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Commentary: Revisiting developmental science research practices during a global crisis. 评论:在全球危机中重新审视发展科学研究实践。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13037
Lucía Magis-Weinberg, Carly E Gray

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents were extensive, touching aspects of their lives such as those reviewed in this Special Section : school experiences, family relationships, peer relationships, and civic engagement. In parallel with these effects on individuals, the fields of developmental and psychological science were shaken up by this global crisis. The accelerated transition to online data collection and collaboration presented opportunities to expand research on adolescence, breaking down many physical and social barriers to participation and sparking methodological innovation. Yet, this crisis also shed light on the global digital divides and the uneven impacts of the pandemic across the research community. This commentary reflects on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the methods and methodologies of developmental science, the challenges and opportunities it surfaced, and the populations included and omitted in this period of research. We integrate reflections on how the pandemic shaped our own research and on how the pandemic has shaped the future of developmental science.

COVID-19大流行病对青少年的影响是广泛的,触及到他们生活的方方面面,如本专栏回顾的学校经历、家庭关系、同伴关系和公民参与。在对个人产生影响的同时,这场全球危机也震撼了发展和心理科学领域。向在线数据收集与合作的加速转型为拓展青少年研究提供了机遇,打破了许多物理和社会参与的障碍,并引发了方法论的创新。然而,这场危机也揭示了全球数字鸿沟以及大流行病对整个研究界的不均衡影响。本评论反思了 COVID-19 大流行病对发展科学的方法和方法论的影响、它所带来的挑战和机遇,以及这一时期研究中包括和遗漏的人群。我们将这一流行病如何影响了我们自己的研究以及这一流行病如何影响了发展科学的未来纳入了思考。
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引用次数: 0
Commentary: The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on adolescent development: Embracing a more ecological perspective. 评论:COVID-19 大流行及其对青少年发展的影响:采用更生态的视角。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13036
Nora Wiium

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's functioning, relationships, and well-being, four systematic reviews were put together to shed light on school experiences, family and peer relationships, and civic engagement during the pandemic. The reviews presented research findings on the protective role of several personal and contextual resources including intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, family, school, peer, and community support, as well as the harming effect of risk factors, such as poor mental health, COVID-19-related stressors, and technological challenges, thus highlighting the significant role of both personal and contextual factors in adolescent development and well-being. Equally important, the research findings collectively suggested an ecological perspective of the determining factors, although the focus was largely on factors in immediate contexts (family, school, peers, and local community). Adopting a more holistic approach that also considers factors in other ecological contexts (e.g., partnership between immediate contexts, the influence of cultural values and norms along with educational and developmental transitions) can be crucial in addressing the specific needs of young people across diverse contexts and cultures during a pandemic and in general. In addressing their needs, the ever-growing digital space of young people can be utilized to connect them to services and supportive networks in their contexts including distal ones.

为了评估 COVID-19 大流行对青少年的功能、人际关系和福祉的影响,我们汇集了四篇系统性综述,以阐明大流行期间的学校经历、家庭和同伴关系以及公民参与。这些综述介绍了一些个人和环境资源(包括内在动力、自我效能、家庭、学校、同伴和社区支持)的保护作用,以及风险因素(如不良心理健康、与 COVID-19 相关的压力因素和技术挑战)的伤害作用,从而突出了个人和环境因素在青少年发展和幸福中的重要作用。同样重要的是,尽管研究重点主要集中在直接环境(家庭、学校、同伴和当地社区)中的因素,但研究结果共同表明,决定性因素具有生态学视角。采用一种更全面的方法,同时考虑其他生态环境中的因素(如直接环境之间的伙伴关系、文化价值观和规范的影响以及教育和发展过渡),对于满足大流行病期间和一般情况下不同环境和文化背景下青少年的特殊需求至关重要。在满足他们的需求时,可以利用青年人不断增长的数字空间,将他们与他们所处的环境(包括远距离环境)中的服务和支持网络连接起来。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies to promote safety for sexual and gender minority youth in secondary schools: A longitudinal analysis. 促进中学性与性别少数群体青少年安全的策略:纵向分析。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13032
André Gonzales Real, S Henry Sherwood, Salvatore Ioverno, Stephen T Russell

In order to promote school safety for sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY), many schools implement strategies such as SGM-focused policies and gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs). Little is known about the effects such strategies have over time on feelings of safety at school for SGMY. Hierarchical Linear Models were conducted using longitudinal data from 417 SGMY attending secondary schools to examine trajectories of feelings of safety and the effects of SGM-focused policies, GSA presence, or GSA membership on feelings of safety. Findings indicate that SGM-focused policies and GSAs had direct benefits for safety at school SGMY, both independently and in combination; however, GSA membership was not. Schools should implement a combination of school strategies to promote safer environments for SGMY.

为了促进性与性别少数群体青少年(SGMY)的校园安全,许多学校实施了以 SGM 为重点的政策和性别-性行为联盟(GSAs)等策略。但人们对这些策略随着时间的推移对 SGMY 在校安全感的影响知之甚少。我们使用 417 名就读中学的 SGM 青少年的纵向数据建立了层次线性模型,以研究安全感的轨迹以及关注 SGM 的政策、GSA 的存在或 GSA 成员资格对安全感的影响。研究结果表明,无论是单独还是结合使用,以 SGM 为重点的政策和 GSA 对学校 SGMY 的安全都有直接益处;但 GSA 的成员资格则没有直接益处。学校应综合实施各种学校策略,为 SGMY 营造更安全的环境。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging the dichotomy: Examining parent socialization goals and behaviors regarding positive affect in Bengaluru, India. 挑战二分法:考察印度班加罗尔父母在积极情感方面的社会化目标和行为。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13033
Samantha B Wick, Anuradha Sathiyaseelan, Vaishali V Raval, Aaron M Luebbe

Parents' responses to youth positive affect (PA) have been dichotomized as enhancing and dampening. This dichotomy may not fit with cultural scripts about emotion in communities where a balance between positive and negative emotions is preferred. To assess parents' PA socialization in a culturally relevant manner for urban, middle-class families in India, we developed a new measure of parental goals about happiness and adapted the Responses to Adolescent Happy Affect Scale (RAHAS). We tested the psychometric properties of these measures and assessed relations among parental socialization goals and behaviors across 5 months. Our sample included 377 adolescent (84.4% girls; Mage = 14.47) and parent (63.9% mothers) dyads, primarily Hindu, in Bengaluru, India. Two parental goals factors emerged: "Balancing and Controlling" and "Maximizing and Sharing" happiness. Three factors emerged for the adapted RAHAS. Two factors were the same as the original RAHAS: (a) "Enhancing" strategies to upregulate PA and (b) "Dampening" strategies to downregulate PA. A third factor emerged: (c) "Balancing" strategies, which were culturally salient for families in India and aimed for moderation. Among socialization behaviors, "Enhancing" and "Dampening" were inversely related, while "Balancing" related positively to each. Balancing and Controlling goals were only correlated to "Balancing" behaviors. Maximizing and Sharing goals were correlated positively with "Enhancing" and inversely with "Dampening." Longitudinally, Maximizing and Sharing and Balancing and Controlling goals were related to a significant increase and marginal decrease in "Dampening," respectively. Challenging the dichotomy, our findings highlight the relevance of balancing to theories of PA socialization.

家长对青少年积极情绪(PA)的反应被分为增强型和抑制型两种。这种二分法可能不符合社区中关于情绪的文化脚本,在社区中,人们更倾向于积极情绪和消极情绪之间的平衡。为了以一种与印度城市中产阶级家庭文化相关的方式评估父母的 PA 社会化,我们开发了一种新的父母幸福目标测量方法,并改编了青少年快乐情绪反应量表 (RAHAS)。我们测试了这些量表的心理测量特性,并评估了父母在 5 个月内的社会化目标和行为之间的关系。我们的样本包括印度班加罗尔的 377 个青少年(84.4% 为女孩;Mage = 14.47)和父母(63.9% 为母亲)组合,主要是印度教徒。父母的目标因素有两个:"平衡和控制 "以及 "最大化和分享 "幸福。改编后的 RAHAS 出现了三个因素。两个因素与最初的 RAHAS 相同:(a) "增强 "上调 PA 的策略和 (b) "减弱 "下调 PA 的策略。第三个因素出现了:(c) "平衡 "策略,这是印度家庭的文化特色,旨在调节。在社会化行为中,"增强 "和 "抑制 "呈反向关系,而 "平衡 "则呈正向关系。平衡 "和 "控制 "目标只与 "平衡 "行为相关。最大化目标和分享目标与 "增强 "呈正相关,与 "削弱 "呈反相关。纵向来看,"最大化与分享 "目标和 "平衡与控制 "目标分别与 "抑制 "行为的显著增加和轻微减少有关。我们的研究结果对二分法提出了挑战,强调了平衡与 PA 社会化理论的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of parental mediation and social skills on adolescents' use of online video games for escapism: A cross-sectional study. 父母调解和社交技能对青少年使用网络电子游戏逃避现实的影响:一项横断面研究。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13034
Elena Commodari, Arianna Consiglio, Martina Cannata, Valentina Lucia La Rosa

The widespread use of video games among adolescents has raised concerns about their impact on psychological and social development. This study aimed to assess the effects of different types of parental mediation on adolescents' tendency to use video games to avoid negative emotions and determine the relationship between adolescents' interpersonal skills and their reliance on online video games for escapism. Participants were 452 adolescents from 15 middle and high schools. Data on sociodemographic information, gaming habits, parental control of online gaming, interpersonal skills, and reasons for playing online games were also collected. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the data, with online video game escapism as the dependent variable. Results supported the study's hypothesis that both parental mediation and adolescent interpersonal skills significantly predict the use of online video games for escapism. Higher levels of parental monitoring were associated with a lower tendency of adolescents to use video games to escape negative emotions, while parental mediation supporting autonomy showed a similar but weaker protective effect. At the same time, parental monitoring was also found to be associated with lower interpersonal skills, notably higher impulsivity, narcissism, and stress in social situations. In addition, adolescents with higher levels of impulsivity were more likely to use video games for escapism. These findings highlight the importance of balanced parental involvement and the development of adolescents' social skills to mitigate the risks of problematic online gaming. Interventions should promote effective parental mediation strategies and enhance adolescents' interpersonal skills to reduce their tendency to use video games as a coping mechanism for real-life challenges. Effective parental mediation and improved interpersonal skills are critical for promoting healthier gaming habits and reducing adolescent escapism.

电子游戏在青少年中的广泛使用引起了人们对其对心理和社会发展影响的关注。本研究旨在评估不同类型的家长调解对青少年利用电子游戏逃避负面情绪倾向的影响,并确定青少年的人际交往能力与他们依赖网络电子游戏逃避现实之间的关系。研究对象是来自 15 所初中和高中的 452 名青少年。研究还收集了社会人口学信息、游戏习惯、父母对网络游戏的控制、人际交往能力以及玩网络游戏的原因等数据。研究采用层次多元回归法对数据进行分析,并将网络电子游戏逃避现实作为因变量。结果支持了研究的假设,即父母的干预和青少年的人际交往能力都能显著预测使用网络电子游戏逃避现实的情况。父母监督程度越高,青少年使用电子游戏逃避负面情绪的倾向就越低,而支持自主性的父母调解也有类似的保护作用,但较弱。与此同时,研究还发现,父母的监督与青少年较低的人际交往能力有关,尤其是较高的冲动性、自恋和社交压力。此外,冲动程度较高的青少年更有可能利用电子游戏来逃避现实。这些研究结果突出表明,父母的均衡参与和青少年社交技能的发展对于降低问题网络游戏的风险非常重要。干预措施应促进父母采取有效的调解策略,并提高青少年的人际交往能力,以减少他们将电子游戏作为应对现实生活挑战的一种机制的倾向。父母的有效调解和人际交往能力的提高对于促进青少年养成更健康的游戏习惯和减少青少年逃避现实的行为至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
John Schulenberg as a developmental scholar and mentor: Personal reflections. 约翰-舒伦堡作为发展学者和导师:个人反思。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13024
Jennifer L Maggs

John Schulenberg has had significant impact on developmental science. His conceptual writing and empirical research, grounded in developmental contextualism, emphasized the critical role that developmental transitions play in shaping health risks, especially substance use, across the life course. Schulenberg's integration of developmental concepts with large-scale epidemiological studies, particularly through his leadership in the Monitoring the Future study, provides key insights into how significant life changes-such as school transitions, employment, and relationships-interact to influence well-being across adolescence and early adulthood. He was a fierce advocate for adolescence and young adulthood being critical phases of life, deserving of focused attention and support. John was also a devoted mentor to the next generation of developmental scientists. This commentary reflects on John Schulenberg's legacy, highlighting five of his foundational concepts (developmental tasks, transitions, trajectories, turning points, and timing) and celebrating his role as a generative and joyful mentor. He fostered open intellectual dialog, promoted and celebrated career development, and took pleasure in life inside and outside work, helping early career scientists to develop innovative and impactful research programs. Schulenberg's commitment to positive relationships and celebrating success is an enduring model for future generations of developmental scientists and mentors.

约翰-舒伦伯格对发展科学产生了重大影响。他的概念写作和实证研究以发展情境主义为基础,强调发展过渡在整个生命过程中对健康风险(尤其是药物使用)的形成所起的关键作用。舒伦伯格将发展概念与大规模流行病学研究相结合,特别是通过他领导的 "监测未来 "研究,为我们提供了重要的洞察力,让我们了解重大的生活变化(如学校过渡、就业和人际关系)如何相互作用,影响整个青春期和成年早期的福祉。他极力主张青春期和青年期是人生的关键阶段,值得重点关注和支持。约翰还是下一代发育科学家的忠实导师。这篇评论对约翰-舒伦伯格的遗产进行了反思,强调了他的五个基本概念(发展任务、过渡、轨迹、转折点和时机),并颂扬了他作为一位富有创造力和快乐的导师所发挥的作用。他促进开放式的知识对话,推动和庆祝职业发展,并从工作内外的生活中获得乐趣,帮助早期职业科学家开发创新和有影响力的研究项目。舒伦伯格致力于积极的人际关系和庆祝成功,是后代发展科学家和导师的永恒典范。
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引用次数: 0
How to address the barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement in health research: A qualitative study. 如何消除青少年参与健康研究的障碍?定性研究。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13031
Azza Warraitch, Ciara Wacker, Emer Buckley, Ashling Bourke, Kristin Hadfield

The under-involvement of adolescents in health research has been attributed to multiple barriers faced by both researchers and adolescents. Despite identifying these barriers, the literature offers few solutions, mostly from the perspective of researchers. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study to explore effective strategies to address these barriers from the perspective of both researchers and adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with adolescents (n = 25) and researchers (n = 25) from 14 countries. We included adolescents aged 10-24 years with experience of contributing to health research studies and health researchers with experience of engaging adolescents in health research. The interviews explored the mitigation strategies to commonly reported barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement for researchers and adolescents. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three overarching strategies to address the commonly experienced barriers to adolescent involvement. First, participants suggested the need to plan for adequate resources, organizational support, capacity building, accessibility, compensation, and adolescents' safety. Second, they recommended building relationships by engaging the community, fostering trust and respect with adolescents, promoting teamwork, and maintaining transparent communication. Third, they proposed making involvement engaging for adolescents by creating a conducive environment, increasing their representation, using interesting methods, and addressing power dynamics. These findings build on the current best practices for adolescent involvement in health research by highlighting which strategies should be incorporated early on to plan for and prevent potential challenges to adolescent involvement.

青少年对健康研究的参与度不高,是由于研究人员和青少年都面临着多重障碍。尽管已经发现了这些障碍,但文献中提供的解决方案却很少,大部分都是从研究人员的角度出发。为此,我们开展了一项定性研究,从研究人员和青少年的角度探讨解决这些障碍的有效策略。我们对来自 14 个国家的青少年(25 人)和研究人员(25 人)进行了半结构化访谈。访谈对象包括有参与健康研究经历的 10-24 岁青少年和有让青少年参与健康研究经历的健康研究人员。访谈探讨了研究人员和青少年在有意义的青少年参与过程中遇到的常见障碍的缓解策略。我们采用反思性主题分析法对数据进行了分析。我们确定了三个总体策略来解决青少年参与研究过程中普遍遇到的障碍。首先,参与者建议需要规划充足的资源、组织支持、能力建设、无障碍环境、补偿和青少年安全。其次,他们建议通过让社区参与、培养与青少年之间的信任和尊重、促进团队合作以及保持透明的沟通来建立关系。第三,他们建议通过创造有利的环境、增加青少年的代表性、使用有趣的方法以及解决权力动态问题,让青少年参与其中。这些研究结果以当前青少年参与健康研究的最佳实践为基础,强调了应尽早纳入哪些策略,以规划和预防青少年参与研究可能面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Like parents, like children… this is not always the case! A longitudinal study on the family transmission of intergroup contact. 有其父必有其子......事实并非总是如此!关于群体间接触的家庭传播的纵向研究。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13029
Maria Pagano, Ioana Zagrean, Daniela Barni, Elisabetta Crocetti

During adolescence, opportunities for interethnic interactions can shape future attitudes toward diversity. However, it is unclear how family can influence adolescents' quality of contact in different life contexts. This study aims to fill this gap. A sample of 702 Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.61, SDage = 1.11, 48.58% girls) and their parents (615 mothers, Mage = 48.45, SDage = 4.34; 487 fathers, Mage = 51.22, SDage = 4.92) completed questionnaires at two time points. Cross-lagged models indicated that adolescents' intergroup contact at T1 was associated with mothers' contact over time, mainly in structured (i.e., school and work) contexts. No significant associations were found regarding fathers' intergroup contact and unstructured contexts. These results shed new light on the process of family transmission during adolescence, particularly regarding intergroup dynamics.

在青少年时期,种族间互动的机会可以塑造未来对多样性的态度。然而,目前还不清楚家庭如何影响青少年在不同生活环境中的接触质量。本研究旨在填补这一空白。702 名意大利青少年(平均年龄为 15.61 岁,平均年龄为 1.11 岁,48.58% 为女孩)及其父母(615 名母亲,平均年龄为 48.45 岁,平均年龄为 4.34 岁;487 名父亲,平均年龄为 51.22 岁,平均年龄为 4.92 岁)在两个时间点填写了调查问卷。交叉滞后模型显示,青少年在第一阶段的群体间接触与母亲在一段时间内的接触有关,主要是在有组织的(即学校和工作)环境中。而父亲的群体间接触与非结构化情境则无明显关联。这些结果为青少年时期的家庭传承过程,尤其是群体间的动态传承过程提供了新的线索。
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引用次数: 0
Substance use among Latinx youth: The roles of sociocultural influences, family factors, and childhood adversity. 拉丁裔青少年的药物使用情况:社会文化影响、家庭因素和童年逆境的作用。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13025
Lucinda Okine, Jennifer B Unger

Substance use among youth is associated with adverse consequences and may increase vulnerability to addiction and psychiatric disorders later in life. Sociocultural factors such as discrimination have been associated with substance use, while positive cultural resources, such as enculturation and familism, have demonstrated protective outcomes. However, few studies have highlighted how family factors influence substance use among Latinx youth during their transition from adolescence to young adulthood. This study used longitudinal data to explore the associations between sociocultural factors, family factors, childhood adversity, and substance use among Latinx youth. The data were from a longitudinal study of acculturation and substance use among Latinx youth in Southern California (n = 1257, 52.1% female, mixed socioeconomic status). The average age was 14.5 (SD = 0.39). Data collection began in 2005 and ended in 2016. Hierarchical regression models showed that discrimination was associated with higher problematic alcohol susceptibility. Childhood adversity was associated with higher odds of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Parental communication was associated with lower odds of problematic alcohol and marijuana use. To promote youth well-being, preventive efforts should prioritize reducing childhood adversity and discrimination, while fostering positive family relationships. Overall, our findings suggest the need for interventions targeting various systemic levels to effectively address substance use among Latinx youth.

青少年吸食毒品会带来不良后果,并可能增加日后染上毒瘾和精神疾病的可能性。歧视等社会文化因素与药物使用有关,而文化涵化和家庭主义等积极的文化资源则具有保护作用。然而,很少有研究强调家庭因素如何影响拉美裔青少年从青春期向青年期过渡期间的药物使用情况。本研究利用纵向数据来探讨社会文化因素、家庭因素、童年逆境和拉美裔青少年药物使用之间的关联。数据来自一项关于南加州拉丁裔青少年文化适应和药物使用的纵向研究(n = 1257,52.1% 为女性,社会经济地位参差不齐)。平均年龄为 14.5 岁(SD = 0.39)。数据收集始于 2005 年,止于 2016 年。层次回归模型显示,歧视与较高的问题酒精易感性相关。童年逆境与较高的烟草、酒精和大麻使用几率相关。父母的沟通与较低的酗酒和吸食大麻几率有关。为了促进青少年的福祉,预防工作应优先考虑减少童年逆境和歧视,同时培养积极的家庭关系。总之,我们的研究结果表明,有必要采取针对不同系统层面的干预措施,以有效解决拉丁裔青少年使用药物的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnic-racial discrimination and socialization: Short-term longitudinal effects on Black and Latinx young adults' ethnic-racial identity. 民族-种族歧视与社会化:对黑人和拉美裔青少年种族认同的短期纵向影响。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13028
Kayla M Osman, Steven Berkley, Katharine H Zeiders, Antoinette M Landor

Short-term longitudinal data were used to examine how racial discrimination, cultural socialization (CS), and preparation for bias (PB) related to Black and Latinx young adults' public and private regard. Black (n = 90) and Latinx (n = 54) young adults (Mage = 20 years) were assessed at two time points, 6 weeks apart. Racial discrimination predicted lower levels of public regard 6 week later; whereas PB predicted greater levels of private regard. CS moderated the relations between racial discrimination and private regard suggesting that at low levels of CS, discrimination related to lower private regard 6 weeks later. Findings demonstrate the short-term effects of racial discrimination and suggest that ethnic-racial socialization is a salient cultural resource for young adults.

我们使用短期纵向数据来研究种族歧视、文化社会化(CS)和偏见准备(PB)与黑人和拉丁裔年轻成年人的公共和私人看法之间的关系。黑人(n = 90)和拉丁裔(n = 54)年轻人(年龄 = 20 岁)在两个时间点接受了评估,两个时间点相隔 6 周。种族歧视预示着 6 周后较低的公众评价水平;而 PB 则预示着较高的私人评价水平。CS调节了种族歧视与私人关注之间的关系,表明在低CS水平下,歧视与6周后较低的私人关注有关。研究结果表明了种族歧视的短期影响,并表明民族-种族社会化是年轻人的一种突出的文化资源。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Research on Adolescence
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