Journal of Small Animal Practice最新文献

Objectives: Identify if serum C-reactive protein concentrations and specific diseases are associated with proteinuria (defined as urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) in dogs without known pathological pre-renal, renal or post-renal causes.

Materials and methods: Hypothesis generating retrospective study. Dogs with contemporaneous urine protein:creatinine ratio and serum C-reactive protein concentrations and without known causes of pathological pre-renal, renal or post-renal causes of proteinuria were included. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between groups using non-parametric statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between specific diseases or selected clinicopathological variables (including serum C-reactive protein concentrations) and proteinuria.

Results: Seventy-one overtly proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.5), 74 borderline proteinuric (urine protein:creatinine ratio 0.21 to 0.5) and 234 non-proteinuric dogs (urine protein:creatinine ratio ≤.2) were included. Proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2) was less prevalent in dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (11% [4/35] vs. 41% [141/344]; P < .001) compared to the rest of the population. Proteinuria was more prevalent in dogs with chronic hepatitis (71% [10/14] vs. 37% [135/365]) and tended to be more prevalent in dogs with pancreatitis (57% [12/21] vs. 37% [133/358]; P = .103) compared to the rest of the population. On multivariable analysis, serum C-reactive protein concentration was independently associated with increased odds of proteinuria (OR = 1.031 [95% CI: 1.012 to 1.051]; P = .001) and a diagnosis of chronic enteropathy was independently associated with decreased odds of proteinuria (OR = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.064 to 0.681]; P = .009).

Clinical significance: Systemic inflammation might be associated with proteinuria in dogs, although further investigations to evaluate if proteinuria resolves following the resolution of these conditions are required to confirm any causal association.

Finally, the overlap with chronic inflammatory enteropathies is crucial (Perrucci et al., 2020), underscoring the need for full evaluation before attributing persistent diarrhoea solely to Giardia.

This study advances understanding of recurrence, and further prospective work disentangling host, microbial and methodological influences will be invaluable.

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Objectives: The study aimed (a) to establish the reference interval for Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in healthy dogs by ADVIA 2120 haematology analyser, (b) to identify the causes of increased Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in both healthy and diseased canine samples and (c) to establish a cut-off value to prompt further diagnostic evaluations by practitioners.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted evaluating the medical records of dogs referred to a Veterinary University Hospital. Healthy dogs were prospectively included to establish reference interval for complete blood count variables comprising Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration. Complete blood count reports of dogs who had both complete blood count and biochemistry performed concurrently were included. Complete blood counts were performed within 2 hours of sample collection, and biochemical analyses were carried out on serum samples within 12 hours. The macroscopic sample alterations were retrieved, including haemolysis, icterus, lipaemia and their severity.

Results: Reference interval for Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration was established and ranged from -1.70 to 2.20 g/dL (90% confidence interval of the upper limit 1.92 to 2.50). The Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in lipaemic and haemolytic samples and significantly correlated with their severity. The frequency of samples with increased Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (≥2.5 g/dL) was significantly higher in lipaemic and haemolytic samples and in patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy or affected by Cushing's syndrome.

Clinical significance: An increase in Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration in dogs is often associated with macroscopic sample alterations, mainly due to lipaemia, haemolysis, or both. When a Δmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration-mean cellular haemoglobin concentration value of >2.5 g/dL is noted, laboratories and practitioners should carefully evaluate the samples for any evidence of haemolysis or lipaemia.

Objectives: To report the signalment, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, length of penile protrusion, surgical technique (modified preputial elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce), length of preputial advancement, postoperative complications, outcomes and long-term postoperative follow-up.

Materials and methods: Retrospective case series. The medical records of dogs with idiopathic paraphimosis undergoing elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce between 2021 and 2024 were reviewed.

Results: Six dogs with idiopathic paraphimosis were identified. The median duration of paraphimosis was 9.5 months. The median length of the penile protrusion was 2 cm (range: 1 to 3 cm). All dogs recovered uneventfully from surgery. The median translation of the prepuce at surgery was 4 cm (range: 2 to 6 cm). Four minor postoperative complications were observed in three dogs, including serosanguineous discharge from the incision, preputial oedema formation, penile exposure and a small dehiscence. All short-term complications resolved without treatment. Median follow-up time was 24 months. All dogs had an excellent outcome. In one dog, 14 months after surgery, a 0.5 cm long intermittent penile protrusion was noted with no clinical significance.

Clinical significance: Modified preputial elevation and cranial translation of the prepuce could be considered an option for the treatment of idiopathic paraphimosis in dogs.

Convulsive syncope is an unusual presentation of syncope in which it manifests with convulsive features, with or without epileptic activity on electroencephalography. This phenomenon has scarcely been reported in veterinary medicine. This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and treatment of a 9-year-old Cane Corso, who was presented two and a half months after transvenous pacemaker implantation with episodes of collapse, unconsciousness, urination and opisthotonos, that after some seconds, turned into myoclonic jerks before regaining consciousness. Those episodes were highly suggestive of convulsive syncope and were associated with periods of ventricular arrest due to a pacemaker malfunction. This condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis for epileptic seizures in patients with potential cardiovascular disease and as a possible complication after pacemaker implantation in dogs.

A 4-month-old male intact domestic shorthair kitten was referred due to acute onset of severe respiratory distress. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection was diagnosed by Baermann technique. The kitten showed a fluctuating respiratory status despite anthelmintic and supportive therapy; severe initial distress followed by partial improvement, deterioration by Day 33 and marked recovery by Day 63. Monitoring included clinical examinations, oxygen saturation, faecal analysis, thoracic radiography and lung point-of-care ultrasound on Days 1, 10, 33 and 63. Lung ultrasound and thoracic radiographs consistently revealed diffusely distributed pulmonary disease and pleural involvement. Several pathological lung ultrasound features were identified, such as increased B-lines, subpleural nodules, lung consolidations with and without air-bronchograms, vascular sign and pleural line irregularity. This is the first report comparing lung ultrasound and thoracic radiography in a kitten with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.

Objectives: To describe the electrophoretic pattern of proteinuria in dogs with naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome. We hypothesised that urine protein electrophoresis in dogs with spontaneous Cushing's syndrome will reveal glomerular proteinuria. We also hypothesised that the severity of proteinuria would decrease during treatment with trilostane.

Materials and methods: This prospective study included dogs with spontaneous Cushing's syndrome (n = 19) and healthy dogs (n = 10) serving as controls for urine protein electrophoresis. Urinary proteins were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulphate agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results: Thirteen dogs with Cushing's syndrome had glomerular proteinuria, with high molecular weight bands between 66 and 150 kDa. Three dogs with Cushing's syndrome had mixed glomerular and tubular proteinuria, with low molecular weight bands between 14.3 and 26 kDa, in addition to high molecular weight bands. Three dogs with Cushing's syndrome had a physiological pattern of urine protein electrophoresis and these dogs were non-proteinuric. Seven dogs were re-evaluated 4 to 6 months after initiating treatment with trilostane. Before treatment, six dogs were proteinuric and one dog was non-proteinuric. After the treatment, three dogs were non-proteinuric and four dogs were proteinuric. Of these, proteinuria decreased in one dog (50%) and increased (up to 70%) in three dogs.

Clinical significance: Dogs with Cushing's syndrome predominantly exhibit glomerular proteinuria. No systematic improvement was observed during trilostane treatment.