In recent years, the iconic “Camino de Santiago” pilgrimage pathway has emerged as a significant tourist attraction. Despite its growing popularity and immense potential to promote local development in the communities along its path, little is known about this phenomenon from the residents' perspective. This study is among the first to examine residents' impact perceptions and support for Camino-related tourism. To this end, we introduce two innovative analytical approaches, focusing on the role of rural-urban dynamics and personal pilgrimage experiences in shaping these attitudes. A survey of 442 residents along the northern segment of the Central Portuguese Camino was conducted. Statistical analyses, including PLS-SEM, t-tests, and permutation multigroup comparisons, were employed to investigate relationships and differences in perceptions, support attitudes, and path coefficients among various resident groups. The findings reveal that perceptions of economic, environmental, and sociocultural impacts significantly influence residents' support for further development of Camino-related tourism. The relationship between economic impacts and support is significantly stronger for rural residents and those with pilgrimage experience. Perceptions of economic impacts and residents’ support are also stronger among rural residents compared to their urban counterparts. Additionally, residents with pilgrimage experience exhibited significantly more positive perceptions and attitudes across all dimensions. These findings suggest that tourism investments in rural areas along the Camino should be prioritised and that encouraging community participation should be a key strategy to increase their support.
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