During the Cretaceous period, the lacewing superfamily Mantispoidea, with an assemblage of species possessing raptorial forelegs, have undergone a rapid species radiation, characterized by abundant species richness and high morphological plasticity. Nevertheless, the morphology and early evolution of the specialized predatory organ around the time of its origin in raptorial Mantispoidea have been poorly documented due to the rarity of fossil evidence, especially for the pre‐Cretaceous fossils. Herein, a new genus and new species, that is Archarhachiberotha longitarsa Wang, Ren et Wang gen. et sp. nov., was described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. This new genus was characterized by the remarkable raptorial forelegs, that is, typically elongated coxa, relatively less‐swollen femur and rudimentary small femoral spines, and well‐developed tarsi. Considering the peculiar morphological combination and antiquity of the new genus, it was assigned to be a stem‐group lineage of Mantispoidea. Also, the detailed analyses of morphology and biological functions of raptorial forelegs were made to conclude that the new genus evolved into an unknown but primitive raptorial type that was distinctly different from the extant morphological features and raptorial mechanisms. In addition, the evolutionary tendency of raptorial Mantispoidea herein summarized highlights morphological diversity and disparity between fossil and extant representatives, and provides a rare case to explore the entire evolutionary history of a specialized structure in one lineage.
在白垩纪时期，草蜻蛉超科螳螂属（Mantispoidea）中具有猛禽前肢的物种群经历了快速的物种辐射，其特点是物种丰富和形态可塑性强。然而，由于化石证据稀少，尤其是白垩纪以前的化石，关于这种特化的捕食器官在猛禽螳螂目的起源前后的形态和早期演化一直鲜有记载。本文描述了来自中国东北部中侏罗世九龙山地层的一个新属和新种，即 Archarhachiberotha longitarsa Wang, Ren et Wang gen.该新属的特征是具有显著的猛禽前肢，即典型的拉长跗关节、相对较少肿胀的股骨和不发育的小股骨棘，以及发达的跗关节。考虑到新属的奇特形态组合和古老性，该属被认为是螳螂虾目（Mantispoidea）的一个干群。同时，通过对猛禽前肢的形态和生物学功能的详细分析，认为新属进化为一种未知的原始猛禽类型，与现生的形态特征和猛禽机制明显不同。此外，本文所总结的猛禽螳螂属的演化趋势凸显了化石代表与现生代表之间的形态多样性和差异，为探索一个品系中特化结构的整个演化历史提供了一个罕见的案例。
{"title":"A new stem‐group mantispoid lineage (Insecta: Neuroptera) equipped with unique raptorial structures from the Middle Jurassic of China","authors":"Jinglei Wang, Chaofan Shi, Xingyue Liu, Chungkun Shih, Dong Ren, Yongjie Wang","doi":"10.1111/jse.13125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13125","url":null,"abstract":"During the Cretaceous period, the lacewing superfamily Mantispoidea, with an assemblage of species possessing raptorial forelegs, have undergone a rapid species radiation, characterized by abundant species richness and high morphological plasticity. Nevertheless, the morphology and early evolution of the specialized predatory organ around the time of its origin in raptorial Mantispoidea have been poorly documented due to the rarity of fossil evidence, especially for the pre‐Cretaceous fossils. Herein, a new genus and new species, that is <jats:italic>Archarhachiberotha longitarsa</jats:italic> Wang, Ren et Wang gen. et sp. nov., was described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. This new genus was characterized by the remarkable raptorial forelegs, that is, typically elongated coxa, relatively less‐swollen femur and rudimentary small femoral spines, and well‐developed tarsi. Considering the peculiar morphological combination and antiquity of the new genus, it was assigned to be a stem‐group lineage of Mantispoidea. Also, the detailed analyses of morphology and biological functions of raptorial forelegs were made to conclude that the new genus evolved into an unknown but primitive raptorial type that was distinctly different from the extant morphological features and raptorial mechanisms. In addition, the evolutionary tendency of raptorial Mantispoidea herein summarized highlights morphological diversity and disparity between fossil and extant representatives, and provides a rare case to explore the entire evolutionary history of a specialized structure in one lineage.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For clades originating in warm climates, the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis predicts that current biological assemblages in colder or drier climates are expected to have lower phylogenetic diversity, and species in colder or drier climates are expected to be more closely related to each other (i.e., higher phylogenetic clustering). Liverworts are one of the oldest clades of extant land plants. They originated about 500 Ma during a warm (“greenhouse”) period and experienced multiple major cycles of warm and cold periods. Here, I test the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis using liverwort assemblages distributed along an elevational gradient crossing about 5000 m of elevation in the central Himalaya. I found that, in general, phylogenetic diversity and dispersion decrease with increasing elevation and thus with decreasing temperature, which is consistent with the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity decreases with elevation monotonically, but phylogenetic dispersion decreases with elevation in a triphasic (zig‐zag) pattern, which is generally consistent with the triphasic pattern found in angiosperms and polypod ferns along the same elevational gradient. Temperature‐related variables explained approximately the same amount of the variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion as did precipitation‐related variables, although mean annual temperature explained 9%−15% more variation than did annual precipitation. Climate extreme variables explained approximately the same amount of variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion as did climate seasonality variables.
对于起源于温暖气候的支系，根据热带生态位保守性假说的预测，目前在较寒冷或较干旱气候条件下的生物组合的系统发育多样性较低，而在较寒冷或较干旱气候条件下的物种之间的亲缘关系较近（即系统发育聚类较高）。肝草属植物是现存陆生植物中最古老的类群之一。它们起源于约 500 Ma 的温暖（"温室"）时期，并经历了多个主要的冷暖周期。在这里，我利用分布在喜马拉雅山脉中部海拔约 5000 米的海拔梯度上的肝草群来验证热带生态位保守性假说。我发现，一般来说，系统发育多样性和分散性会随着海拔的升高而降低，因此也会随着温度的降低而降低，这与热带生态位保守性假说是一致的。系统发育多样性随着海拔的升高而单调降低，但系统发育的分散性随着海拔的升高而呈三相（之字形）模式降低，这与被子植物和多足蕨类植物在同一海拔梯度上发现的三相模式基本一致。温度相关变量与降水相关变量对系统发育多样性和分散性变化的解释大致相同，但年平均气温对变化的解释比年降水量多 9%-15%。气候极端变量与气候季节性变量对系统发育多样性和分散性变异的解释量大致相同。
{"title":"Geographic patterns and climatic drivers of phylogenetic structure of liverworts along a long elevational gradient in the central Himalaya","authors":"Hong Qian","doi":"10.1111/jse.13129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13129","url":null,"abstract":"For clades originating in warm climates, the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis predicts that current biological assemblages in colder or drier climates are expected to have lower phylogenetic diversity, and species in colder or drier climates are expected to be more closely related to each other (i.e., higher phylogenetic clustering). Liverworts are one of the oldest clades of extant land plants. They originated about 500 Ma during a warm (“greenhouse”) period and experienced multiple major cycles of warm and cold periods. Here, I test the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis using liverwort assemblages distributed along an elevational gradient crossing about 5000 m of elevation in the central Himalaya. I found that, in general, phylogenetic diversity and dispersion decrease with increasing elevation and thus with decreasing temperature, which is consistent with the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity decreases with elevation monotonically, but phylogenetic dispersion decreases with elevation in a triphasic (zig‐zag) pattern, which is generally consistent with the triphasic pattern found in angiosperms and polypod ferns along the same elevational gradient. Temperature‐related variables explained approximately the same amount of the variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion as did precipitation‐related variables, although mean annual temperature explained 9%−15% more variation than did annual precipitation. Climate extreme variables explained approximately the same amount of variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion as did climate seasonality variables.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Speciation events often occur with adaptive radiation. The factors that promote these adaptive radiating species diversity patterns have intrigued biologists for more than a century. In the present study, we used the adaptive radiated genus Ligustrum to evaluate the relative contributions of the environment, species interactions, phylogenetic diversity, and diversification rates in generating extant species diversity patterns. Using complete chloroplast genome data, we reconstructed the highly supported and dated backbone phylogenetic relationships of Ligustrum. Biogeographic results indicated that Ligustrum originated in Southwest China during the Oligocene and spread to suitable areas that were warm and humid via 18 dispersal events. For the overlapping ranges of species pairs, a smaller phylogenetic distance was detected in high species overlap than in low species overlap, which is consistent with no significant difference in niche among the different species. We found that the phylogenetic diversity and interspecies competition induced by insignificant niche divergence shaped the global pattern of Ligustrum diversity.
{"title":"Phylogenetic diversity and interspecies competition shaped species diversity in adaptive radiated Ligustrum (Oleaceae)","authors":"Yushuang Wang, Enze Li, Jiahui Sun, Zhixiang Zhang, Wenpan Dong","doi":"10.1111/jse.13117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13117","url":null,"abstract":"Speciation events often occur with adaptive radiation. The factors that promote these adaptive radiating species diversity patterns have intrigued biologists for more than a century. In the present study, we used the adaptive radiated genus <jats:italic>Ligustrum</jats:italic> to evaluate the relative contributions of the environment, species interactions, phylogenetic diversity, and diversification rates in generating extant species diversity patterns. Using complete chloroplast genome data, we reconstructed the highly supported and dated backbone phylogenetic relationships of <jats:italic>Ligustrum</jats:italic>. Biogeographic results indicated that <jats:italic>Ligustrum</jats:italic> originated in Southwest China during the Oligocene and spread to suitable areas that were warm and humid via 18 dispersal events. For the overlapping ranges of species pairs, a smaller phylogenetic distance was detected in high species overlap than in low species overlap, which is consistent with no significant difference in niche among the different species. We found that the phylogenetic diversity and interspecies competition induced by insignificant niche divergence shaped the global pattern of <jats:italic>Ligustrum</jats:italic> diversity.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Criado‐Ruiz, Joan Vallès, Randall J. Bayer, Luis Palazzesi, Jaume Pellicer, Iván Pérez Lorenzo, Olivier Maurin, Elaine Françoso, Shyamali Roy, Ilia J. Leitch, Félix Forest, William J. Baker, Lisa Pokorny, Oriane Hidalgo, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner
The daisy tribe Anthemideae Cass. is one of the largest and most diverse tribes within Asteraceae. We analyzed a data set including 61 out of 111 Anthemideae genera, and all but four of the 19 currently recognized subtribes (Inulantherinae, Lapidophorinae, Lonadinae, and Vogtiinae) using a targeted high‐throughput sequencing approach, the first focused on the tribe. We followed different phylogenomic approaches, using nuclear and plastid data, as well as additional analytical methods to estimate divergence times and diversification rates, to unravel the evolutionary history and classification of this tribe. Our results reinforce the phylogenetic backbone of the Anthemideae advanced in previous studies and further reveal the possible occurrence of ancient hybridization events, plastid capture, and/or incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), suggesting that complex evolutionary processes have played an important role in the evolution of this tribe. The results also support the merging of subtribe Physmasperminae into Athanasiinae and subtribe Matricariinae into Anthemidinae and clarify previously unresolved relationships. Furthermore, the study provides additional insights into the biogeographic patterns within the tribe by identifying three main groups: the Southern African Grade, the Asian Clade, and the circum‐Mediterranean Clade. These groups partially coincide with previously identified ones. Overall, this research provides a more detailed understanding of the Anthemideae tribe and improves its classification. The study also emphasizes the importance of phylogenomic approaches for deciphering the evolutionary dynamics of large and diverse plant lineages.
{"title":"A phylogenomic approach to disentangling the evolution of the large and diverse daisy tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae)","authors":"David Criado‐Ruiz, Joan Vallès, Randall J. Bayer, Luis Palazzesi, Jaume Pellicer, Iván Pérez Lorenzo, Olivier Maurin, Elaine Françoso, Shyamali Roy, Ilia J. Leitch, Félix Forest, William J. Baker, Lisa Pokorny, Oriane Hidalgo, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner","doi":"10.1111/jse.13118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13118","url":null,"abstract":"The daisy tribe Anthemideae Cass. is one of the largest and most diverse tribes within Asteraceae. We analyzed a data set including 61 out of 111 Anthemideae genera, and all but four of the 19 currently recognized subtribes (Inulantherinae, Lapidophorinae, Lonadinae, and Vogtiinae) using a targeted high‐throughput sequencing approach, the first focused on the tribe. We followed different phylogenomic approaches, using nuclear and plastid data, as well as additional analytical methods to estimate divergence times and diversification rates, to unravel the evolutionary history and classification of this tribe. Our results reinforce the phylogenetic backbone of the Anthemideae advanced in previous studies and further reveal the possible occurrence of ancient hybridization events, plastid capture, and/or incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), suggesting that complex evolutionary processes have played an important role in the evolution of this tribe. The results also support the merging of subtribe Physmasperminae into Athanasiinae and subtribe Matricariinae into Anthemidinae and clarify previously unresolved relationships. Furthermore, the study provides additional insights into the biogeographic patterns within the tribe by identifying three main groups: the Southern African Grade, the Asian Clade, and the circum‐Mediterranean Clade. These groups partially coincide with previously identified ones. Overall, this research provides a more detailed understanding of the Anthemideae tribe and improves its classification. The study also emphasizes the importance of phylogenomic approaches for deciphering the evolutionary dynamics of large and diverse plant lineages.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee‐Ping Ang, Fabian Brambach, Salvatore Tomasello, Jun Wen, Marc S. Appelhans
Tetradium, a genus within Rutaceae, comprises nine species found in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, distinguished by their opposite pinnate leaves and apocarpous or subapocarpous gynoecium with follicular fruits. While Hartley's 1981 monograph provided foundational insights, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus is lacking. Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), this study aims to (i) establish an NGS molecular data set for Tetradium, (ii) elucidate interspecific relationships via the hybrid capture method and (iii) investigate the taxonomic status of Euodia meliifolia var. celebica. Our data set comprised 28 samples across nine species, sequenced using Illumina Miseq and Hiseq 4000 platforms, with downstream analyses conducted using the HybPhyloMaker pipeline and ASTRAL. Our findings revealed five main groups supported by both molecular and morphological data, highlighting changes in ovule number and seed functionality. Notably, the hybrid capture method proved invaluable for studying old herbarium specimens. Finally, taxonomic revisions were proposed, including the reclassification of E. meliifolia var. celebica as Tetradium celebicum, the fossil Euodia costata as Tetradium costatum, and the fossil Euodia lignata as Tetradium lignatum. An updated description for T. celebicum, supplemented by a specific identification key, is provided.
{"title":"Hybrid capture resolves the phylogeny of Tetradium (Rutaceae) and supports the inclusion of a species from Sulawesi","authors":"Lee‐Ping Ang, Fabian Brambach, Salvatore Tomasello, Jun Wen, Marc S. Appelhans","doi":"10.1111/jse.13127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13127","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Tetradium</jats:italic>, a genus within Rutaceae, comprises nine species found in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, distinguished by their opposite pinnate leaves and apocarpous or subapocarpous gynoecium with follicular fruits. While Hartley's 1981 monograph provided foundational insights, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus is lacking. Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), this study aims to (i) establish an NGS molecular data set for <jats:italic>Tetradium</jats:italic>, (ii) elucidate interspecific relationships via the hybrid capture method and (iii) investigate the taxonomic status of <jats:italic>Euodia meliifolia</jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>celebica</jats:italic>. Our data set comprised 28 samples across nine species, sequenced using Illumina Miseq and Hiseq 4000 platforms, with downstream analyses conducted using the HybPhyloMaker pipeline and ASTRAL. Our findings revealed five main groups supported by both molecular and morphological data, highlighting changes in ovule number and seed functionality. Notably, the hybrid capture method proved invaluable for studying old herbarium specimens. Finally, taxonomic revisions were proposed, including the reclassification of <jats:italic>E. meliifolia</jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>celebica</jats:italic> as <jats:italic>Tetradium celebicum</jats:italic>, the fossil <jats:italic>Euodia costata</jats:italic> as <jats:italic>Tetradium costatum,</jats:italic> and the fossil <jats:italic>Euodia lignata</jats:italic> as <jats:italic>Tetradium lignatum</jats:italic>. An updated description for <jats:italic>T. celebicum</jats:italic>, supplemented by a specific identification key, is provided.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Xie, Tian‐Xiang Chen, Hong Du, Hui Wu, Jin‐Hua Ran
Assessing sampling biases caused by nonrandom specimen collecting is crucial in systematics, biogeography, and conservation. Nevertheless, research on the collecting biases of vascular plants in China remains limited. Here, we investigated the collecting status of gymnosperms in China using 48 673 herbarium specimens representing 180 Chinese gymnosperm species. The spatial and temporal patterns, collector and determiner biases, and phylogenetic and taxon biases were studied to comprehend the collecting bias of gymnosperms in China during 1900–2021. Meanwhile, we assessed the inventory completeness of gymnosperms to identify collecting hotspots and coldspots. The results showed that gymnosperms predominantly inhabit mountainous areas in China. The historical collecting of gymnosperms in China can be divided into two distinct stages with four peaks of collecting activities. The distribution of collected or identified specimens per individual displays significant skewness, and the collecting of gymnosperms has the issues of overcollecting or undersampling. Inventory completeness remains deficient, and collecting intensity is weak in both northern China and the range of 22°–25° N in the southern region (i.e., central Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and eastern Guangdong). Additionally, observation of the spatial distribution reveals both hotspots and coldspots scattered across mountain regions, lacking clustering. This study revealed a highly polarized collecting pattern for gymnosperms in China. Consequently, we recommend optimizing collecting measures, targeted specimen collecting, and continuous dynamic monitoring of gymnosperms in future collecting efforts. These recommendations hold relevance not only for gymnosperms in China but also for other land plants worldwide.
{"title":"Gymnosperm collecting in China: Past, present, and future","authors":"Dan Xie, Tian‐Xiang Chen, Hong Du, Hui Wu, Jin‐Hua Ran","doi":"10.1111/jse.13122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13122","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing sampling biases caused by nonrandom specimen collecting is crucial in systematics, biogeography, and conservation. Nevertheless, research on the collecting biases of vascular plants in China remains limited. Here, we investigated the collecting status of gymnosperms in China using 48 673 herbarium specimens representing 180 Chinese gymnosperm species. The spatial and temporal patterns, collector and determiner biases, and phylogenetic and taxon biases were studied to comprehend the collecting bias of gymnosperms in China during 1900–2021. Meanwhile, we assessed the inventory completeness of gymnosperms to identify collecting hotspots and coldspots. The results showed that gymnosperms predominantly inhabit mountainous areas in China. The historical collecting of gymnosperms in China can be divided into two distinct stages with four peaks of collecting activities. The distribution of collected or identified specimens per individual displays significant skewness, and the collecting of gymnosperms has the issues of overcollecting or undersampling. Inventory completeness remains deficient, and collecting intensity is weak in both northern China and the range of 22°–25° N in the southern region (i.e., central Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and eastern Guangdong). Additionally, observation of the spatial distribution reveals both hotspots and coldspots scattered across mountain regions, lacking clustering. This study revealed a highly polarized collecting pattern for gymnosperms in China. Consequently, we recommend optimizing collecting measures, targeted specimen collecting, and continuous dynamic monitoring of gymnosperms in future collecting efforts. These recommendations hold relevance not only for gymnosperms in China but also for other land plants worldwide.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Liu, Xin‐Lai Wu, Ruo‐Bing Zhang, Jin Wang, Qi‐Sen Yang, Ji‐Long Cheng, Zhi‐Xin Wen, Lin Xia, Alexei V. Abramov, De‐Yan Ge
The wild rats in the genus Rattus represent a group of murids characterized by rapid lineage diversification but limited morphological variation. Within this genus, there are several commensal species with high invasive capacity, such as Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, which pose a global threat. Investigating the mechanisms behind their adaptive evolution is of utmost importance. In this study, we conducted morphological study and whole‐genome sequencing on Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions to gain insights into morphological differentiation, as well as genomic divergence and gene flow using assembled mitochondrion genome and high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite their morphological similarity and large overlap in morphospace, our analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation at the genomic level among Rattus species in China and adjacent regions. Specifically, intraspecific differentiation was observed in R. nitidus, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi, which may be related to habitat heterogeneity and geographic isolation. We hypothesize that as invasive rats expand their habitat, the diversification of ecological environments might lead to more environmentally adapted evolution and accelerated genetic differentiation. Furthermore, Dsuite and TreeMix analyses detected substantial introgression among different Rattus species, particularly evident between R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi. Strong gene flow signals suggest frequent hybridization events among these species, which may facilitate the acquisition of new environmental adaptability during their expansion into new territories. This study provides a preliminary analysis that serves as a foundation for a more comprehensive investigation into the rapid lineage diversification and adaptive introgression among Rattus species.
野鼠属（Rattus）是鼠类的一个族群，其特点是品系多样化迅速，但形态变异有限。在该属中，有几种共生物种具有很强的入侵能力，如对全球构成威胁的野鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和鼠（Rattus rattus）。研究它们适应性进化背后的机制至关重要。本研究对分布于中国及其邻近地区的鼠类物种进行了形态学研究和全基因组测序，利用组装的线粒体基因组和高质量的单核苷酸多态性，深入了解了它们的形态分化、基因组分化和基因流。尽管形态相似且形态空间有很大重叠，但我们的分析表明，在基因组水平上，中国及邻近地区的鼠类存在显著的遗传分化。具体而言，我们观察到在R. nitidus、R. norvegicus和R. tanezumi中出现了种内分化，这可能与栖息地的异质性和地理隔离有关。我们假设，随着入侵鼠栖息地的扩大，生态环境的多样化可能会导致更适应环境的进化和加速基因分化。此外，Dsuite 和 TreeMix 分析还检测到不同鼠种之间存在大量的引种，特别是在 R. norvegicus 和 R. tanezumi 之间。强烈的基因流信号表明，这些物种之间经常发生杂交，这可能有助于它们在向新领地扩张的过程中获得新的环境适应能力。这项研究提供了一个初步分析，为更全面地研究Rattus物种间的快速品系分化和适应性引种奠定了基础。
{"title":"Genomic differentiation and gene flow among Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions","authors":"Ning Liu, Xin‐Lai Wu, Ruo‐Bing Zhang, Jin Wang, Qi‐Sen Yang, Ji‐Long Cheng, Zhi‐Xin Wen, Lin Xia, Alexei V. Abramov, De‐Yan Ge","doi":"10.1111/jse.13123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13123","url":null,"abstract":"The wild rats in the genus <jats:italic>Rattus</jats:italic> represent a group of murids characterized by rapid lineage diversification but limited morphological variation. Within this genus, there are several commensal species with high invasive capacity, such as <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. rattus</jats:italic>, which pose a global threat. Investigating the mechanisms behind their adaptive evolution is of utmost importance. In this study, we conducted morphological study and whole‐genome sequencing on <jats:italic>Rattus</jats:italic> species distributed in China and adjacent regions to gain insights into morphological differentiation, as well as genomic divergence and gene flow using assembled mitochondrion genome and high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite their morphological similarity and large overlap in morphospace, our analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation at the genomic level among <jats:italic>Rattus</jats:italic> species in China and adjacent regions. Specifically, intraspecific differentiation was observed in <jats:italic>R. nitidus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R. norvegicus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>R. tanezumi</jats:italic>, which may be related to habitat heterogeneity and geographic isolation. We hypothesize that as invasive rats expand their habitat, the diversification of ecological environments might lead to more environmentally adapted evolution and accelerated genetic differentiation. Furthermore, Dsuite and TreeMix analyses detected substantial introgression among different <jats:italic>Rattus</jats:italic> species, particularly evident between <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>norvegicus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tanezumi</jats:italic>. Strong gene flow signals suggest frequent hybridization events among these species, which may facilitate the acquisition of new environmental adaptability during their expansion into new territories. This study provides a preliminary analysis that serves as a foundation for a more comprehensive investigation into the rapid lineage diversification and adaptive introgression among <jats:italic>Rattus</jats:italic> species.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Dong, Xiuxiu Zhu, Zechen Tang, Wenbo Yi, Huaijun Xue, Zhen Ye, Chenguang Zheng, Wenjun Bu
A full understanding of local adaptation at the genomic level will help to elucidate its role in the differentiation between closely related species. This study focused on rice seed bugs sister species (Leptocorisa chinensis and Leptocorisa oratoria), which are native to East Asia and are notorious pests targeting growing rice spikelets. East Asia is a region where diverse geology and fluctuating climate are known to have profound impacts on organisms. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing and geographic distribution information were used to investigate phylogeography and assess the environmental contribution to genetic variation. We found clear genetic differentiation between sister species, but a lack of genetic structure within species because of their long‐distance dispersal ability. The demographic model involved a scenario in which divergence in isolation (~0.6 Ma) was followed by secondary contact (~7 kya). The initial divergence may have been caused by the intensification of the East Asian monsoon during the Pleistocene climate oscillation. The historical demography indicated that the effective population size (Ne) showed an evident increase from 9 to 7 kya, which may be related to rice domestication and extensive human cultivation during the Holocene. We also detected a significant correlation between genetic and environmental distance, and the niche difference occupied between them. Temperature‐related variables were ranked as the main factors for the difference, and 410 selective SNPs involved in adaptation were identified. The Nanling Mountains in southern China serve as a geographical boundary between them and act as an ecological barrier belt that promotes local environmental adaptation. Our study demonstrates that historical climate change and local adaptation by climate‐imposed selection shape the phylogeographical patterns of sister species.
{"title":"Phylogeography and local environmental adaptation in the differentiation of Leptocorisa sister species in East Asia","authors":"Xue Dong, Xiuxiu Zhu, Zechen Tang, Wenbo Yi, Huaijun Xue, Zhen Ye, Chenguang Zheng, Wenjun Bu","doi":"10.1111/jse.13120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13120","url":null,"abstract":"A full understanding of local adaptation at the genomic level will help to elucidate its role in the differentiation between closely related species. This study focused on rice seed bugs sister species (<jats:italic>Leptocorisa chinensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Leptocorisa oratoria</jats:italic>), which are native to East Asia and are notorious pests targeting growing rice spikelets. East Asia is a region where diverse geology and fluctuating climate are known to have profound impacts on organisms. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing and geographic distribution information were used to investigate phylogeography and assess the environmental contribution to genetic variation. We found clear genetic differentiation between sister species, but a lack of genetic structure within species because of their long‐distance dispersal ability. The demographic model involved a scenario in which divergence in isolation (~0.6 Ma) was followed by secondary contact (~7 kya). The initial divergence may have been caused by the intensification of the East Asian monsoon during the Pleistocene climate oscillation. The historical demography indicated that the effective population size (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic><jats:sub>e</jats:sub>) showed an evident increase from 9 to 7 kya, which may be related to rice domestication and extensive human cultivation during the Holocene. We also detected a significant correlation between genetic and environmental distance, and the niche difference occupied between them. Temperature‐related variables were ranked as the main factors for the difference, and 410 selective SNPs involved in adaptation were identified. The Nanling Mountains in southern China serve as a geographical boundary between them and act as an ecological barrier belt that promotes local environmental adaptation. Our study demonstrates that historical climate change and local adaptation by climate‐imposed selection shape the phylogeographical patterns of sister species.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on several earwigfly specimens with well‐preserved mouthparts of Meropeidae from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber, a detailed, initial analysis was conducted of the structure of Mesozoic meropeids. Compared to the singularly flattened mandible of modern meropeids, the new specimens reveal that Mesozoic representatives had two distinct types of mandibles: blade‐shaped and scoop‐shaped. Current fossil evidence indicates that during the Mesozoic Era, Meropeidae displayed sexual dimorphism that was reflected in the structure of their mandibles. This structural difference may indicate that about 99 million years ago, meropeids had a more complex diet than extant confamilial taxa. Phylogenetic results suggest that Torvimerope gen. nov., along with Burmomerope, two extinct genera, form a clade and that are the sister taxon to crown‐group Meropeidae. The new material offers new possibilities for inferring the feeding habits and mating behavior of early Meropeidae.
{"title":"Evolution and mandibular sexual dimorphism in mid‐Cretaceous scorpionflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Meropeidae)","authors":"Yanjie Zhang, Conrad C. Labandeira, Jiamiao Yu, Chungkun Shih, Dong Ren, Taiping Gao","doi":"10.1111/jse.13121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13121","url":null,"abstract":"Based on several earwigfly specimens with well‐preserved mouthparts of Meropeidae from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber, a detailed, initial analysis was conducted of the structure of Mesozoic meropeids. Compared to the singularly flattened mandible of modern meropeids, the new specimens reveal that Mesozoic representatives had two distinct types of mandibles: blade‐shaped and scoop‐shaped. Current fossil evidence indicates that during the Mesozoic Era, Meropeidae displayed sexual dimorphism that was reflected in the structure of their mandibles. This structural difference may indicate that about 99 million years ago, meropeids had a more complex diet than extant confamilial taxa. Phylogenetic results suggest that <jats:italic>Torvimerope</jats:italic> gen. nov., along with <jats:italic>Burmomerope</jats:italic>, two extinct genera, form a clade and that are the sister taxon to crown‐group Meropeidae. The new material offers new possibilities for inferring the feeding habits and mating behavior of early Meropeidae.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon E. Gutiérrez–Rodríguez, Wesley Dáttilo, Fabricio Villalobos, Victoria Sosa
Ecological interactions and evolutionary processes in areas of endemism remain little studied despite the fact that identifying the patterns of functional signatures in areas of endemism could reveal important information regarding community assembly and functioning. Here, we investigated whether areas of endemism of the orchids of Megamexico are hotspots of biotic interactions by comparing the orchid–pollinator interactions with those of adjacent areas. Patterns of functional signatures and phylogenetic signal were estimated, using pollination syndromes as a proxy for functional attributes. Phylogenetic signal was estimated by coding pollinator groups for every orchid recorded. Metrics of the interaction networks and the phylogenetic signal were compared with those obtained from adjacent areas. Our results indicate that areas of endemism show higher significant differences in the phylogenetic signal compared with adjacent areas. This can be explained by the many distantly related orchid lineages sharing attributes related to pollination. Network size and robustness differed statistically between the areas of endemism and the adjacent areas. The same configuration of modules in interaction networks was found in the areas of endemism; however, remarkably, the composition of species in large genera differed in these areas. Areas of endemism harbor more orchid lineages that closely interact with many groups of insects. The southerly areas of endemism in Chiapas and Central America are prominent, with the most significant phylogenetic signal and networks metrics. Results indicate that areas of endemism for the orchids of Megamexico represent hotspots of biotic interactions. Strategies for conservation must take this biotic interaction into account.
{"title":"Areas of endemism of the orchids of Megamexico: Hotspots of biotic interactions with pollinators","authors":"Brandon E. Gutiérrez–Rodríguez, Wesley Dáttilo, Fabricio Villalobos, Victoria Sosa","doi":"10.1111/jse.13119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13119","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological interactions and evolutionary processes in areas of endemism remain little studied despite the fact that identifying the patterns of functional signatures in areas of endemism could reveal important information regarding community assembly and functioning. Here, we investigated whether areas of endemism of the orchids of Megamexico are hotspots of biotic interactions by comparing the orchid–pollinator interactions with those of adjacent areas. Patterns of functional signatures and phylogenetic signal were estimated, using pollination syndromes as a proxy for functional attributes. Phylogenetic signal was estimated by coding pollinator groups for every orchid recorded. Metrics of the interaction networks and the phylogenetic signal were compared with those obtained from adjacent areas. Our results indicate that areas of endemism show higher significant differences in the phylogenetic signal compared with adjacent areas. This can be explained by the many distantly related orchid lineages sharing attributes related to pollination. Network size and robustness differed statistically between the areas of endemism and the adjacent areas. The same configuration of modules in interaction networks was found in the areas of endemism; however, remarkably, the composition of species in large genera differed in these areas. Areas of endemism harbor more orchid lineages that closely interact with many groups of insects. The southerly areas of endemism in Chiapas and Central America are prominent, with the most significant phylogenetic signal and networks metrics. Results indicate that areas of endemism for the orchids of Megamexico represent hotspots of biotic interactions. Strategies for conservation must take this biotic interaction into account.","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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