Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for construct failure in dogs undergoing unilateral modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy for cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Materials and methods: Hospital and radiographic data were collected retrospectively. A sub-group for construct failure analysis was formed consisting of construct failure stifles and weight and plate matched control stifles. The following factors were assessed in relation to construct failure: plate size, plate position, proximal tibial flare, presence of adjunctive fixation and pre-operative and post-operative tibial plateau angle.

Results: One hundred and sixty-nine stifles were included within the overall data set, within which there was a major complication rate of 12% and a re-operation rate of 8%. There were 10 construct failure stifles and 52 weight and plate matched controls in the construct failure analysis. We found no difference between construct failure and weight and plate matched controls for plate position, proximal tibial flare, presence of adjunctive fixation and pre-operative or post-operative tibial plateau angle. Visual assessment of plate size relative to weight showed that consistently larger plates were used in comparison to those recommended for tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.

Clinical significance: The lack of significance in any variable between construct failures and weight and plate matched controls is likely a type II error. Despite this, when planning a cranial closing wedge ostectomy consideration should be given to plate size, plate position, shape of the proximal tibia and the use of adjunctive fixation.

Two middle-aged, unrelated cocker spaniels were investigated for apparent jaw pain and slowly progressive restriction of mouth opening, in the absence of previous trauma or jaw-locking episodes. Computed tomographic evaluation was suggestive of a dynamic impingement between the coronoid process of the mandible and the medial surface of the zygomatic arch, trapping the temporalis muscle. Bilateral, single-session, partial resection of the coronoid process and zygomatic arch resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs. This form of impingement should be considered when evaluating cases with a mechanically restricted, painful opening of the mouth.

Objectives: To report the medium- to long-term outcomes and complications of a larger case series of patients undergoing combined phallopexy and preputial advancement for treatment of paraphimosis of unknown aetiology.

Materials and methods: Retrospective case series: Medical records of a single small animal referral centre were searched for male dogs treated for idiopathic paraphimosis with combined phallopexy and preputial advancement between January 2010 and October 2023. Data collected included signalment, presenting clinical signs, surgical technique, peri-/post-operative complications and outcome. Outcome was based on owner questionnaire.

Results: Sixteen dogs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Median surgical time was 60 minutes (45 to 75 minutes) and there were no intraoperative complications. Two of the 16 (12.5%) dogs had major complications. One of the 16 (6.25%) cases had minor complications. Eight dogs (50%) had no recurrence of paraphimosis following surgery, three (18.75%) had some intermittent recurrence requiring no treatment, three (18.75%) had intermittent recurrence requiring occasional medical management but an improvement from presurgical condition and two dogs (12.5%) had no major improvement from pre-surgical condition.

Clinical significance: In conclusion, preputial advancement and phallopexy can be used to treat paraphimosis refractory to medical management with reasonable levels of success leading to improvement in 87.5% (14/16) of dogs. However, complication rates and risk of recurrence are similar to those previously reported with phallopexy or preputial advancement alone.

Objectives: To describe the proportion, histological type and grade of mammary gland tumours in a population of male dogs and cats at a single institution over a period of 17 years.

Materials and methods: All histological specimens from mammary gland tumours in male dogs and cats submitted to the Pathology Service at a single institution in northern Italy between 2008 and 2025 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: One hundred and ten tumours were identified in the study population: 83 tumours in 73 dogs and 27 tumours in 23 cats; multiple tumours were present in some animals. After exclusion of animals presenting with both benign and malignant tumours, malignant tumours were more prevalent in both species with 50/68 (73.5%) in dogs and 19/22 (86.4%) in cats, respectively. In male dogs, mammary gland V was most commonly involved, while mammary gland IV was most commonly involved in male cats. Complex carcinoma was most common in male dogs, and tubular carcinoma in male cats. Nodulectomy was the most commonly performed surgical procedure in both species. Low-grade (grade I) tumours were more common in dogs (37/46, 80%), and intermediate- (grade II) and high-grade (grade III) tumours in cats.

Clinical significance: Mammary gland tumours in male dogs and cats were predominantly malignant. Caudal mammary glands were the most involved. Although there was a high proportion of malignant tumours in male dogs, the majority were grade I. Instead, intermediate- (grade II) and high-grade (grade III) tumours were more common in cats, supporting the aggressive nature of feline mammary gland tumours.

Polyuria and polydipsia represent a common clinical presentation in dogs and may result from numerous disorders affecting different body systems. Compulsive water consumption is characteristic of psychogenic polydipsia, a primary polydipsia disorder rooted in neurologic, behavioural or environmental factors. While psychogenic polydipsia is relatively common and well described in people, little published information on its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment exists in dogs. Most dogs diagnosed with psychogenic polydipsia are young and systemically healthy, have significant polyuria and polydipsia, often have a nervous or anxious disposition, and may display stereotypical, compulsive or hyperactive behaviours. No specific test diagnoses psychogenic polydipsia definitively, and systematic elimination of other causes of polyuria and polydipsia is required. A multimodal approach to treatment may be most successful, including water restriction, environmental and behavioural modification, and pharmaceutical intervention.

Objectives: To serially evaluate the serum pancreatic lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods: Serum pancreatic lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentrations, specific for each species, were measured in surplus serum samples from 52 dogs and 19 cats previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The samples were collected at initial presentation and at re-examinations.

Results: Serum pancreatic lipase concentrations were indicative of pancreatitis (>400 μg/L in dogs and >8.8 μg/L in cats) in 16/52 (31%) dogs and 5/19 (26%) cats with diabetes mellitus at initial presentation, respectively, and in 22/52 (42%) dogs and 7/19 (37%) cats at least at one re-examination, respectively. Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentration was indicative of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (≤5.5 μg/L) in 2/52 (4%) dogs at initial presentation and in 3/52 (6%) dogs at least at one re-examination. Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentration was indicative of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (<8 μg/L) in none of the cats.

Clinical significance: Serum specific pancreatic lipase concentrations indicative of pancreatitis were relatively common in both dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus. Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentrations indicative of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were less common and were only observed in dogs. Repeated testing for concurrent exocrine pancreatic disorder in dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus may be indicated even if the patient is subclinical.