Journal of Sleep Research最新文献

People who use substances commonly experience sleep disruptions, affecting the regulation of physical and mental health, and presenting a significant barrier to treatment success. Sleep impairments are noted in all phases of substance use; however, differences between subjective versus objective methods used to measure sleep quality have been reported. While polysomnography is the gold-standard for sleep measurement, recent advances in actigraphy may help address the discordance between subjective and objective sleep reports. This systematic review examined emerging evidence (2016-present) for sleep impairment in people who use substances, with the twofold goal of: (1) identifying whether sleep outcomes vary across substance type (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine and opioids); and (2) contrasting results from subjective and objective measures. While some differences between subjective and objective sleep were noted, there was overwhelming evidence of clinically relevant sleep impairment in people who use alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine and opioids, with less consistent results for cannabis. Gaps in the literature are identified and future recommendations are presented, including utilization of common methodological frameworks, identification of mechanisms, and closer examination of sleep across stages of substance use and the interconnection between sleep and return to use.

To investigate the association between symptoms of long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID) and sleep problems in a sample population from southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study used data from the SULcovid-19 survey, developed in the municipality of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The outcome, long COVID, was investigated through the presence of 18 symptoms, and the exposure variable was sleep problems. Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for the outcome-exposure relationship. Odds ratio was calculated through multinomial regression of the relationship between the number of symptoms of long COVID and sleep problems. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, marital status, income, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities, and hospital admission. A total of 2919 adults and older adults were interviewed. The prevalence of long COVID was 48.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.5-50.1%) and sleep problems were reported by 41.2% of the sample (95% CI 39.4-43.0%). Individuals with sleep problems were more likely to exhibit altered sensitivity (prevalence ratio [PR] 3.27; 95% CI 1.96-5.45), nasal congestion (PR 2.75; 95% CI 1.53-4.94), musculoskeletal symptoms (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.48-2.06), respiratory issues (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24-2.01), and one or more symptom of long COVID (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15-1.39). Approximately one-half of the population analysed had long COVID, and four of 10 reported experiencing sleep problems. In addition, the sample tended to have experienced a greater number of symptoms compared with those who reported to sleep well.

This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in Singapore from a health system perspective. The analysis evaluated a 5-year care pathway using a Markov model, considering per-patient costs of treatment, health system cost savings of obstructive sleep apnea and attributed conditions, the effectiveness measured in disability-adjusted life years with a discount rate of 3% and a weighted 5-year continuous positive airway pressure adherence of 74.1% from Singapore studies. Per-patient costs of treatment were from a large public hospital in Singapore. Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure treatment, health system costs and disability-adjusted life years were obtained from literature; costs are in US dollars. We conducted probabilistic sensitivity analysis, one-way sensitivity analysis and what-if analysis. Based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of US $50,000 per disability-adjusted life year in USA, continuous positive airway pressure therapy was highly cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $13,822 per disability-adjusted life year averted. Compared with the annual total costs of $856 for patients with continuous positive airway pressure treatment diagnosed by an inpatient sleep study, the total costs for those diagnosed by a home sleep test were $625, resulting in a remarkable 27% reduction per patient per year. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated that costs of treatment, effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure treatment and adherence had a higher impact on the cost-effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. The what-if analysis suggested that for continuous positive airway pressure treatment to be cost-effective, adherence rate should be at least 16.1%. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in making informed decisions on funding diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure therapy within Singapore's healthcare system.

Boosting slow-wave activity (SWA) by modulating slow waves through closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) might provide a powerful non-pharmacological tool to investigate the link between sleep and neurodegeneration. Here, we established mouse CLAS (mCLAS)-mediated SWA enhancement and explored its effects on sleep deficits in neurodegeneration, by targeting the up-phase of slow waves in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD, Tg2576) and Parkinson's disease (PD, M83). We found that tracking a 2 Hz component of slow waves leads to highest precision of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep detection in mice, and that its combination with a 30° up-phase target produces a significant 15-30% SWA increase from baseline in wild-type (WT_AD) and transgenic (TG_AD) mice versus a mock stimulation group. Conversely, combining 2 Hz with a 40° phase target yields a significant increase ranging 30-35% in WT_PD and TG_PD mice. Interestingly, these phase-target-triggered SWA increases are not genotype dependent but strain specific. Sleep alterations that may contribute to disease progression and burden were described in AD and PD lines. Notably, pathological sleep traits were rescued by mCLAS, which elicited a 14% decrease of pathologically heightened NREM sleep fragmentation in TG_AD mice, accompanied by a steep decrease in microarousal events during both light and dark periods. Overall, our results indicate that model-tailored phase targeting is key to modulate SWA through mCLAS, prompting the acute alleviation of key neurodegeneration-associated sleep phenotypes and potentiating sleep regulation and consolidation. Further experiments assessing the long-term effect of mCLAS in neurodegeneration may majorly impact the establishment of sleep-based therapies.

The autonomic nervous system regulates cardiovascular activity during sleep, likely impacting cardiovascular health. Aging, a primary cardiovascular risk factor, is associated with cardiac autonomic disbalance and diminished sleep slow waves. Therefore, slow waves may be linked to aging, autonomic activity and cardiovascular health. However, it is unclear how sleep and slow waves are linked to cardiac autonomic profiles across multiple nights in older adults. We conducted a randomized, crossover trial involving healthy adults aged 62-78 years. Across 2 weeks, we applied auditory stimulation to enhance slow waves and compared it with a SHAM period. We measured sleep parameters using polysomnography and derived heart rate, heart rate variability approximating parasympathetic activity, and blood pulse wave approximating sympathetic activity from a wearable. Here, we report the results of 14 out of 33 enrolled participants, and show that heart rate, heart rate variability and blood pulse wave within sleep stages differ between the first and second half of sleep. Furthermore, baseline slow-wave activity was related to cardiac autonomic activity profiles during sleep. Moreover, we found auditory stimulation to reduce heart rate variability, while heart rate and blood pulse wave remained unchanged. Lastly, within subjects, higher heart rate coincided with increased slow-wave activity, indicating enhanced autonomic activation when slow waves are pronounced. Our study shows the potential of cardiac autonomic markers to offer insights into participants' baseline slow-wave activity when recorded over multiple nights. Furthermore, we highlight that averaging cardiac autonomic parameters across a night may potentially mask dynamic effects of auditory stimulation, potentially playing a role in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.

The commemoration of the 70th anniversary of rapid eye movement sleep discovery offers a unique possibility to reassess the peculiar organic condition of agrypnia excitata. Agrypnia excitata is characterized by a severe loss of sleep leading to a complete derangement of physiological sleep-wake cycle and body homeostasis. Agrypnia excitata is a definite clinico-neurophysiological condition characterized by: (1) slow-wave sleep loss with disruption of sleepwake cycle; (2) a 24-hr motor and autonomic overactivity; and (3) peculiar episodes of oneiric stupor. Agrypnia excitata may happen within different pathophysiologies, such as delirium tremens, Morvan's syndrome and fatal familial insomnia, suggesting some general reflections on the composition and function of the cerebral neuronal network generating wake and sleep behaviour and regulating body homeostasis, with a focus on rapid eye movement sleep.

Effects of sleep on procedural (implicit) memory consolidation in children remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on the influence of sleep on motor skills acquisition in children. Four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Original studies, published until October 17, 2023, on motor skill acquisition in children aged ≤12 years, in which the intervention group slept after motor skill training, while the control group remained awake, were considered for inclusion. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool. The review protocol was pre-registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO protocol number: CRD42022363868) and all reported items followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of the 7241 articles initially retrieved, nine met the primary criteria and were included in this review. Of these, six studies reported that daytime or night-time sleep intervention improved motor skill acquisition, as compared to wakefulness. All studies presented a high risk of bias. In conclusion, the evidence summarised suggests that sleep may enhance motor skills acquisition and could be important for motor development in childhood. However, due to the high risk of bias in the included studies, future randomised controlled trials with high methodological quality are necessary to better clarify this topic.

Little is known about the physiological and biomechanical factors that determine individual preferences in lying posture during sleep. This study investigated relationships between position preference and position-specific arousals, awakenings, limb movements and limb movement arousals to explore the mechanisms by which biomechanical factors influence position preference. Forty-one mature-aged adults underwent 2 nights of at-home polysomnography ~2 weeks apart, on a standardised firm foam mattress, measuring nocturnal sleep architecture and position. The lateral supine ratio and restlessness indices specific to lateral and supine positions including limb movement index, limb movement arousal index, arousal index, wake index, respiratory arousal index and apnea-hypopnea index were calculated and analysed via linear mixed-effects regression. In the supine position, all restlessness indices were significantly increased compared with the lateral position, including a 379% increase in respiratory arousals (β = 7.0, p < 0.001), 108% increase in arousal index (β = 10.3, p < 0.001) and 107% increase in wake index (β = 2.5, p < 0.001). Wake index in the supine position increased significantly with more lateral sleep (β = 1.9, p = 0.0013), and significant correlation between lateral supine ratio polysomnography 1 and lateral supine ratio polysomnography 2 (β = 0.95, p < 0.001) indicated strong consistency in sleep preference. Overall, the findings suggest that some individuals have low tolerance to supine posture, represented by a comparatively high wake index in the supine position, and that these individuals compensate by sleeping a greater proportion in the lateral position.