Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.2
S. Ozkan, G. Karpacheva, E. Dzidziguri, P. Chernavskii, G. Bondarenko, G. Pankina
Hybrid metal-polymer nanocomposite materials based on polyphenoxazine (PPhOA) and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were obtained for the first time via two methods: in situ oxidative polymerization of phenoxazine (PhOA) in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 being present; chemical transformations of PPhOA subjected to IR heating at 400–450 °Ði in the presence of FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O in an inert atmosphere. Obtained hybrid Fe 3 O 4 /PPhOA nanomaterials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (ÐÐS), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as by vibrating sample magnetometry. The chemical structure, phase composition, magnetic and thermal properties of obtained nanocomposites were investigated in relation to the synthesis conditions.
{"title":"Formation Features of Hybrid Magnetic Materials Based on Polyphenoxazine and Magnetite Nanoparticles","authors":"S. Ozkan, G. Karpacheva, E. Dzidziguri, P. Chernavskii, G. Bondarenko, G. Pankina","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid metal-polymer nanocomposite materials based on polyphenoxazine (PPhOA) and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were obtained for the first time via two methods: in situ oxidative polymerization of phenoxazine (PhOA) in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 being present; chemical transformations of PPhOA subjected to IR heating at 400–450 °Ði in the presence of FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O in an inert atmosphere. Obtained hybrid Fe 3 O 4 /PPhOA nanomaterials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (ÐÐS), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as by vibrating sample magnetometry. The chemical structure, phase composition, magnetic and thermal properties of obtained nanocomposites were investigated in relation to the synthesis conditions.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85666636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.1
H. Horacek
Polyurethane foams were manufactured under continuous measurements of isocyanate content, temperature, expansion and viscosity. Parallel model calculations were executed based on the driving force of 50kJ/mole heat of reaction of the energy rich isocyanate group and on thermodynamic balances of weight and heat of formation as well as on a kinetic model using a first order reaction for the isocyanate consumption and a relation for the viscosity dependent on conversion and on a viscosity constant. The agreement between continuous measured and calculated data was satisfying. The parameters isocyanate content, temperature, expansion and viscosity controlled and steered the variables of the production plant, like dosage of components, temperature and conveyer speed. The kinetic model was also valid for polyurethane foams with additives, which did not react with components of foam, like flame retardants or pigments. The thermodynamic balances of weight and heat predicted residues and consumed heats by degradation under fire, which correlated with those measured by TGA and DSC. The target was to establish computer integrated manufacturing without continuous measurements but by mere model calculation. This was possible with the knowledge of the first order velocity constant and the viscosity constant.
{"title":"Computer Integrated Manufacturing of Polyurethane Foams Steered by Measured and Calculated Data in Comparison","authors":"H. Horacek","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Polyurethane foams were manufactured under continuous measurements of isocyanate content, temperature, expansion and viscosity. Parallel model calculations were executed based on the driving force of 50kJ/mole heat of reaction of the energy rich isocyanate group and on thermodynamic balances of weight and heat of formation as well as on a kinetic model using a first order reaction for the isocyanate consumption and a relation for the viscosity dependent on conversion and on a viscosity constant. The agreement between continuous measured and calculated data was satisfying. The parameters isocyanate content, temperature, expansion and viscosity controlled and steered the variables of the production plant, like dosage of components, temperature and conveyer speed. The kinetic model was also valid for polyurethane foams with additives, which did not react with components of foam, like flame retardants or pigments. The thermodynamic balances of weight and heat predicted residues and consumed heats by degradation under fire, which correlated with those measured by TGA and DSC. The target was to establish computer integrated manufacturing without continuous measurements but by mere model calculation. This was possible with the knowledge of the first order velocity constant and the viscosity constant.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90328692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.4
J. Assaad
The incorporation of recycled polymers from waste latex paints (WLPs) in concrete manufacturing is very limited. In fact, this practice cannot be formally implemented without thorough assessment of the various implications that could result from WLP additions on concrete properties. This paper seeks to provide better understanding on effect of WLP constituents and substitution rates on concrete fresh and mechanical properties. It also examines the effect of incorporating naphthalene-based high-range water reducer (HRWR) to mitigate the detrimental effects associated with such additions. Tested WLPs were not randomly collected from waste collection sites; rather produced to assure full traceability of composition and then stored for around 1-year to expire. Test results have shown that workability, setting time, and hardened properties of concrete are directly affected by the polymer latex type and content including the pigment/extender ratio. The use of HRWR is efficient to control work ability and its loss over time when WLPs are disposed in concrete at relatively high rate of 10% of mixing water. The incorporation of HRWR should be coupled with certain reduction in free water to control the drop in compressive strength and bond to embedded steel bars.
{"title":"Use of High- Range Water Reducer to Mitigate the Detrimental Effect of Recycled Acrylic- Based Polymers on Concrete Performance","authors":"J. Assaad","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of recycled polymers from waste latex paints (WLPs) in concrete manufacturing is very limited. In fact, this practice cannot be formally implemented without thorough assessment of the various implications that could result from WLP additions on concrete properties. This paper seeks to provide better understanding on effect of WLP constituents and substitution rates on concrete fresh and mechanical properties. It also examines the effect of incorporating naphthalene-based high-range water reducer (HRWR) to mitigate the detrimental effects associated with such additions. Tested WLPs were not randomly collected from waste collection sites; rather produced to assure full traceability of composition and then stored for around 1-year to expire. Test results have shown that workability, setting time, and hardened properties of concrete are directly affected by the polymer latex type and content including the pigment/extender ratio. The use of HRWR is efficient to control work ability and its loss over time when WLPs are disposed in concrete at relatively high rate of 10% of mixing water. The incorporation of HRWR should be coupled with certain reduction in free water to control the drop in compressive strength and bond to embedded steel bars.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.3
Arthur Bernardes Lara Melo, LuÃs Fernando Lucas Paiva, Júlio Cesar dos Santos, T.H. Panzera, R. Freire
A significant amount of research has been focused on the use of ceramic nano/micro particles to enhance the strength and stiffness of polymeric matrices. This work evaluates the effect of Portland cement or crystalline silica (quartz) particle inclusions into epoxy polymer. Two experiments were conducted based on a full factorial design analysis. Experiment I investigated the effect of Portland cement amount (ASTM III), two types of hardeners (HY 951 and 956) and two curing times (7 and 28 days) on the compressive behaviour and density of particulate composites. Experiment II evaluated the incorporation of quartz or cement particles by mixing different mass fraction levels, considering 28 days of curing time and HY 951 hardener. The samples were prepared in a randomized manufacturing process and tested in compression. The mechanical properties were significantly affected by the type of hardener used. Both particles, considered in appropriate level set, can enhance the compressive strength and stiffness of the composites.
{"title":"A Statistical Analysis of Epoxy Polymer Reinforced with Micro Ceramic Particles","authors":"Arthur Bernardes Lara Melo, LuÃs Fernando Lucas Paiva, Júlio Cesar dos Santos, T.H. Panzera, R. Freire","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.3","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of research has been focused on the use of ceramic nano/micro particles to enhance the strength and stiffness of polymeric matrices. This work evaluates the effect of Portland cement or crystalline silica (quartz) particle inclusions into epoxy polymer. Two experiments were conducted based on a full factorial design analysis. Experiment I investigated the effect of Portland cement amount (ASTM III), two types of hardeners (HY 951 and 956) and two curing times (7 and 28 days) on the compressive behaviour and density of particulate composites. Experiment II evaluated the incorporation of quartz or cement particles by mixing different mass fraction levels, considering 28 days of curing time and HY 951 hardener. The samples were prepared in a randomized manufacturing process and tested in compression. The mechanical properties were significantly affected by the type of hardener used. Both particles, considered in appropriate level set, can enhance the compressive strength and stiffness of the composites.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77287333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.1
Shirin Monadjemi, C. McMahan, K. Cornish
To meet the increasing demand for natural rubber (NR), currently sourced from the tropical rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis , and address price volatility and steadily increasing labor costs, alternate rubber-producing species are in commercial development. One of these, guayule ( Parthenium argentatum ), has emerged on the market as a commercial source of high quality rubber. Non-rubber constituents play an important role in the physical properties of NR products. The intrinsic composition of the two NR materials differs and these differences may be a principal cause of the performance differences between them. We have compared the effect of non-rubber constituents, such as protein, lipids, resin and rubber particle membranes. Firstly, a film casting method was developed to obtain rubber films with a uniform thickness. Secondly, the glass transition temperature of different rubbers was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile properties were tested for uncompounded materials. Guayule natural rubber (GNR), from which most of the membranes were removed while in latex form (MRGNR) was found to have higher intrinsic strength than GNR or gel-free NR (FNR). An acetone extraction was performed to quantify the resin and free lipids in the rubber samples.
{"title":"Effect of Non-Rubber Constituents on Guayule and Hevea Rubber Intrinsic Properties","authors":"Shirin Monadjemi, C. McMahan, K. Cornish","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the increasing demand for natural rubber (NR), currently sourced from the tropical rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis , and address price volatility and steadily increasing labor costs, alternate rubber-producing species are in commercial development. One of these, guayule ( Parthenium argentatum ), has emerged on the market as a commercial source of high quality rubber. Non-rubber constituents play an important role in the physical properties of NR products. The intrinsic composition of the two NR materials differs and these differences may be a principal cause of the performance differences between them. We have compared the effect of non-rubber constituents, such as protein, lipids, resin and rubber particle membranes. Firstly, a film casting method was developed to obtain rubber films with a uniform thickness. Secondly, the glass transition temperature of different rubbers was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile properties were tested for uncompounded materials. Guayule natural rubber (GNR), from which most of the membranes were removed while in latex form (MRGNR) was found to have higher intrinsic strength than GNR or gel-free NR (FNR). An acetone extraction was performed to quantify the resin and free lipids in the rubber samples.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85252223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.4
J. Su, Yingyuan Wang, Shan Han, Xiao-long Zhang
Blend films from nature soy protein isolates (SPI) and synthetical poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were successfully fabricated by crosslinkage of ferulic acid (FA) based on a solution-casting method. Structure analysis results indicated that FA had chemical reactions with both SPI and PVA, a three-dimensional interpenetrated polymer networks (IPN) had formed between SPI and PVA. The miscibility of SPI/PVA blends had improved by crosslinkage of FA. Moreover, the transparency of films had enhanced with the increasing of FA contents, which proved the INP structure of SPI/PVA blends could be adjusted by cross-linking degree. This method supplies a highlight potential usage of SPI as environmental-friendly packaging films.
{"title":"Soy Protein Isolate/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Films with IPN Structure by Crosslinkage of Ferulic Acid","authors":"J. Su, Yingyuan Wang, Shan Han, Xiao-long Zhang","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"Blend films from nature soy protein isolates (SPI) and synthetical poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were successfully fabricated by crosslinkage of ferulic acid (FA) based on a solution-casting method. Structure analysis results indicated that FA had chemical reactions with both SPI and PVA, a three-dimensional interpenetrated polymer networks (IPN) had formed between SPI and PVA. The miscibility of SPI/PVA blends had improved by crosslinkage of FA. Moreover, the transparency of films had enhanced with the increasing of FA contents, which proved the INP structure of SPI/PVA blends could be adjusted by cross-linking degree. This method supplies a highlight potential usage of SPI as environmental-friendly packaging films.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75366203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.2
C. Tsao, H. Hocheng
Over the past decades, composite materials have been increasingly utilized in various industries because of their superior mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. Drilling is essential to produce precise holes when load-carrying structures are produced using composites. Because of the non-homogeneous and anisotropic property of composite laminates, delamination often occurs at the point where the drill exits, which affects reliability and safety. Some studies present a suppressed mechanism to prevent delamination when drilling composite laminates. The experimental results demonstrate delamination is significantly reduced by various suppressed mechanisms and greater feed rates produce the same level of delamination. The use of special drill geometries and backup has been demonstrated to be more advantageous than the use of adapted feed controls. The basis for the future development of a suppression mechanism for drilling composite laminates is determined.
{"title":"A Review of Backup Mechanism for Reducing Delamination when Drilling Composite Laminates","authors":"C. Tsao, H. Hocheng","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, composite materials have been increasingly utilized in various industries because of their superior mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. Drilling is essential to produce precise holes when load-carrying structures are produced using composites. Because of the non-homogeneous and anisotropic property of composite laminates, delamination often occurs at the point where the drill exits, which affects reliability and safety. Some studies present a suppressed mechanism to prevent delamination when drilling composite laminates. The experimental results demonstrate delamination is significantly reduced by various suppressed mechanisms and greater feed rates produce the same level of delamination. The use of special drill geometries and backup has been demonstrated to be more advantageous than the use of adapted feed controls. The basis for the future development of a suppression mechanism for drilling composite laminates is determined.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.2
A. Peixoto, I. Campos, H. Ferraz, J. C. Pinto
Miniemulsion polymerization is widely used to produce polymer nanoparticles. In many applications, it is important to ensure the narrow particle size distribution of the final product, which means that secondary micellar and homogeneous nucleation must be avoided during the reaction course. The present study proposes the use of hydrophilic comonomers to inhibit the occurrence of secondary particle nucleation in miniemulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate. Acrylic acid, metacrylic acid, 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate and methacrylamide were used as hydrophilic comonomers. It was observed that the use of small amounts of hydrophilic comonomers in miniemulsion polymerizations promoted by oil-soluble initiators could prevent secondary particle nucleation and lead to products with more homogeneous particle size distributions.
{"title":"Use of Hydrophilic Monomers to Avoid Secondary Particle Nucleation in Miniemulsion Polymerizations of Methyl Methacrylate","authors":"A. Peixoto, I. Campos, H. Ferraz, J. C. Pinto","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Miniemulsion polymerization is widely used to produce polymer nanoparticles. In many applications, it is important to ensure the narrow particle size distribution of the final product, which means that secondary micellar and homogeneous nucleation must be avoided during the reaction course. The present study proposes the use of hydrophilic comonomers to inhibit the occurrence of secondary particle nucleation in miniemulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate. Acrylic acid, metacrylic acid, 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate and methacrylamide were used as hydrophilic comonomers. It was observed that the use of small amounts of hydrophilic comonomers in miniemulsion polymerizations promoted by oil-soluble initiators could prevent secondary particle nucleation and lead to products with more homogeneous particle size distributions.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.1
D. Hirayama, C. H. Scuracchio, C. Saron
Polymer recycling has been the most suitable alternative for management of plastics waste that are responsible by serious environmental damages. However, the recycling of some polymer materials, such as vulcanized elastomers, is not a trivial process. The recycling of elastomers is a process more complex than the recycling of thermoplastic polymers because the elastomers cannot be remolded by simple heating after vulcanization. Methods for rubber devulcanization has been developed as an interesting alternative for recover flow properties of elastomers, allowing other molding cycle. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of carbon black on devulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) by microwaves and analyze properties of recycled material. The devulcanization by microwaves showed efficiency for rubber compositions with higher content of carbon black incorporated as well as the properties of recycled material showed satisfactory performance for reuse in other products. Microwaves devulcanization of SBR is an important alternative for reuse of rubber waste and decrease of the environmental problem generated with discard of these materials.
{"title":"Microwaves Devulcanization of SBR Containing Carbon Black","authors":"D. Hirayama, C. H. Scuracchio, C. Saron","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer recycling has been the most suitable alternative for management of plastics waste that are responsible by serious environmental damages. However, the recycling of some polymer materials, such as vulcanized elastomers, is not a trivial process. The recycling of elastomers is a process more complex than the recycling of thermoplastic polymers because the elastomers cannot be remolded by simple heating after vulcanization. Methods for rubber devulcanization has been developed as an interesting alternative for recover flow properties of elastomers, allowing other molding cycle. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of carbon black on devulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) by microwaves and analyze properties of recycled material. The devulcanization by microwaves showed efficiency for rubber compositions with higher content of carbon black incorporated as well as the properties of recycled material showed satisfactory performance for reuse in other products. Microwaves devulcanization of SBR is an important alternative for reuse of rubber waste and decrease of the environmental problem generated with discard of these materials.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75229539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.3
N. Al-muaikel
A new interesting class of linear unsaturated polycarbonates based on methyl- cyclohexanone and 4-tert. butyl- cyclohexanone moieties has been synthesized. An interfacial phosgenation technique carried out at ambient temperature was used for the synthesis of these polycarbonates. The resulting polycarbonates were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. All the polycarbonates were soluble in polar solvents like dimethylsulphoxide and sulphuric acid. The crystallinity of some selected polycarbonates was examined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the morphology of selected examples of the polycarbonates was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
{"title":"Novel Polycarbonates via Phosgenation of Unsaturated Diols","authors":"N. Al-muaikel","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"A new interesting class of linear unsaturated polycarbonates based on methyl- cyclohexanone and 4-tert. butyl- cyclohexanone moieties has been synthesized. An interfacial phosgenation technique carried out at ambient temperature was used for the synthesis of these polycarbonates. The resulting polycarbonates were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. All the polycarbonates were soluble in polar solvents like dimethylsulphoxide and sulphuric acid. The crystallinity of some selected polycarbonates was examined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the morphology of selected examples of the polycarbonates was examined by scanning electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91148421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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