Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0009
S. Okunade, O. Isah, O. Odedara, K. Adebayo, O. Olafadehan
Abstract This study investigated the effects of replacing processed Daniellia oliveri seed meal (PDS) for groundnut cake (GNC) in the concentrate diets of Yankasa male lambs (6 months old, body weight of 13.70 ± 0.1 kg (body weight)) on feed intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial population. Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 100 and 150 g//kg PDS to replace 0, 25, 50 and 75% GNC (dry matter (DM) basis) in a complete randomized design with five animals per diet. Total DM intake (g/kg BW0.75), ruminal volatile fatty acids, valerate and fungal population linearly increased but ruminal NH3-N, acetate, acetate: propionate, methane production and Entodinium (as % of the total protozoa count) linearly decreased with increasing PDS level (P<0.01). Whereas, intake of concentrate, total DM (g/d and g/kg BW), average daily weight gain, ruminal pH, butyrate, iso-valerate, total bacterial count, proteolytic and amylolytic bacterial counts increased linearly and quadratically, basal roughage intake, protozoal count, cellulolytic bacterial count, methanogen count, Diplodinium and Holotrichs (as % of the total protozoa count) decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) with increasing PDS level. Feed conversion was lowest (L and Q:P < 0.01) for PDS15. Ruminal Ophryoscolex (as % of the total protozoa count) was lower (Q:P < 0.0001) for PDS15 than for other diets. Dietary inclusion of 150 g/kg Daniellia oliveri seed meal to replace 75% DM of groundnut cake in the diet of Yankasa lambs improved intake, rumen fermentation and microbial ecology and weight gain.
{"title":"Feed utilization and rumen microbial ecology of lambs consuming Daniellia Oliveri seed based diet","authors":"S. Okunade, O. Isah, O. Odedara, K. Adebayo, O. Olafadehan","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the effects of replacing processed Daniellia oliveri seed meal (PDS) for groundnut cake (GNC) in the concentrate diets of Yankasa male lambs (6 months old, body weight of 13.70 ± 0.1 kg (body weight)) on feed intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial population. Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 100 and 150 g//kg PDS to replace 0, 25, 50 and 75% GNC (dry matter (DM) basis) in a complete randomized design with five animals per diet. Total DM intake (g/kg BW0.75), ruminal volatile fatty acids, valerate and fungal population linearly increased but ruminal NH3-N, acetate, acetate: propionate, methane production and Entodinium (as % of the total protozoa count) linearly decreased with increasing PDS level (P<0.01). Whereas, intake of concentrate, total DM (g/d and g/kg BW), average daily weight gain, ruminal pH, butyrate, iso-valerate, total bacterial count, proteolytic and amylolytic bacterial counts increased linearly and quadratically, basal roughage intake, protozoal count, cellulolytic bacterial count, methanogen count, Diplodinium and Holotrichs (as % of the total protozoa count) decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) with increasing PDS level. Feed conversion was lowest (L and Q:P < 0.01) for PDS15. Ruminal Ophryoscolex (as % of the total protozoa count) was lower (Q:P < 0.0001) for PDS15 than for other diets. Dietary inclusion of 150 g/kg Daniellia oliveri seed meal to replace 75% DM of groundnut cake in the diet of Yankasa lambs improved intake, rumen fermentation and microbial ecology and weight gain.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131515581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0018
Hăbeanu Mihaela, G. Anca, L. Aurelia, Untea Arabela, Idriceanu Lavinia, Ranta Mirela Felicia
Abstract The present work was planned to test the effects of 2 protein-oil rich ingredients which replaced an important part of classical soybean meal, on nitrogen (N) metabolism indicators. Simultaneous we aimed to assess performances, enteric methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through manure. A balance test was conducted with 15 barrows, 36 ± 0.24 Kg initial body weight, assigned in three groups in metabolism cages: 1. SC diet based on a classical diet (soybean meal, 13%); 2. SP diet based on peas Tudor variety 16% that replace 49% of SM; 3. SPF diet containing 8% soybean meal, 12% peas and 4% linseed Lirina variety. Faecal and urine were quantitatively collected in two balance periods. A semiautomatic Kjeldahl method was used for assessing the N. The Spotchem EZ SP-4430 was used for determining plasma protein and urea nitrogen (BUN). The regression equations were used to determine N metabolism indicators, CO2 emitted and enteric CH4. An increase of 1.16 times of feed intake was noticed in the SP group compared to SC. The lipid intake was slightly higher in the SP fed group which contributed to an increase of energy intake compared to SC group (>1.17 times) and vs SPL fed group (>1.2 times). The average daily gain (ADG) decreased highly significant in the SP diet compared to the SC diet. Linseed adds in SPL diet contributed to obtaining performances closed to SC group. SP diets increased the N level slightly in faeces and urine. BUN concentration has a linear relation with urinary N. CO2 emitted represent 28-32% of CO2 exhalation. CO2 increased in the SP diet (P<0.10) due to the fact that HP value increased as well. No significant influence was noticed for CH4 estimated value, although a slight increase was observed in the SP diet. In conclusion, although certain N metabolism indicator was affected by peas diet, only a little part was significantly modified. An oil-rich ingredient such as linseed could successfully complement peas by diminishing its adverse effects.
摘要本试验旨在研究替代传统豆粕重要成分的2种富蛋白油成分对氮代谢指标的影响。同时，我们旨在评估性能，肠道甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)通过粪便排放。选取初始体重为36±0.24 Kg的15头公驴，分为3组，饲养于代谢笼中，进行平衡试验。基于经典日粮(豆粕，13%)的SC日粮;2. 以Tudor品种豌豆为基础的SP日粮替代49%的SM;3.SPF日粮含有8%的豆粕、12%的豌豆和4%的亚麻籽。在两个平衡期定量收集粪便和尿液。采用半自动凯氏定氮法测定氮含量，采用Spotchem EZ SP-4430测定血浆蛋白和尿素氮(BUN)。利用回归方程确定氮代谢指标、CO2排放量和肠道CH4。SP组采食量比SC组增加了1.16倍，SP组脂肪摄入量略高，能量摄入量比SC组(>1.17倍)和SPL组(>1.2倍)均有所增加。SP饲粮的平均日增重(ADG)极显著低于SC饲粮。SPL饲粮中添加亚麻籽有助于获得接近SC组的性能。SP日粮使粪便和尿液中的氮含量略有升高。BUN浓度与尿氮呈线性关系，CO2排放量占CO2呼出量的28-32%。由于HP值升高，SP日粮中CO2含量升高(P<0.10)。虽然在SP日粮中观察到CH4的估计值略有增加，但对CH4估计值没有显著影响。综上所述，豌豆饲粮虽然对某些氮代谢指标有影响，但仅对一小部分有显著影响。一种富含油脂的成分，如亚麻籽，可以成功地补充豌豆，减少其不利影响。
{"title":"Assessment of certain nitrogen metabolism indicators, enteric CH4 and CO2 emitted through manure related to different diets in barrow","authors":"Hăbeanu Mihaela, G. Anca, L. Aurelia, Untea Arabela, Idriceanu Lavinia, Ranta Mirela Felicia","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present work was planned to test the effects of 2 protein-oil rich ingredients which replaced an important part of classical soybean meal, on nitrogen (N) metabolism indicators. Simultaneous we aimed to assess performances, enteric methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through manure. A balance test was conducted with 15 barrows, 36 ± 0.24 Kg initial body weight, assigned in three groups in metabolism cages: 1. SC diet based on a classical diet (soybean meal, 13%); 2. SP diet based on peas Tudor variety 16% that replace 49% of SM; 3. SPF diet containing 8% soybean meal, 12% peas and 4% linseed Lirina variety. Faecal and urine were quantitatively collected in two balance periods. A semiautomatic Kjeldahl method was used for assessing the N. The Spotchem EZ SP-4430 was used for determining plasma protein and urea nitrogen (BUN). The regression equations were used to determine N metabolism indicators, CO2 emitted and enteric CH4. An increase of 1.16 times of feed intake was noticed in the SP group compared to SC. The lipid intake was slightly higher in the SP fed group which contributed to an increase of energy intake compared to SC group (>1.17 times) and vs SPL fed group (>1.2 times). The average daily gain (ADG) decreased highly significant in the SP diet compared to the SC diet. Linseed adds in SPL diet contributed to obtaining performances closed to SC group. SP diets increased the N level slightly in faeces and urine. BUN concentration has a linear relation with urinary N. CO2 emitted represent 28-32% of CO2 exhalation. CO2 increased in the SP diet (P<0.10) due to the fact that HP value increased as well. No significant influence was noticed for CH4 estimated value, although a slight increase was observed in the SP diet. In conclusion, although certain N metabolism indicator was affected by peas diet, only a little part was significantly modified. An oil-rich ingredient such as linseed could successfully complement peas by diminishing its adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129397295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0007
D. Marin, G. Pistol, I. Țăranu
Abstract Co-contamination with mycotoxin represents a serious concern for human and animal health. In this in vitro study, we investigated the combined effects of ZEA and OTA, mycotoxins which frequently contaminate cereals, in binary mixtures on the viability of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed after 24 h using a neutral red assay. An antagonistic effect was observed for binary toxins combinations affecting 25% of cell viability (CI=4.18), which turn into a synergistic effect as followed: slight at IL50 (CI=1.51), moderate at IL75 (CI=0.554) and strong at IL90 (CI=0.203). In conclusion, our results show an important additive and even synergistic cytotoxic effect of two commonly occurred mycotoxins: zearalenone and ochratoxin when they are present simultaneously in food or feed. The co-exposure to mycotoxins lead to a higher toxicity than the exposure to single toxin. Our study provides important data for mycotoxins risk assessment. In this context, a re-evaluation of the guidance levels for mycotoxins will be required in the future, in order to reduce the health risk associated with the possible consumption of mycotoxin co-contaminated food or feed.
{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of individual and binary combinations of zearalenone and ochratoxin a on liver","authors":"D. Marin, G. Pistol, I. Țăranu","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Co-contamination with mycotoxin represents a serious concern for human and animal health. In this in vitro study, we investigated the combined effects of ZEA and OTA, mycotoxins which frequently contaminate cereals, in binary mixtures on the viability of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed after 24 h using a neutral red assay. An antagonistic effect was observed for binary toxins combinations affecting 25% of cell viability (CI=4.18), which turn into a synergistic effect as followed: slight at IL50 (CI=1.51), moderate at IL75 (CI=0.554) and strong at IL90 (CI=0.203). In conclusion, our results show an important additive and even synergistic cytotoxic effect of two commonly occurred mycotoxins: zearalenone and ochratoxin when they are present simultaneously in food or feed. The co-exposure to mycotoxins lead to a higher toxicity than the exposure to single toxin. Our study provides important data for mycotoxins risk assessment. In this context, a re-evaluation of the guidance levels for mycotoxins will be required in the future, in order to reduce the health risk associated with the possible consumption of mycotoxin co-contaminated food or feed.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129142125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0005
N. Palova, J. Nakev, T. Popova, M. Ignatova
Abstract (An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg. The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.
{"title":"Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain","authors":"N. Palova, J. Nakev, T. Popova, M. Ignatova","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract (An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg. The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131632628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0003
T. A. Arilekolasi, O. Omotoso, O. B. Faluyi, A. Fajemisin, J. A. Alokan
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the impact of introducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with or without molasses in a diet based on rice husk on the health status of goats. Thirty (30) West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with mean weight of 10.46 ± 0.06 kg were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of six goats per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment for 84 days. The goats were fed five formulated diets of rice husks anaerobically fermented for 7days with S. cerevisiae with or without molasses at graded levels. Nutrient composition of feed, daily nutrient intake, apparent digestibility coefficients, weekly weight gain/change by the goats were evaluated. At the end of the feeding trial, faeces, urine and blood samples were collected and analysed using standard procedures. The efficacy of the diet containing a combination of S. cerevisiae and molasses in ratio 1:1 as a feed additive, coupled with fermentation was proven by the concomitant reduction in fibre content. All the growth criteria (feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio), blood profiles and serum minerals measured favoured goats fed this Diet 3. No mortality was recorded during the trial. Conclusively, introducing S. cerevisiae with molasses at equi-ratio nutritionally enhances optimal rice husk utilization in goats’ nutrition and supported productive performance and their health status.
{"title":"Dietary effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with or without molasses in rice husk based-diet on performance and health status of goats","authors":"T. A. Arilekolasi, O. Omotoso, O. B. Faluyi, A. Fajemisin, J. A. Alokan","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the impact of introducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with or without molasses in a diet based on rice husk on the health status of goats. Thirty (30) West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with mean weight of 10.46 ± 0.06 kg were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of six goats per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment for 84 days. The goats were fed five formulated diets of rice husks anaerobically fermented for 7days with S. cerevisiae with or without molasses at graded levels. Nutrient composition of feed, daily nutrient intake, apparent digestibility coefficients, weekly weight gain/change by the goats were evaluated. At the end of the feeding trial, faeces, urine and blood samples were collected and analysed using standard procedures. The efficacy of the diet containing a combination of S. cerevisiae and molasses in ratio 1:1 as a feed additive, coupled with fermentation was proven by the concomitant reduction in fibre content. All the growth criteria (feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio), blood profiles and serum minerals measured favoured goats fed this Diet 3. No mortality was recorded during the trial. Conclusively, introducing S. cerevisiae with molasses at equi-ratio nutritionally enhances optimal rice husk utilization in goats’ nutrition and supported productive performance and their health status.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124158872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0004
M. Adegbenro
Abstract The study investigated effects of diet compositions on nutrient composition of oven dried eggs. Eggs were obtained from birds fed composite leaf meal (CLM) and separated as egg white, egg yolk and whole egg. The separated portions and whole egg were homogenized separately. The samples were oven-dried at 40°C and allowed to cool. The different portions of the egg flakes were milled, sieved and proximate analysis was done. For the egg white, highest crude protein (71.83%) was recorded in egg from birds fed 5% CLM and lowest (62.88%) in egg from birds fed 0% CLM. For egg yolk, highest carbohydrate 38.66% was observed in egg from bird fed 0% CLM and lowest 25.50% in egg from bird fed 5% CLM. Food energy varied; 528.02g/cal to 544.56g/cal in egg obtained from bird fed 2% and 1% CLM, respectively. The crude protein of the whole egg varied; 48.40% (0%) - 56.15% (5% CLM). From the results, it could be concluded that the nutrient composition of the egg white, egg yolk and whole egg were affected by the levels of CLM in the diet.
{"title":"Nutritional Composition of Oven Dried Eggs Produced from Isa-Brown Hens Fed Composite Leaf Meal-Based Diets","authors":"M. Adegbenro","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study investigated effects of diet compositions on nutrient composition of oven dried eggs. Eggs were obtained from birds fed composite leaf meal (CLM) and separated as egg white, egg yolk and whole egg. The separated portions and whole egg were homogenized separately. The samples were oven-dried at 40°C and allowed to cool. The different portions of the egg flakes were milled, sieved and proximate analysis was done. For the egg white, highest crude protein (71.83%) was recorded in egg from birds fed 5% CLM and lowest (62.88%) in egg from birds fed 0% CLM. For egg yolk, highest carbohydrate 38.66% was observed in egg from bird fed 0% CLM and lowest 25.50% in egg from bird fed 5% CLM. Food energy varied; 528.02g/cal to 544.56g/cal in egg obtained from bird fed 2% and 1% CLM, respectively. The crude protein of the whole egg varied; 48.40% (0%) - 56.15% (5% CLM). From the results, it could be concluded that the nutrient composition of the egg white, egg yolk and whole egg were affected by the levels of CLM in the diet.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129434108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0001
M. Rotar, H. Grosu, M. Gras, R. Pelmuș, C. Lazăr, F. Popa
Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the classical animal model (based on total milk for 305 days) with the Test-Day model (using monthly records of milk yield from Official Records of Performances). The data set derived from a total 175 animals (cows with records, parents of these animals and the descendants) from two Romanian breeds (Romanian Black Spotted and Montbeliarde), the phenotypic and the pedigree information arisen from National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA-Balotesti). The selection criteria to be included in the analysis for each cow was to have at least 3 test-days and the days in milk between 200 and 330 for the Test-Day model and the total amount of the 305- day lactation yield for classical Animal Model respectively. Both models use B.L.U.P methodology and for that reason all the estimates were adjusted for fixed effects and all the breeding values and the solution for fixed effects were estimated simultaneous. For the animal model the fixed effects used was the breed and the year of performing and for the Test-Day model was an extra one, the test day effect. The correlation calculated between test days was very high (over 90%) for consecutive tests, and was getting lower when the days between tests was higher (under 40%). Also, in terms of heritability the values were in normal limits throughout lactation, except at the beginning and end of lactation period where these values were a little bit higher. The comparison of the ranking of breeding values with Spearman rank correlation shows that in 80% of the cases the ranking was similar for both models. As the ranking correlations shows, it is certain that the two models are very similar when they are used for genetic evaluation. But, in conclusion, we can say that for a better lactation curve estimation it is recommending to use test-day model for dairy cattle.
{"title":"Animal Model Versus Polynomial Legendre Test-Day In Dairy Cattle","authors":"M. Rotar, H. Grosu, M. Gras, R. Pelmuș, C. Lazăr, F. Popa","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the classical animal model (based on total milk for 305 days) with the Test-Day model (using monthly records of milk yield from Official Records of Performances). The data set derived from a total 175 animals (cows with records, parents of these animals and the descendants) from two Romanian breeds (Romanian Black Spotted and Montbeliarde), the phenotypic and the pedigree information arisen from National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA-Balotesti). The selection criteria to be included in the analysis for each cow was to have at least 3 test-days and the days in milk between 200 and 330 for the Test-Day model and the total amount of the 305- day lactation yield for classical Animal Model respectively. Both models use B.L.U.P methodology and for that reason all the estimates were adjusted for fixed effects and all the breeding values and the solution for fixed effects were estimated simultaneous. For the animal model the fixed effects used was the breed and the year of performing and for the Test-Day model was an extra one, the test day effect. The correlation calculated between test days was very high (over 90%) for consecutive tests, and was getting lower when the days between tests was higher (under 40%). Also, in terms of heritability the values were in normal limits throughout lactation, except at the beginning and end of lactation period where these values were a little bit higher. The comparison of the ranking of breeding values with Spearman rank correlation shows that in 80% of the cases the ranking was similar for both models. As the ranking correlations shows, it is certain that the two models are very similar when they are used for genetic evaluation. But, in conclusion, we can say that for a better lactation curve estimation it is recommending to use test-day model for dairy cattle.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115466743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0002
R. Pelmuș, C. Lazăr, M. Palade, M. Stancu, C. Rotar, M. Gras
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine milk quality indices as well as the milk protein composition in Romanian Holstein cattle raised under the conditions of experimental farm of INCDBNA-IBNA. The study was carried out on 22 milk samples. The types of different milk proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE technique. Sampling day and milk chemical composition were performed during the milking period of studied cattle. The quality indices were breed-specific for protein (3.38%) and higher for fat (4.39%). Milk proteins analysis of Romanian Holstein cattle separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed the presence of four major caseins (αs1-, αs2-, β- and k-casein) and two whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin). The caseins accounted 77.28% of the total milk proteins, while the major proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin) from the whey represented 22.72% of the total proteins. αs1-casein + αs2-casein had a higher expression (36.01%) followed by β-casein (31.45%), β-lactoglobulin (18.16%), k-casein (9.82%) and α-lactalbumin (4.56%). The most of milk samples was characterized by a medium expression level of both caseins and whey proteins
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Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0008
I. Țăranu, M. Gras, M. Hăbeanu, G. Pistol, N. Lefter, M. Palade, M. Ropotă, V. Chedea, D. Marin
Abstract Grape seed cakes (GSC) resulted from grape seed oil extraction represent a by-product rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibres, minerals, vitamins etc known for their beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative and immune-modulatory effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of dietary grape seed cakes bioactive compounds on several anti-inflammatory and antioxidative biomarkers in spleen of pigs during fattening phase. Twelve crossbred TOPIG hybrid fattening pigs were allocated to two experimental treatments: 1) commercial diet (control group) and 2) a diet including 5% grape seed cakes (GSC group) for 24 days. At the end of experimental period (day 24) pigs were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected and stored at –80°C until analysis. The results showed that GSC diet lowered the gene expression as well as the protein concentration of pro-inflammatory markers: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β, -52.66%, p<0.05) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ, -42.13%, p<0.05) and had a tendency to decrease that of interleukin 6 (IL-6, -13.25%), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, -9.06%) and interleukin 8 (IL-8, -11.08%) when compared to control diet confirming the anti-inflammatory properties of GSC’s active ingredients. The total splenic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase-CAT and glutathione peroxidase-GPx) were higher in spleen of pigs fed GSC diet than in control group suggesting also the antioxidative potential of GSC. The results related to the molecular mechanism showed a higher expression of gene encoding for PPAR-γ and for Nrf2 in spleen of pigs receiving the GSC diet (Fc 1.81 and 1.58) suggesting that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of this diet is probably exerted by PPAR-γ and Nrf2 pathway. Further, other percent of dietary GSC inclusion need to be investigated in order to obtain a more complex response related to biomarkers which characterise the fattening/obesity process.
{"title":"Active ingredients from oil by-products modulate spleen inflammatory and antioxidant response in pigs","authors":"I. Țăranu, M. Gras, M. Hăbeanu, G. Pistol, N. Lefter, M. Palade, M. Ropotă, V. Chedea, D. Marin","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grape seed cakes (GSC) resulted from grape seed oil extraction represent a by-product rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibres, minerals, vitamins etc known for their beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative and immune-modulatory effects. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of dietary grape seed cakes bioactive compounds on several anti-inflammatory and antioxidative biomarkers in spleen of pigs during fattening phase. Twelve crossbred TOPIG hybrid fattening pigs were allocated to two experimental treatments: 1) commercial diet (control group) and 2) a diet including 5% grape seed cakes (GSC group) for 24 days. At the end of experimental period (day 24) pigs were sacrificed and spleen samples were collected and stored at –80°C until analysis. The results showed that GSC diet lowered the gene expression as well as the protein concentration of pro-inflammatory markers: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β, -52.66%, p<0.05) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ, -42.13%, p<0.05) and had a tendency to decrease that of interleukin 6 (IL-6, -13.25%), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, -9.06%) and interleukin 8 (IL-8, -11.08%) when compared to control diet confirming the anti-inflammatory properties of GSC’s active ingredients. The total splenic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase-CAT and glutathione peroxidase-GPx) were higher in spleen of pigs fed GSC diet than in control group suggesting also the antioxidative potential of GSC. The results related to the molecular mechanism showed a higher expression of gene encoding for PPAR-γ and for Nrf2 in spleen of pigs receiving the GSC diet (Fc 1.81 and 1.58) suggesting that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of this diet is probably exerted by PPAR-γ and Nrf2 pathway. Further, other percent of dietary GSC inclusion need to be investigated in order to obtain a more complex response related to biomarkers which characterise the fattening/obesity process.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129517287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2478/azibna-2020-0006
G. Pistol, D. Marin, I. Țăranu
Abstract The treatment of intestinal inflammation pathologies (also known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, IBD) has included a large variety of strategies, from pharmaceutical to traditional medicine and dietary therapies. In the last years, numerous efforts were undertaken to demonstrate the health promoting activities of probiotics in intestinal inflammation and more other pathologic conditions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus sp. on the inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways as well as nuclear receptors in colonic Caco-2 cells. Human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were challenged in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 hours for the induction of inflammation. The LPS-treated cells were cultured for additional 24 hours in the presence of Lactobacillus (Lb) mixture (3 x108 CFU/mL total Lb). Genomic and proteomic array approaches were used to analyse the profile expression of 18 key genes and their proteins involved in intestinal inflammatory response (chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors) as well as signalling markers (Akt, GSK) and nuclear receptors (NF-kB/RELA, Nrf2, AhR). Our study demonstrated that the probiotic Lactobacillus mixture could decrease LPS-induced inflammatory mediator expressions (chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor) at gene and protein level. This down-regulation exerted by Lb. mix in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells seemed to be regulated through inhibition of both the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Additionally, AhR activation induced by LPS was reduced by probiotic mixture under the level of LPS-treated cells. These beneficial effects of Lactobacillus mixture support their use as inflammatory modulators in intestinal disorders.
{"title":"A mixture of Lactobacillus sp. modulates the expression of inflammatory molecules, signalling kinases and nuclear receptors in LPS-treated Caco-2 cell culture model","authors":"G. Pistol, D. Marin, I. Țăranu","doi":"10.2478/azibna-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/azibna-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The treatment of intestinal inflammation pathologies (also known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, IBD) has included a large variety of strategies, from pharmaceutical to traditional medicine and dietary therapies. In the last years, numerous efforts were undertaken to demonstrate the health promoting activities of probiotics in intestinal inflammation and more other pathologic conditions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus sp. on the inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways as well as nuclear receptors in colonic Caco-2 cells. Human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were challenged in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 hours for the induction of inflammation. The LPS-treated cells were cultured for additional 24 hours in the presence of Lactobacillus (Lb) mixture (3 x108 CFU/mL total Lb). Genomic and proteomic array approaches were used to analyse the profile expression of 18 key genes and their proteins involved in intestinal inflammatory response (chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors) as well as signalling markers (Akt, GSK) and nuclear receptors (NF-kB/RELA, Nrf2, AhR). Our study demonstrated that the probiotic Lactobacillus mixture could decrease LPS-induced inflammatory mediator expressions (chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor) at gene and protein level. This down-regulation exerted by Lb. mix in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells seemed to be regulated through inhibition of both the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Additionally, AhR activation induced by LPS was reduced by probiotic mixture under the level of LPS-treated cells. These beneficial effects of Lactobacillus mixture support their use as inflammatory modulators in intestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":170796,"journal":{"name":"Archiva Zootechnica","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124590065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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