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Culturable endophytic Sordariomycetes from Rosa roxburghii: New species and lifestyles Rosa roxburghii 中可培养的内生索氏菌:新物种和生活方式
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13035
Hong Zhang, Yu-Tao Mao, Ming-Xia Ma, Guang-Can Tao, Tian-Peng Wei, Yu-Lan Jiang
Rosa-associated fungi are rich in species and diverse in function, with many potential new taxa. However, only a few publications have reported Rosa-associated endophytic fungi using a combination of molecular systematics and morphology. Rosa roxburghii is an economically important source of medicine and food. We reported earlier the diversity and antimicrobial activities of the fungal endophytes of this plant, but further confirmation is needed for possible new taxa. In this study, we describe 10 novel species and two new host records isolated from healthy tissues of R. roxburghii while identifying three new combinations, all belonging to the Sordariomycetes. The new species described herein include Chaetomium rosifloricola, Chaetomium rosiradicicola, Chrysofolia fructicola, Coniella cili, Hypoxylon florendophyticum, Hypoxylon rosicaulendophyticum, Ilyonectria radicigena, Neopestalotiopsis caulicola, Neopestalotiopsis fructicola, and Seimatosporium endophyticum. Monochaetia bulbophylli, Neopestalotiopsis anacardii, and Neopestalotiopsis termitarii were introduced as new combinations, while Coniella quercicola and Hypoxylon pulicicidum were described as new host records on R. roxburghii. All the taxa have been described, illustrated, and phylogenetically analyzed, in addition to the lifestyles of each genus. Altogether, the results of this study have important implications for identifying novel endophytic fungi and developing potential applications of these fungi in the future.
蔷薇相关真菌种类丰富,功能多样,有许多潜在的新类群。然而,只有少数出版物利用分子系统学和形态学相结合的方法报道了蔷薇相关内生真菌。Rosa roxburghii 是一种重要的经济药材和食品来源。我们曾报道过该植物真菌内生菌的多样性和抗菌活性,但对于可能出现的新分类群还需要进一步确认。在本研究中,我们描述了从 R. roxburghii 健康组织中分离出的 10 个新种和 2 个新的宿主记录,同时确定了 3 个新的组合,它们都属于脊索真菌纲。本文描述的新物种包括:Chaetomium rosifloricola、Chaetomium rosiradicicola、Chrysofolia fructicola、Coniella cili、Hypoxylon florendophyticum、Hypoxylon rosicaulendophyticum、Ilyonectria radicigena、Neopestalotiopsis caulicola、Neopestalotiopsis fructicola 和 Seimatosporium endophyticum。Monochaetia bulbophylli、Neopestalotiopsis anacardii 和 Neopestalotiopsis termitarii 作为新组合被引入,而 Coniella quercicola 和 Hypoxylon pulicicidum 被描述为 R. roxburghii 的新寄主记录。除了每个属的生活方式外,还对所有分类群进行了描述、图解和系统发育分析。总之,这项研究的结果对于鉴定新型内生真菌和开发这些真菌在未来的潜在应用具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Speciation and conservation genetic assessment of two endangered cycad species 两个濒危苏铁物种的变种和保护基因评估
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13031
Xiu-Yan Feng, Yi-Qing Gong, Khang Sinh Nguyen, Hiep Tien Nguyen, Yong-Bo Liu, Jian Liu, Xun Gong
Understanding the driving forces of speciation is a central question in evolutionary biology. Cycas bifida (Dyer) K. D. Hill and Cycas micholitzii Dyer are two morphologically similar Cycas (Cycadaceae) species with deeply pectinate megasporophylls and dichotomously divided leaflets. Geographically, they are isolated by the Red River Fault Zone (RRFZ), which acts as a biogeographical barrier for many Cycas species. In this study, we investigated the divergence, genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of C. bifida and C. micholitzii to uncover the speciation mechanisms for the two endangered species. Results revealed high historical gene flow but low contemporary gene flow between the two species, with a deep divergence occurring in the Late Miocene. The long-term geographical isolation and ecological niche differentiation were identified as important factors in driving the divergence of the two species, supported by significant isolation by distance testing, barrier analysis, and niche consistency detection. Geographical isolation by the RRFZ played a pivotal role in facilitating their divergence by constraining gene flow. Conservation genetic analyses indicated high genetic diversity within both species, coupled with disparate responses to Pleistocene climate fluctuations: C. micholitzii experienced population expansion, while C. bifida displayed a mild bottleneck effect. To ensure the protection and long-term sustainability of two threatened species, relevant conservation guidelines were proposed based on the assessment of their genetic diversity and structure. This study furnishes valuable insights into the mechanisms underpinning species divergence and delivers actionable recommendations for cycad conservation.
了解物种分化的驱动力是进化生物学的一个核心问题。Cycas bifida (Dyer) K. D. Hill 和 Cycas micholitzii Dyer 是两种形态上相似的苏铁(苏铁科)物种,具有深栉状巨孢子叶和二歧分裂的小叶。在地理上,它们被红河断裂带(RRFZ)隔离,而红河断裂带是许多苏铁物种的生物地理屏障。在这项研究中,我们调查了C. bifida和C. micholitzii的分化、遗传多样性、遗传结构和人口历史,以揭示这两个濒危物种的物种分化机制。结果显示,这两个物种之间的历史基因流较高,但当代基因流较低,在晚中新世出现了深度分化。通过距离测试、障碍分析和生态位一致性检测发现,长期地理隔离和生态位分化是导致两个物种分化的重要因素。RRFZ的地理隔离限制了基因流动,在促进其分化方面发挥了关键作用。保护性遗传分析表明,这两个物种的遗传多样性都很高,同时对更新世气候波动的反应也不尽相同:micholitzii 经历了种群扩张,而 C. bifida 则表现出轻微的瓶颈效应。为确保这两个濒危物种的保护和长期可持续发展,我们在评估其遗传多样性和结构的基础上提出了相关的保护指南。这项研究为物种分化的机制提供了宝贵的见解,并为苏铁植物的保护提供了可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Continuous genetic adaptation to high elevations of alpine bamboos in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China 中国西南横断山脉高山竹子对高海拔的持续遗传适应性
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13038
Li-Ying Luo, Gui-Hua Jin, Peng-Fei Ma, De-Zhu Li
Many examples of phenotypic modifications resulting from high-elevation adaptation have been documented, however, the underlying processes responsible for these modifications and whether the continuity of the adaptation process remain elusive, particularly in plants. The alpine plants distributed along wide elevational gradients provide an ideal system to address this question. Here, we collected transcriptomes from multiple tissues of three species with different elevations (~1500, ~2500, and ~3600 m in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China) in two genera Fargesia and Yushania of alpine bamboos, respectively, and conducted evolutionary and expressional analyses. Results showed that high-elevation adaptation emerged earlier in the evolutionary history of both genera and evolved continuously as the elevation increased. Moreover, convergence of genetic changes was observed in the two genera, with amounts of candidate genes responsible for high-elevation adaptation identified under positive selection. Overall, our study provides an empirical example and valuable genetic resource for further investigation of high-elevation adaptation in plants and sheds new light on how plants adapting to high-elevation environments in a biodiversity hotspot.
高海拔适应导致表型改变的例子有很多,但导致这些改变的基本过程以及适应过程是否具有连续性仍然难以捉摸,尤其是在植物中。分布在广阔海拔梯度上的高山植物为解决这一问题提供了一个理想的系统。在此,我们分别从高山竹类的法桐属和玉竹属中不同海拔(中国西南横断山脉海拔约 1500 米、约 2500 米和约 3600 米)的三个物种的多个组织中收集了转录组,并进行了进化和表达分析。结果表明,高海拔适应在两个属的进化史中出现较早,并随着海拔的升高而不断演化。此外,在这两个属中观察到了基因变化的趋同性,在正选择下发现了大量负责高海拔适应的候选基因。总之,我们的研究为进一步研究植物的高海拔适应性提供了一个经验范例和宝贵的遗传资源,并为生物多样性热点地区的植物如何适应高海拔环境提供了新的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the late Paleocene of Paris Basin, France 法国巴黎盆地晚古新世Menispermaceae的内腕类化石
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13033
Eliise Kara, Jérémie Bardin, Dario De Franceschi, Cédric Del Rio
Menispermaceae are an angiosperm family of mostly climbing plants distributed throughout tropical regions. The fruits in this family have a strong sclerified endocarp and can be used for reliable species-level identifications, even in a fossilized form. New Paleocene-age menispermaceous endocarps have recently been discovered in South America and Asia, while in Europe, they are mostly found in the Eocene. This paper focuses on the study of fossil endocarps belonging to Menispermaceae, found in the Petit-Pâtis locality, which is one of the few Paleocene localities in Europe. The locality is dated to the late Paleocene (57–56 Ma) and the fossils represent flora and fauna in the Paris Basin before the onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Lignitized fossils were photographed and their morphology was analyzed using computed tomography, scanning electron microscope, and geometric morphometric analysis. The analysis of 36 fossils belonging to Menispermaceae revealed that three genera (Stephania, Palaeosinomenium, Tinospora) were present in the late Paleocene of Paris Basin. Differences in internal morphology and a more inflated endocarp base led to a description of a new fossil species—Palaeosinomenium oisensis sp. nov. The occurrence of these genera in the Paleocene of France is consistent with the suggestion that megathermal flora was present in the Paris Basin before the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. These three genera are currently the oldest occurrences in Europe, highlighting the connection between paleofloras of the Americas, Europe, and Asia in the Paleocene.
menispermenaceae是一个被子植物科,以攀缘植物为主,分布于热带地区。这个科的果实具有坚硬的内果皮,可以用于可靠的种水平鉴定,即使是化石形式。最近在南美洲和亚洲发现了新的古新世半生内腕类动物,而在欧洲,它们大多是在始新世发现的。本文主要研究了在petit - patiss地区发现的Menispermaceae内腕类化石,该地区是欧洲为数不多的古新世地区之一。该化石定位于古新世晚期(57 ~ 56 Ma),代表了古新世—始新世热极大期开始前巴黎盆地的动植物群。对木质素化化石进行了拍摄,并利用计算机断层扫描、扫描电镜和几何形态计量学分析对其形态进行了分析。对巴黎盆地晚古新世的36块月牙虫科化石进行了分析,发现在巴黎盆地存在3个属(Stephania, Palaeosinomenium, Tinospora)。内部形态的差异和更膨胀的内皮基部导致了一种新的化石物种的描述- paleosinomenium oisensis sp. 11 .这些属在法国古新世的出现与古新世-始新世热极大期之前巴黎盆地存在大热植物群的建议一致。这三个属是目前在欧洲出现的最古老的植物,突出了古新世美洲、欧洲和亚洲的古植物区系之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Chloroplast genomes and ribosomal DNA provide insights into divergence and morphological evolution of alpine Tongoloa 叶绿体基因组和核糖体DNA提供了高山通通虫分化和形态进化的见解
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13028
Ling-Jian Gui, Deng-Feng Xie, Chang Peng, Ting Ren, Li-Ying Yu, Song-Dong Zhou, Xing-Jin He
Tongoloa is a herbaceous genus of East Asia Clade (Apiaceae) distributed in the alpine regions. The use of DNA fragments has not provided a well-resolved evolutionary history. For this research, we primarily collected samples from the type localities of Tongoloa and closely related taxa in the Hengduan Mountains. The chloroplast (cp) genomes and nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA repeats of 27 taxa were assembled using genome skimming sequencing reads. We analyzed the characteristics of the Tongoloa cp genome, and found a remarkable expansion of the Inverted Repeats. Three genes (ndhC, ndhJ, and petG) related to photosynthesis appear to have undergone significant selective pressure. Through high-resolution phylogenetic analysis, the cpDNA provided compelling evidence supporting the inclusion of Sinolimprichtia as an early taxon within Tongoloa. However, the nrDNA suggested that Tongoloa and Sinolimprichtia belong to distinct branches. Morphological analysis showed that Tongoloa has broadly oval fruits with a cordate base, whereas the fruits of Sinolimprichtia are long-obovate with an obtuse base. The specific fruit morphology of Sinolimprichtia was found to be nested within Tongoloa in the cpDNA phylogenetic tree. Ancient introgression and chloroplast capture provide the most plausible explanation for the significant conflict between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies. Our study highlights the potential impact of the complex evolutionary history of Tongoloa on the challenges encountered in previous taxonomic treatments.
汤加是东亚支(蜂科)的一个草本属,分布在高山地区。DNA片段的使用并没有提供一个很好解决的进化史。在本次研究中,我们主要采集了横断山区内通罗亚及其近缘分类群的类型分布区样本。采用基因组扫描测序方法,对27个分类群的叶绿体基因组和核糖体DNA重复序列进行了组装。我们分析了Tongoloa cp基因组的特征,发现倒置重复序列显著扩增。与光合作用有关的三个基因(ndhC、ndhJ和petG)似乎经历了显著的选择压力。通过高分辨率的系统发育分析,cpDNA提供了令人信服的证据,支持Sinolimprichtia作为Tongoloa的早期分类单元。然而,nrDNA表明Tongoloa和Sinolimprichtia属于不同的分支。形态分析表明,铜绿属的果实宽卵圆形,基部心形,而青花属的果实长倒卵形,基部钝。在cpDNA系统发育树中,发现Sinolimprichtia特有的果实形态嵌套在Tongoloa中。古代基因渗入和叶绿体捕获为nrDNA和cpDNA系统发育之间的重大冲突提供了最合理的解释。我们的研究强调了Tongoloa复杂的进化史对以前分类处理中遇到的挑战的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Plant species richness hotspots and related drivers across spatial scales in small Mediterranean islands 地中海小岛屿植物物种丰富度热点及其驱动因素
IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13034
Riccardo Testolin, Fabio Attorre, Vanessa Bruzzaniti, Riccardo Guarino, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Michele Lussu, Stefano Martellos, Michele Di Musciano, Salvatore Pasta, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Francesco Santi, Piero Zannini, Alessandro Chiarucci
Small islands represent a common feature in the Mediterranean and host a significant fraction of its biodiversity. However, the distribution of plant species richness across spatial scales—from local communities (alpha) to whole islands (gamma)—is largely unknown, and so is the influence of environmental, geographical, and topographical factors. By building upon classic biogeographic theory, we used the species–area relationship and about 4500 vegetation plots in 54 Central Mediterranean small islands to identify hotspots of plant species richness and the underlying spatial determinants across scales. To do so, we fitted and averaged eight species–area models on gamma and alpha richness against island area and plot size, respectively. Based on positive deviations from the fitted curves, we identified 12 islands as cross-scale hotspots. These islands encompassed around 70% of species and habitat richness, as well as almost 50% of the rarest species in the data set, while occupying less than 40% of the total island surface. By fitting generalized linear mixed models, we found that gamma richness was mainly explained by island area and was weakly related to mean annual temperature (positively) and annual precipitation (negatively). As for alpha richness, after accounting for the idiosyncratic effect of habitats and islands, plot size and gamma richness remained the only significant predictors, showing a positive relationship. This work contributes to the understanding of the patterns and drivers of plant diversity in Central Mediterranean small islands and outlines a useful methodology for the prioritization of conservation efforts.
小岛屿是地中海的一个共同特征,拥有其生物多样性的很大一部分。然而,植物物种丰富度在空间尺度上的分布——从当地群落(alpha)到整个岛屿(gamma)——在很大程度上是未知的,环境、地理和地形因素的影响也是未知的。在经典生物地理学理论的基础上,利用地中海中部54个小岛屿的物种-面积关系和约4500个植被样地,确定了不同尺度上植物物种丰富度的热点和潜在的空间决定因素。为此,我们分别针对岛屿面积和样地大小拟合了8个物种-面积模型,并对其进行了平均。基于与拟合曲线的正偏差,我们确定了12个岛屿为跨尺度热点。这些岛屿涵盖了数据集中约70%的物种和栖息地丰富度,以及近50%的最稀有物种,而占岛屿总面积的比例不到40%。通过广义线性混合模型拟合发现,伽马丰富度主要由岛屿面积解释,与年平均气温(正相关)和年降水量(负相关)呈弱相关。对于α丰富度,在考虑了生境和岛屿的特异效应后,样地大小和γ丰富度仍然是唯一显著的预测因子,呈正相关。这项工作有助于了解地中海中部小岛屿植物多样性的模式和驱动因素,并概述了确定保护工作优先次序的有用方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Shenzhen Congress and plant conservation: What have we accomplished in the 6 years since? 深圳大会与植物保护:6年来我们取得了哪些成就?
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13030
Peter H. Raven, Zhiyun Ouyang, Paul Smith, Mathis Wackernagel

At the XIX International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017, the delegates unanimously adopted the Shenzhen Declaration on Plant Sciences in an effort to accelerate the contributions made by plant scientists for the benefit of the world′s changing society. This paper discusses what has been accomplished concerning plant conservation since the Shenzhen Declaration. Beyond the problems we faced in 2017, the global Covid pandemic and the war have presented new challenges. With the massive ecological overshoot, the number of malnourished people globally has increased. Most threats to vascular plants have increased generally over these 6 years, while the responses of the botanical community to them have continued to proceed at a relatively slow pace. Although international cooperation is needed to combat the grave challenges we face, the ease of such collaboration has decreased substantially in recent years. Certainly, rapid deforestation, especially in the tropics, and our ineffective approaches to mitigate climate change will lessen the effectiveness of our strategies to slow extinction. Indeed, our blindness to the reality of ecological overshoot and misperceptions concerning sustainability are accelerating extinction and thus destabilizing social structures and civilization. As an example, conservation in China faces serious challenges with biodiversity loss, but botanical gardens and seed banks there offer hope on ex situ conservation. The botanical and other scientific communities can contribute by drawing the attention of fellow citizens to the gravity of the problems that we face and by being actively engaged in providing solutions and carrying them forward to action.

2017年7月,在中国深圳举行的第19届国际植物学大会上,代表们一致通过了《深圳植物科学宣言》,旨在加快植物科学家为世界不断变化的社会做出贡献。本文论述了《深圳宣言》以来在植物保护方面所取得的成就。除了2017年面临的问题外,全球疫情和战争也带来了新的挑战。随着大规模的生态超载,全球营养不良人口的数量有所增加。近6年来,维管植物面临的威胁总体上呈上升趋势,而植物界对这些威胁的反应却相对缓慢。虽然需要国际合作来对付我们面临的严重挑战,但近年来这种合作的便利程度已大大下降。当然,快速的森林砍伐,特别是在热带地区,以及我们减缓气候变化的无效方法,将降低我们减缓灭绝策略的有效性。事实上,我们对生态超载现实的盲目和对可持续性的误解正在加速灭绝,从而破坏社会结构和文明的稳定。例如,中国的保护面临着生物多样性丧失的严峻挑战,但那里的植物园和种子库为迁地保护提供了希望。植物学和其他科学界可以作出贡献,提请同胞注意我们所面临问题的严重性,并积极参与提供解决办法并将其付诸行动。
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引用次数: 0
Time-calibrated phylogeny of Daphne (Thymelaeaceae): Pre-mediterranean temporal origin of the sclerophyllous Daphne gnidium Daphne(胸腺花科)的时间校准系统发育:硬叶植物 Daphne gnidium 的前地中海时间起源
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13018
Cristina Ramos-Capón, Pablo Vargas, Fernando Pomeda-Gutiérrez, Sara Martín-Hernanz

The sclerophyllous syndrome is characterized by well-defined traits (evergreen coriaceous leaves, inconspicuous flowers, and fleshy fruits). It has been hypothesized that lineages displaying the sclerophyllous syndrome show lower speciation rates than non-sclerophyllous lineages after the establishment of the mediterranean climate. Daphne gnidium displays sclerophyllous traits and some differentiation into three subspecies (gnidium, mauritanica, maritima), but the spatio-temporal origin of this taxonomic group is unknown due to the lack of a time-calibrated phylogeny of the whole genus. Here, we inferred phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Daphne (32 species, 238 samples) and other genera of Thymelaeaceae (16 genera, 38 species, 34 samples) using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), which revealed that the current circumscription of Daphne is profoundly polyphyletic because some species are nested within the genera Wikstroemia and Edgeworthia. In contrast, D. gnidium formed a well-supported clade as recognized in taxonomic accounts (subgenus Spachia). We found morphological and phylogenetic support for Daphne mauritanica as a monophyletic lineage sister to D. gnidium. Divergence between D. gnidium and D. mauritanica appears to have predated the establishment of seasonally dry conditions, which supports a pre-mediterranean temporal origin of the lineage. A phylogeographical analysis within D. gnidium based on 66 nrDNA (ITS) and 84 cpDNA (rps16, trnV) sequences agreed with the low differentiation of the species in the Pleistocene despite its large distribution range. Altogether, D. gnidium illustrates one more example of the sclerophyllous syndrome with no speciation after the onset of the mediterranean climate.

硬叶植物综合征的特征非常明显(常绿的珊瑚状叶、不明显的花和肉质果实)。据推测,在地中海气候形成后,表现出硬叶状综合征的品系比非硬叶状品系表现出更低的物种变异率。Daphne gnidium 具有硬叶特征,并在一定程度上分化为三个亚种(gnidium、mauritanica、maritima),但由于缺乏全属的时间校准系统发生,该分类群的时空起源尚不清楚。在此,我们利用内部转录间隔物(ITS)推断了 Daphne 属(32 种,238 个样本)和百日草科其他属(16 属,38 种,34 个样本)的系统发生关系和分化时间,结果表明,Daphne 属目前的划分具有很强的多态性,因为有些种嵌套在 Wikstroemia 属和 Edgeworthia 属中。与此相反,D. gnidium 形成了一个分类学上公认的支持良好的支系(Spachia 亚属)。我们发现 Daphne mauritanica 作为 D. gnidium 的姐妹单系在形态学和系统发生学上都得到了支持。gnidium和D. mauritanica之间的分化似乎早于季节性干旱条件的形成,这支持了该系的前地中海时间起源。根据 66 个 nrDNA(ITS)和 84 个 cpDNA(rps16、trnV)序列进行的 D. gnidium 内部系统地理学分析表明,尽管该物种的分布范围很大,但其在更新世的分化程度很低。总之,D. gnidium 是地中海气候开始后没有物种分化的硬叶综合征的又一个例子。
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引用次数: 0
Banksia (Proteaceae) contains less phylogenetic diversity than expected in Southwestern Australia 在澳大利亚西南部,Banksia(变形科)的系统发育多样性低于预期
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13019
Joseph T. Miller, Emily Prentice, Elisabeth N. Bui, Nunzio Knerr, Brent D. Mishler, Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn, Carlos González-Orozco, Shawn Laffan

Banksia L.f., an iconic genus of the Proteaceae, is endemic to Australia, with its highest species richness and phylogenetic diversity (PD) in southwestern Western Australia. Analysis of the phylogenetic component of richness and endemism uncovered important patterns of Banksia evolutionary history that are not seen at the species level. We found that Banksia is significantly phylogenetically clustered in this region, likely due to recent evolutionary radiations. We also found significant concentrations of phylogenetic endemism in this region, both neoendemism (short, range-restricted evolutionary branches) and paleoendemism (long, range-restricted evolutionary branches). There is a striking northwest to southeast divide in phyloturnover in southwestern Western Australia. The majority of the variation in turnover patterns can be explained by environmental factors, with climate representing the largest covariate. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that indicates the importance of integrating phylogenetic and biodiversity data to inform conservation planning.

Banksia L.f.是变形科的一个标志性属,是澳大利亚特有的,其物种丰富度和系统发育多样性(PD)在西澳大利亚西南部最高。丰富度和特有的系统发育成分分析揭示了在物种水平上未见的班克兰进化史的重要模式。我们发现Banksia在这一区域有明显的系统发育聚集,可能是由于最近的进化辐射。我们还在该地区发现了大量的系统发育特有物种,包括新特有物种(短的、范围受限的进化分支)和古特有物种(长的、范围受限的进化分支)。西澳大利亚西南部的物种更替有明显的西北到东南的差异。大部分的更替模式变化可以用环境因子来解释,其中气候是最大的协变量。这项研究增加了越来越多的证据,表明整合系统发育和生物多样性数据对保护规划的重要性。
{"title":"Banksia (Proteaceae) contains less phylogenetic diversity than expected in Southwestern Australia","authors":"Joseph T. Miller,&nbsp;Emily Prentice,&nbsp;Elisabeth N. Bui,&nbsp;Nunzio Knerr,&nbsp;Brent D. Mishler,&nbsp;Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn,&nbsp;Carlos González-Orozco,&nbsp;Shawn Laffan","doi":"10.1111/jse.13019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Banksia</i> L.f., an iconic genus of the Proteaceae, is endemic to Australia, with its highest species richness and phylogenetic diversity (PD) in southwestern Western Australia. Analysis of the phylogenetic component of richness and endemism uncovered important patterns of <i>Banksia</i> evolutionary history that are not seen at the species level. We found that <i>Banksia</i> is significantly phylogenetically clustered in this region, likely due to recent evolutionary radiations. We also found significant concentrations of phylogenetic endemism in this region, both neoendemism (short, range-restricted evolutionary branches) and paleoendemism (long, range-restricted evolutionary branches). There is a striking northwest to southeast divide in phyloturnover in southwestern Western Australia. The majority of the variation in turnover patterns can be explained by environmental factors, with climate representing the largest covariate. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that indicates the importance of integrating phylogenetic and biodiversity data to inform conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"61 6","pages":"957-966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134805533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First recognition of the extinct eudicot genus Palibinia in North America: Leaves and fruits of Palibinia comptonifolia (R.W.Br.) comb. nov. from the Eocene of Utah and Colorado, USA 首次在北美发现已灭绝的裸子植物 Palibinia 属:来自美国犹他州和科罗拉多州始新世的 Palibinia comptonifolia (R.W.Br.) comb.
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/jse.13011
Steven R. Manchester, Walter S. Judd, Tatiana Kodrul

Newly investigated leafy twigs bearing axillary fruits from the Eocene Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation in eastern Utah, USA, have provided more information on the species previously attributed to the Proteaceae as Banksia comptonifolia R.W.Br. The leaves are simple, estipulate with short petioles, and elongate laminae with prominent angular nonglandular teeth. The laminae have a thick midvein and pinnate craspedodromous secondaries, and are distinctive in the presence of a thick, often coalified, marginal rim. Vegetative and reproductive buds occur in the axils of the leaves. These features indicate that the species belongs to Palibinia Korovin—an extinct Eudicot genus previously known only from the Paleogene of Asia and Europe. Small pedicellate ovoid fruits 1.5–2.2 mm wide are borne in fascicles of three and are seen to be capsules with four apical valves. Despite the specific epithet referring to similarity of the foliage to that of Comptonia (Myricaceae), the fasciculate inflorescence organization with axillary flowers is quite distinct from the catkins characteristic of that family. Assignment to Banksia or other Proteaceae with complex inflorescences and follicular fruits is also problematic. Additionally, MacGinitie′s transfer of the species to Vauquelinia of the Rosaceae is contradicted by the lack of stipule scars on the twig and by differences in leaf venation and floral morphology. We transfer the species to Palibinia comptonifolia (R.W.Br.) comb. nov., but its familial affinity within the Pentapetalae remains uncertain. This new occurrence augments records from the Paleogene of Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, China, England, and Germany.

美国犹他州东部绿河地层始新世 Parachute Creek 成员中新调查的带有腋生果实的多叶小枝提供了更多有关该物种的信息,该物种之前被归类为山榄科(Proteaceae)Banksia comptonifolia R.W.Br.,其叶片为单叶,无托叶,叶柄短,叶片细长,具有突出的角状非陆齿。叶片有厚的中脉和羽状羽状次脉,其独特之处在于有厚的、通常煤化的边缘缘。植物芽和生殖芽长在叶腋中。这些特征表明,该物种属于 Palibinia Korovin--一种已灭绝的裸子植物属,以前只在亚洲和欧洲的古近纪被发现。有花梗的卵圆形小果宽 1.5-2.2 毫米,每三粒为一束,被视为具有四个顶端裂爿的蒴果。尽管这种植物的叶片与 Comptonia(锦葵科)的叶片相似,但其腋生花的束状花序结构与锦葵科的柔荑花序截然不同。将其归入山杏科或其他具有复杂花序和蓇葖果的山杏科也有问题。此外,MacGinitie 将该种归入蔷薇科的 Vauquelinia 属,这与小枝上缺乏托叶痕以及叶脉和花形态上的差异相矛盾。我们将该种归入 Palibinia comptonifolia(R.W.Br.)comb. nov.这一新的出现增加了来自土库曼斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、中国、英国和德国古近纪的记录。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
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