Journal of Sleep Research最新文献

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss condition. Iron deficiency contributes to hair loss; and sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), have systemic effects, especially hypoxia OSA-induced that links hair loss with iron metabolism. The study aimed to investigate how iron markers relate to OSA severity in AGA. Data from the 4th edition of the São Paulo Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO) were analysed. Participants self-reported AGA, underwent polysomnography, and provided blood samples. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for age, sex, and metabolic syndrome. From 769 participants, 747 self-reported AGA status; 81 were enrolled in the AGA group (17 women and 64 men) and 666 in the Non-AGA group (423 women and 243 men). After PSM, 160 individuals (80 matched pairs) were retained, including 34 women (n = 17 per group) and 126 men (n = 63 per group). In the AGA group, serum iron was significantly correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in both sexes, particularly in women. Ferritin levels were positively associated with AHI and desaturation index in women. Serum iron was negatively correlated with the desaturation index in men. In Non-AGA men, transferrin was positively correlated with AHI and negatively correlated with sleep efficiency. These associations remained significant even after PSM. In conclusion, serum components of iron metabolism, particularly iron and ferritin, can have an association with OSA severity in AGA. This highlights the importance of considering iron profiles in the management of OSA, including AGA. Further examinations are warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying these metabolic associations.

Sleep is a fundamental process supporting the dynamic regulation of neural function. Emerging methods have proposed that the aperiodic components of brain signals (such as the spectral slope, spectral intercept, and spectral knee), in addition to entropy-based measures, offer robust empirical markers of neural states. The present study investigates the sensitivity of these broadband spectral metrics in comparison to classical band-limited measures, specifically slow wave activity (SWA; 0.75-4.5 Hz), in a 9-day mouse sleep deprivation paradigm involving baseline, sleep restriction, and recovery phases (open-source database). Spectral parameters were computed using the FOOOF algorithm. Results indicate that SWA differentiates between baseline and rebound sleep only during NREM episodes. In contrast, both the spectral slope and spectral intercept capture sleep deprivation-related changes during both REM and NREM sleep, suggesting these fractal measures reflect sleep homeostasis across stages. Given the shift of the spectral knee towards higher frequencies in mice (~8-10 Hz) as compared to humans (generally around 1 Hz), eliminating the overlap of the spectral slope with the traditional SWA range in these rodents, homeostatic regulation appears to be not strictly bounded to the lower frequencies (0.75-4.5 Hz). Normalised spectral entropy did not differentiate between baseline and recovery sleep, potentially due to its sample size sensitivity. These findings support the empirical utility of broadband spectral parameters in assessing sleep-wake dynamics and highlight their potential to complement or surpass traditional band-limited metrics.

Post-operative delirium (POD) is an acute deterioration in cognitive function and highly prevalent after cardiac surgery (CS; up to 55%). Perioperative sleep disorders (PSD) are also commonly noted in surgical patients (up to 60%). The primary aim of our systematic review is to determine the association between PSD and POD in CS patients during their hospital stay. We searched five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE) to identify studies evaluating the association between PSD and POD amongst CS (any open-heart CS) patients, without time and geographic restriction. Original articles that focused on adults undergoing cardiac surgeries and assessed sleep and POD were included. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model to determine the effect of sleep quality on POD. Thirty-three studies were included (63% observational designs); most studies originated from China (33%). The most frequently used subjective and objective sleep assessment tools were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (33%) and polysomnography (18%). After pooling observational data, we identified an incidence of POD ranging from 3.6% to 73%. Increased PSQI scores (standard threshold > 5) were associated with a greater likelihood of POD occurrence (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.73, p > 0.05). Lower total sleep time (SMD = -0.68, p < 0.05) was associated with an increased risk of POD. Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and sleep-disordered breathing are prevalent forms of PSD and are major risk factors for POD following CS. Additional research is warranted to clarify when sleep quality normalises after cardiac surgery and how targeted interventions can accelerate this recovery.

Studies in mammal models show that reduced sleep is associated with increased food intake. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a promising model for studying sleep and feeding behaviour due to its similarities with mammals. Our goal was to investigate whether sleep restriction increases food intake in zebrafish, its potential effects on central regulation of feeding, and whether effects are similar in both sexes. Individually housed male and female adult zebrafish were exposed to nighttime (ND) or daytime (DD) vibrations and compared to a control group without vibration (n = 30 males and n = 27 females). ND, but not DD, reduced sleep during the disturbance period, with males showing a significant effect and females exhibiting an altered sleep pattern without a statistically significant reduction. ND also significantly increased food intake in males, as measured by daily milligrammes and number of pellets consumed. In contrast, ND females exhibited a decrease in the time spent feeding, suggesting a sex-specific response to sleep disruption. The whole brain expression of neuropeptide Y (npy), proopiomelanocortin (pomc), and its receptor melanocortin-4 (mc4r) were analysed by RT-qPCR. Males from ND exhibited significantly reduced pomc mRNA levels. Grouped-housed (three male and two female) zebrafish exposed to ND also exhibited increased food intake. In conclusion, sleep restriction affected food intake behaviour and the central regulation in zebrafish, with distinct sex-specific effects.

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between putting the infant to bed with a bottle and maternal-reported infant sleep problems using a 3-wave cross-lagged model. Participants included 299 mother-infant dyads. When infants were 2, 6 and 14 months old, mothers reported their feeding practices using the Infant Feeding Practices Questionnaire II and infant sleep problems using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Over and above covariates (maternal education, race, WIC participation, depressive symptoms, maternal sleep quality, breastfeeding status and weekly work hours), concurrent associations and stability pathways, putting the infant to bed with a bottle at 2 months predicted higher infant sleep onset latency, time awake at night and frequency of night wakings at 6 months. Infant nighttime sleep duration and frequency of night wakings at 6 months predicted greater maternal use of bottle to bed at 14 months. The indirect pathway from bottle to bed at 2 months to bottle to bed at 14 months via frequency of infant night wakings at 6 months was statistically significant supporting the transactional model whereby both mothers and infants influence the other's subsequent behaviour. The importance of preventing mothers from providing a bottle to bed and strategies to do so are discussed.

Technology use is often implicated in adolescent sleep difficulties, yet experimental evidence confirming its impact on bedtime is critically lacking. This study tested whether online socialising with friends delays bedtime compared to non-social online media use, while also considering the roles of friendship quality and personality. Seventeen pairs of female friends (N = 34; ages 16-18 years) spent two nights in a sleep laboratory: one night online socialising with their friend in another room (WhatsApp + Netflix), and one night watching Netflix alone without socialising. Condition order was counterbalanced across pairs. Bedtime was behaviorally observed using infrared cameras. The following morning, participants reported who initiated sleep and their reasons for going to bed. They also completed questionnaires on friendship quality, co-rumination, self-control, bedtime procrastination, and a sleep diary. Multilevel models accounted for the nested structure of repeated assessments within individuals within dyads. On average, participants went to bed later during online socialising than during non-social online use, although this difference was not statistically significant. However, higher friendship quality significantly predicted longer bedtime delays during online socialising, with delays up to 72 min. Feeling sleepy was the primary reason for sleep onset, rather than social motivations. Additionally, there were clear associations between self-reported sleep initiation and bedtime procrastination and behavioural observations of earlier and later bedtimes, respectively. These experimental findings suggest that online socialising may delay adolescent bedtimes, particularly among those with high-quality friendships. These results underscore the importance of addressing peer dynamics and individual differences in supporting healthy adolescent sleep.

Agomelatine, a melatoninergic antidepressant, is often prescribed to improve sleep disturbance, though meta-analytic evidence is currently lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed its efficacy and tolerability in sleep outcomes compared to placebo. We systematically searched clinical trial registries (Cochrane Central, WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov) and databases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO) up to February 16, 2025, for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing agomelatine with placebo that reported sleep-related outcomes. Analyses were conducted using a random-effects model on an intention-to-treat basis. Risk ratios (RR) were used for dichotomous outcomes, weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous outcomes, and Hedge's adjusted g (SMD) when different scales were used. Primary outcomes included subjective and objective total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and treatment-emergent somnolence and insomnia. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses explored heterogeneity and assessed robustness. Twenty-five RCTs with 6812 participants were included. No significant effect was found for objective total sleep time (MD = -15.73 min, 95% CI: -49.68; 18.22), while subjective sleep quality improved more with agomelatine than placebo (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21; 0.40). Agomelatine was associated with fewer incidents of insomnia (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39; 0.90) but more incidents of somnolence (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.75). Agomelatine was found to cause marginally more adverse effects than placebo (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00; 1.11). Overall, agomelatine appears to slightly improve sleep quality and is well-tolerated and safe, although the limited data for many outcomes warrant cautious interpretation.

Patients suffering from Nonorganic Insomnia (NI) are burdened by significant subjective daytime impairments which contribute to the reduction of quality of life for the patients and lead to greater healthcare utilization and increased indirect costs. Besides being central to diagnosis, operationalized criteria for daytime symptoms are lacking and data remain heterogeneous, especially regarding objectively measurable deficits. This study examines daytime performance in 329 NI patients through neuropsychological testing as well as self-report questionnaires, and correlates the results with polysomnographic data. In the main analysis, neuropsychological data, normalized for age and health status, displayed no impairment of vigilance or alertness-contrary to what is often assumed for NI and what would typically be expected in cases of sleepiness. For secondary analyses, neuropsychological data was then correlated with self-report and polysomnographic measures, and comparisons between NI patients with and without comorbidities were conducted. NI patients displayed a positive correlation of performance with nocturnal arousal markers, predominantly during REM sleep and a slightly diminished capability to increase focus in the phasic compared to tonic alertness paradigm. In summary, the current study in a well characterized large sample of NI patients with state-of-the-art measures of the most sensitive markers for sleep related daytime impairment found no evidence for diminished general vigilance or alertness due to sleep loss. The results help to understand conflicting evidence on neurocognitive deficits in insomnia by distinguishing between alertness or vigilance deficits and subtle changes in neurocognitive processing that might be better interpreted in line with underlying hyperarousal and anxiety.

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline survey of participants aged > 30 years enrolled in the Mwanza HIV&CVD Cohort in Tanzania. Our primary objective was to examine the association between HIV status and sleep apnea (SA). Secondary objectives were (1) to examine the association between HIV status and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and (2) to identify risk factors associated with SA and with EDS. The cohort enrolled 500 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 500 people without HIV (PWoH) in 2021-2023. Participants completed overnight oximetry; SA was defined as an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of ≥ 5 events/h. EDS was defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (ESS) of ≥ 11. The median age was 46 and 43 in PLWH and PWoH, respectively. The prevalence of sleep apnea was similar between PLWH and PWoH (17% and 19%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60-1.17). In contrast, the prevalence of EDS (ESS score ≥ 11) was higher in PWoH (21%) than in PLWH (13%) (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.41-0.83). In a multivariable model, factors associated with SA were older age, alcohol use, higher BMI category, hypertension and depression. Both objectively measured SA and subjectively reported EDS are common in Tanzanian adults. SA was strongly associated with overweight or obesity, suggesting that the prevalence of SA will grow with projected increases in age and obesity rates in Tanzania.