Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

A 12-year-old dog underwent liver lobectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma, and Surgicel® was used intraoperatively for haemostasis. Three months after surgery, computed tomography revealed a solitary abdominal mass, which was surgically removed. Histopathology identified the mass as retained Surgicel® surrounded by granulomatous inflammation. Although Surgicel® is generally considered safe, retained material may mimic abscess, haematoma or tumour recurrence on imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first veterinary case describing an encapsulated granuloma caused by retained Surgicel® in a dog. This case highlights that Surgicel® may persist and induce granulomatous inflammation, mimicking significant postoperative complications on imaging. Accurate intraoperative documentation and awareness of this potential pitfall are essential to prevent misdiagnosis and avoid unnecessary procedures.

Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) is a recognised cause of peracute spinal cord injury in dogs, involving sudden extrusion of non-degenerated nucleus pulposus with minimal compression. While often linked to vigorous activity, its triggers remain unclear. This case describes an 8-year-old neutered male poodle cross dog who developed peracute non-ambulatory paraparesis while running to retrieve a ball. Neurological examination was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed disc space narrowing with intramedullary T2W hyperintensity at T13-L1 consistent with ANNPE and a T13 vertebral body lesion that was hyperintense in T1W/STIR and contrast-enhancing, later confirmed as T-cell lymphoma by surgical biopsy. The dog demonstrated rapid clinical improvement, with motor function recovery by day 6 and becoming ambulatory with mild ataxia by week 3. This case highlights the importance of considering underlying vertebral pathology in dogs with presumed ANNPE and emphasises that vertebral lesions detected on MRI may have clinical relevance and should not be overlooked.

Objectives: To describe the clinical application and outcome associated with the intraoperative use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate for managing small air leaks following lung lobectomies, lung lacerations and pulmonary bullae in a cohort of eight dogs.

Materials and methods: Medical and surgical records of eight client-owned dogs were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the intraoperative use of topical N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive in pulmonary surgery. Data on intra- and postoperative complications, hospitalisation time, thoracostomy tube output, duration of thoracostomy tube placement and outcome were assessed.

Results: Eight dogs were included in the study, with a total of ten applications of N-butyl cyanoacrylate: seven applied directly to bullae (Dogs 1, 3 and 4) or parenchymal lacerations (Dogs 5-8) and two used to reinforce staple lines (Dogs 2 and 5). All dogs survived to discharge. The median duration of hospitalisation was 3 days, while thoracostomy tubes remained in situ for a median of 1 day. No complications associated with the use of adhesive were reported at the latest follow-up.

Clinical significance: The intraoperative use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive provided effective management of small air leaks (<7 mm) across various clinical scenarios, either as an adjunctive or as a primary intervention. Further studies are needed to assess its long-term biocompatibility and refine application techniques.

Objectives: Identify if serum C-reactive protein concentrations and specific diseases are associated with proteinuria (defined as urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) in dogs without known pathological pre-renal, renal or post-renal causes.

Materials and methods: Hypothesis generating retrospective study. Dogs with contemporaneous urine protein:creatinine ratio and serum C-reactive protein concentrations and without known causes of pathological pre-renal, renal or post-renal causes of proteinuria were included. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between groups using non-parametric statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between specific diseases or selected clinicopathological variables (including serum C-reactive protein concentrations) and proteinuria.

Results: Seventy-one overtly proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.5), 74 borderline proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio 0.21 to 0.5) and 234 non-proteinuric dogs (urine protein:creatinine ratio ≤.2) were included. Proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) was less prevalent in dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (11% [4/35] vs. 41% [141/344]; P < .001) compared to the rest of the population. Proteinuria was more prevalent in dogs with chronic hepatitis (71% [10/14] vs. 37% [135/365]) and tended to be more prevalent in dogs with pancreatitis (57% [12/21] vs. 37% [133/358]; P = .103) compared to the rest of the population. On multivariable analysis, serum C-reactive protein concentration was independently associated with increased odds of proteinuria (OR = 1.031 [95% CI: 1.012 to 1.051]; P = .001) and a diagnosis of chronic enteropathy was independently associated with decreased odds of proteinuria (OR = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.064 to 0.681]; P = .009).

Clinical significance: Systemic inflammation might be associated with proteinuria in dogs, although further investigations to evaluate if proteinuria resolves following the resolution of these conditions are required to confirm any causal association.

Finally, the overlap with chronic inflammatory enteropathies is crucial (Perrucci et al., 2020), underscoring the need for full evaluation before attributing persistent diarrhoea solely to Giardia.

This study advances understanding of recurrence, and further prospective work disentangling host, microbial and methodological influences will be invaluable.

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Objectives: The study aimed (a) to establish the reference interval for Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in healthy dogs by ADVIA 2120 haematology analyser, (b) to identify the causes of increased Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in both healthy and diseased canine samples and (c) to establish a cut-off value to prompt further diagnostic evaluations by practitioners.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted evaluating the medical records of dogs referred to a Veterinary University Hospital. Healthy dogs were prospectively included to establish reference interval for complete blood count variables comprising Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration. Complete blood count reports of dogs who had both complete blood count and biochemistry performed concurrently were included. Complete blood counts were performed within 2 hours of sample collection, and biochemical analyses were carried out on serum samples within 12 hours. The macroscopic sample alterations were retrieved, including haemolysis, icterus, lipaemia and their severity.

Results: Reference interval for Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration was established and ranged from -1.70 to 2.20 g/dL (90% confidence interval of the upper limit 1.92 to 2.50). The Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in lipaemic and haemolytic samples and significantly correlated with their severity. The frequency of samples with increased Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (≥2.5 g/dL) was significantly higher in lipaemic and haemolytic samples and in patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy or affected by Cushing's syndrome.

Clinical significance: An increase in Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in dogs is often associated with macroscopic sample alterations, mainly due to lipaemia, haemolysis, or both. When a Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration value of >2.5 g/dL is noted, laboratories and practitioners should carefully evaluate the samples for any evidence of haemolysis or lipaemia.

Objectives: To report the signalment, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, length of penile protrusion, surgical technique (modified preputial elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce), length of preputial advancement, postoperative complications, outcomes and long-term postoperative follow-up.

Materials and methods: Retrospective case series. The medical records of dogs with idiopathic paraphimosis undergoing elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce between 2021 and 2024 were reviewed.

Results: Six dogs with idiopathic paraphimosis were identified. The median duration of paraphimosis was 9.5 months. The median length of the penile protrusion was 2 cm (range: 1 to 3 cm). All dogs recovered uneventfully from surgery. The median translation of the prepuce at surgery was 4 cm (range: 2 to 6 cm). Four minor postoperative complications were observed in three dogs, including serosanguineous discharge from the incision, preputial oedema formation, penile exposure and a small dehiscence. All short-term complications resolved without treatment. Median follow-up time was 24 months. All dogs had an excellent outcome. In one dog, 14 months after surgery, a 0.5 cm long intermittent penile protrusion was noted with no clinical significance.

Clinical significance: Modified preputial elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce could be considered an option for the treatment of idiopathic paraphimosis in dogs.

Convulsive syncope is an unusual presentation of syncope in which it manifests with convulsive features, with or without epileptic activity on electroencephalography. This phenomenon has scarcely been reported in veterinary medicine. This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and treatment of a 9-year-old Cane Corso, who was presented two and a half months after transvenous pacemaker implantation with episodes of collapse, unconsciousness, urination and opisthotonos, that after some seconds, turned into myoclonic jerks before regaining consciousness. Those episodes were highly suggestive of convulsive syncope and were associated with periods of ventricular arrest due to a pacemaker malfunction. This condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis for epileptic seizures in patients with potential cardiovascular disease and as a possible complication after pacemaker implantation in dogs.