Pub Date : 2016-04-18DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.01.4
G. Fagadar-Cosma, M. Bîrdeanu, E. Fagadar-Cosma
Porphyrins are versatile multifunctional biomimetic molecules that are obtained by condensation of pyrrole with the desired aromatic aldehydes. The porphyrin structure can be synthetically modified by either introduction of various peripheral functional groups or metals in its core, allowing creation of various porphyrin derivatives that exhibit amazing optoelectronic properties. This feature makes porphyrins molecules extremely useful especially in hybrid combination with photonic, electronic and magnetic compounds. This review is focused on the more recently obtained porphyrin-polymeric materials and on their various analytical, industrial and medical applications. The study underlines the assembling capacity of these porphyrin-polymer hybrids to form supramolecular tunable architectures by means of the association of more building block units. Porphyrin-polymer nano- and micro-materials play a preeminent role in sensing applications involving chromophores in the formulation of organic solar cells - due to their capacity to generate photo induced charge separation centers - and as new materials with interesting catalytic properties. Besides these technical applications, the photobactericidal activity of these porphyrin–polymer materials was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative strains bacteria and they represent an alternative to antibiotics in order to overcome the growing bacterial multiresistance. Polymer functionalization with porphyrin is commonly used to overcome some drawbacks such as self-quenching and photo-toxicity to the skin produced by the bare porphyrins, when used as photosensitizers in the non-invasive Photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT).
{"title":"Hybrid Porphyrin-Polymeric Materials and their Amazing Applications: A Review","authors":"G. Fagadar-Cosma, M. Bîrdeanu, E. Fagadar-Cosma","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2016.05.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyrins are versatile multifunctional biomimetic molecules that are obtained by condensation of pyrrole with the desired aromatic aldehydes. The porphyrin structure can be synthetically modified by either introduction of various peripheral functional groups or metals in its core, allowing creation of various porphyrin derivatives that exhibit amazing optoelectronic properties. This feature makes porphyrins molecules extremely useful especially in hybrid combination with photonic, electronic and magnetic compounds. This review is focused on the more recently obtained porphyrin-polymeric materials and on their various analytical, industrial and medical applications. The study underlines the assembling capacity of these porphyrin-polymer hybrids to form supramolecular tunable architectures by means of the association of more building block units. Porphyrin-polymer nano- and micro-materials play a preeminent role in sensing applications involving chromophores in the formulation of organic solar cells - due to their capacity to generate photo induced charge separation centers - and as new materials with interesting catalytic properties. Besides these technical applications, the photobactericidal activity of these porphyrin–polymer materials was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative strains bacteria and they represent an alternative to antibiotics in order to overcome the growing bacterial multiresistance. Polymer functionalization with porphyrin is commonly used to overcome some drawbacks such as self-quenching and photo-toxicity to the skin produced by the bare porphyrins, when used as photosensitizers in the non-invasive Photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT).","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81241707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-11DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.3
F. Chaqmaqchee, A. Baker
Polyaniline PANI samples were synthesized via chemical polymerization method. The mechanism of charge transport in these composites has been studies by measuring the DC conductivity at various lithium chloride LiCl wt.%. It shows that their activation energy decreases with increasing LiCl concentration and thus, the conductivity increases at 15 %wt. In addition, X-ray Fluorescence XRF was used to analysis the elements of PANI regarding to LiCl concentration. The elements positively detected by the XRF are Cl, Kr, SO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and ZrO 2 . The XRF data show a relative systematic error typically independent of the concentration. The accuracy is determined by comparing the XRF data with various LiCl wt.%.
{"title":"Study and Characterization of Polyaniline at Various Doping of LiCl wt.% Using Electrical Measurements and XRF Analysis","authors":"F. Chaqmaqchee, A. Baker","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Polyaniline PANI samples were synthesized via chemical polymerization method. The mechanism of charge transport in these composites has been studies by measuring the DC conductivity at various lithium chloride LiCl wt.%. It shows that their activation energy decreases with increasing LiCl concentration and thus, the conductivity increases at 15 %wt. In addition, X-ray Fluorescence XRF was used to analysis the elements of PANI regarding to LiCl concentration. The elements positively detected by the XRF are Cl, Kr, SO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and ZrO 2 . The XRF data show a relative systematic error typically independent of the concentration. The accuracy is determined by comparing the XRF data with various LiCl wt.%.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"188-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82876326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-11DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.1
Oscar Robles Vazquez, Ignacio Orozco Avila, Juan C. Sánchez DÃaz, E. Hernández
Mechanical characterization of polymeric biomaterial scaffolds is essential to allow biomaterials that interface with tissues and tissue engineered constructs to be developed with appropriate mechanical strength. However, the fragility of these materials makes their mechanical characterization in a quantitative manner highly challenging. Here we report an overview of testing techniques for the characterization of mechanical properties of films, membranes, hydrogels and fibers commonly used as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"An Overview of Mechanical Tests for Polymeric Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Tissue Engineering","authors":"Oscar Robles Vazquez, Ignacio Orozco Avila, Juan C. Sánchez DÃaz, E. Hernández","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical characterization of polymeric biomaterial scaffolds is essential to allow biomaterials that interface with tissues and tissue engineered constructs to be developed with appropriate mechanical strength. However, the fragility of these materials makes their mechanical characterization in a quantitative manner highly challenging. Here we report an overview of testing techniques for the characterization of mechanical properties of films, membranes, hydrogels and fibers commonly used as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"168-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91364741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.4
J. C. Rosas
The effect of the addition of hydrolyzed thermoplastic maize starch on the physico mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites was studied. Acid-hydrolyzed native starch was thermoplasticized using 15 and 30% glycerol in weight relative to starch, after which the LDPE/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites were prepared at TPS concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%. According to the results of Raman spectroscopy, the appearance of a new band at 756 cm -1 was observed, and it was attributed to the hydrolysis process and associated with the C-C-O vibrational modes of the glycosidic bond. The addition of both native and polyethylene hydrolyzed TPS reduced the Young’s modulus of the composites; but the reduction was greater for those containing native starch. Both the maximum stress and deformation decreased to a greater degree for the composites with hydrolyzed TPS. The composites containing TPS prepared with 15% glycerol exhibited a higher Young’s modulus compared to those with LDPE, although they exhibited fragile behavior. The degree of matrix crystallinity increased with the addition of TPS and showed the largest increase when TPS 50% hydrolyzed by weight was added, showing an increase of 35%. It was observed that the size of the TPS particles, both native and hydrolyzed, increased in size as the concentration of TPS in the matrix increased. The size of the hydrolyzed TPS particles was greater than that of the native TPS particles, and in the case the of the hydrolyzed TPS particles, some exhibited an ellipsoidal and/or fibrillar morphology.
研究了热塑性玉米淀粉水解产物对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)基复合材料物理力学性能的影响。分别用15%和30%的甘油对酸水解的原生淀粉进行热塑性塑化，然后在TPS浓度为10%、25%和50%的情况下制备LDPE/热塑性淀粉(TPS)复合材料。根据拉曼光谱结果，在756 cm -1处观察到一个新波段的出现，这归因于水解过程，并与糖苷键的C-C-O振动模式有关。天然水解TPS和聚乙烯水解TPS的加入降低了复合材料的杨氏模量;但对于那些含有天然淀粉的人来说，减少的幅度更大。水解TPS后，复合材料的最大应力和最大变形均有较大程度的减小。与含有LDPE的复合材料相比，含有15%甘油的TPS复合材料具有更高的杨氏模量，尽管它们表现出脆弱的行为。基质结晶度随TPS的加入而增加，其中添加重量水解率为50%的TPS时提高幅度最大，达到35%。观察到，随着基质中TPS浓度的增加，原生的和水解的TPS颗粒的大小都增加。水解TPS颗粒的大小大于天然TPS颗粒，并且在水解TPS颗粒的情况下，一些水解TPS颗粒呈现椭球状和/或纤维状形态。
{"title":"Effect of Acid-Hydrolyzed Thermoplastic Starch on the Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Polyethylene Based Composites","authors":"J. C. Rosas","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the addition of hydrolyzed thermoplastic maize starch on the physico mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites was studied. Acid-hydrolyzed native starch was thermoplasticized using 15 and 30% glycerol in weight relative to starch, after which the LDPE/thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites were prepared at TPS concentrations of 10, 25, and 50%. According to the results of Raman spectroscopy, the appearance of a new band at 756 cm -1 was observed, and it was attributed to the hydrolysis process and associated with the C-C-O vibrational modes of the glycosidic bond. The addition of both native and polyethylene hydrolyzed TPS reduced the Young’s modulus of the composites; but the reduction was greater for those containing native starch. Both the maximum stress and deformation decreased to a greater degree for the composites with hydrolyzed TPS. The composites containing TPS prepared with 15% glycerol exhibited a higher Young’s modulus compared to those with LDPE, although they exhibited fragile behavior. The degree of matrix crystallinity increased with the addition of TPS and showed the largest increase when TPS 50% hydrolyzed by weight was added, showing an increase of 35%. It was observed that the size of the TPS particles, both native and hydrolyzed, increased in size as the concentration of TPS in the matrix increased. The size of the hydrolyzed TPS particles was greater than that of the native TPS particles, and in the case the of the hydrolyzed TPS particles, some exhibited an ellipsoidal and/or fibrillar morphology.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"102 1","pages":"191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80671744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.4
K. Aly, D. Kuckling
Two new series of polyamides and copolyamides based on methyl-cyclohexanone and tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone in the main chain were synthesized via the solution polymerization of 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)-methylcyclohex-anone VI , 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone VIII , and its copolyamides with p -phenylene diamines and m -phenylene diamines with diacid chlorides of thianthrene (2,7-Dichloroformylthianthrene-5,5`,10,10`-tetraoxide IV . These polyamides and copolymides ranged from yellow to orange color and had inherent viscosity up to 0.35-0.89 dL/g. All the polyamides and copolymides were insoluble in common organic solvents but dissolved completely in concentrated H 2 SO 4 . The thermal stabilities of the prepared polyamides were evaluated by TGA and DTG analyses. X– ray analysis showed these polymers having low degree of crystallinity in the region 2q = 5 – 60 ° . The morphological properties of some selected polyamides were detected by SEM.
{"title":"New Polymer Syntheses Part 59. Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyamides and Copolyamides Containing Thianthrene Moiety and Based on Methyl- and/or Tertiarybutyl-Cyclohexanone in the Main Chain","authors":"K. Aly, D. Kuckling","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"Two new series of polyamides and copolyamides based on methyl-cyclohexanone and tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone in the main chain were synthesized via the solution polymerization of 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)-methylcyclohex-anone VI , 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone VIII , and its copolyamides with p -phenylene diamines and m -phenylene diamines with diacid chlorides of thianthrene (2,7-Dichloroformylthianthrene-5,5`,10,10`-tetraoxide IV . These polyamides and copolymides ranged from yellow to orange color and had inherent viscosity up to 0.35-0.89 dL/g. All the polyamides and copolymides were insoluble in common organic solvents but dissolved completely in concentrated H 2 SO 4 . The thermal stabilities of the prepared polyamides were evaluated by TGA and DTG analyses. X– ray analysis showed these polymers having low degree of crystallinity in the region 2q = 5 – 60 ° . The morphological properties of some selected polyamides were detected by SEM.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82136598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.2
W. Liu, W. Zhai
The deformation characteristics of MD-PMMA vary greatly at different temperatures. In the paper, whether a uniform model could be used to describe these complex characteristics was discussed. Tensile properties of MD-PMMA at the temperatures of -50EsC, -25EsC, 20EsC, 60EsC, 90EsC were experimentally investigated. The entire deformation processes of PMMA were divided into four stages: elastic stage, viscoelastic stage, yielding stage and post-yielding stage. Strain softening and strain hardening phenomenon occurred in the yielding and post-yielding stage, it was the results of the competition between loading rate and plastic strain rate. A nonlinear model of activation dashpot was constructed, in the model, the evolution rate of plastic deformation was defined by Eyring’s theory, and the actual stress was the difference between external applied stress and internal resistance stress caused by plastic strain. The above activation dashpot serially connected with the standard linear model (SLM) to identify elastic and viscoelastic characteristics. A two iterations integral algorithm was proposed to simplify the inter-coupling between the internal stress and the plastic strain, and the unknown parameters in the model could be easily fitted by the experimental data. This uniform viscoelastic-plastic model was demonstrated that could predict different deformation behaviors at a wide temperature range.
{"title":"A Uniform Viscoelastic-Plastic Constitutive Model for MD-PMMA at a Wide Temperature Range","authors":"W. Liu, W. Zhai","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"The deformation characteristics of MD-PMMA vary greatly at different temperatures. In the paper, whether a uniform model could be used to describe these complex characteristics was discussed. Tensile properties of MD-PMMA at the temperatures of -50EsC, -25EsC, 20EsC, 60EsC, 90EsC were experimentally investigated. The entire deformation processes of PMMA were divided into four stages: elastic stage, viscoelastic stage, yielding stage and post-yielding stage. Strain softening and strain hardening phenomenon occurred in the yielding and post-yielding stage, it was the results of the competition between loading rate and plastic strain rate. A nonlinear model of activation dashpot was constructed, in the model, the evolution rate of plastic deformation was defined by Eyring’s theory, and the actual stress was the difference between external applied stress and internal resistance stress caused by plastic strain. The above activation dashpot serially connected with the standard linear model (SLM) to identify elastic and viscoelastic characteristics. A two iterations integral algorithm was proposed to simplify the inter-coupling between the internal stress and the plastic strain, and the unknown parameters in the model could be easily fitted by the experimental data. This uniform viscoelastic-plastic model was demonstrated that could predict different deformation behaviors at a wide temperature range.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87993677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.1
G. Gowtham, V. Hegde, Simin Meshk, S. Sukrutha, R. Somashekar
Biodegradable Hydroxyl propyl Methyl cellulose based polymer composites of various concentrations were prepared by doping carbon particles of kerosene soot. These composites were synthesized by employing simple solution casting method, to study the physical properties of the same. The analytical studies like XRD, AC conductivity, Tensile strength, Acoustic impedance, AFM and FTIR spectroscopy were carried out to characterize these composites. From the results it is seen that, the amorphous carbon particle disturbs the semi crystalline nature of the polymer by getting interstitial into polymer network. Further, this results in the characteristic changes of other physical parameters like tensile strength and AC conductivity. We have made an attempt to establish a structure property relation of such changes in the physical properties with that of microstructural parameters derived from XRD.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Soot Particles Doped HPMC Polymer Composites","authors":"G. Gowtham, V. Hegde, Simin Meshk, S. Sukrutha, R. Somashekar","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable Hydroxyl propyl Methyl cellulose based polymer composites of various concentrations were prepared by doping carbon particles of kerosene soot. These composites were synthesized by employing simple solution casting method, to study the physical properties of the same. The analytical studies like XRD, AC conductivity, Tensile strength, Acoustic impedance, AFM and FTIR spectroscopy were carried out to characterize these composites. From the results it is seen that, the amorphous carbon particle disturbs the semi crystalline nature of the polymer by getting interstitial into polymer network. Further, this results in the characteristic changes of other physical parameters like tensile strength and AC conductivity. We have made an attempt to establish a structure property relation of such changes in the physical properties with that of microstructural parameters derived from XRD.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"30 5 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83601541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.4
R. Akhmetkhanov, I. Gabitov, A. G. Mustafin, V. Zakharov, G. Zaikov
Kinetic regularities of thermooxidative dehydrochlorination of rigid and plasticized PVC in the presence of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil have been studied. The high antioxidant efficacy of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil in the process of polymer degradation has been revealed. It is shown that the studied uracil significantly slows down the process of accumulation of hydroperoxides in oxidation of dioctyl phthalate the plasticizer of PVC, which is the cause of a significant slowdown in the rate of decomposition of the plasticized polymer.
{"title":"5-Hydroxy-6-Methyluracil as a Polyvinyl Chloride Stabilizer","authors":"R. Akhmetkhanov, I. Gabitov, A. G. Mustafin, V. Zakharov, G. Zaikov","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic regularities of thermooxidative dehydrochlorination of rigid and plasticized PVC in the presence of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil have been studied. The high antioxidant efficacy of 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil in the process of polymer degradation has been revealed. It is shown that the studied uracil significantly slows down the process of accumulation of hydroperoxides in oxidation of dioctyl phthalate the plasticizer of PVC, which is the cause of a significant slowdown in the rate of decomposition of the plasticized polymer.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"123-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81623961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.3
S. Moulay
Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, stands as one of the best polymer candidates as far as polymeric materials are strongly sought for in our today’s life. Functionalization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) remains an appropriate way to fashion materials for specific applications. Molecules of different functionalities and sizes, up to macromolecules, were affixed to PVC matrix. Graft polymerization led to functionalized PVC with several properties for different applications. Some covalently modified PVCs, mainly with heteroatom-containing and cyclic molecules, proved to be biologically active and efficient scaffolds for enzyme/protein immobilization. Suitable functionalizations of PVC even ensured the effectiveness of the polymers as separative, ion-selective electrode, and fuel cell membranes. Some modifying agents incorporated in PVC made the polymeric materials convenient and reliable for solar cells design. Reactions of PVC with metal chelating molecules engendered PVC-metal complexes that were efficient polymer-supported catalysts for Heck, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. Heavy metal sorbents were also made by tailored functionalization of PVC. Modifications of PVC with allotropic carbon nanoparticles, including fullerene C 60 , carbon nanotubes, and graphene and their applications in the nanocomposites making are herein discussed. The newly emerged “click chemistry†and “living controlled radical polymerization, LCRP†were exploited in the functionalization of poly(vinyl chloride).
{"title":"Covalent Functionalizations of Poly(vinyl chloride) in Tune with Applications: An Update","authors":"S. Moulay","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, stands as one of the best polymer candidates as far as polymeric materials are strongly sought for in our today’s life. Functionalization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) remains an appropriate way to fashion materials for specific applications. Molecules of different functionalities and sizes, up to macromolecules, were affixed to PVC matrix. Graft polymerization led to functionalized PVC with several properties for different applications. Some covalently modified PVCs, mainly with heteroatom-containing and cyclic molecules, proved to be biologically active and efficient scaffolds for enzyme/protein immobilization. Suitable functionalizations of PVC even ensured the effectiveness of the polymers as separative, ion-selective electrode, and fuel cell membranes. Some modifying agents incorporated in PVC made the polymeric materials convenient and reliable for solar cells design. Reactions of PVC with metal chelating molecules engendered PVC-metal complexes that were efficient polymer-supported catalysts for Heck, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. Heavy metal sorbents were also made by tailored functionalization of PVC. Modifications of PVC with allotropic carbon nanoparticles, including fullerene C 60 , carbon nanotubes, and graphene and their applications in the nanocomposites making are herein discussed. The newly emerged “click chemistry†and “living controlled radical polymerization, LCRP†were exploited in the functionalization of poly(vinyl chloride).","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"79-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82318773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-17DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.01.5
Yun-jun Luo, Kezhu Mao, M. Xia
The effects of two binders (PET and HTPB) on thermal decomposition characteristics of Ammonium Perchlorate were studied by TG-FTIR, DSC and SEM. When Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) mixes with AP, there is no obvious mutual effect in the process of heating, but it happen in the other way when Hydroxyl-terminated random copolyether (PET) mixes with AP. During the heating process of PET-AP mixture, the decomposition of PET occur in advance significantly, so that the porous structure of AP at the low-temperature decomposition stage becomes more significant, the total amount of heat released increases significantly, and the weight-loss ratio of AP about the two stages increases to about 2:1. During the thermal decomposition, the heat release and N 2 O gas production of PET-AP mixture is milder than the HTPB-AP, which is more conducive to the insensitive properties of propellant.
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