Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103432
Flora Hajdu , Jonathan Rigg , Johanna Bergman-Lodin , Klara Fischer , Kristina Marquardt , Dil Khatri , Stephanie Leder , Gwendolyn Varley , Linley Chiwona-Karltun , Emil Sandström , Örjan Bartholdson , Linda Engström , Malin Beckman , Cristián Alarcón
Drawing on 36 studies in 19 countries and three continents, conducted over forty years, this paper revisits the question of how and why smallholders – and smallholdings – persist in the Global South even under conditions of rapid social and economic transformation. The paper argues that a significant part of the answer to this question can be found by taking a social relational approach: by ‘rendering’ the smallholder social. We identify five social themes that have resonance notwithstanding very different historical inheritances, environmental conditions, political contexts, and economic and developmental situations. Smallholder households feed a significant population of the world, educate the next generation, care for the sick and support those in need, cushion workers when economies contract and jobs evaporate, create communities, underpin national growth, and manage the land. Bringing these roles and qualities into view makes clear that smallholders, far from being relict survivors are critical actors in contemporary rural and urban transformations.
{"title":"Rendering smallholders social: Taking a social relations approach to understanding the persistence of smallholders in the rural Global South","authors":"Flora Hajdu , Jonathan Rigg , Johanna Bergman-Lodin , Klara Fischer , Kristina Marquardt , Dil Khatri , Stephanie Leder , Gwendolyn Varley , Linley Chiwona-Karltun , Emil Sandström , Örjan Bartholdson , Linda Engström , Malin Beckman , Cristián Alarcón","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing on 36 studies in 19 countries and three continents, conducted over forty years, this paper revisits the question of how and why smallholders – and smallholdings – persist in the Global South even under conditions of rapid social and economic transformation. The paper argues that a significant part of the answer to this question can be found by taking a social relational approach: by ‘rendering’ the smallholder social. We identify five social themes that have resonance notwithstanding very different historical inheritances, environmental conditions, political contexts, and economic and developmental situations. Smallholder households feed a significant population of the world, educate the next generation, care for the sick and support those in need, cushion workers when economies contract and jobs evaporate, create communities, underpin national growth, and manage the land. Bringing these roles and qualities into view makes clear that smallholders, far from being relict survivors are critical actors in contemporary rural and urban transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103430
Frédéric Balard, Elsa Martin
Based on the case study of a rural commune, this article analyzes how the challenges of ensuring the inclusion, participation and protection of older residents were addressed by local political actors and partly redefined following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. It appears that the mutual knowledge between the inhabitants, the proximity of public and private players and the relational and organizational capital of the people in charge are the main levers that can be used to govern older inhabitants. The research shed light on the gap between local actors’ perceptions of older residents, of their expectations and needs and the way older inhabitants themselves define their own place within the town.
{"title":"Governing aging people in a rural commune during the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study","authors":"Frédéric Balard, Elsa Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the case study of a rural commune, this article analyzes how the challenges of ensuring the inclusion, participation and protection of older residents were addressed by local political actors and partly redefined following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. It appears that the mutual knowledge between the inhabitants, the proximity of public and private players and the relational and organizational capital of the people in charge are the main levers that can be used to govern older inhabitants. The research shed light on the gap between local actors’ perceptions of older residents, of their expectations and needs and the way older inhabitants themselves define their own place within the town.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103439
Julia R. Entwistle
While the merits of foreign direct investment (FDI) in producing economic growth for the host country have been debated, one seldom considered outcome of FDI is failure resulting in divestment. Little consideration has been given to the ways in which foreign divestment impacts local communities. This paper presents a case study of the Sime Darby Liberia plantation using qualitative in-depth interviews with community members surrounding the site. The cycle of investment and divestment has shaped the experiences and livelihoods of people living in the area regarding land concessions, employment, and plantation management transitions. While divestment can create undesirable outcomes for all parties involved, the structures of FDI set local people up to take the biggest losses in the case of FDI failure.
{"title":"Who loses when FDI fails? Local experiences with plantation investment and divestment in Liberia","authors":"Julia R. Entwistle","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the merits of foreign direct investment (FDI) in producing economic growth for the host country have been debated, one seldom considered outcome of FDI is failure resulting in divestment. Little consideration has been given to the ways in which foreign divestment impacts local communities. This paper presents a case study of the Sime Darby Liberia plantation using qualitative in-depth interviews with community members surrounding the site. The cycle of investment and divestment has shaped the experiences and livelihoods of people living in the area regarding land concessions, employment, and plantation management transitions. While divestment can create undesirable outcomes for all parties involved, the structures of FDI set local people up to take the biggest losses in the case of FDI failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103434
Jerry Olsson, Jonas Lindberg
School closures have for long often been seen as a ‘rural issue’ and/or as a rural-urban dichotomy. We posit that such crude representations should be nuanced by help of intra- and inter-municipality analysis as there are differences and diversity between and within rural municipality classes. Based on this, we use official Swedish statistics to perform a spatially disaggregated analysis of the geographical characteristics of Swedish municipalities with different experiences of elementary school closures between 1997 and 2017. The results show that rural municipality classes lost considerably more elementary schools, 24,5 % compared to only 0,3 % in urban municipality classes, but also show large differences between and within rural municipality classes and municipalities, both in terms of lost elementary schools, localities who has lost elementary schools, concentration of elementary schools to municipal population centers, and decreases in mean and median distances from elementary schools to municipal population centers. In some cases rural municipality classes fared better, performed at par, or only slightly worse to their urban counterparts. In conclusion, there is a need for a more disaggregated spatial analysis to understand what is happening in different geographical contexts, since the categories of ’urban’ and ’rural’ hide more detailed but still important spatial differences.
{"title":"Elementary school closures in Sweden over two decades: Geographical characteristics and the role of distance","authors":"Jerry Olsson, Jonas Lindberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>School closures have for long often been seen as a ‘rural issue’ and/or as a rural-urban dichotomy. We posit that such crude representations should be nuanced by help of intra- and inter-municipality analysis as there are differences and diversity between and within rural municipality classes. Based on this, we use official Swedish statistics to perform a spatially disaggregated analysis of the geographical characteristics of Swedish municipalities with different experiences of elementary school closures between 1997 and 2017. The results show that rural municipality classes lost considerably more elementary schools, 24,5 % compared to only 0,3 % in urban municipality classes, but also show large differences between and within rural municipality classes and municipalities, both in terms of lost elementary schools, localities who has lost elementary schools, concentration of elementary schools to municipal population centers, and decreases in mean and median distances from elementary schools to municipal population centers. In some cases rural municipality classes fared better, performed at par, or only slightly worse to their urban counterparts. In conclusion, there is a need for a more disaggregated spatial analysis to understand what is happening in different geographical contexts, since the categories of ’urban’ and ’rural’ hide more detailed but still important spatial differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103428
Cristian Incaltarau , Karima Kourtit , Gabriela Carmen Pascariu
Since the beginning of the 21st century, we have been living in the ‘urban century’, characterised by a rise in the number of cities and mega-cities and a structural population increase in most cities, to the detriment of rural areas. Given the declining interest in rurality, the aims and scope of this paper are to map out the complex force field of rurality versus urbanity, and explore if the COVID pandemic has become a ‘game changer’ that thus may swift the existing patterns. Relying on multilevel modelling, to also account for between-country differences, and using Eurobarometer data on post-pandemic migration intention in both rural and urban areas, our results do not find support for a major post-covid urban exodus. Younger individuals from large cities are indeed more willing to leave for rural areas when they are convinced that they can play an active role in the local decision-making process. Teleworking, as well as EU concrete actions for addressing environmental issues, may also drive more migration toward rural areas. On the other hand, poor access to health services may push individuals towards urban areas. In policy terms, our findings advocate for improving access to public services in rural areas. In addition, the study reinforces the role of the Cohesion Policy to urge the twin transition, as facilitating teleworking and strengthening the environmental commitment were shown to make rural areas more appealing.
{"title":"Exploring the urban-rural dichotomies in post-pandemic migration intention: Empirical evidence from Europe","authors":"Cristian Incaltarau , Karima Kourtit , Gabriela Carmen Pascariu","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the beginning of the 21st century, we have been living in the ‘urban century’, characterised by a rise in the number of cities and mega-cities and a structural population increase in most cities, to the detriment of rural areas. Given the declining interest in rurality, the aims and scope of this paper are to map out the complex force field of rurality versus urbanity, and explore if the COVID pandemic has become a ‘game changer’ that thus may swift the existing patterns. Relying on multilevel modelling, to also account for between-country differences, and using Eurobarometer data on post-pandemic migration intention in both rural and urban areas, our results do not find support for a major post-covid urban exodus. Younger individuals from large cities are indeed more willing to leave for rural areas when they are convinced that they can play an active role in the local decision-making process. Teleworking, as well as EU concrete actions for addressing environmental issues, may also drive more migration toward rural areas. On the other hand, poor access to health services may push individuals towards urban areas. In policy terms, our findings advocate for improving access to public services in rural areas. In addition, the study reinforces the role of the Cohesion Policy to urge the twin transition, as facilitating teleworking and strengthening the environmental commitment were shown to make rural areas more appealing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103428"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103421
M. Pilar Alonso , Pilar Gargallo , Luis Lample , Carlos López-Escolano , Jesús A. Miguel , Manuel Salvador
The rural exodus in Europe has triggered population loss and ageing in many regions, exacerbating demographic and socio-economic imbalances. This study employs a comprehensive methodology to address these challenges, introducing a Territorial Exclusion indicator that covers deficiencies in services, economic stagnation, and limited accessibility of municipalities. Using structural equation modeling, we demonstrate how territorial exclusion acts as a fundamental factor driving depopulation. Furthermore, the study identifies homogeneous groups of municipalities based on their level of territorial exclusion, emphasizing the need for differentiated approaches in developing targeted and effective territorial development policies. To illustrate these findings, we focus on the region of Aragon (Spain) as an extreme example, providing valuable insights into the broader implications of territorial exclusion and informing strategies for addressing depopulation challenges in the region and beyond.
{"title":"Measuring the relationship between territorial exclusion and depopulation – A municipal classification proposal to guide territorial balance","authors":"M. Pilar Alonso , Pilar Gargallo , Luis Lample , Carlos López-Escolano , Jesús A. Miguel , Manuel Salvador","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rural exodus in Europe has triggered population loss and ageing in many regions, exacerbating demographic and socio-economic imbalances. This study employs a comprehensive methodology to address these challenges, introducing a Territorial Exclusion indicator that covers deficiencies in services, economic stagnation, and limited accessibility of municipalities. Using structural equation modeling, we demonstrate how territorial exclusion acts as a fundamental factor driving depopulation. Furthermore, the study identifies homogeneous groups of municipalities based on their level of territorial exclusion, emphasizing the need for differentiated approaches in developing targeted and effective territorial development policies. To illustrate these findings, we focus on the region of Aragon (Spain) as an extreme example, providing valuable insights into the broader implications of territorial exclusion and informing strategies for addressing depopulation challenges in the region and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103420
Franziska Imhoff, Gerhard Rainer
While many rural regions in Germany are facing a downward socio-structural spiral, there is a growing societal yearning for rurality and the practices associated with it. By creating a network for individuals who migrate from urban centers to a peripheral rural area, the self-proclaimed “spatial pioneer” movement of Upper Lusatia operates at the convergence of these realities. Through an ethnographic inquiry into this movement, we study the social practices of these spatial pioneers, particularly focusing on affective practices that evoke emotional responses within individuals. We identified five dimensions that shape the spatial pioneers' rural lifeworlds — nature, work, community, simplicity, and self-efficacy. From the perspective of the spatial pioneers, rural spaces are not necessarily ‘ideal’ via their discursive representations. However, rurality as a lifestyle (as a way of living) becomes desirable via the (affective) practices it enables. The singularity of structurally weak rural areas lies in the fact that they offer opportunities for living the ‘good life’ that, due to limiting material and cultural structures, are unavailable elsewhere (e.g., in urban settings). In applying the concept of affective spaces, we aim for a deeper understanding of the spatial pioneers' bodily-affective experience, perception, and practice-based production of space. By doing so, we provide insights into practice-based, affective (re-)productions of rurality and rural spaces.
{"title":"Affective spaces of the rural: A praxeological analysis of the “spatial pioneers” of Upper Lusatia (Germany)","authors":"Franziska Imhoff, Gerhard Rainer","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While many rural regions in Germany are facing a downward socio-structural spiral, there is a growing societal yearning for rurality and the practices associated with it. By creating a network for individuals who migrate from urban centers to a peripheral rural area, the self-proclaimed “spatial pioneer” movement of Upper Lusatia operates at the convergence of these realities. Through an ethnographic inquiry into this movement, we study the social practices of these spatial pioneers, particularly focusing on affective practices that evoke emotional responses within individuals. We identified five dimensions that shape the spatial pioneers' rural lifeworlds — nature, work, community, simplicity, and self-efficacy. From the perspective of the spatial pioneers, rural spaces are not necessarily ‘ideal’ via their discursive representations. However, rurality as a lifestyle (as a way of liv<em>ing</em>) becomes desirable via the (affective) practices it enables. The singularity of structurally weak rural areas lies in the fact that they offer opportunities for living the ‘good life’ that, <em>due to</em> limiting material and cultural structures, are unavailable elsewhere (e.g., in urban settings). In applying the concept of affective spaces, we aim for a deeper understanding of the spatial pioneers' bodily-affective experience, perception, and practice-based production of space. By doing so, we provide insights into practice-based, affective (re-)productions of rurality and rural spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103433
Nick Gallent, Andrew Purves, Phoebe Stirling, Iqbal Hamiduddin
In response to projections of future housing demand, public planning authorities allocate land for development within local plans. The process is top-down and public-sector led, corralling land value to selected locations in support of the infrastructure investments needed to progress development. But in rural areas in England, an unplanned, exceptional process of selecting land for affordable housing has existed since 1991. ‘Rural Exception Sites’ (RES) are not allocated in local plans and they are not (exclusively) public-sector led. Rather, they involve the granting of exceptional permissions for affordable housing on non-housing land. RES emerge from a devolved approach, with the public sector ceding power to non-state actors and to voluntary housing enablers. The rationale of this partnership process is to keep land outside of the allocation process, hence keeping it affordable for non-market housing that meets communities' needs. This paper examines the way that RES disrupt land market and planning processes in order to deliver the homes that rural communities need.
{"title":"Enabling the delivery of rural affordable housing in England","authors":"Nick Gallent, Andrew Purves, Phoebe Stirling, Iqbal Hamiduddin","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to projections of future housing demand, public planning authorities allocate land for development within local plans. The process is top-down and public-sector led, corralling land value to selected locations in support of the infrastructure investments needed to progress development. But in rural areas in England, an unplanned, exceptional process of selecting land for affordable housing has existed since 1991. ‘Rural Exception Sites’ (RES) are not allocated in local plans and they are not (exclusively) public-sector led. Rather, they involve the granting of exceptional permissions for affordable housing on non-housing land. RES emerge from a devolved approach, with the public sector ceding power to non-state actors and to voluntary housing enablers. The rationale of this partnership process is to keep land outside of the allocation process, hence keeping it affordable for non-market housing that meets communities' needs. This paper examines the way that RES disrupt land market and planning processes in order to deliver the homes that rural communities need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016724002377/pdfft?md5=51c06dbd0726207968c0db53d289a882&pid=1-s2.0-S0743016724002377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103424
Amariah Fischer , J.M. Shawn Hutchinson , Katherine S. Nelson
Government agencies and researchers often rely on quantitative measures to map where rural places are and who belongs to rural communities. To better understand the consistency, or lack thereof, across different quantitative rural measures, we compare four common measures applied at the county level for the contiguous United States. Our purpose was to (1) quantify and map the degree of rural agreement among these selected rural measures and (2) describe key characteristics of counties classified as rural through urban. We found that different measures yielded little agreement on rural places with consensus of only 114 of 3108 counties. County variables contributing to good separability in rural to urban classifications included remoteness, population density, percent of the population aged 65 and over, employment in the agricultural sector, and both developed and grassland landcover. Closer examination of the underlying characteristics of the 114 consensus rural counties provides an opportunity to reflect on the nature of popular rural measures and the variables they use. If these counties are not representative of how researchers conceptualize “rural” across US regions, it is motivation for working toward new and/or spatially adaptive rural measures that better represent the communities that policy and research intends to help.
{"title":"Where is rural? An analysis of the agreement between quantitative measures of rurality","authors":"Amariah Fischer , J.M. Shawn Hutchinson , Katherine S. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Government agencies and researchers often rely on quantitative measures to map where rural places are and who belongs to rural communities. To better understand the consistency, or lack thereof, across different quantitative rural measures, we compare four common measures applied at the county level for the contiguous United States. Our purpose was to (1) quantify and map the degree of rural agreement among these selected rural measures and (2) describe key characteristics of counties classified as rural through urban. We found that different measures yielded little agreement on rural places with consensus of only 114 of 3108 counties. County variables contributing to good separability in rural to urban classifications included remoteness, population density, percent of the population aged 65 and over, employment in the agricultural sector, and both developed and grassland landcover. Closer examination of the underlying characteristics of the 114 consensus rural counties provides an opportunity to reflect on the nature of popular rural measures and the variables they use. If these counties are not representative of how researchers conceptualize “rural” across US regions, it is motivation for working toward new and/or spatially adaptive rural measures that better represent the communities that policy and research intends to help.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103437
Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos
Although firm-level innovation is an essential determinant of sustainable growth in rural areas, the literature on this subject is lacking a state-of-the-art systematic literature review in the context of rural zones. The aim of our study is (1) to describe the firm-level innovation research in rural areas over time, presenting the leading journals and authors; (2) to reveal the intellectual structure of the firm-level innovation field, providing an integrated framework of antecedents and outcomes of firm-level innovation in rural areas; (3) to identify research gaps and recommend a research agenda for advancing the study of firm-level innovation in rural areas. Drawing on articles (N = 152) published in top-ranked sources, our study conducts a systematic literature review through bibliometric and content analysis of material published between 2003 and 2023. Our study significantly contributes to the innovation field by adding value to our understanding about the firm-level innovation discipline in rural areas.
{"title":"Revisiting research on firm-level innovation in rural areas: A systematic literature review and future research directions","authors":"Panagiotis Kyriakopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although firm-level innovation is an essential determinant of sustainable growth in rural areas, the literature on this subject is lacking a state-of-the-art systematic literature review in the context of rural zones. The aim of our study is (1) to describe the firm-level innovation research in rural areas over time, presenting the leading journals and authors; (2) to reveal the intellectual structure of the firm-level innovation field, providing an integrated framework of antecedents and outcomes of firm-level innovation in rural areas; (3) to identify research gaps and recommend a research agenda for advancing the study of firm-level innovation in rural areas. Drawing on articles (<em>N</em> = 152) published in top-ranked sources, our study conducts a systematic literature review through bibliometric and content analysis of material published between 2003 and 2023. Our study significantly contributes to the innovation field by adding value to our understanding about the firm-level innovation discipline in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 103437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016724002419/pdfft?md5=4354d30fd2ab265298970e71733cf165&pid=1-s2.0-S0743016724002419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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