Journal of Rural Studies最新文献_第3页

Challenges facing agricultural cooperatives in Mediterranean countries 地中海国家农业合作社面临的挑战

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104004

Constantine Iliopoulos , Irini Theodorakopoulou , Manuel Gonzalez Diaz , Maryline Filippi , Umberto Nizza , Arzu Tektas

Agricultural cooperatives are vital to the Mediterranean region, enhancing farmers' market access, bargaining power, and innovation. However, they face significant challenges threatening their sustainability. This paper examines these challenges in France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Türkiye using a qualitative approach that integrates insights from Solution Hub discussions and interviews with cooperative leaders, experts, and policymakers. It identifies common challenges—governance inefficiencies, financial instability, climate change impacts, and generational renewal—alongside country-specific obstacles shaped by distinct socio-economic, environmental, and political contexts. Governance inefficiencies, including slow decision-making and underrepresentation of women and youth, are pervasive but manifest differently across countries. Financial instability, driven by market volatility and limited credit access, is particularly acute in Greece and Türkiye. Climate change poses serious threats, with France focusing on decarbonization and agro-ecological transitions, while Greece and Türkiye grapple with water scarcity and extreme weather. Demographic shifts, including rural depopulation and an aging workforce, exacerbate these challenges, especially in Italy and Spain. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comparative analysis of Mediterranean agricultural cooperatives, addressing a gap in research that often focuses on single-country studies. It underscores the need for context-specific strategies, recognizing that while some challenges are shared, their intensity and manifestations vary. The findings highlight the crucial role of cooperatives in addressing climate change and rural depopulation—areas often overlooked in the literature. Practical implications include targeted interventions, capacity-building, and supportive legal frameworks to enhance cooperative resilience. By fostering innovation, inclusivity, and regional collaboration, stakeholders can strengthen these essential institutions.

农业合作社对地中海地区至关重要，可以提高农民的市场准入、议价能力和创新能力。然而，它们面临着威胁其可持续性的重大挑战。本文采用定性方法考察了法国、希腊、意大利、西班牙和土耳其面临的这些挑战，该方法整合了解决方案中心讨论的见解以及与合作领导人、专家和政策制定者的访谈。报告指出了治理效率低下、金融不稳定、气候变化影响和代际更新等共同挑战，以及由不同的社会经济、环境和政治背景形成的各国特有障碍。治理效率低下，包括决策缓慢和妇女和青年代表性不足，普遍存在，但各国表现不同。由市场波动和信贷渠道有限造成的金融不稳定，在希腊和希腊尤为严重。气候变化带来了严重威胁，法国专注于脱碳和农业生态转型，而希腊和冰岛则在努力应对缺水和极端天气。人口结构变化，包括农村人口减少和劳动力老龄化，加剧了这些挑战，尤其是在意大利和西班牙。本研究通过对地中海农业合作社进行比较分析，弥补了通常侧重于单一国家研究的研究空白，从而为文献做出了贡献。它强调需要根据具体情况制定战略，认识到虽然有些挑战是共同的，但其强度和表现各不相同。研究结果强调了合作社在应对气候变化和农村人口减少方面的关键作用，这些领域在文献中经常被忽视。实际影响包括有针对性的干预措施、能力建设和支持性法律框架，以增强合作复原力。通过促进创新、包容和区域合作，利益攸关方可以加强这些重要机构。

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引用次数: 0

Demand for veterinary services in Cambodia: Determining factors and differing roles of service providers 柬埔寨对兽医服务的需求：决定因素和服务提供者的不同作用

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104008

Justin McKinley , Katherine Gilbert , Sothoeun Suon , Phalmony Has , Sreytouch Vong , Barbara McPake

Effective veterinary services are crucial for protecting public health and agricultural livelihoods, especially in low- and middle-income countries where livestock is a crucial economic asset to households. This study investigates the demand for veterinary services among smallholder livestock producers in Cambodia, determining factors that influence service utilisation, and the differing roles of service providers. Data collectors interviewed 1528 smallholder livestock keeping households across ten provinces of Cambodia. The study utilised multivariate probit models to analyse key determinants influencing service utilisation patterns, including accessibility, socio-economic variables, livestock type, and perceptions. Accessibility and utilisation of veterinary services remain low, with only 49.4 % of households reporting access to any provider, and only 18.5 % reporting use of services in the last year. Village Animal Health Workers (VAHWs) are the most accessible (36.1 %) and most used (12.4 %) service providers. Poultry is the most raised livestock (86 %) by households but remains critically underserved despite its importance to household food security and zoonotic disease prevention. Only 15 % of veterinary services were delivered to poultry. These results highlight the pivotal role played by VAHWs in the veterinary health system as the most accessible and frequently used veterinary service providers. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of strengthening the veterinary health system by improving VAHW capacity and enhancing service accessibility, particularly for underserved livestock like poultry. These interventions are crucial for mitigating zoonotic disease risks and aligning with the One Health approach to veterinary public health.

有效的兽医服务对于保护公众健康和农业生计至关重要，特别是在牲畜是家庭重要经济资产的低收入和中等收入国家。本研究调查了柬埔寨小农畜牧业生产者对兽医服务的需求，确定了影响服务利用的因素，以及服务提供者的不同角色。数据收集人员采访了柬埔寨10个省的1528个小农户。该研究利用多变量概率模型分析了影响服务利用模式的关键决定因素，包括可及性、社会经济变量、牲畜类型和观念。兽医服务的可及性和利用率仍然很低，只有49.4%的家庭报告获得了任何提供者的服务，只有18.5%的家庭报告去年使用了服务。乡村动物卫生工作者（VAHWs）是最容易获得（36.1%）和使用最多（12.4%）的服务提供者。家禽是家庭饲养最多的牲畜（86%），但尽管它对家庭粮食安全和人畜共患疾病预防很重要，但仍然严重缺乏服务。只有15%的兽医服务提供给家禽。这些结果突出了vahw作为最容易获得和最常用的兽医服务提供者在兽医卫生系统中发挥的关键作用。本研究的结果强调了通过提高VAHW能力和提高服务可及性来加强兽医卫生系统的必要性，特别是对家禽等服务不足的牲畜。这些干预措施对于减轻人畜共患疾病风险和与“同一个健康”兽医公共卫生方针保持一致至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

China's rural revitalization in the context of rural depopulation: Challenges, opportunities and responses 农村人口减少背景下的中国乡村振兴：挑战、机遇与对策

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103985

Jingbo Yin , Jing Wang , Yurui Li , Yongjiang Zhang

Rural depopulation is increasingly acknowledged as an inherent phase of urbanization and has emerged as a global phenomenon with profound implications for rural development. However, a comprehensive methodology to effectively mitigate this issue remains underdeveloped. As the world's largest developing country, China faces heightened urgency in addressing rural depopulation due to its rapid urbanization, vast rural population, and predominantly smallholder-based agricultural system. Between 2000 and 2020, China's rural population declined by 25.55 %, leading to significant challenges, including stagnant agricultural growth, underutilized land resources, an aging rural population, and cultural heritage erosion. Conversely, rural depopulation presents potential opportunities, including reduced environmental pressures and mitigated human-land conflicts. Here, this study develops a systematic theoretical framework for revitalizing depopulated villages, grounded in dissipative structure theory and supported by empirical case studies and international comparisons. It further proposes targeted strategies for China, including the identification of depopulated villages, institutional reforms to enhance urban-rural factor mobility, adaptive infrastructure development, incentives for the return of rural elites, and industrial revitalization to promote sustainable rural development. This study aims to offer practical pathways for depopulated villages to achieve long-term revitalization.

农村人口减少日益被认为是城市化的一个固有阶段，并已成为一种对农村发展产生深远影响的全球现象。然而，有效缓解这一问题的综合方法仍然不发达。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，由于中国快速的城市化、庞大的农村人口和以小农为基础的农业体系，中国面临着解决农村人口减少问题的紧迫性。2000年至2020年，中国农村人口减少25.55%，农业增长停滞、土地资源利用不足、农村人口老龄化、文化遗产流失等问题凸显。相反，农村人口减少带来了潜在的机会，包括减少环境压力和减轻人地冲突。在此，本研究以耗散结构理论为基础，以实证案例研究和国际比较为支撑，构建了一个系统的人口减少村庄振兴理论框架。报告进一步为中国提出了有针对性的战略，包括人口减少的村庄识别、加强城乡要素流动的制度改革、适应性基础设施建设、农村精英回流的激励措施以及促进农村可持续发展的产业振兴。本研究旨在为人口稀少的乡村提供长远振兴的可行途径。

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引用次数: 0

Fishermen's pro-environmental behavior in southern Iran: An analysis of predictors using an extended VBN model 伊朗南部渔民的亲环境行为：使用扩展VBN模型的预测因子分析

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103998

Tayeb Piroozeh , Malihe Falaki , Masoud Bijani

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in southern Iran presents a major environmental challenge, depleting marine resources and harming aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to identify the key predictors of fishermen's pro-environmental behavior (FPEB) based on the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, emphasizing environmental value attitudes (EVA). It innovatively integrated place attachment (PA) and environmental awareness (EA) into the VBN framework, providing a theoretical rationale for their inclusion as contextually relevant factors that augment the core VBN sequence. Employing a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative design, the researchers used a survey method. The statistical population consisted of 5369 fishermen in southwestern Iran; a stratified random sample of 357 participants was selected proportionally. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire with content validity confirmed by subject-matter experts and reliability coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) ranging from 0.717 to 0.892. Analysis was conducted in SPSS₂₇ using Pearson correlation, One-way ANOVA, and path analysis. Results showed that a majority of fishermen (50.42 %) held egoistic environmental value orientations, which correlated with weaker PEB, whereas groups with biospheric and altruistic orientations exhibited more favorable PEB. The validated path model identified environmental norms (EN) (β = 0.253) and PA (β = 0.171) as the most influential direct predictors of FPEB. Integrating PA and EA into the VBN model yielded unique insights, indicating that emotional bonds to place and heightened environmental awareness are critical in shaping behavioral norms and directly impacting FPEB, thereby offering novel perspectives for addressing IUU fishing in coastal communities. A predictive model grounded in VBN principles was proposed. The findings suggest managerial strategies that strengthen biospheric and altruistic environmental attitudes, reinforce environmental norms, and foster place attachment to mitigate IUU fishing.

伊朗南部的非法、不报告和不管制（IUU）捕鱼构成了重大的环境挑战，耗尽了海洋资源，损害了水生生态系统。本研究以价值信念规范（VBN）理论为基础，着重探讨环境价值态度（EVA）对渔民亲环境行为的影响因素。该研究创新性地将地方依恋（PA）和环境意识（EA）整合到VBN框架中，为它们作为增强核心VBN序列的上下文相关因素提供了理论依据。研究人员采用了一种调查方法，采用了定量、描述性相关和因果比较设计。统计人口包括伊朗西南部的5369名渔民；按比例抽取357名参与者的分层随机样本。数据通过经过验证的问卷收集，内容效度经主题专家确认，信度系数（Cronbach’s alpha）为0.717 ~ 0.892。在SPSS27中使用Pearson相关、单因素方差分析和通径分析进行分析。结果表明，大多数渔民（50.42%）具有利己主义的环境价值取向，其PEB较弱，而具有生物圈和利他主义取向的群体具有较好的PEB。经过验证的路径模型发现，环境规范（EN）（β = 0.253）和PA （β = 0.171）是影响FPEB最直接的预测因子。将PA和EA整合到VBN模型中产生了独特的见解，表明对地点的情感纽带和提高的环境意识对于形成行为规范和直接影响FPEB至关重要，从而为解决沿海社区的IUU捕捞问题提供了新的视角。提出了一种基于VBN原理的预测模型。研究结果建议采取管理策略，加强生物圈和利他主义的环境态度，加强环境规范，培养地方依恋，以减少IUU捕捞。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the impact of village organization degree on farmers' flood adaptation Behavior: Evidence from southwest China 村庄组织程度对农民洪水适应行为的影响研究——来自西南地区的证据

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104006

Fengwan Zhang , Zhi Wang , Shaoquan Liu , Dingde Xu

As a meso-level hub connecting macro-level policies and micro-level household behaviors, the degree of village organization reflects a village's structural integrity and the stability of its governance system. It helps overcome the constraints of structurally limited disaster prevention strategies among farmers, such as those caused by resource scarcity or information asymmetries. This research uses a social cognitive theory framework to analyze survey data encompassing 685 households across 54 flood-threatened villages in Sichuan Province, China. Through the Oprobit model and the mediation effect model, we systematically assess how village-level organizational development shapes farmers' disaster adaptation strategies while unpacking the latent transmission pathways. The results show that: (1) The degree of village organization is significantly negatively correlated with the flood adaptation behaviors of farmers. (2) There is an emotional crowdout effect and a risk perception passivation effect between the degree of village organization and farmers' flood adaptation behaviors. It is manifested that the degree of village organization will reduce farmers' local attachment and risk perception, thereby reducing their flood adaptation behavior. (3) The influence of the village organization degree on farmers' flood adaptation behaviors varies across different regions and income groups. The degree of village organization in non-plain areas and low-income groups is significantly negatively correlated with their flood adaptation behaviors. The findings make an effort to offer a philosophical perspective and empirical basis for enhancing the disaster prevention capacity in rural areas from the perspective of "village-farmer" collaboration.

作为连接宏观政策和微观农户行为的中观枢纽，村庄组织化程度反映了村庄结构的完整性和治理体系的稳定性。它有助于克服农民在结构上有限的灾害预防战略的制约，例如由资源稀缺或信息不对称造成的制约。本研究运用社会认知理论框架，对四川省54个受洪涝威胁村庄685户家庭的调查数据进行分析。通过Oprobit模型和中介效应模型，我们系统地评估了村级组织发展如何影响农民的灾害适应策略，同时揭示了潜在的传播途径。结果表明：(1)村庄组织程度与农民洪水适应行为呈显著负相关。(2)村级组织化程度对农民洪水适应行为存在情感挤出效应和风险感知钝化效应。研究表明，村庄组织化程度会降低农民的地方依恋和风险感知，从而降低农民的洪水适应行为。(3)村庄组织程度对农民洪水适应行为的影响在不同地区、不同收入群体中存在差异。非平原区和低收入群体的村庄组织程度与其洪水适应行为呈显著负相关。研究结果旨在为“村农”合作视角下提高农村防灾能力提供哲学视角和实证依据。

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引用次数: 0

Does rural out-migration contribute to cropland-use intensification transition? Evidence from cropping farms in China 农村人口外迁是否促进了土地利用集约化转型？来自中国种植农场的证据

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104005

Wenhui Zhang , Xinli Ke , Chengchao Zuo , Lijie He , Vivian Wei Huang

Understanding the transition of cropland use from labor-intensive to capital-intensive is crucial for sustaining food supply in the context of rural labor shortage driven by China's rapid urbanization. Using household-level panel data from China's National Fixed-Point Survey (2003–2021) and an instrumental-variable estimation strategy that uses village-level out-migration rates excluding the focal household as instruments, we explore the correlation between rural out-migration and cropland use change. The results show that rural out-migration reduces per-household cropland area, lowers the proportion of cropland allocated for highly labor-intensive crops, and decreased the share of highly capital-intensive crops. Notably, the decline in share of highly capital-intensive crops is concentrated among households that rely predominantly on non-agricultural income. These outcomes suggest that rural out-migration has impeded the anticipated shift toward capital-intensive cropland use, owing to heterogeneous household behaviors: non-agricultural households tend to allocate remittances toward non-farm consumption rather than agricultural investment, whereas agricultural households face scale constraints that limit capital investment. We propose targeted policies, including enhanced support for agricultural machinery and land consolidation for agricultural households, as well as measures to promote more efficient land-use arrangements among non-agricultural households, in order to advance capital-intensive cropland use and reduce land-use inefficiency and abandonment.

在中国快速城市化导致农村劳动力短缺的背景下，理解从劳动密集型到资本密集型的耕地利用转变对于维持粮食供应至关重要。利用2003-2021年中国全国定点调查的家庭层面面板数据，并采用排除重点家庭的村级外迁率作为工具变量估计策略，我们探讨了农村外迁与耕地利用变化之间的相关性。结果表明，农村人口外迁减少了农户的人均耕地面积，降低了高劳动密集型作物的耕地比例，降低了高资本密集型作物的比例。值得注意的是，高度资本密集型作物所占份额的下降集中在主要依靠非农业收入的家庭。这些结果表明，由于家庭行为的异质性，农村向外迁移阻碍了向资本密集型农田使用的预期转变：非农业家庭倾向于将汇款分配给非农业消费而不是农业投资，而农业家庭则面临限制资本投资的规模限制。我们提出有针对性的政策建议，包括加强对农业机械和农户土地整理的支持，以及促进非农业家庭更有效的土地利用安排的措施，以促进资本密集型农田的利用，减少土地利用效率低下和撂荒。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing young people's entry and retention in the Australian agriculture sector: A longitudinal analysis of rural employment pathways 追踪年轻人进入和留在澳大利亚农业部门：农村就业途径的纵向分析

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104010

Esperanza Vera-Toscano , Catherine Waite , Hernan Cuervo , Michael Santhanam-Martin , Margaret Ayre , Ruth Nettle

The migration of rural youth to urban areas for employment opportunities has been a central scholarship focus on young people in rural and regional contexts. While leaving has often been characterised as a normative transition toward achieving socially accepted visions of adulthood, recent contributions to the rural mobilities literature challenge the assumption that leaving equates to success. These works call for renewed attention to the lived experiences of those who choose to stay. This paper presents a case study of the agriculture sector to examine the structures, influencing factors and available resources that shape young people's decisions to enter, remain in, or exit employment in a sector with a strong presence in rural and regional areas. It aims to highlight both the opportunities and the barriers that can either facilitate or hinder outward mobility from the sector.

Our analysis draws on the longitudinal, nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to examine young people's pathways into and out of the agriculture sector. Leveraging the depth and breadth of HILDA, we are able to develop a robust understanding of the conditions that support sustained engagement in the sector, as well as the factors that drive young people to exit. Our findings reveal that a complex interplay of demographic characteristics, employment conditions, familial ties to agriculture, and geographic location shapes these trajectories. In doing so, the analysis highlights a broader set of structural and personal dynamics—both within and beyond young people's control—that influence their employment decisions and patterns of mobility.

农村青年为寻找就业机会而向城市地区迁移一直是学术界关注农村和地区青年的一个中心问题。虽然离开通常被描述为向社会接受的成年愿景的规范过渡，但最近对农村流动文学的贡献挑战了离开等同于成功的假设。这些作品呼吁人们重新关注那些选择留下来的人的生活经历。本文提出了一个农业部门的案例研究，以考察影响青年决定进入、留在或退出农村和区域地区重要部门就业的结构、影响因素和可用资源。它的目的是强调机会和障碍，既可以促进或阻碍从该部门向外流动。我们的分析借鉴了纵向的，具有全国代表性的澳大利亚家庭，收入和劳动力动态（HILDA）调查，以检查年轻人进入和退出农业部门的途径。利用HILDA的深度和广度，我们能够深入了解支持该行业持续参与的条件，以及促使年轻人退出的因素。我们的研究结果表明，人口特征、就业条件、家庭与农业的联系以及地理位置等因素的复杂相互作用塑造了这些轨迹。在这样做的过程中，分析强调了一套更广泛的结构和个人动态——既在年轻人的控制范围之内，也在年轻人的控制范围之外——影响着他们的就业决策和流动模式。

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引用次数: 0

Financing constraints, policy supports and new farmers’ entrepreneurial performance 融资约束、政策支持与新农民创业绩效

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104002

Liancui Wu , Qifeng Sun , Qiang Liu

As an important role in the modernization of agriculture, new farmers are facing prominent financing constraints when engaging in the agricultural entrepreneurship, which hinders their improvement of entrepreneurial performance. Using the survey data of 572 new farmers in six provinces of China, this study empirically analyzes the impact of financing constraints and policy supports on new farmers' entrepreneurial performance. The results show that financing constraints significantly inhibit new farmers' entrepreneurial performance, while policy supports have a significant promoting effect on their entrepreneurial performance. Besides, for new farmers with different organizational types and entrepreneurial regions, the inhibitory effect of financing constraints is more significant in agricultural cooperative leaders, agribusiness leaders and central and western China, while the promoting effects of policy supports are more significant in family farm owners, agricultural cooperative leaders and eastern and western China. In addition, among five categories of policy supports, credit loan support and information counseling support significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of financing constraints on new farmers' entrepreneurial performance, while the moderating effects of fiscal capital support, tax relief support and entrepreneurial training support are not significant. These findings can enrich the research idea of new farmers’ entrepreneurship and help optimize entrepreneurial support policies to promote the growth of new farmers.

作为农业现代化的重要参与者，新农民在从事农业创业时面临着突出的融资约束，阻碍了其创业绩效的提升。本文利用中国6个省份572名新农民的调查数据，实证分析了融资约束和政策支持对新农民创业绩效的影响。结果表明：融资约束显著抑制新农民创业绩效，而政策支持对新农民创业绩效有显著促进作用。此外，对于不同组织类型和创业地区的新农民，融资约束的抑制作用在农业合作社领导人、涉农企业领导人和中西部地区更为显著，政策支持的促进作用在家庭农场主、农业合作社领导人和东部和西部地区更为显著。此外，在五类政策支持中，信贷贷款支持和信息咨询支持显著缓解了融资约束对新农民创业绩效的抑制作用，而财政资金支持、税收减免支持和创业培训支持的调节作用不显著。这些发现可以丰富新农民创业的研究思路，有助于优化创业支持政策，促进新农民成长。

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引用次数: 0

Claiming land in heterogenous bureaucracies: The daily labor and decadal cycles of land rights movements in Karnataka, India 在异质官僚机构中主张土地：印度卡纳塔克邦土地权利运动的日常劳动和十年周期

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104003

Ananya Karol Rao

This article examines how indigenous communities in India who are excluded from existing legal provisions for land rights devise alternative strategies to claim rights to land and resources. Focusing on the six-decade-long struggle of two indigenous communities, the Hakki Pikki and the Iruliga, to regularize their land tenure in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, the article analyses how claims to land are negotiated in contexts of legal exclusion. The Hakki Pikki and Iruliga communities were selected as a case study because their prolonged occupation of land without formal title, and their ongoing struggles for legal recognition, reflect challenges that are widely shared by indigenous communities across India. This study is based on ethnographic and archival research and draws on data from three months of participant observation, 35 semi-structured interviews conducted through purposive sampling, and a thematic analysis of 259 government documents. Drawing on anthropological theories of institutional pluralism and territorialization, as well as empirical observations of communities' everyday strategies of claiming land, the study finds that community members do not reject state apparatuses but instead employ “mirroring” strategies of land claiming, using state-created legal frameworks to demonstrate the legitimacy of their claims against the state. The study concludes that two sets of processes are central to securing land rights: first, communities’ ability to discern and leverage the heterogeneity of the state by simultaneously engaging multiple legal regimes; and second, the emergence of a cooperative ethic between two distinct indigenous groups based on novel land sharing arrangements.

本文探讨了被排除在现行土地权法律规定之外的印度土著社区如何制定替代性战略来主张对土地和资源的权利。本文聚焦于印度南部卡纳塔克邦Hakki Pikki和Iruliga两个原住民社群长达六十年的抗争，以规范他们的土地保有权，分析在法律排斥的背景下，土地主张是如何协商的。Hakki Pikki和Iruliga社区之所以被选为案例研究，是因为他们在没有正式所有权的情况下长期占领土地，以及他们为获得法律承认而进行的斗争，反映了印度各地土著社区普遍面临的挑战。本研究以民族志和档案研究为基础，利用三个月的参与性观察、35次有目的抽样的半结构化访谈和259份政府文件的专题分析得出数据。利用制度多元主义和领土化的人类学理论，以及对社区日常土地主张策略的实证观察，该研究发现，社区成员并不拒绝国家机器，而是采用土地主张的“镜像”策略，使用国家创建的法律框架来证明他们对国家主张的合法性。该研究得出的结论是，两套程序对于确保土地权利至关重要：首先，社区通过同时参与多种法律制度来识别和利用国家的异质性的能力；第二，基于新的土地共享安排，两个不同的土著群体之间出现了合作伦理。

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引用次数: 0

Community, solidarity, and poverty in mountain regions: The experiences of older adults in the Swiss Alps and Central Appalachia in the United States 山区的社区、团结和贫困：瑞士阿尔卑斯山和美国阿巴拉契亚中部老年人的经历

IF 5.7 1区社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY

Journal of Rural Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103970

Marion Repetti

With demographic aging emerging as “one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century” (UN, 2024), the living conditions and well-being of older adults are critical for maintaining social cohesion. Rural areas are important in this regard, as their populations tend to be older and poorer than those of urban centers. Drawing on semistructured interviews with 41 older adults in the Swiss Alpine canton of Valais and in Central Appalachia in the United States (western and southwestern Virginia, as well as southern West Virginia), this paper investigates forms of poverty that develop in later life within mountain regions. Two key issues emerge from this comparison. First, aging in poverty in deindustrialized Central Appalachia or in relatively affluent Swiss Alps lead to different types of community and solidarity relations. Second, there is a common phenomenon of collective ignorance surrounding poverty in later life across the two regions. Overall, the paper demonstrates the analytical value of comparing cases that may initially seem incomparable by providing a better understanding of how global political economic dynamics can shape poorer older adults’ lives and their social integration in rural contexts. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering the inclusion of economically disadvantaged rural older adults.

随着人口老龄化成为“21世纪最重要的社会变革之一”（联合国，2024年），老年人的生活条件和福祉对于维持社会凝聚力至关重要。农村地区在这方面很重要，因为那里的人口往往比城市中心的人口更老、更穷。本文通过对瑞士阿尔卑斯州瓦莱州和美国阿巴拉契亚中部（弗吉尼亚州西部和西南部以及西弗吉尼亚州南部）41名老年人的半结构化访谈，调查了山区老年生活中出现的贫困形式。这种比较产生了两个关键问题。首先，在去工业化的阿巴拉契亚中部或相对富裕的瑞士阿尔卑斯山地区，贫困人口老龄化导致了不同类型的社区和团结关系。其次，这两个地区在晚年生活中普遍存在对贫困的集体无知现象。总体而言，通过更好地了解全球政治经济动态如何影响贫困老年人的生活及其在农村环境中的社会融合，本文展示了比较最初看似不可比较的案例的分析价值。论文最后提出了旨在促进经济上处于不利地位的农村老年人融入社会的政策建议。

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