal application of urea at 50, 75 and 100% recommended dose of N with varied levels of nano urea and urea spray at 20 and 40 DAS, which were compared with RDF and control (RDF without N). Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Available N, P2O5 and K2O status in the post-harvest soil varied significantly but pH, EC and OC was not significantly influenced by varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and urea. Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).
2022 年印度旱季期间，在曼迪亚的 ZARS, V. C. 农场进行了一项关于 "纳米尿素和尿素叶面喷施对饲料玉米（Zea mays L. ）生产中养分吸收和土壤肥力的比较评估 "的调查，土壤为沙壤土。实验采用 RCBD 方法，共设 11 个处理，重复三次。处理包括按 50%、75% 和 100%的推荐氮剂量基施尿素，并在 20 DAS 和 40 DAS 施用不同水平的纳米尿素和尿素喷雾，并与 RDF 和对照（不施氮的 RDF）进行比较。在所测试的处理中，100%推荐剂量的氮+尿素（2%）喷施法的青饲料产量（427.70 q ha-1）和干物质产量（91.64 q ha-1）、养分吸收量（氮153.49 kg ha-1、磷33.37 kg ha-1、钾121.29 kg ha-1）显著高于100%推荐剂量的氮+纳米尿素（0.4%）喷施法。收获后土壤中的可利用氮、P2O5 和 K2O 含量变化很大，但 pH 值、EC 值和 OC 值没有受到不同水平的氮推荐剂量和不同叶面喷施浓度的纳米尿素和尿素的显著影响。土壤中可利用的氮、磷、钾含量较高的是 100%推荐剂量的氮+尿素 @ 2% 喷雾（分别为 213.25、42.58 和 189.06 千克/公顷-1），其次是 100%推荐剂量的氮+纳米尿素 @ 0.4% 喷雾（分别为 200.70、40.87 和 187.95 千克/公顷-1）。
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea and Urea Foliar Sprays on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Production","authors":".. Arun Kumar, M. R., .. Fathima, P. S., .. Yogananda, S. B., .. Sowmyalatha, B. S","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52011","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation on “Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea and Urea Foliar Sprays on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Production” was conducted during kharif 2022 at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya, on sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice. Treatments include combinations of basal application of urea at 50, 75 and 100% recommended dose of N with varied levels of nano urea and urea spray at 20 and 40 DAS, which were compared with RDF and control (RDF without N). Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Available N, P2O5 and K2O status in the post-harvest soil varied significantly but pH, EC and OC was not significantly influenced by varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and urea. Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52010
P. Verma, A. Verma, R. Naik, S. Jogdand, A. K. Dave, A.S. Rajput
An investigation was conducted with the aim of examining the physical and engineering properties of okra seeds. The physical and frictional characteristics of okra seeds play a crucial role in the design of a seeder, influencing decisions regarding cell size, shape, metering disc thickness, and material, as well as the inclination of the seed hopper. The study aimed to determine these properties of okra seeds. The primary findings indicated that the typical values for the length, width, and thickness of the seeds were 5.58 mm, 4.61 mm, and 4.18 mm, respectively. The maximum width and length of the seeds served as the basis for the design of the cell diameters and thickness of the seed metering rotor. The okra variety “VNR-Deepika” exhibited a geometric mean diameter of 4.79 mm, with sphericity and roundness values of 85.2% and 82.85%, respectively. The roundness and sphericity of the seed affected its ability to move through the seeder's components. Test weight, bulk density, true density, volume, porosity, angle of repose, and coefficient of static friction were measured as 57.06 g, 0.56 g cm-3, 1.12 g cm-3, 111.46 mm-3, 50.22%, 25.97° and 0.42, respectively. The depth of the vertical rotor cells was established at 6.25 mm, slightly exceeding the average seed length to ensure singular seed dispensing. Simultaneously, the width of each cell was calculated to be 6.98 mm, offering adequate space for accommodating one seed per cell. Featuring 14 cells positioned around the vertical rotor's circumference, the seed metering rotor was designed to have an 85 mm diameter.
{"title":"Design of Vertical Rotor Metering Plate for Precision Seeding of Okra: Incorporating Physical and Engineering Properties","authors":"P. Verma, A. Verma, R. Naik, S. Jogdand, A. K. Dave, A.S. Rajput","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52010","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was conducted with the aim of examining the physical and engineering properties of okra seeds. The physical and frictional characteristics of okra seeds play a crucial role in the design of a seeder, influencing decisions regarding cell size, shape, metering disc thickness, and material, as well as the inclination of the seed hopper. The study aimed to determine these properties of okra seeds. The primary findings indicated that the typical values for the length, width, and thickness of the seeds were 5.58 mm, 4.61 mm, and 4.18 mm, respectively. The maximum width and length of the seeds served as the basis for the design of the cell diameters and thickness of the seed metering rotor. The okra variety “VNR-Deepika” exhibited a geometric mean diameter of 4.79 mm, with sphericity and roundness values of 85.2% and 82.85%, respectively. The roundness and sphericity of the seed affected its ability to move through the seeder's components. Test weight, bulk density, true density, volume, porosity, angle of repose, and coefficient of static friction were measured as 57.06 g, 0.56 g cm-3, 1.12 g cm-3, 111.46 mm-3, 50.22%, 25.97° and 0.42, respectively. The depth of the vertical rotor cells was established at 6.25 mm, slightly exceeding the average seed length to ensure singular seed dispensing. Simultaneously, the width of each cell was calculated to be 6.98 mm, offering adequate space for accommodating one seed per cell. Featuring 14 cells positioned around the vertical rotor's circumference, the seed metering rotor was designed to have an 85 mm diameter.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012
Praveen Kote, Yallappa M, Afshan Jabeen, Srinatha, T. N., S. J. Prabhavathi, M. Ramasamy, K. Dhanalakshmi, K. Chitra, G. Malathi
Youth participation in agriculture is a critical aspect of sustainable development, food security, and economic growth in many regions worldwide. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing literature on youth engagement in agricultural activities. The review explores various dimensions of youth involvement in agriculture, including motivations, challenges, opportunities, and impacts. The methodology involves a systematic search of electronic databases, including scholarly articles, reports, and grey literature, to identify relevant studies published within a specified timeframe. The inclusion criteria encompass literature that examines the participation of youth (aged 15-35) in agricultural practices, policies, programs, and initiatives across different geographic regions and socio-economic contexts. Initial findings suggest a growing interest in understanding and promoting youth engagement in agriculture, driven by concerns about rural development, unemployment, and food insecurity. Motivations for youth involvement vary widely and may include economic incentives, cultural traditions, social factors, and environmental consciousness. However, numerous challenges hinder youth participation, such as limited access to land, financial resources, education, and technology, as well as negative perceptions of agriculture as a career. Moreover, the review identifies a range of opportunities for enhancing youth involvement in agriculture, including entrepreneurship programs, vocational training, access to markets, digital platforms, and policy interventions that support youth-friendly agricultural policies and strategies. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse impacts of youth engagement in agriculture, including contributions to food production, innovation, rural development, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods. Overall, this scoping review provides valuable insights into the complexities surrounding youth participation in agriculture and underscores the need for multifaceted approaches to address barriers, leverage opportunities, and harness the potential of young people in shaping the future of agriculture and rural communities. Future research directions and implications for policy and practice are also discussed.
{"title":"A Scoping Review on Youth Participation in Agriculture: Sustainable Development, Food Security, and Economic Growth","authors":"Praveen Kote, Yallappa M, Afshan Jabeen, Srinatha, T. N., S. J. Prabhavathi, M. Ramasamy, K. Dhanalakshmi, K. Chitra, G. Malathi","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012","url":null,"abstract":"Youth participation in agriculture is a critical aspect of sustainable development, food security, and economic growth in many regions worldwide. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing literature on youth engagement in agricultural activities. The review explores various dimensions of youth involvement in agriculture, including motivations, challenges, opportunities, and impacts. The methodology involves a systematic search of electronic databases, including scholarly articles, reports, and grey literature, to identify relevant studies published within a specified timeframe. The inclusion criteria encompass literature that examines the participation of youth (aged 15-35) in agricultural practices, policies, programs, and initiatives across different geographic regions and socio-economic contexts. Initial findings suggest a growing interest in understanding and promoting youth engagement in agriculture, driven by concerns about rural development, unemployment, and food insecurity. Motivations for youth involvement vary widely and may include economic incentives, cultural traditions, social factors, and environmental consciousness. However, numerous challenges hinder youth participation, such as limited access to land, financial resources, education, and technology, as well as negative perceptions of agriculture as a career. Moreover, the review identifies a range of opportunities for enhancing youth involvement in agriculture, including entrepreneurship programs, vocational training, access to markets, digital platforms, and policy interventions that support youth-friendly agricultural policies and strategies. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse impacts of youth engagement in agriculture, including contributions to food production, innovation, rural development, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods. Overall, this scoping review provides valuable insights into the complexities surrounding youth participation in agriculture and underscores the need for multifaceted approaches to address barriers, leverage opportunities, and harness the potential of young people in shaping the future of agriculture and rural communities. Future research directions and implications for policy and practice are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52009
Puspa Parameswari, Modi Ragini, Vishal Singh, Ramesha N M, Awanindra Kumar Tiwari, Ningaraj Belagalla, Saurabh Raj Pandey, Shivaji Narayan Kolekar
Vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to sustainable agriculture in the 21st century, addressing the challenges of population growth, urbanization, and climate change. This article provides a comprehensive overview of vertical farming technologies, strategies for soil and water conservation, and the potential benefits and limitations of this innovative agricultural system. The article explores the history and development of vertical farming, the various types of vertical farming systems, and the key components and technologies involved. It also discusses the environmental, economic, and social implications of vertical farming, including its potential to reduce land use, water consumption, and carbon emissions, while increasing crop yields and food security. The article presents case studies of successful vertical farming projects around the world and identifies future research and development needs to further advance this field. The potential of vertical farming to transform the agricultural landscape and contribute to sustainable urban development is highlighted, along with the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to support the growth and development of vertical farming as a sustainable solution for meeting the food demands of a growing global population.
{"title":"Vertical Farming: Revolutionizing Sustainable Agriculture in the 21st Century","authors":"Puspa Parameswari, Modi Ragini, Vishal Singh, Ramesha N M, Awanindra Kumar Tiwari, Ningaraj Belagalla, Saurabh Raj Pandey, Shivaji Narayan Kolekar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52009","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to sustainable agriculture in the 21st century, addressing the challenges of population growth, urbanization, and climate change. This article provides a comprehensive overview of vertical farming technologies, strategies for soil and water conservation, and the potential benefits and limitations of this innovative agricultural system. The article explores the history and development of vertical farming, the various types of vertical farming systems, and the key components and technologies involved. It also discusses the environmental, economic, and social implications of vertical farming, including its potential to reduce land use, water consumption, and carbon emissions, while increasing crop yields and food security. The article presents case studies of successful vertical farming projects around the world and identifies future research and development needs to further advance this field. The potential of vertical farming to transform the agricultural landscape and contribute to sustainable urban development is highlighted, along with the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to support the growth and development of vertical farming as a sustainable solution for meeting the food demands of a growing global population.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52008
Josily Samuel, .. Pushpanjali, C. Rao, B. Raju, K. V. Rao, R. Rejani, Ravi Dupdal, M. Rajeshwar
Soil erosion is an economic problem and the cost of soil loss and its consequences could be very harsh. The major threat facing the sustainability and productivity is erosion and the associated nutrient loss through run off. And climatic shocks like drought and floods also aggravate the soil loss Aims: The study aims to bring out the different plans and the tradeoff analysis of the conservation and degradation through a multi objective framework. Study Design: Primary data was collected from the farmers of the Padmaram watershed, in Mahbubnagaar district, Telangana state in south India. A detailed questionnaire was prepared which included the current management practices, the input costs and output prices associated. And the soil loss was estimated using the RUSLE equation. And the tradeoffs were obtained by the multiobjective linear programming (MOLP) Place and Duration of Study: The padmaram watershed was selected, from kondurg mandal of Mahabubnagar district of Telanagana. Methodology: The multi–objective linear programming MOLP, is employed to get an efficient solution where in conflicting objectives are simultaneously optimized subject to constraints. The soil loss under different climatic scenarios were modelled using the CMIP data for 2020s,2050s and 2080s. The impact of climate change on soil loss and farm incomes were also assessed. Results: The operational land holding of a small farmer was 1.32 ha, medium famer about 2.71 ha and a large farmer about 4.99 ha. Cotton and maize were two major crops grown in the watershed holding an area of 56 per cent followed by paddy which occupies about 15 per cent. The major rabi crops were maize and rabi paddy (9 %). The cropping intensity of the watershed was 116.87 per cent. The soil loss from 60.0% of the watershed area was below 3.0 t ha−1 y−1. The soil loss from 27.5% area ranged from 3.1 to 4.5 t ha−1 y−1 and remaining 12.5% area have soil loss more than 4.6 t ha−1 y−1. Soil loss and net returns for future climate scenarios were assessed. Conclusion: The analysis of trade off between production and conservation would be useful in identifying optimum crop plans with reduction in soil loss. The results stress that the interventions in agriculture have varying costs and environmental and economic impacts. Their implementation requires appropriate investment decisions.
{"title":"Trade-offs between Farm Incomes and Soil Loss: An Application of Bio-economic Modelling in a Semi-Arid Watershed in South India","authors":"Josily Samuel, .. Pushpanjali, C. Rao, B. Raju, K. V. Rao, R. Rejani, Ravi Dupdal, M. Rajeshwar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52008","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is an economic problem and the cost of soil loss and its consequences could be very harsh. The major threat facing the sustainability and productivity is erosion and the associated nutrient loss through run off. And climatic shocks like drought and floods also aggravate the soil loss\u0000Aims: The study aims to bring out the different plans and the tradeoff analysis of the conservation and degradation through a multi objective framework.\u0000Study Design: Primary data was collected from the farmers of the Padmaram watershed, in Mahbubnagaar district, Telangana state in south India. A detailed questionnaire was prepared which included the current management practices, the input costs and output prices associated. And the soil loss was estimated using the RUSLE equation. And the tradeoffs were obtained by the multiobjective linear programming (MOLP)\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The padmaram watershed was selected, from kondurg mandal of Mahabubnagar district of Telanagana.\u0000Methodology: The multi–objective linear programming MOLP, is employed to get an efficient solution where in conflicting objectives are simultaneously optimized subject to constraints. The soil loss under different climatic scenarios were modelled using the CMIP data for 2020s,2050s and 2080s. The impact of climate change on soil loss and farm incomes were also assessed.\u0000Results: The operational land holding of a small farmer was 1.32 ha, medium famer about 2.71 ha and a large farmer about 4.99 ha. Cotton and maize were two major crops grown in the watershed holding an area of 56 per cent followed by paddy which occupies about 15 per cent. The major rabi crops were maize and rabi paddy (9 %). The cropping intensity of the watershed was 116.87 per cent. The soil loss from 60.0% of the watershed area was below 3.0 t ha−1 y−1. The soil loss from 27.5% area ranged from 3.1 to 4.5 t ha−1 y−1 and remaining 12.5% area have soil loss more than 4.6 t ha−1 y−1. Soil loss and net returns for future climate scenarios were assessed.\u0000Conclusion: The analysis of trade off between production and conservation would be useful in identifying optimum crop plans with reduction in soil loss. The results stress that the interventions in agriculture have varying costs and environmental and economic impacts. Their implementation requires appropriate investment decisions.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"20 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52007
Surabhi Sinha, Niraj Kumar, P. Bhavana, H. C. Lal, C. S. Mahto, Binay Kumar, Ankit Singh, Jyoti Kumari
Aim: The present research aimed to estimate the genetic variability in forty pigeonpea germplasms for yield and yield-attributing traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation %, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, yield (g/plot), yield (kg/ha). Study Design: study was conducted in randomised block desigh (RBD) design with two replications and spacing of 60 cm X 30 cm. Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was carried out during kharif 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University farm located at Kanke, Ranchi. Methodology: Forty pigeonpea genotypes were studied to determine genetic variability. Pooled data over two years were subjected to statistical analysis for estimation of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability in broad sense (h2), and genetic advance as a percent of mean for fourteen quantitative traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation%, 100 seed weight. Results: The PCV varied from 2.45% (days to maturity) to 30.83% [yield (kg/ha), whereas the GCV ranged from 1.12% (days to maturity) to 17.67% [yield (g/plot)]. Days to 50% flowering (6.39%, 4.48%), days to maturity (2.45%, 1.12%), and 100 seed weight (8.53%, 5.65%) all had low GCV and PCV value. The broad sense of heritability (h2) varied between plant height (16.9%) to days to 50% blooming (49.20%). Plant height (16.90%, 4.95%), number of pods per plant (21.10%, 9.95%), and days to maturity (20.90%, 1.05%) showed low heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, indicating ineffective selection. Conclusion: Genotypes showed high magnitude of variability for all the traits under study.
{"title":"Genetic Variability Estimation in Forty Pigeonpea Germplasm for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits","authors":"Surabhi Sinha, Niraj Kumar, P. Bhavana, H. C. Lal, C. S. Mahto, Binay Kumar, Ankit Singh, Jyoti Kumari","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52007","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present research aimed to estimate the genetic variability in forty pigeonpea germplasms for yield and yield-attributing traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation %, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, yield (g/plot), yield (kg/ha). \u0000Study Design: study was conducted in randomised block desigh (RBD) design with two replications and spacing of 60 cm X 30 cm. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was carried out during kharif 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University farm located at Kanke, Ranchi. \u0000Methodology: Forty pigeonpea genotypes were studied to determine genetic variability. Pooled data over two years were subjected to statistical analysis for estimation of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability in broad sense (h2), and genetic advance as a percent of mean for fourteen quantitative traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation%, 100 seed weight. \u0000Results: The PCV varied from 2.45% (days to maturity) to 30.83% [yield (kg/ha), whereas the GCV ranged from 1.12% (days to maturity) to 17.67% [yield (g/plot)]. Days to 50% flowering (6.39%, 4.48%), days to maturity (2.45%, 1.12%), and 100 seed weight (8.53%, 5.65%) all had low GCV and PCV value. The broad sense of heritability (h2) varied between plant height (16.9%) to days to 50% blooming (49.20%). Plant height (16.90%, 4.95%), number of pods per plant (21.10%, 9.95%), and days to maturity (20.90%, 1.05%) showed low heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, indicating ineffective selection. \u0000Conclusion: Genotypes showed high magnitude of variability for all the traits under study.","PeriodicalId":16985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"285 S9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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