Pub Date : 2018-05-07DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.1
T. Tanaka, Itsuki Kato, K. Okoshi
The segregation of spherical molecules (squalane) between the smectic layers of rod-like polymers (polysilanes) with narrow molecular weight distributions were investigated by synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SR-SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the effect of the polymer side chain length on the segregation. It has been theoretically predicted that the smectic phase of the rod-like particles will be stabilized by inserting the spherical particles into the interstitial region between the smectic layers when the diameter of the spherical particles is smaller than that of the rod-like particles whose length is sufficiently long. We found that the segregation of squalane was unaffected by the molecular weight ( M w ) of the polysilane in the range of 9,200-44,100 g/mol, and the diameter of the polysilane showed the optimal size of 5.64 nm for the segregation of squalane whose diameter is 6.57 nm although the origin of these inconsistencies between theory and experiment is currently not clear.
{"title":"Effect of Side Chain Length on Segregation of Squalane between Smectic Layers Formed by Rod-Like Polysilanes","authors":"T. Tanaka, Itsuki Kato, K. Okoshi","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"The segregation of spherical molecules (squalane) between the smectic layers of rod-like polymers (polysilanes) with narrow molecular weight distributions were investigated by synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SR-SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the effect of the polymer side chain length on the segregation. It has been theoretically predicted that the smectic phase of the rod-like particles will be stabilized by inserting the spherical particles into the interstitial region between the smectic layers when the diameter of the spherical particles is smaller than that of the rod-like particles whose length is sufficiently long. We found that the segregation of squalane was unaffected by the molecular weight ( M w ) of the polysilane in the range of 9,200-44,100 g/mol, and the diameter of the polysilane showed the optimal size of 5.64 nm for the segregation of squalane whose diameter is 6.57 nm although the origin of these inconsistencies between theory and experiment is currently not clear.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-07DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.3
K. G. Pradeepa, G. M. Shashidhara
The Polyamide 6 (PA6) / Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blends of different compositions (80/20, 60/40 and 50/50) were prepared by melt mixing in a Haake Rheomixer. The selected blend systems (80/20 and 60/40) were modified with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and tertiary butyl cumyl peroxide (TBCP). The dynamic mechanical properties of blends were systematically investigated with special reference to the effect of blend ratio and effect of presence of peroxide over a temperature range -20°C to 110°C. The effect of change in the composition of the polymer blends on tan ? was studied to understand the damping characteristics. The mean field theory developed by Kerner has been used to estimate the dynamic properties and the estimated values are compared with the experimental values. The loss tangent curve of the blend exhibited single transition peak corresponding to the glass transition temperature (T g ) of Polyamide 6. Kerner model was found to satisfactorily predict the viscoelastic properties of the blends with polyamide content in the range 50 to 80 wt% assuming PA6 as matrix and for all compositions except 80/20 assuming PVOH as matrix. The Kerner model predictions for the selected blend systems with peroxides are not satisfactory and the co-continuous morphology of the peroxide treated blends were revealed by SEM observations.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Experimental and Kerner Model Predictions of Viscoelastic Properties of Polyamide 6/ Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends","authors":"K. G. Pradeepa, G. M. Shashidhara","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Polyamide 6 (PA6) / Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) blends of different compositions (80/20, 60/40 and 50/50) were prepared by melt mixing in a Haake Rheomixer. The selected blend systems (80/20 and 60/40) were modified with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and tertiary butyl cumyl peroxide (TBCP). The dynamic mechanical properties of blends were systematically investigated with special reference to the effect of blend ratio and effect of presence of peroxide over a temperature range -20°C to 110°C. The effect of change in the composition of the polymer blends on tan ? was studied to understand the damping characteristics. The mean field theory developed by Kerner has been used to estimate the dynamic properties and the estimated values are compared with the experimental values. The loss tangent curve of the blend exhibited single transition peak corresponding to the glass transition temperature (T g ) of Polyamide 6. Kerner model was found to satisfactorily predict the viscoelastic properties of the blends with polyamide content in the range 50 to 80 wt% assuming PA6 as matrix and for all compositions except 80/20 assuming PVOH as matrix. The Kerner model predictions for the selected blend systems with peroxides are not satisfactory and the co-continuous morphology of the peroxide treated blends were revealed by SEM observations.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89012623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-05DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.2
C. A. Idibie, K. J. Awatefe, R. O. Ogboru
Study on the electrical energy generated from a single fuel cell using a synthesized solid electrolyte membrane from polyisoprene that was impregnated with carbonanotubes was carried out. The initial functionalization of the polymer yielded an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 4.04, 7.82, 11.1 and 15.53 mmol/g with their corresponding degrees of sulphonation (DS) of 10.93, 21.1, 30.03 and 42.02 %, respectively. The later but highest DS achieved water uptake of 49.23 wt % and proton conductivities of 4.3 x 10 -3 , 1.2 x 10 -3 and 2.6 x 10 -2 S/cm for membrane of thickness 250, 215 and 120 mm, respectively. The performance testing of the membrane in a single fuel cell achieved an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 647.23 mV with the synthesised membrane of 35 wt % catalyst loading, 589.79 mV and 410.48 mV of 25 wt % and 15 wt % catalyst loading, respectively at constant DS (42.02 %). Their corresponding power densities achieved were 68.67, 49.20 and 35.83 Mw/cm 2 , respectively. Thus the functionalization of polyisoprene impregnated with carbon nanotubes through the process of sulphonation with chlorosulphonic acid resulted into the development of solid polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application.
采用碳纳米管浸渍聚异戊二烯合成固体电解质膜，研究了单燃料电池产生电能的方法。聚合物初始功能化得到的离子交换容量(IEC)分别为4.04、7.82、11.1和15.53 mmol/g，相应的磺化度(DS)分别为10.93、21.1、30.03和42.02%。对于厚度为250、215和120 mm的膜，较后但最高的DS分别达到49.23% wt %的吸水率和4.3 x 10 -3、1.2 x 10 -3和2.6 x 10 -2 S/cm的质子电导率。该膜在单个燃料电池上的性能测试，在恒定DS(42.02%)下，催化剂负载为35 wt %时，合成膜的开路电压(OCV)为647.23 mV，催化剂负载为25 wt %和15 wt %时，合成膜的开路电压分别为589.79 mV和410.48 mV。相应的功率密度分别为68.67、49.20和35.83 Mw/ cm2。因此，将碳纳米管浸渍的聚异戊二烯通过氯磺酸磺化过程进行功能化，从而开发了用于燃料电池的固体聚合物电解质膜。
{"title":"Generation of Energy from a Single Fuel Cell Using Synthesized Solid Electrolyte Membrane from Functionalized Polyisoprene/ Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"C. A. Idibie, K. J. Awatefe, R. O. Ogboru","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Study on the electrical energy generated from a single fuel cell using a synthesized solid electrolyte membrane from polyisoprene that was impregnated with carbonanotubes was carried out. The initial functionalization of the polymer yielded an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 4.04, 7.82, 11.1 and 15.53 mmol/g with their corresponding degrees of sulphonation (DS) of 10.93, 21.1, 30.03 and 42.02 %, respectively. The later but highest DS achieved water uptake of 49.23 wt % and proton conductivities of 4.3 x 10 -3 , 1.2 x 10 -3 and 2.6 x 10 -2 S/cm for membrane of thickness 250, 215 and 120 mm, respectively. The performance testing of the membrane in a single fuel cell achieved an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 647.23 mV with the synthesised membrane of 35 wt % catalyst loading, 589.79 mV and 410.48 mV of 25 wt % and 15 wt % catalyst loading, respectively at constant DS (42.02 %). Their corresponding power densities achieved were 68.67, 49.20 and 35.83 Mw/cm 2 , respectively. Thus the functionalization of polyisoprene impregnated with carbon nanotubes through the process of sulphonation with chlorosulphonic acid resulted into the development of solid polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77379289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.2
Khandaker Umaiya, A. Chowdhury, R. Khan
Abstract: Antibacterial facial tissue papers were prepared by solution casting method with chitosan loaded bleached cellulosic pulp. Chitosan, in the film act as an antibacterial agent. Tissue paper films were fabricated by 50% cellulose and 50% chitosan (by weight, dry basis). Mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. It was found that tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the 50% chitosan contain films were 24 MPa and 10.8% respectively. To increase the plasticity of the tissue paper films glycerin was added 0.4 to 2% (by weight). It was found that with the incorporation of 1% glycerin in the tissue paper films the flexibility increased to 50%. Molecular interaction due to the chitosan addition was investigated by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Water uptake property of glycerin contains films were also evaluated. In the soil medium, the degradation properties of the tissue paper films were carried out. The antibacterial property of the tissue paper was evaluated by disk diffusion method.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Antibacterial and Biodegradable Facial Tissue Papers Using Bio-Based Raw Materials: Effect of Glycerin","authors":"Khandaker Umaiya, A. Chowdhury, R. Khan","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Antibacterial facial tissue papers were prepared by solution casting method with chitosan loaded bleached cellulosic pulp. Chitosan, in the film act as an antibacterial agent. Tissue paper films were fabricated by 50% cellulose and 50% chitosan (by weight, dry basis). Mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. It was found that tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the 50% chitosan contain films were 24 MPa and 10.8% respectively. To increase the plasticity of the tissue paper films glycerin was added 0.4 to 2% (by weight). It was found that with the incorporation of 1% glycerin in the tissue paper films the flexibility increased to 50%. Molecular interaction due to the chitosan addition was investigated by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Water uptake property of glycerin contains films were also evaluated. In the soil medium, the degradation properties of the tissue paper films were carried out. The antibacterial property of the tissue paper was evaluated by disk diffusion method.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90715612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.1
Aashis S. Roy, Praveen C Ramamurthy
Abstract: This work proposes a technique for isolation of bacteria using magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles that are prepared by a sol-gel method using citric acid and nano-ferrites are characterized for structural and morphology by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The prepared nano-ferrites coated with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) over platinum electrode are used for detection of Bacillus Cereus. The isolated bacterial cells from colloidal solution are treated with zinc ferrite for 12 h, and it is observed that the cells are coagulated with the nanoparticle when allowed to settle down. This is further filtered by different size of filter paper to get less than 0.1% of cells in water. Various electrochemical parameters like cyclovoltammetry (CV), sweep step function, Tafel plot, AC impedance are studied employing the modified platinum electrode. It is observed through CV graph that the peaks are formed at -0.25 V due to the oxidation of bacterial cells, which is further supported by sweep step function graph. Therefore, this is one of the economically efficient techniques to detect and isolate the Bacillus cereus from a colloidal solution.
{"title":"Direct Impedimetric Detection and Isolation of Bacillus Cereus using Modified Platinum Electrode","authors":"Aashis S. Roy, Praveen C Ramamurthy","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This work proposes a technique for isolation of bacteria using magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles that are prepared by a sol-gel method using citric acid and nano-ferrites are characterized for structural and morphology by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The prepared nano-ferrites coated with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) over platinum electrode are used for detection of Bacillus Cereus. The isolated bacterial cells from colloidal solution are treated with zinc ferrite for 12 h, and it is observed that the cells are coagulated with the nanoparticle when allowed to settle down. This is further filtered by different size of filter paper to get less than 0.1% of cells in water. Various electrochemical parameters like cyclovoltammetry (CV), sweep step function, Tafel plot, AC impedance are studied employing the modified platinum electrode. It is observed through CV graph that the peaks are formed at -0.25 V due to the oxidation of bacterial cells, which is further supported by sweep step function graph. Therefore, this is one of the economically efficient techniques to detect and isolate the Bacillus cereus from a colloidal solution.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91291610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.4
H. M. Ali
Abstract: Composite materials are widely used materials in many industrial applications due to their superior properties. Machining of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to the anisotropic and non-homogeneous structures of composites and are mostly prepared in laminate form before undergoing the machining process. Machining of these materials is inevitable although they are manufactured to near net shape. This becomes more important when new product designs and shapes poses tougher dimensional and performance constraints like surface finish, dimensional tolerances & material removal rate etc. Thus many researchers in the past have attempted to study the machining of composite materials to know the effect of various process parameters upon the quality of machining characteristics. In this paper an overview of the various issues involved in the machining of the main types of composite materials is presented. Literature review reveals that current research focuses on the traditional machining of glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics to reduce or eliminate the problem of delamination and dimensional accuracy.
{"title":"A Review Study on the Traditional Machining of Composite Materials","authors":"H. M. Ali","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Composite materials are widely used materials in many industrial applications due to their superior properties. Machining of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to the anisotropic and non-homogeneous structures of composites and are mostly prepared in laminate form before undergoing the machining process. Machining of these materials is inevitable although they are manufactured to near net shape. This becomes more important when new product designs and shapes poses tougher dimensional and performance constraints like surface finish, dimensional tolerances & material removal rate etc. Thus many researchers in the past have attempted to study the machining of composite materials to know the effect of various process parameters upon the quality of machining characteristics. In this paper an overview of the various issues involved in the machining of the main types of composite materials is presented. Literature review reveals that current research focuses on the traditional machining of glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics to reduce or eliminate the problem of delamination and dimensional accuracy.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84150012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.3
A. Diaconu, A. Rusu, L. Nita, A. Chiriac, I. Neamţu
Abstract: The present investigation presents the synthesis and properties of a new nanogel structure based on poly(itaconic anhydride-co-3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5] undecane) and a low molecular mass gelator, namely riboflavin. The chemical structure of the new network system was confirmed by FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The sensitivity of the new structures was evaluated by determining the hydrodynamic radius in interdependence with environmental conditions. The investigation was realized as nanogels are considered very attractive carrier systems owing to their nanometer-sized dimensions, which allow for holding large amounts of solvent and incorporating specific compounds in their nanoscale three-dimensional polymer networks.
{"title":"Using Riboflavin as Low Molecular Mass Gelator for the Preparation of a New Network Structure Having Spiroacetal Moieties","authors":"A. Diaconu, A. Rusu, L. Nita, A. Chiriac, I. Neamţu","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The present investigation presents the synthesis and properties of a new nanogel structure based on poly(itaconic anhydride-co-3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5] undecane) and a low molecular mass gelator, namely riboflavin. The chemical structure of the new network system was confirmed by FTIR and 1 H-NMR. The sensitivity of the new structures was evaluated by determining the hydrodynamic radius in interdependence with environmental conditions. The investigation was realized as nanogels are considered very attractive carrier systems owing to their nanometer-sized dimensions, which allow for holding large amounts of solvent and incorporating specific compounds in their nanoscale three-dimensional polymer networks.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88341525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.1
P. Prosini, M. D. Carli, L. D. Seta, M. Carewska, Ivan Fuso Nerini
In this work we propose the use of a hydro-dispersible polymer such as the poly vinyl acetate as a binder for the production of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. To increase the film forming properties of the polymer the poly vinyl was added with triacetin that acts as a plasticizer. The electrochemical stability of the polymer was tested by a polarizing electrode, formed by mixing the polymer with carbon. Subsequently, an electrode tape was prepared by using LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 as the active material and characterized by SEM, EDS and TGA. Lithium metal cells were assembled and tested to evaluate specific capacity, power and energy density at various discharge rates. The cycle life of the cell was evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. The tests showed that the electrodes prepared with PVA plasticized with triacetin have very good electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention as a function of the discharge rate and the cycle number. Our work demonstrates that the use of triacetin to plasticize the PVA allows to increase the electrochemical stability of the electrode likely due to an improvement of the slurry filmability. The proposed method could represent a promising technology for the production of long-term performance lithium batteries.
{"title":"Long-Term Performance of Electrodes Based on Vinyl Acetate Homo-Polymer Binder","authors":"P. Prosini, M. D. Carli, L. D. Seta, M. Carewska, Ivan Fuso Nerini","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we propose the use of a hydro-dispersible polymer such as the poly vinyl acetate as a binder for the production of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. To increase the film forming properties of the polymer the poly vinyl was added with triacetin that acts as a plasticizer. The electrochemical stability of the polymer was tested by a polarizing electrode, formed by mixing the polymer with carbon. Subsequently, an electrode tape was prepared by using LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 as the active material and characterized by SEM, EDS and TGA. Lithium metal cells were assembled and tested to evaluate specific capacity, power and energy density at various discharge rates. The cycle life of the cell was evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. The tests showed that the electrodes prepared with PVA plasticized with triacetin have very good electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention as a function of the discharge rate and the cycle number. Our work demonstrates that the use of triacetin to plasticize the PVA allows to increase the electrochemical stability of the electrode likely due to an improvement of the slurry filmability. The proposed method could represent a promising technology for the production of long-term performance lithium batteries.","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87362675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.4
G. Mahmoud, S. Abdel-Aal, A. Elbayaa, N. Badway, Doaa. F. Ahmed
The composite hydrogels based on rice straw (RS) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or acrylamide (AAm) were successfully prepared by gamma irradiation. The effect of the radiation dose and the monomer content on the gel percent was studied. The composite hydrogels were confirmed by (FTIR), (TGA) and (SEM). It was found that the diffusion of water into the prepared composites was Fickian character. The removal of congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) dyes by (NVP/RS) and (AAm/RS) composite hydrogels were investigated as a function of the pH, contact time, initial dye concentration solution and temperature. It was achieved that the adsorption capacity of (NVP/RS) composite hydrogel towards (CR) and (MO) was higher than (AAm/RS) one. The kinetic data was tested by the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm was closely fitted with the Freundlich model for adsorption of CR and MO onto (NVP/RS) and the Langmuir model for adsorption of the dyes onto (AAm/RS). A high adsorption capacity was obtained in the second adsorption cycle of MO onto the composite hydrogels loaded with CR. Improvement in the adsorption of MO onto (NVP/RS) and (AAm/ RS) composite hydrogels loaded with Co(II).
{"title":"Consecutive Removal of Hazardous Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Composite hydrogels Based on Rice Straw","authors":"G. Mahmoud, S. Abdel-Aal, A. Elbayaa, N. Badway, Doaa. F. Ahmed","doi":"10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.4","url":null,"abstract":"The composite hydrogels based on rice straw (RS) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or acrylamide (AAm) were successfully prepared by gamma irradiation. The effect of the radiation dose and the monomer content on the gel percent was studied. The composite hydrogels were confirmed by (FTIR), (TGA) and (SEM). It was found that the diffusion of water into the prepared composites was Fickian character. The removal of congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) dyes by (NVP/RS) and (AAm/RS) composite hydrogels were investigated as a function of the pH, contact time, initial dye concentration solution and temperature. It was achieved that the adsorption capacity of (NVP/RS) composite hydrogel towards (CR) and (MO) was higher than (AAm/RS) one. The kinetic data was tested by the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm was closely fitted with the Freundlich model for adsorption of CR and MO onto (NVP/RS) and the Langmuir model for adsorption of the dyes onto (AAm/RS). A high adsorption capacity was obtained in the second adsorption cycle of MO onto the composite hydrogels loaded with CR. Improvement in the adsorption of MO onto (NVP/RS) and (AAm/ RS) composite hydrogels loaded with Co(II).","PeriodicalId":16998,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84641245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.6000/1929-5995.2017.06.03.3
Ya Li, W. Zhen
In this study, novel star-shaped polymers of I²-cyclodextrin (I²-CD)–poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), formed from GMA and I²-CD. In addition, the structure, properties and hydrophilicity of the I²-CD-PGMA polymers thus prepared were systematically analyzed. 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (Phen)/I²-CD-PGMA drug-loaded microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation. The optimum preparation conditions were determined by orthogonal tests. Analysis results indicated that the performance of star-shaped polymers of I²-CD-PGMA clearly changes, resulting in the increase of the contact angle from 17° to 72.5°, and their thermal degradation temperature was enhanced from 260 °C to 401 °C. Moreover, I²-CD-PGMA drug-loaded microspheres with a smooth, spherical surface were successfully prepared, and the drug-loading capacity and average particle size of drug-loaded microspheres were 26.67 % and 10 I¼m, respectively. Drug release tests indicated that the release behavior of I²-CD-PGMA drug-loaded microspheres conformed to Higuchi release kinetics, which exhibited a significant drug delivery capability. The release rate and utilization of I²-CD-PGMA were greater than that of I²-CD, demonstrating that I²-CD-PGMA was more suitable as a drug delivery material.
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