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When ethnic minorities hit the headlines: The longitudinal associations between news features and adolescents' ethnic prejudice 当少数民族成为头条新闻时:新闻特写与青少年种族偏见之间的纵向关联。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13013
Beatrice Bobba, Adele Miniati, Elisabetta Crocetti

Ethnic prejudice poses great challenges to adolescents' adjustment to multicultural societies. However, little is known about the role of the media in influencing attitudes in adolescence. Combining information environment and ecological development theories, the current study examined the longitudinal associations between the quantity, valence (i.e., neutral, positive, and negative), and target (i.e., migrant, refugee, and foreigner) of the news about ethnic minority groups and youth's affective and cognitive prejudice. In total, 962 adolescents (Mage = 15.67, 48.13% females) completed questionnaires at two time points, and news data were gathered from a national newspaper. While news quantity did not matter, positive and negative news were respectively associated with reduced and increased levels of cognitive, but not affective, prejudice. Nuanced associations emerged when accounting for the news target. Results were replicated regardless of adolescents' direct consumption of newspapers. These findings highlight the role of the information environment and suggest the need to account for it in planning interventions.

种族偏见给青少年适应多元文化社会带来了巨大挑战。然而,人们对媒体在影响青少年态度方面的作用知之甚少。本研究结合信息环境和生态发展理论,考察了有关少数民族群体的新闻的数量、价值(即中性、正面和负面)和对象(即移民、难民和外国人)与青少年的情感和认知偏见之间的纵向联系。共有 962 名青少年(年龄 = 15.67,女性占 48.13%)在两个时间点填写了问卷,新闻数据来自一份全国性报纸。虽然新闻数量并不重要,但正面和负面新闻分别与认知偏见水平的降低和上升有关,而与情感偏见无关。当考虑到新闻目标时,出现了细微的关联。无论青少年是否直接阅读报纸,研究结果都是相同的。这些发现强调了信息环境的作用,并建议在规划干预措施时需要考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Relations between adolescent perceptions of household chaos and externalizing and internalizing behaviors in low- and middle-income families 中低收入家庭中青少年对家庭混乱的看法与外化和内化行为之间的关系。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13016
Daniesha S. Hunter-Rue, Portia Miller, Jamie L. Hanson, Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal

A large body of literature has established that chaos in the home environment, characterized by high levels of disorganization, lack of household routine, crowding, noise, and unpredictability, undermines social–emotional and behavioral development in early childhood. It is less clear whether household chaos is linked to elevated risk for behavior problems in adolescence. The aims of this study were 3fold: (1) characterize the variability of adolescent and caregiver reports of household chaos over time; (2) examine associations among caregiver and adolescent reports of chaos over a 9-month period; (3) consider how between- and within- individual variability in household chaos predicts adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems. This study drew data from the Family Income Dynamics study, a 9-month longitudinal study. Participants included 104 adolescents between 14 and 16 years old (55% female; M age = 14.85) and their caregiver (92% female) from low- and middle-income families. Results showed that adolescent-reports of household chaos were more variable over time compared to caregivers' reports. Adolescent-reports of household chaos had positive within- and between-level associations with externalizing problems and between-level associations with internalizing, while caregiver-reports of chaos had no links to behavior. This work highlights the importance of adolescents' own perceptions of household chaos when considering its links to adolescent development.

大量文献已经证实,家庭环境的混乱,其特点是高度无序、缺乏家务常规、拥挤、噪音和不可预测性,会损害幼儿期的社会情感和行为发展。至于家庭混乱是否与青少年行为问题的高风险有关,目前还不太清楚。本研究的目的有三:(1)描述青少年和照顾者对家庭混乱状况的报告随时间变化的特点;(2)研究照顾者和青少年对混乱状况的报告在 9 个月内的关联;(3)考虑家庭混乱状况在个体间和个体内的变化如何预测青少年的外化和内化问题。本研究从为期 9 个月的纵向研究 "家庭收入动态研究 "中提取数据。参与者包括来自中低收入家庭的104名14至16岁青少年(55%为女性;平均年龄=14.85岁)及其照顾者(92%为女性)。结果显示,与照顾者的报告相比,青少年对家庭混乱的报告随着时间的推移变化更大。青少年报告的家庭混乱情况与外化问题有正相关,与内化问题有正相关,而照顾者报告的混乱情况与行为没有联系。这项研究强调,在考虑家庭混乱与青少年成长的关系时,青少年自身对家庭混乱的看法非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring student mindsets at scale in resource-constrained settings: A toolkit with an application to Brazil during the pandemic 在资源有限的情况下大规模衡量学生的心态:在大流行病期间应用于巴西的工具包。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13008
Guilherme Lichand, Elliot Ash, Benjamin Arold, Jairo Gudino, Carlos Alberto Doria, Ana Trindade, Eric Bettinger, David Yeager

Mounting evidence that growth mindset—the belief that intelligence is not fixed and can be developed—improves educational outcomes has spurred additional interest in how to measure and promote it in other contexts. Most of this research, however, focuses on high-income countries, where the most common protocols for measuring and intervening on student mindsets rely on connected devices—often unavailable in low- and middle-income countries' schools. This paper develops a toolkit to measure student mindsets in resource-constrained settings, specifically in the context of Brazilian secondary public schools. Concretely, we convert the computer-based survey instruments into text messages (SMS). Collecting mindset survey data from 3570 students in São Paulo State as schools gradually reopened in early 2021, we validate our methodology by matching key patterns in our data to previous findings in the literature. We also train a machine learning model on our data and show that it can (1) accurately classify students' SMS responses, (2) accurately classify student mindsets even based on text written in other media, and (3) rate the fidelity of different interventions to the published growth mindset curricula.

越来越多的证据表明,成长型思维模式--相信智力不是固定不变的,是可以发展的--可以改善教育成果,这激发了人们对如何在其他情况下衡量和促进成长型思维模式的更多兴趣。然而,这些研究大多集中在高收入国家,而在这些国家,测量和干预学生心态的最常见方案依赖于联网设备,而中低收入国家的学校往往没有联网设备。本文开发了一个工具包,用于在资源有限的环境中测量学生的心态,特别是在巴西公立中学的背景下。具体而言,我们将基于计算机的调查工具转换为短信(SMS)。随着学校在 2021 年初逐步重新开学,我们收集了圣保罗州 3570 名学生的心态调查数据,并将数据中的关键模式与以往文献中的研究结果进行比对,从而验证了我们的方法。我们还在数据上训练了一个机器学习模型,结果表明该模型可以:(1)准确地对学生的短信回复进行分类;(2)即使基于其他媒体上的文字也能准确地对学生的心态进行分类;以及(3)对不同干预措施与已发布的成长心态课程的忠实度进行评级。
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引用次数: 0
Problematic internet use profiles and their associated factors among adolescents 青少年使用互联网的问题概况及其相关因素。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13014
José A. Piqueras, Pilar Rico-Bordera, Manuel Galán, Carlos García-Oliva, Juan C. Marzo, David Pineda

The cognitive-behavioral model of generalized Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is the theoretical approach that has obtained the most evidence on the study of this problem, which includes four components: Online Social Preference, Mood Regulation, Deficient Self-Regulation, and Negative Outcomes. This study aimed to identify PIU profiles using Latent Profile Analysis, and to analyze the differences in them attending to some of the principal PIU risk and protective factors. A total of 675 Spanish adolescents completed questionnaires assessing PIU, Internet usage, mental health problems, personality, psychological strengths, and family relationships. Four profiles were obtained: Nonproblematic use (68.30% of the sample), Slightly problematic use (17.90% of the sample), Problematic use (8.50% of the sample), and Severe problematic use (5.40% of the sample). Results showed differences between them, with the profile with more PIU having more risk factors and less protective factors. Results showed that many different personal and social variables included in the study play a role in PIU. Knowing the different PIU profiles can help in the design of more specific and precise procedures and instruments for risk assessment, as well as aiding in prevention and in the design of more individualized treatments.

认知行为模式是研究普遍性问题性网络使用(PIU)的理论方法,在该问题的研究中获得了最多的证据,它包括四个组成部分:网络社交偏好、情绪调节、自我调节缺陷和负面结果。本研究旨在利用潜特征分析法确定 PIU 的特征,并根据 PIU 的一些主要风险和保护因素分析它们之间的差异。共有 675 名西班牙青少年填写了调查问卷,对 PIU、互联网使用、心理健康问题、个性、心理优势和家庭关系进行了评估。得出了四种情况:无问题使用(占样本的 68.30%)、轻微问题使用(占样本的 17.90%)、问题使用(占样本的 8.50%)和严重问题使用(占样本的 5.40%)。结果显示,它们之间存在差异,PIU 较高的样本具有较多的风险因素和较少的保护因素。结果表明,研究中的许多不同的个人和社会变量对 PIU 起着一定的作用。了解不同的 PIU 特征有助于设计更具体、更精确的风险评估程序和工具,也有助于预防和设计更个性化的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal effects of peer victimization on adolescents' future educational and work expectations: Depressive symptoms as a mechanism 同伴伤害对青少年未来教育和工作期望的纵向影响:抑郁症状作为一种机制
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13012
Hannah L. Schacter, Faizun N. Bakth, Je'Nae Johnson, Adam J. Hoffman

Leveraging six waves of data, this study examined the effects of ninth-grade peer victimization on adolescents' future work and education expectations 2 years later, testing depressive symptoms as a mechanism. Participants (N = 388, Mage = 14.05; 61% female, 35% male, 3% non-binary, trans, or other gender; 46% White, 19% Black, 17% Asian, 6% AMENA, 6% Multiracial, 6% other race) completed surveys from ninth through 11th grade. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced more frequent relational, but not overt, peer victimization in ninth grade were subsequently more pessimistic about their educational and occupational prospects beyond high school; depressive symptoms mediated this link. The findings suggest that relational victimization and its psychological harm may undermine adolescents' confidence in achieving postsecondary success.

本研究利用六波数据,考察了九年级同伴伤害对青少年两年后未来工作和教育期望的影响,并将抑郁症状作为一种机制进行了测试。参与者(N = 388,Mage = 14.05;61% 女性,35% 男性,3% 非二元、变性或其他性别;46% 白人,19% 黑人,17% 亚洲人,6% AMENA 人,6% 多种族人,6% 其他种族人)完成了从九年级到十一年级的调查。结果表明,在九年级时经历过更频繁的同伴关系伤害(而非公开伤害)的青少年随后对高中毕业后的教育和职业前景更加悲观;抑郁症状对这种联系起到了调节作用。研究结果表明,关系性伤害及其心理伤害可能会削弱青少年在中学毕业后取得成功的信心。
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引用次数: 0
Does grit predict thriving or is it the other way around? A latent cross-lagged panel model on the triarchic model of grit and the 5Cs of positive youth development 勇气预示着茁壮成长还是相反?关于 "勇气 "三层次模型和青少年积极发展 5C 模型的潜在交叉滞后面板模型。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13011
Jet Uy Buenconsejo, Jesus Alfonso D. Datu, Duo Liu

Grit, defined as passion and perseverance to achieve long-term goals, has been associated with adolescents' optimal academic and psychological functioning. However, the role of grit in adolescents' positive youth development (PYD)—characterized by the 5Cs known as competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring—remains unknown. Using latent cross-lagged panel modeling, this study examined the longitudinal relations between the triarchic model of grit (TMG) dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interest, and adaptability to situations), and the 5Cs of PYD while controlling for specific socio-demographic covariates (gender, age, SES, and school type). Data were obtained from 1620 Filipino adolescents (Mage = 17.15; SDage = 1.00) in November 2021 and May 2022. Results show that grit dimensions predicted subsequent PYD dimensions, but not vice versa. Specifically, while perseverance and adaptability were linked to higher levels of competence, confidence, and character, consistency was associated with lower levels of competence and confidence six months later. Results highlight the importance of grit's dimensions in facilitating PYD characteristics among adolescents, especially efficacy-related Cs (competence and confidence). Theoretical and practical implications in promoting adolescent thriving and well-being are discussed.

勇气被定义为实现长期目标的热情和毅力,它与青少年的最佳学业和心理功能有关。然而,勇气在青少年积极发展(PYD)中的作用--以能力、自信、联系、品格和爱心这5C为特征--仍不为人知。本研究利用潜在的交叉滞后面板模型,在控制特定社会人口协变量(性别、年龄、社会经济地位和学校类型)的情况下,考察了勇气的三层次模型(TMG)维度(即努力的持久性、兴趣的一致性和对情况的适应性)与PYD的5Cs之间的纵向关系。数据来自 2021 年 11 月和 2022 年 5 月的 1620 名菲律宾青少年(年龄平均值 = 17.15;年龄最小值 = 1.00)。结果表明,勇气维度可以预测后续的PYD维度,但反之亦然。具体来说,毅力和适应性与较高的能力、信心和性格水平相关,而一致性则与六个月后较低的能力和信心水平相关。研究结果凸显了勇气的各个维度在促进青少年PYD特征方面的重要性,尤其是与效率相关的Cs(能力和信心)。本文讨论了在促进青少年茁壮成长和幸福方面的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Coping with ethnic-racial discrimination: Protective-reactive effects of shift-and-persist coping on internalizing symptoms among Black American adolescents 应对民族-种族歧视:在美国黑人青少年中,转变和坚持应对对内化症状的保护-反应效应。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13010
Cassidy Dal Santo, Ariane Desmarais, N. Keita Christophe

Ethnic-racial discrimination has pervasive negative effects on Black youth's mental health; therefore, it is crucial to identify factors that provide resilience against discrimination. Two promising factors to help youth cope are ethnic-racial identity (how one feels about their ethnicity/race) and shift-and-persist coping (reappraising and accepting an uncontrollable stressor while remaining optimistic about the future). While there is existing scholarship on ethnic-racial identity among Black youth, this work has not yet assessed the impacts of shift-and-persist in this population. Using a sample of 155 Black youth (ages 13–17), the current study examined the interplay between discrimination, ethnic-racial identity, shift-and-persist coping, and internalizing symptoms. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were positively associated with discrimination and negatively associated with shift-and-persist. Significant interactions between discrimination and shift-and-persist predicting both depressive and anxiety symptoms revealed significant negative associations between shift-and-persist and internalizing symptoms at low and average, but not high discrimination levels. Effects are, thus, protective-reactive; the protective effects of shift-and-persist are not significant for youth facing high levels of discrimination. Ethnic-racial identity, surprisingly, was not significantly associated with either depressive or anxiety symptoms, nor did it interact with shift-and-persist as it has in studies of Latinx youth. By understanding the protective benefits of shift-and-persist and ethnic-racial identity in Black youth, during a pivotal period for mental health, we can provide this growing population with tools to lessen the maladaptive outcomes associated with discrimination.

族裔--种族歧视对黑人青年的心理健康具有普遍的负面影响;因此,确定能够提供抵御歧视能力的因素至关重要。帮助青少年应对的两个有希望的因素是民族-种族认同(一个人对其民族/种族的感觉)和转变-坚持应对(重新评估和接受无法控制的压力,同时对未来保持乐观)。虽然目前已有关于黑人青年民族-种族认同的学术研究,但这项工作尚未评估转变和坚持对这一人群的影响。本研究以 155 名黑人青年(13-17 岁)为样本,考察了歧视、民族-种族认同、转变和坚持应对以及内化症状之间的相互作用。抑郁和焦虑症状与歧视呈正相关,而与转变和坚持呈负相关。歧视与转变和坚持对抑郁和焦虑症状的预测之间存在显著的交互作用,这表明在低度和中度歧视水平下,转变和坚持与内化症状之间存在显著的负相关,而在高度歧视水平下则没有。因此,这种效应是保护-反应性的;对于面临严重歧视的青少年来说,转变和坚持的保护效应并不明显。令人惊讶的是,民族-种族认同与抑郁症状或焦虑症状都没有明显的关联,也没有像对拉美裔青少年的研究那样与 "轮班和坚持 "产生相互作用。在黑人青年心理健康的关键时期,通过了解转变和坚持以及民族-种族认同对他们的保护作用,我们可以为这一日益增长的人群提供工具,减少与歧视相关的不良后果。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent digital emotion regulation 青少年数字情绪调节。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13009
Tom Hollenstein, Katie Faulkner

The maturation of effective emotion regulation (ER) skills is a core achievement of adolescence and youth are now developing their ER habits and skills in a hybrid reality of digital and non-digital experiences. We present a new model of adolescent digital emotion regulation as a conceptual framework to help guide burgeoning research in this area. We distinguish two primary processes: the regulation of emotions that have been elicited within digital contexts (i.e., the regulation of digitally induced emotions), and how youth regulate their emotions through digital means (i.e., digitally regulated emotion). Following the explication of different pathways in the model and consideration of the affordances of digital contexts, we highlight how this framework connects to theory and guides future research.

有效情绪调节(ER)技能的成熟是青少年时期的一项核心成就,而现在青少年正在数字和非数字体验的混合现实中培养他们的情绪调节习惯和技能。我们提出了一个新的青少年数字情绪调节模型,作为指导该领域新兴研究的概念框架。我们区分了两个主要过程:在数字环境中激发的情绪调节(即数字诱发情绪的调节),以及青少年如何通过数字手段调节自己的情绪(即数字调节情绪)。在阐述了模型中的不同途径并考虑了数字情境的可承受性之后,我们强调了这一框架如何与理论相联系并指导未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
How peer status and ability track shape behavioral disengagement over the transition from primary to secondary school 在从小学到中学的过渡时期,同伴地位和能力轨迹是如何影响行为脱离的。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13006
Sofie J. Lorijn, Lydia Laninga-Wijnen, Allison M. Ryan

The transition from primary to secondary school is often associated with an increase in behavioral disengagement, which undermines students' academic development. Prior studies examined the average development of behavioral disengagement across school transitions. This study examined how students' peer status in primary school and ability track in secondary school relate to trajectories of behavioral disengagement. We followed n = 1564 students who transitioned to secondary school across three time points: February/March, and May/June in students' final year of primary school and January/February, roughly 6 months after students transited to secondary school. Latent Growth Curve Analyses showed that on average, behavioral disengagement increased, but this increase mostly occurred before transitioning to secondary school. Peer status and track related to students' initial levels of behavioral disengagement, but not to their development in behavioral disengagement over the transition. Specifically, students who were viewed as more popular by peers, and students who ended up in the lowest track showed more behavioral disengagement in primary school, whereas students who were more accepted by peers were less disengaged in primary school.

从小学到中学的过渡往往与行为脱离的增加有关,这会损害学生的学业发展。之前的研究考察了学生在升学过程中行为脱离的平均发展情况。本研究考察了学生在小学的同伴地位和中学的能力轨迹与行为脱离的轨迹之间的关系。我们在三个时间点跟踪了 n = 1564 名升入中学的学生:我们对 1564 名升入中学的学生进行了三个时间点的跟踪调查:小学最后一年的 2 月/3 月和 5 月/6 月,以及升入中学约 6 个月后的 1 月/2 月。潜增长曲线分析表明,平均而言,行为脱离程度有所上升,但这种上升主要发生在升入中学之前。同伴地位和轨迹与学生最初的行为脱离程度有关,但与他们在升学过程中行为脱离程度的发展无关。具体来说,那些更受同学欢迎的学生以及最终被分到最低年级的学生在小学阶段表现出更多的行为脱离,而那些更受同学接纳的学生在小学阶段的行为脱离程度较低。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating the family stress model within a longitudinal sibling-adoption study of adolescent externalizing behavior 在青少年外化行为的兄弟姐妹收养纵向研究中整合家庭压力模型。
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13001
Veronica Oro, Elizabeth J. S. Bates, Misaki N. Natsuaki, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Jody M. Ganiban, Daniel S. Shaw, Leslie D. Leve

Using a sample of linked adopted children, adoptive and birth parents (N = 561), and biological siblings residing in the birth parent home (N = 191), we examined the role of genetics within family stress processes. We tested parental hostility (7 years) as a mediator of the associations between socioeconomic strain and rearing parent psychopathology (4 years) and adolescent externalizing behaviors (11 years) in adoptive and biological parent homes. Next, we examined parent social support (4 years) as a moderator of paths from socioeconomic strain and parent psychopathology to parental hostility. Parental hostility significantly mediated effects of socioeconomic strain and parent psychopathology on adolescent externalizing behaviors in biological and adoptive parent homes, respectively. Equivalence testing of the paths to adolescent externalizing behaviors across family types indicated a negligible role of passive gene–environment correlation. Parent social support significantly attenuated the effect of parent psychopathology on parental hostility in biological families. Birth parent externalizing behaviors were not significantly associated with adoptee externalizing behaviors nor adoptive parent hostility, suggesting negligible heritable risk or evocative gene–environment processes. Full- and half-sibling correlations indicated that children's unique rearing contexts contributed to the parenting they received and the externalizing behavior they exhibited. Implications for intervention are discussed.

通过对收养子女、收养父母和亲生父母(561 人)以及居住在亲生父母家中的亲生兄弟姐妹(191 人)进行抽样调查,我们研究了遗传在家庭压力过程中的作用。我们测试了在收养家庭和亲生父母家庭中,父母敌意(7 年)作为社会经济压力与养育父母精神病理学(4 年)和青少年外化行为(11 年)之间关系的中介。接下来,我们研究了父母社会支持(4 年)对社会经济压力和父母心理病理学与父母敌意之间关系的调节作用。在亲生父母家庭和收养父母家庭中,父母敌意分别对社会经济压力和父母心理病理学对青少年外化行为的影响产生了明显的调节作用。对不同家庭类型的青少年外化行为路径进行等效测试表明,被动基因-环境相关性的作用微乎其微。在亲生父母家庭中,父母的社会支持明显减弱了父母精神病理学对父母敌意的影响。亲生父母的外化行为与被收养者的外化行为或收养父母的敌对行为没有明显关联,这表明遗传风险或诱发基因-环境过程可以忽略不计。全兄弟姐妹和同父异母兄弟姐妹的相关性表明,儿童独特的养育环境对他们所接受的养育方式以及他们所表现出的外化行为都有影响。本文讨论了干预的意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Research on Adolescence
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