Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

This capsule review is a discussion of myofascial pain syndrome in small animals. The history of myofascial pain syndrome is discussed as well as facts and theories behind the aetiology and treatment of this syndrome. Diagnostic techniques are both discussed and illustrated. Accepted treatments including dry needling, photobiomodulation, manual therapy and thermal therapy are outlined.

Type III von Willebrand disease is a rare coagulopathy, with published reports only existing for four canine breeds – Dutch Kooiker Hounds, Shetland Sheepdogs, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers and Scottish Terriers. A 2-year and 9-month-old male neutered standard dachshund was presented for hypovolaemic shock and a ventral neck mass. One previous bleeding episode following routine castration was reported. The patient's packed cell volume fell from 27% to 15% during hospitalisation, and computed tomography identified changes to the ventral neck consistent with fluid accumulation, assumed to represent haemorrhage. A further, similar lesion was identified within the cranial mediastinum. The patient was managed with a combination of isotonic crystalloids (Hartmann's solution), synthetic colloid (Geloplasma), alongside administration of blood products (packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma). A Von Willebrand factor antigen assay confirmed Type III von Willebrand disease. The patient made a full recovery. This report is the first to describe Type III von Willebrand disease in a standard dachshund.

Patient 1 was seen for severe pelvic limb lameness and evaluated radiographically and via computed tomography. A diagnosis of femoral head osteochondritis dissecans was obtained. The diagnosis was confirmed arthroscopically and treated with flap removal and abrasion arthroplasty. A micro-total hip arthroplasty was performed 4 weeks later. Patient 2 was also seen for severe pelvic limb lameness and evaluated radiographically. A suspected large osteochondritis dissecans lesion was present. This was confirmed grossly during a total hip arthroplasty procedure and the femoral head submitted for histopathology. In patient 1, the lameness improved from non-weight-bearing to mild lameness at re-evaluation 4 weeks post-operatively. Due to the extent of the lesion, which was confirmed as osteochondritis dissecans by a team of pathologists, revision to micro-total hip arthroplasty was performed. Surgery was uneventful and at 12 weeks post-operatively the patient was fully weight-bearing with no lameness and normal limb function. In patient 2, the lameness immediately resolved after successful management via uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty. Follow-up for both patients at the time of publication exceeds 3 years.

A 3-year-old male neutered Golden Retriever with nasal swelling and lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with diffuse Mycobacterium avium infection. Treatment with 9 months of enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and rifampicin was successful, but relapsed 10 months later with lymphadenopathy, skin plaques and testicular involvement. Repeat treatment for 12 months was effective but 15 months later a second relapse responded to the same therapy which is ongoing with survival from diagnosis of 82 months. A 1-year-old male neutered Portuguese Podengo was diagnosed with polyarthritis and M. avium infection and treated with enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and rifampicin for 4 months but relapsed, subsequently responding to combined pradofloxacin, rifampicin, doxycycline and ethambutol. After 12 months of treatment, M. avium was detected and treatment extended to 17 months before stopping when no organism was detected. Relapse occurred after 6 weeks, responding to retreatment but relapsing (polyarthropathy, lymphadenomegaly) after 15 months, with euthanasia 38 months after diagnosis. Dogs with M. avium are challenging to treat with frequent relapse; however, long-term survival is possible.