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Determination of the Mineral Composition of the Lake Bottom Sediments by X-Ray Diffraction Method and Physico-Chemical Modelling 用x射线衍射法和物理化学模型测定湖底沉积物的矿物组成
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0135
Р.В. Смелый, Елена Канева, А.В. Ощепкова, В.А. Бычинский, Т.С. Айсуева, А А Щетников, Г.В. Пашкова, И.С. Якимов, А.Л. Финкельштейн, R. Smelyy, E. Kaneva, A. Oshchepkova, V. Bychinskii, T. S. Aisueva, Aleksandr А. Shchetnikov, G. Pashkova, I. Yakimov, Aleksandr L. Finkelshtein
The paper reports comparison of three approaches to define the contents of minerals and mineral groups in the carbonate-silicate lake bottom sediments. The two approaches are based on the method of X-ray powder diffraction. The first one treats with the Rietveld Method in the software DIFFRAC Plus diffractometer D8 Advance (PDF-2 database). The second one uses the method of reference intensities (corundum ratios) and optimization of the model powder patterns from the X-ray phase standards of PDF-2 database and equations of the element balance with regularization of the least square functional. The third approach of physic-chemical modeling selects probable single mineral and multi-component phases through modelling the sold solutions, and it uses the data on the element composition obtained by XRF technique, as well as the data of X-ray diffraction on the qualitative mineral composition. Thirty samples of bottom sediment cores taken in the Zun-Torey Lake in East Siberia were analyzed by the three approaches described herein. The contents of mineral groups (feldspars, quartz, clay minerals and carbonates) varied within the range 10-40 mass %. The discrepancies between obtained results show the standard deviation ranging from 2 to 9 mass %. A relative standard deviation commonly provides the value below 30 %, so such determinations could be considered quantitative ones. With regard to the acquired data, it is hard to prefer this or that approach. Available data was employed to assess the error of X-ray phase powder analysis in measuring the abundance of mineral groups in the carbonate-silicate sedimentary rocks in the absence of reference materials to compare with certified mineral composition
本文报道了确定碳酸盐-硅酸盐湖底沉积物中矿物和矿物群含量的三种方法的比较。这两种方法都是基于x射线粉末衍射法。第一个是用软件DIFFRAC Plus衍射仪D8 Advance (PDF-2数据库)中的Rietveld方法进行处理。第二种方法采用参考强度(刚玉比)的方法,从PDF-2数据库的x射线相标准和最小二乘泛函正则化的元素平衡方程中优化模型粉末图案。第三种方法是物理化学建模,通过对出售溶液进行建模,选择可能的单矿物和多组分相,并利用XRF技术获得的元素组成数据和x射线衍射数据对矿物组成进行定性分析。本文采用三种方法对东西伯利亚Zun-Torey湖的30个底泥岩心样品进行了分析。矿物群(长石、石英、粘土矿物和碳酸盐)的含量在10 ~ 40质量%之间变化。所得结果之间的差异表明,标准偏差范围为2 ~ 9质量%。相对标准偏差通常提供低于30%的值,因此这种测定可以被认为是定量的。对于所获得的数据,很难选择这种或那种方法。利用现有的数据,评估了x射线相粉末分析在没有标准物质的情况下测量碳酸盐-硅酸盐沉积岩中矿物群丰度的误差,以与认证的矿物组成进行比较
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引用次数: 2
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of CMK-3 with Particles of Nickel, Cobalt and Copper 含镍、钴、铜颗粒CMK-3的合成及其电化学性能
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0136
Yulia N. Zaitseva, S. Novikova, V. Parfenov
Mesostructured carbon material CMK-3 for electrodes of electrochemical capacitors was obtained by the method of template synthesis. In order to increase the capacitance characteristics, impregnation of metal ions (Co, Ni, and Cu) into the structure of mesoporous carbon CMK-3 was carried out. The structure of the obtained materials was studied by X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption. The study by TEM showed that highly dispersed, nanosized particles are metal oxides Co, Ni and Cu with the size of 30-50 nm. The particles are uniformly distributed inside the carbon material. Electrochemical characteristics were studied in aqueous electrolytes (1M KCl and 1M KOH). It has been established that the impregnation of metal ions increases in the specific capacity of the mesoporous carbon material by about 30 % (from 110 to 156 F/g) in KOH
采用模板合成的方法制备了电化学电容器电极用介结构碳材料CMK-3。为了提高介孔碳CMK-3的电容特性,将金属离子(Co、Ni和Cu)浸渍到介孔碳CMK-3结构中。用x射线衍射和气体吸附研究了所得材料的结构。TEM研究表明,纳米颗粒为Co、Ni、Cu等金属氧化物,粒径为30 ~ 50 nm。颗粒均匀地分布在碳材料内部。研究了水溶液(1M KCl和1M KOH)中的电化学特性。结果表明,金属离子的浸渍使介孔碳材料在KOH中的比容量提高了约30%(从110到156 F/g)
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引用次数: 2
The Complexation of Silver (I) ion with 18-Crown-6 Ether in Water and Some Polar Aprotic Solvents 银(I)离子与18-冠-6醚在水及极性非质子溶剂中的络合作用
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0134
Denis A. Feofanov, Maxim Yu. Penin, Oleg A. Epov, P. V. Fabinskii
The process of complexation of silver (I) ions with 18-crown-6 ether in some polar water-aproton solvents at a constant temperature of 308К was studied by direct potentiometric titration. The stability constants of the resulting complex are determined depending on the molar fraction from 0.2 to 0.8 dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide in the composition of the mixed solvent. It is shown that, despite the same nature of the co-solvents, they have the opposite effect on the stability constant of the complex due to the instability of DMF in an acidic medium and when heated. It is noted that the studied reaction is exothermic and the temperature increase reduces the stability of the studied complexes
用直接电位滴定法研究了银(I)离子与18-冠-6醚在一些极性水-质子溶剂中在308К恒温下的络合过程。所得到的配合物的稳定性常数取决于混合溶剂组成中二甲亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺的摩尔分数从0.2到0.8。结果表明,尽管共溶剂的性质相同,但由于DMF在酸性介质中和加热时的不稳定性,它们对配合物的稳定常数有相反的影响。注意到所研究的反应是放热的,温度的升高降低了所研究的配合物的稳定性
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引用次数: 0
Acidity Study of Donor-Acceptor Complexes of Boric Acid with Polyols for Oil Displacing Compositions 硼酸与多元醇供体-受体配合物的酸性研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0133
V. Kuvshinov, L. Altunina, L. A. Stasieva, I. Kuvshinov
The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the acidity of donor-acceptor complexes of boric acid with polyols – glycerol and sorbitol, which were used in the development of oil-displacing compositions, are presented. A model of donor-acceptor acid-base equilibria in coordinating polyol solvents has been created, due to which the constants of polyolboric acids formation and ionization were determined by pH-meter and electrical conductivity methods. The obtained constant values were used to calculate the compositions buffer capacity. Due to the using a mixture of polyolboric acids in the compositions at various ratios it was possible to regulate the range of the buffer action
本文介绍了硼酸与多元醇甘油和山梨糖醇的供受体配合物的酸度的理论和实验研究结果,这些配合物已用于开发驱油组合物。建立了配位多元醇溶剂中供体-受体酸碱平衡模型,通过ph计和电导率法测定了多硼酸的形成常数和电离常数。得到的常数值用于计算组合物的缓冲容量。由于在组合物中以不同比例使用多硼酸的混合物,可以调节缓冲作用的范围
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引用次数: 2
Halide and Thiocyanate Metal Acid Complexes Extraction in the Water – Ethoxylated Nonylphenol – Ammonium Sulfate System 水-乙氧基化壬基酚-硫酸铵体系中卤化物和硫氰酸金属酸配合物的萃取
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0130
A. Stankova, A. Elokhov, A. E. Lesnov
Nonionic ethoxylated surfactants, including ethoxylated nonylphenols, can be considered as neutral oxygen-containing extraction reagents, the formation of delamination systems with which is possible when salting-out with inorganic salts. In this work, the distribution of halide and thiocyanate acid complexes of thallium (III), iron (III), indium and gallium in the water – ethoxylated nonylphenol (neonol AF 9-12) – ammonium sulfate system at 25°C was investigated. It is established that thallium (III) is quantitatively extracted in the form of tetrahalidetallate-ion with an acidity of more than 0.1 mol/l, extraction of other metals is not quantitative. Among the thiocyanate acid complexes, zinc, cobalt and copper (II) are quantitatively concentrated, which can be used for group concentration of these metals or their extraction-spectrophotometric determination methods
非离子型乙氧基化表面活性剂,包括乙氧基化壬基酚,可以被认为是中性含氧萃取试剂,当用无机盐盐化时,可以形成分层体系。本文研究了铊(III)、铁(III)、铟和镓的卤化物和硫氰酸配合物在25℃水-乙氧基化壬基酚(neonol AF 9-12) -硫酸铵体系中的分布。确定铊(III)以四卤化物离子形式定量提取,酸度大于0.1 mol/l,其他金属不能定量提取。硫氰酸配合物中对锌、钴、铜(II)进行了定量浓缩,可用于这些金属的基团浓度或它们的萃取-分光光度测定方法
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Features of Sorption of N-Buthylxanthate and Dibuthyldixanthogen Onto Metallic Supports and Rutile Using in situ Atomic Force Spectroscopy n -丁基黄药和二丁基黄药在金属载体和金红石上吸附特性的原位原子力光谱比较研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0131
A. Karacharov, M. Likhatski
An interaction of potassium buthylxanthate and of dibuthyldixanthogen with metallic Ti, stainless steel and α-TiO2 surfaces was studied. Contact angle measurements by sessile drop technique showed that the treatment of initial substrate surfaces with potassium buthylxanthate aqueous solution or with dibuthyldixanthogen emulsion render them more hydrophobic. Using in situ atomic force spectroscopy, the sorption of surface active substances was shown to give rise to an increase in both adhesive force magnitude and the range within it acts at the approach of cantilever tip to the surface of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic samples. The maximum of both adhesive force and their range, up to 150 nm, took place in case of retract of cantilever tip from sample surface. Force curves are steeper, which related with the formation of nanobubbles on the surfaces of samples under study arising the longrange hydrophobic force of capillary origin. Dibuthyldixanthogen exhibited highly-active reagent properties inducing the formation of nanoscale gas structures on both hydrophobic and, in less extent, hydrophilic surfaces
研究了丁基黄药钾和二丁基黄药与金属Ti、不锈钢和α-TiO2表面的相互作用。用固滴法测量接触角结果表明,用丁基黄药钾水溶液或二丁基黄药乳状液处理初始底物表面,使底物具有更强的疏水性。利用原位原子力光谱,表面活性物质的吸附被证明会增加粘附力的大小和其范围内的作用在接近悬臂尖到疏水和亲水样品的表面。当悬臂顶端从样品表面缩回时,其粘附力和粘附范围均达到最大,最大可达150nm。力曲线更陡峭,这与研究样品表面纳米气泡的形成引起毛细源的远程疏水力有关。二丁基二氧原表现出高活性的试剂性质,在疏水表面和在较小程度上的亲水表面上都能形成纳米级气体结构
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引用次数: 1
Characteristics of the Narrow Fractions of Fly Ash Microspheres as the Basis of Light-Weight High-Strength Materials 作为轻质高强材料基础的粉煤灰微球窄组分特性研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0123
E. S. Rogovenko, O. A. Kushnerova, E. Fomenko
The narrow fractions of microspheres with a size of −0.4 + 0.2 mm with a low bulk density in the range of 0.34–0.64 g/cm3 were separated from cenosphere concentrates of fly ashes and fly ash from local selection obtained from pulverized coal combustion. The main components of the chemical composition in obtained narrow fractions are SiO2 – 55–66 and Al2O3 – 21–40 wt. %. The part of amorphous glass phase are 63–93, the mullite phase are 1–34, the quartz phase are 2–8 and the calcite phase are 0–1 wt. %. It is found that microspheres, characterized by maximum values of bulk density 0.64 g/cm3 and apparent thickness of the shell 20 μm, has the best strength properties. The successive twofold compressive loading the particles by increased strength were selected, for which the values of bulk density and apparent shell thickness increased to 0.86 g/cm3 and 29 μm, respectively. It is shown that the spheres with the single-ring structure are primarily subjected to destruction; the particles with network and solid structure provide improved strength characteristics of narrow fractions of microspheres
从煤粉燃烧得到的飞灰和局部精选飞灰的空心球精矿中分离出粒径为−0.4 + 0.2 mm、容重较低的微球窄组分,容重范围为0.34 ~ 0.64 g/cm3。所得窄馏分的主要化学成分为SiO2 - 55-66和Al2O3 - 21-40 wt. %。部分非晶玻璃相为63 ~ 93,莫来石相为1 ~ 34,石英相为2 ~ 8,方解石相为0 ~ 1 wt %。结果表明,微球的容重最大值为0.64 g/cm3,外壳表观厚度为20 μm,具有最佳的强度性能。选择连续两次增加强度的压缩加载,颗粒的容重和表观壳厚分别增加到0.86 g/cm3和29 μm。结果表明,单环结构的球体主要受到破坏;具有网状和固体结构的颗粒改善了微球窄组分的强度特性
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引用次数: 1
Study of Organosolv Lignins by Methods of FTIR and NMR Spectroscopy 有机溶剂型木质素的FTIR和NMR研究
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0119
A. Levdansky, A. Kondrasenko, Y. Malyar, V. Levdansky, B. Kuznetsov
The analysis of the literature on the spectral methods of lignins study was carried out. The most suitable spectral methods for elucidating the structural features of soluble organosolv lignins were selected. The possibilities of FTIR, 1Н NMR, 13С NMR and 2D HSQC NMR methods were demonstrated on the example of studying the structure of ethanollignins obtained from fir and aspen wood. It was established that fir and aspen lignins are G type and GS type lignins, respectively. The HSQC spectra analysis demonstrated a presence of β–O–4′, β–β′, β–5′ linkages in the ethanollignins. It was found that β–O–4′ linkages in ethanollignins from fir and aspen were partially acylated with ethoxy groups in the α-position
对木质素光谱法研究的文献进行了分析。对水溶性有机溶质木质素的结构特征进行了光谱分析。以杉木和杨木乙醇木质素为研究对象,验证了FTIR、1Н NMR、13С NMR和二维HSQC NMR方法的可行性。结果表明,杉木和杨木的木质素分别为G型和GS型。HSQC光谱分析表明乙醇脂素中存在β - o - 4′、β -β′、β - 5′键。研究发现,杉木和杨木乙醇木质素中的β-O-4′键被α-位置的乙氧基部分酰化
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引用次数: 3
The Effect of Heterogeneous Doping on Transport Properties of Lanthanum Dimolybdate 非均相掺杂对二钼酸镧输运性质的影响
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0120
G. Partin, I. Animitsa, N. Kochetova
A heterogeneous doping method was used for the first time to modify the transport properties of the oxygen-ion conductor La(2)Mo(2)O(9). The effect of temperature and oxygen partial pressure in the gas phase on conductivity of the obtained composite {0.85La2Mo2O9–0.15La2Mo3O12} was studied. Introduction of 15 mol. % an inert low-conductive additional phase La(2)Mo(3)O(12) results in an increase in conductivity of the matrix phase by nearly 1 orders of magnitude. It is associated with appearance of a composite effect. However, there is no suppression of the α-La(2)Mo(2)O(9)↔β-La(2) Mo(2)O(9) phase transition. It is shown that the conductivity type of both lanthanum dimolybdate and composite based on it is predominantly ionic in the wide range of oxygen partial pressures
首次采用非均相掺杂的方法对氧离子导体La(2)Mo(2)O(9)的输运性质进行了修饰。研究了气相温度和氧分压对复合材料{0.85La2Mo2O9-0.15La2Mo3O12}电导率的影响。引入15mol . %的惰性低导电性附加相La(2)Mo(3)O(12),使基体相的导电性提高了近1个数量级。它与复合效果的外观有关。然而,对α-La(2)Mo(2)O(9)↔β-La(2) Mo(2)O(9)相变无抑制作用。结果表明,在较宽的氧分压范围内,二钼酸镧及其复合材料的电导率类型均以离子型为主
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引用次数: 1
Synthesis of LaCoO₃in Mild Hydrothermal Conditions 温和水热条件下LaCoO₃的合成
IF 0.4 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.17516/1998-2836-0117
E. V. Dokuchits, A. N. Tafilevich, N. V. Shtertser, T. Minyukova
Regularities of formation of LaCoO3 oxide with a perovskite-type structure from precursors obtained by the citrate method and the original deposition method under conditions of mild hydrothermal synthesis using organic templates: ethylene glycol, D-glucose, D-galactose and D-fructose are considered. The proposed method of synthesis provides the necessary homogenization of cations in the resulting precursor compound and the homogeneous nature of the oxide compound. The absence at the final stage of the synthesis of reducing conditions makes it possible to further modify the formed perovskite with noble metals
研究了在温和水热合成条件下,以乙二醇、d -葡萄糖、d -半乳糖和d -果糖为有机模板,柠檬酸盐法和原始沉积法得到的前驱体形成钙钛矿型结构LaCoO3氧化物的规律。所提出的合成方法提供了在所得到的前驱体化合物中阳离子的必要均质化和氧化物化合物的均质性。在合成的最后阶段缺乏还原条件,使得用贵金属进一步修饰形成的钙钛矿成为可能
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry
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