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The origin and dispersal of Firmiana danxiaensis among isolated specific landscapes Firmiana danxiaensis 在孤立的特定景观中的起源和扩散
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12954
Su-Fang Chen, Wan-Yi Zhao, Yan-Shuang Huang, Kai-Kai Meng, Kang-You Huang, Rong-Feng Hou, Xiao-Ying Luo, Zai-Xiong Chen, Yuan-Qiu Li, Ren-Chao Zhou, Wen-Bo Liao, Qiang Fan

China has the most numerous Danxia and Karst landscapes, which serve as special terrestrial islands harboring ample endemic species, though how did these endemic species spread among those isolated sites is still an unresolved issue. To address this question, we explored the phylogeographical structure and demographic history of Firmiana danxiaensis, a tree species endemic to Danxia and Karst landscapes. We collected 295 samples (28 populations) of F. danxiaensis. Plastid genomes were assembled for 25 representative samples. Sanger sequencing of four plastid regions and restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing were performed on the 28 populations. The phylogenetic tree constructed from plastid genomes and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) data supported that F. danxiaensis originated from Mount Danxia and Nanxiong Basin, spread to Karst landscapes near Yingde City, and then back to Danxia Mountain and the Nanxiong Basin. In the Nanxiong Basin, the latter arrivals captured the plastid of the former. Population analyses revealed strong population structure among and within Danxia and Karst landscapes, possibly due to low seed and pollen dispersal abilities of the species. The demographic and ecological niche modeling approaches suggested that F. danxiaensis have widely occurred in the southeast of China during the last glacial period, and later retreated to the cliffs of Danxia and Karst landscapes due to temperature rising and competition failure. The declining of the effective population size of the species throughout the postglacial period suggested that global warming, agriculture, and industrial civilizations could have affected the survival of this species, and more measures should be taken to conserve these species.

中国拥有数量最多的丹霞地貌和喀斯特地貌,这些特殊的陆地岛屿蕴藏着大量的特有物种,但这些特有物种是如何在这些与世隔绝的地点中传播的仍是一个悬而未决的问题。为了解决这个问题,我们研究了丹霞地貌和喀斯特地貌特有树种 Firmiana danxiaensis 的系统地理结构和人口历史。我们采集了 295 个丹霞杉样本(28 个种群)。对 25 个代表性样本进行了质粒基因组组装。对 28 个种群的四个质体区域进行了 Sanger 测序,并对限制性位点相关 DNA 进行了测序。根据质粒基因组和限制性位点相关DNA测序(RAD-seq)数据构建的系统发生树证明,丹霞蛙起源于丹霞山和南雄盆地,扩散到英德市附近的喀斯特地貌,然后又回到丹霞山和南雄盆地。在南雄盆地,后者捕获了前者的质体。种群分析表明,在丹霞地貌和喀斯特地貌之间及内部存在较强的种群结构,这可能与该物种种子和花粉传播能力较低有关。人口学和生态位建模方法表明,丹霞草在上一个冰川期广泛分布于我国东南部,后因温度升高和竞争失效而退缩到丹霞地貌和喀斯特地貌的悬崖峭壁上。后冰川时期该物种有效种群数量的下降表明,全球变暖、农业和工业文明可能影响了该物种的生存,应采取更多措施保护这些物种。
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引用次数: 0
Functional significance of asymmetrical retention of parental alleles in a hybrid pine species complex 杂交松树种群中亲本等位基因非对称保留的功能意义
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12953
Chang Qu, Hong-Na Kao, Hui Xu, Bao-Sheng Wang, Zhi-Ling Yang, Qi Yang, Gui-Feng Liu, Xiao-Ru Wang, Yan-Jing Liu, Qing-Yin Zeng

Hybrid genomes usually harbor asymmetrical parental contributions. However, it is challenging to infer the functional significance of asymmetrical retention of parental alleles in hybrid populations of conifer trees. Here we investigated the diversity in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in a hybrid pine Pinus densata and its parents (Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus yunnanensis). Plant GSTs play major roles in protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 19 orthologous groups of GST genes were identified and cloned from these three species. We examined their expression in different tissues, and then purified the corresponding proteins to characterize their enzymatic activities and specificities toward different substrates. We found that among the 19 GST orthologous groups, divergence in gene expression and in enzymatic activities toward different substrates was prevalent. P. densata preferentially retained P. yunnanensis-like GSTs for 17 out of the 19 gene loci. We determined the first GST crystal structure from conifer species at a resolution of 2.19 Å. Based on this structure, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to replace amino acid residuals in different wild-types of GSTs to understand their functional impacts. Reciprocal replacement of amino acid residuals in native GSTs of P. densata and P. tabuliformis demonstrated significant changes in enzyme functions and identified key sites controlling GSTs activities. This study illustrates an approach to evaluating the functional significance of sequence variations in conifer genomes. Our study also sheds light on plausible mechanisms for controlling the selective retention of parental alleles in the P. densata genome.

杂交基因组通常含有不对称的亲本贡献。然而,要推断针叶树杂交种群中亲本等位基因的非对称保留的功能意义却很困难。在这里,我们研究了杂交松树 Pinus densata 及其亲本(Pinus tabuliformis 和 Pinus yunnanensis)中谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)基因家族的多样性。植物 GST 在保护植物免受生物和非生物胁迫方面发挥着重要作用。本研究从这三个物种中鉴定并克隆了 19 个直向同源的 GST 基因组。我们检测了它们在不同组织中的表达,然后纯化了相应的蛋白质,以鉴定它们的酶活性和对不同底物的特异性。我们发现,在 19 个 GST 同源群中,基因表达和对不同底物的酶活性普遍存在差异。在 19 个基因位点中,P. densata 有 17 个基因位点优先保留了类似云南虫草的 GST。我们首次测定了针叶树种的 GST 晶体结构,分辨率为 2.19 Å。在此结构基础上,我们进行了定点突变,替换了不同野生型 GSTs 中的残余氨基酸,以了解它们对功能的影响。在 P. densata 和 P. tabuliformis 的原生 GSTs 中,氨基酸残基的互补替换显示了酶功能的显著变化,并确定了控制 GSTs 活性的关键位点。这项研究为评估针叶树基因组序列变异的功能意义提供了一种方法。我们的研究还揭示了控制 P. densata 基因组中亲本等位基因选择性保留的合理机制。
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引用次数: 0
Exceptionally well-preserved seed cones of a new fossil species of hemlock, Tsuga weichangensis sp. nov. (Pinaceae), from the Lower Miocene of Hebei Province, North China 华北河北省下中新世的铁杉新化石物种--Tsuga weichangensis sp.
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12952
Ya Li, Carole T. Gee, Zhen-Zhen Tan, Yan-Bin Zhu, Tie-Mei Yi, Cheng-Sen Li

Tsuga (hemlock) is a small genus of 10 extant species in the Pinaceae, with a disjunct distribution in East Asia and eastern and western North America. Reliable species-level identification of Tsuga fossils depends on the discovery of seed cones with intact bracts, but such cones are rare in the fossil record. Here we describe a new fossil species of hemlock as T. weichangensis sp. nov. based on exquisitely preserved seed cones with nearly complete bracts from the Lower Miocene of Weichang, Hebei Province, North China. This fossil species displays a mosaic of characters between Tsuga and Nothotsuga. The well-developed and slightly exserted bract scales of T. weichangensis are reminiscent of Nothotsuga, but other characters, such as nonleaved peduncles and tongue-shaped bract scales, in addition to monosaccate pollen found at the same fossil locality, suggest an affinity closer to Tsuga. Cladistic analysis based on 15 morphological characters and a molecular backbone constraint supports the assignment of these fossil cones to Tsuga rather than Nothotsuga, and places the fossil species of T. weichangensis in an unresolved polytomy within the genus Tsuga. The occurrence of Tsuga seed cone fossils indicate the paleoclimate in the Miocene of Weichang was warmer and more humid than today's climate, which is consistent with the paleoclimate reconstructed by paleopalynology.

铁杉(Tsuga)是松科的一个小属,现存 10 个种,分布于东亚、北美东部和西部。对铁杉化石进行可靠的种级鉴定取决于能否发现具有完整苞片的球果,但这种球果在化石记录中很少见。在这里,我们根据华北河北围场下中新世保存完好、苞片几乎完整的球果,描述了铁杉的一个新化石物种--围场铁杉(T. weichangensis sp.该化石物种的特征介于 Tsuga 和 Nothotsuga 之间。魏昌T. 发达且略微外露的苞片让人联想到野葛,但其他特征,如非叶状的花序梗和舌状的苞片,以及在同一化石地点发现的单囊花粉,则表明其亲缘关系更接近于Tsuga。基于 15 个形态特征和一个分子骨架约束的支系分析支持将这些锥果化石归入津贺属而非 Nothotsuga 属,并将魏昌氏 T. 的化石种归入津贺属中一个尚未解决的多分枝结构中。Tsuga锥果化石的出现表明,围场中新世的古气候比现在温暖湿润,这与古风韵学重建的古气候一致。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity, taxonomy, and history of the tropical fern genus Didymoglossum Desv. (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) in Africa 非洲热带蕨类植物 Didymoglossum Desv.属(石蒜科,Polypodiidae)的多样性、分类和历史
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12951
Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Adèle Nivart, Ehoarn Bidault, Vincent Deblauwe, Vincent Droissart, Narcisse G. Kamdem, Germinal Rouhan, Atsushi Ebihara, Timothée le Péchon

The fern genus Didymoglossum (Hymenophyllaceae) is not so diverse in Africa with seven species at most. However, its local taxonomy is surprisingly still strongly debated, in particular within the Didymoglossum erosum complex interpreted either as a single polymorphic species or as a group of at least three distinct but morphologically very close taxa (D. erosum, Didymoglossum chamaedrys, and Didymoglossum benlii). Investigating these taxonomic issues and more generally the diversity of the genus in Africa and its origin, we conducted a complete anatomo–morphological analysis coupled with a molecular phylogenetic work based on rbcL. Our results support the recognition of all seven species, including Didymoglossum robinsonii that is likely distinct from the Neotropical Didymoglossum reptans to which the African populations were traditionally attributed. We here propose new characters and a novel key to distinguish the seven African species which also include Didymoglossum ballardianum, Didymoglossum lenormandii, and Didymoglossum liberiense. Once the taxonomy is clarified with respect to the distinct evolutionary lineages evidenced, the biogeographic history of the genus in Africa is discussed based on a divergence time estimation and the reconstruction of the ancestral geographic areas. These analyses reveal a Mesozoic (Cretaceous) vicariance event within Didymoglossum which is the second one hypothesized for the family Hymenophyllaceae.

蕨类植物Didymoglossum属(蕨类植物科)在非洲的种类并不多,最多只有7种。然而,令人惊讶的是,该属在当地的分类学仍存在很大争议,特别是在Didymoglossum erosum复合体中,要么被解释为一个单一的多态种,要么被解释为至少由三个不同但形态非常接近的类群(D. erosum、Didymoglossum chamaedrys和Didymoglossum benlii)组成的一个类群。为了研究这些分类问题,以及更广泛地研究该属在非洲的多样性及其起源,我们进行了完整的解剖形态学分析,并基于 rbcL 进行了分子系统学研究。我们的研究结果支持对所有 7 个物种的确认,其中包括罗宾逊蝶(Didymoglossum robinsonii),它很可能有别于传统上认为非洲种群属于的新热带蝶形花属(Didymoglossum reptans)。我们在此提出了新的特征和新的关键来区分这七个非洲种,其中还包括Didymoglossum ballardianum、Didymoglossum lenormandii和Didymoglossum liberiense。在明确了与所证实的不同进化世系有关的分类学之后,根据对分化时间的估计和对祖先地理区域的重建,讨论了该属在非洲的生物地理历史。这些分析揭示了中生代(白垩纪)Didymoglossum的沧海变迁事件,这也是门叶植物科的第二次变迁事件。
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引用次数: 0
Species boundaries and conservation implications of Cinnamomum japonicum, an endangered plant in China 中国濒危植物肉桂的物种界限和保护意义
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12950
Han-Yang Lin, Yue Yang, Wen-Hao Li, Yu-Xin Luo, Xiao-Hua Bai, Tetsuo Ohi-Toma, Changkyun Kim, Joo-Hwan Kim, Yun-Peng Zhao

Clear species boundaries are crucial for plans and actions on biodiversity conservation. However, morphological similarities among allied species can result in taxonomic difficulties, thus impeding conservation efforts. In China, Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold is a well-known endangered plant, yet suffers from longstanding taxonomic issues. Here, we explicitly evaluate whether C. japonicum, C. chenii, and C. chekiangense are the same phylogenetic species on the basis of a multi-individual sampling strategy. We identified three sets of low-copy orthologous genes from 19 Lauraceae taxa for phylogenetic inferences. Both the concatenation and coalescent-based phylogenies supported that C. chenii individuals were embedded in the C. japonicum clade, indicating these two taxa are conspecific. Meanwhile, C. chekiangense accessions formed a monophyly which was not sister to C. japonicum. This result, together with the morphological differences that the leaves of C. japonicum are glabrous with a faveolate pattern of venation while those of C. chekiangense have trichomes and inevident lateral veins, led us to consider both as two distinct species. Based on 17 728 neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the ADMIXTURE analysis suggested that the Chinese C. japonicum populations in Zhoushan Archipelago (=C. chenii) were genetically differentiated from the Japanese and Korean ones. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling predicted that the present distribution area of Chinese C. japonicum is likely to be unsuitable under global warming scenarios. Together with its limited distribution and genetic uniqueness, we recommend that Chinese C. japonicum deserves conservation priorities.

明确的物种界限对于生物多样性保护计划和行动至关重要。然而,相近物种之间的形态相似性可能会导致分类困难,从而阻碍保护工作。在中国,日本肉桂(Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold)是一种著名的濒危植物,但长期以来一直存在分类问题。在此,我们基于多个体取样策略,明确评估了日本肉桂(C. japonicum)、中国肉桂(C. chenii)和浙江肉桂(C. chekiangense)是否为同一系统发育物种。我们从 19 个月桂科类群中发现了三组低拷贝同源基因,用于系统发育推断。基于并列和聚合的系统发生都支持 C. chenii 个体嵌入 C. japonicum 支系,表明这两个类群是同种。与此同时,C. chekiangense(芹菜)个体形成了一个单系,与 C. japonicum(日本芹菜)不是姊妹系。这一结果,加上日本鸦胆子(C. japonicum)的叶片无毛,叶脉呈扇形,而浙江鸦胆子(C. chekiangense)的叶片有毛状体和不可避免的侧脉,这些形态上的差异导致我们将两者视为两个不同的种。基于 17 728 个中性单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),ADMIXTURE 分析表明,舟山群岛的中国日本竹荪种群(=C. chenii)与日本和韩国竹荪种群存在遗传分化。此外,生态位模型预测,在全球变暖的情况下,中国日本鸦胆子目前的分布区很可能不适合生长。考虑到其有限的分布和遗传的独特性,我们建议对中国日本鸦胆子进行重点保护。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeography and introgression between Pinus kesiya and Pinus yunnanensis in Southeast Asia 东南亚黑松和云南松之间的系统地理学和引种关系
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12949
Jie Gao, Kyle W. Tomlinson, Wei Zhao, Baosheng Wang, Ralph Sedricke Lapuz, Jing-Xin Liu, Bonifacio O. Pasion, Bach T. Hai, Souvick Chanthayod, Jin Chen, Xiao-Ru Wang

Southeast Asia (SEA) has seen strong climatic oscillations and fluctuations in sea levels during the Quaternary. The impact of past climate changes on the evolution and distribution of local flora in SEA is still poorly understood. Here we aim to infer how the Quaternary climate change affects the evolutionary process and range shifts in two pine species. We investigated the population genetic structure and diversity using cytoplasmic DNA markers, and performed ecological niche modeling to reconstruct the species past distribution and to project range shift under future climates. We found substantial gene flow across the continuous distribution of the subtropical Pinus yunnanensis. In contrast, the tropical Pinus kesiya showed a strong population structure in accordance with its disjunct distribution across montane islands in Indochina and the Philippines. A broad hybrid zone of the two species occurs in southern Yunnan. Asymmetric introgression from the two species was detected in this zone with dominant mitochondrial gene flow from P. yunnanensis and chloroplast gene flow from P. kesiya. The observed population structure suggests a typical postglaciation expansion in P. yunnanensis, and a glacial expansion and interglacial contraction in P. kesiya. Ecological niche modeling supports the inferred demographic history and predicts a decrease in range size for P. kesiya under future climates. Our results suggest that tropical pine species in SEA have undergone evolutionary trajectories different from high latitude species related to their Quaternary climate histories. We also illustrate the need for urgent conservation actions in this fragmented landscape.

东南亚(SEA)在第四纪期间经历了强烈的气候振荡和海平面波动。过去的气候变化对东南亚当地植物区系的演化和分布的影响仍然知之甚少。在此,我们旨在推断第四纪气候变化如何影响两个松树物种的进化过程和分布范围的变化。我们利用细胞质DNA标记研究了种群的遗传结构和多样性,并进行了生态位建模,以重建物种过去的分布和预测未来气候下的分布区转移。我们发现,亚热带云南红松在连续分布中存在大量基因流动。与此相反,热带红松(Pinus kesiya)在印度支那和菲律宾的山地岛屿上分布不均,表现出较强的种群结构。这两个物种在云南南部有一个广泛的杂交区。在这一区域发现了两个物种的非对称引种,主要的线粒体基因来自云南滇金丝猴,叶绿体基因来自克氏滇金丝猴。观察到的种群结构表明,云南滇金丝猴是典型的冰期后扩张,而克什米尔滇金丝猴则是冰期扩张和冰期间收缩。生态位建模支持推断的种群历史,并预测在未来气候条件下,P. kesiya的分布范围将缩小。我们的研究结果表明,东南亚地区的热带松树物种经历了不同于高纬度物种的进化轨迹,这与它们的第四纪气候历史有关。我们还说明了在这片支离破碎的土地上采取紧急保护行动的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Collections-based systematics in the new age of discovery: Celebrating the legacy and life of Professor Wen-Tsai Wang 新发现时代的集合系统学——纪念王教授的遗产与生平
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12945
Jun Wen, Lei Xie, Zhi-Yun Zhang, Yan Liang, Song Ge

Professor Wen-Tsai Wang (王文采, June 5, 1926–November 16, 2022) was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a legendary plant taxonomist at the Institute of Botany of CAS (Fig. 1). Herein, we organize a virtual special issue in Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE) to celebrate the legacy and life of Professor Wang, who was a leading plant taxonomist in China and made important contributions toward advancing the understanding of the flora of China, the biogeography of eastern Asia, and biodiversity research in the vast Hengduan Mountains. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (now JSE) for 6 years from 1982 to 1988, and trained several generations of plant taxonomists in China (Li, 2001).

Professor Wang graduated from Beijing Normal University in 1949 and joined the Institute of Plant Taxonomy (now Institute of Botany), CAS, as a research assistant in 1950. He was promoted to the professor rank in 1982, and was elected as an academician of CAS in 1993. Professor Wang had a long, productive career at the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, CAS (Fig. 2), and published more than 250 taxonomic and floristic papers and several monographs (Fig. 3). He described 28 new genera, 303 new taxa at the tribal, sectional, and series ranks, ca. 1370 new species, and 242 new combinations.

Professor Wang was one of the most important participants in the compilation of the enormous 8-volume series Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum (Institute of Botany, CAS, 1972–1983) (Fig. 4). He was first assigned to be in charge of the preparation of the book series Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum in 1965 to set the foundation for preparing Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) and help with plant identifications in China. The book series included 11 000 higher plant species of China with brief descriptions on morphology, ecology, distribution, and uses, 9082 of which had line drawings. He contributed the treatments of several families in this book series, including Boraginaceae, Geraniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Papaveraceae, Proteaceae, Ranunculaceae, Urticaceae, and Vitaceae. This book series has been widely used by scientific institutions, colleges, and universities to train botanists and young students in biology throughout China and became the most important botanical classics from China.

Professor Wang was a taxonomic authority on several difficult plant families in China, including Boraginaceae, Rubiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Gesneriaceae, Urticaceae, and Vitaceae, through his extensive herbarium and field research (Fig. 5). He contributed several treatments to Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, treating part of the Ranunculaceae (Aconitum, Delphinium, Anemone, and several small genera) (Wang, 19791980), Gesneriaceae (Wang, 1990), Boraginaceae (Kung & Wang, 

王教授(王文采, 1926年6月5日至2022年11月16日)是中国科学院(CAS)院士和CAS植物研究所的传奇植物分类学家(图1)。在此,我们在《系统学与进化杂志》(JSE)上组织了一期虚拟特刊,以庆祝王教授的遗产和生命,他是我国著名的植物分类学家,为深入了解中国植物区系、东亚生物地理学和横断山区生物多样性研究做出了重要贡献。1982年至1988年任《植物分类学报》主编6年,培养了我国几代植物分类学家(李,2001)。王教授1949年毕业于北京师范大学,1950年进入CAS植物分类研究所(现植物研究所)任研究助理。1982年晋升教授级,1993年当选为CAS院士。王教授在CAS植物研究所植物标本馆有着漫长而富有成效的职业生涯(图2),发表了250多篇分类学和区系论文以及多部专著(图3)。他描述了28个新属,303个部落、科和系级新分类群,约1370个新物种,242个新组合。王教授是8卷本巨著《中华植物志》系列丛书(CAS植物研究所,1972-1983)(图4)的最重要参与者之一。1965年,他首次被指派负责《中华植物图》系列丛书的编写,为《中国植物志》的编写奠定了基础并帮助在中国进行植物鉴定。该系列丛书包括11本 000种中国高等植物,并对其形态、生态学、分布和用途进行了简要描述,其中9082种有白描。他在这本书系列中贡献了几个科的治疗方法,包括紫草科、Geraniaceae、苦苣苔科、罂粟科、蛋白质科、毛茛科、荨麻科和维生素科。该系列丛书已被中国各地的科研机构、高等院校广泛用于培养植物学家和生物学青年学生,成为中国最重要的植物学经典。王教授是中国几个疑难植物科的分类学权威,包括紫草科、茜草科、毛茛科、苦苣苔科、荨麻科和维生素科,通过他广泛的植物标本馆和实地研究(图5)。他为《中华人民共和国植物志》贡献了几种治疗方法,治疗毛茛科的一部分(乌头属、飞燕草属、银莲花属和几个小属)(王,19791980)、苦苣苔科(王,1990)、紫草科(龚和王,1989;王,1993)和荨麻科(王和陈,1995;王,20142016)。王教授于1986年退休,但他继续对毛茛科、紫草科、荨麻科和苦苣苔科进行研究。从20世纪90年代初到21世纪初,他访问了欧洲和美国国外的几个主要草药库,包括BM、E、G、GH、K、LE、MHA、MO、NY、P、S、UPS和US,直到最近的2021年春天才停止了他的研究(例如,王,1993199420002002200320042006201420162018201920021)。王教授还参与了合作的《中国植物志》项目,并对毛茛科(与德志夫和梁倩丽合作)和苦苣苔科(与潘开宇和甄玉丽合作)进行了研究。1996年,他参观了史密森学会的美国国家植物标本馆(US)、哈佛大学格雷植物标本馆、纽约植物园和密苏里植物园植物标本馆。在这次访问中,他与Laurence E.Skog博士(史密森学会)共同完成了《中国苦苣苔科植物志》的修订工作(王等,1998)。除了分类学和区系学研究外,王教授还发表了几篇关于东亚地区分布格局和迁移路线的重要论文(王,19891992)。这些论文启发了许多关于东亚生物地理学的研究(Wen et al.,2014;聂等人,2016;刘等人,2021;毛等人,2021年;张等人,2022)。他编辑的关于横断山脉维管植物的两卷本(Wang et al.,19931994)记录了根据中国和西方收藏家创造的标本在这一广阔地区采集的所有植物。这是一项重大成就,当时植物标本馆的藏品不容易在网上或数字化。这两卷的完成为亚洲这个巨大的进化热点的系统、生物地理学和保护工作奠定了基础。 王教授通过在中国科学院和许多学院、大学和研究所的课程,培养了许多植物分类学的学生和工作者(图6)。他总是谦逊、谦逊、平易近人,并在植物标本馆非正式地教授了许多年轻的同事植物分类学(图7)。他以培养体育分类学家而闻名,如德志夫教授、梁倩丽教授、甄玉丽教授和许多其他学生(图8)。王教授于1973年加入《植物分类学报》(现JSE)编委会。1981年5月,作为副主编,他主持了一次常务委员会会议,为该杂志达成了一些重要协议,如发表具有重大学术价值或创新的研究,征集高质量的手稿,以及采用严格的同行评审程序,这些协议一直在该杂志上实施到今天。1982年至1988年,他担任《JSE》主编,离职后,他继续以各种方式为该杂志服务。1995年4月,他写信给编辑部,建议将新物种的模式标本存放在一个致力于长期维护的公认植物标本馆。王教授在80多岁的时候就帮助一些JSE作者修改和批准了拉丁文描述或诊断;1996年获科技基金资助,1997年获何梁何利基金科技成就奖。2018年,王教授被CAS植物研究所评为终身名誉教授。2019年获中国政府颁发的“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念章”。为了表彰王教授在植物分类学、植物区系学和东亚生物地理学方面的贡献,以及他为培养下一代分类学家所做的努力,我们选择了过去3年中最近发表在JSE上的16篇关于基于集合的系统学的科学论文,以庆祝他的一生和遗产。我们选择的文章展示了新发现时代植物分类学、生物地理学和植物区系学的进展(Wen et al.,20152017;Funk,2018)。王教授致力于了解中国植物区系。我们提出并讨论了四篇论文,强调亚洲的植物区系多样性和聚集性。胡等人(2020)提供了一个更新的中国维管植物系统发育树,生成了一个包含15 092提示和14 878种,其中13种 中国特有种663种(44.0%),属2953属(95.7%)。除了中国植物区系发育框架的巨大科学价值外,该研究还确定了中国被子植物在属和种水平上的系统发育多样性热点;因此,利用系统发育多样性的信息,本文也具有重要的保护意义。谢等人(2021)查阅并分析了中国高等植物综合目录《中国物种目录:第一卷:植物》的区系数据。该数据库可在以下网址免费访问:http://www.sp2000.org.cn/,包括478科4052属41个条目 687个特异性和次特异性分类群。毛等人(2021)回顾了亚洲著名的生物多样性热点青藏高原物种多样性的进化起源。作者讨论了QTP的界定和命名、QTP隆起、分子系统发育树的年代测定、物种多样化和高海拔适应过程等方面的问题和进展。Low等人(2021)利用天南星科热带台风属的系统发育框架重建了亚洲古热带植物区系的生物地理起源。Typhonium s.s.被推测起源于中新世早期至中期的中印,随后该属的多样化可能是由中新世中期附近亚洲季风的增强引发的。该研究为研究亚洲古热带植物区系元素的起源和演化提供了一个重要的框架和一套假设。生命树或系统发育学已成为分类和分类学的基础(Wen et al.,2017)。系统发育系统学在过去十年中取得了巨大进展,对特征(如基因组学)和分类群进行了额外的采样,尤其是在团队同事的合作下(Zimmer&amp;Wen,2015)。我们选择了五篇论文来讨论系统发育系统学的进展,特别是在分类学和分类领域。Soreng等人。 (2022)更新了世界范围内具有重要经济意义的大型禾本科禾本科的系统发育分类。这一修订后的分类包括12个亚科、7个超部落、54个部落、5个超亚部落、10
{"title":"Collections-based systematics in the new age of discovery: Celebrating the legacy and life of Professor Wen-Tsai Wang","authors":"Jun Wen,&nbsp;Lei Xie,&nbsp;Zhi-Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Liang,&nbsp;Song Ge","doi":"10.1111/jse.12945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12945","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Professor Wen-Tsai Wang (王文采, June 5, 1926–November 16, 2022) was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a legendary plant taxonomist at the Institute of Botany of CAS (Fig. 1). Herein, we organize a virtual special issue in <i>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</i> (JSE) to celebrate the legacy and life of Professor Wang, who was a leading plant taxonomist in China and made important contributions toward advancing the understanding of the flora of China, the biogeography of eastern Asia, and biodiversity research in the vast Hengduan Mountains. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of <i>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</i> (now <i>JSE</i>) for 6 years from 1982 to 1988, and trained several generations of plant taxonomists in China (Li, <span>2001</span>).</p><p>Professor Wang graduated from Beijing Normal University in 1949 and joined the Institute of Plant Taxonomy (now Institute of Botany), CAS, as a research assistant in 1950. He was promoted to the professor rank in 1982, and was elected as an academician of CAS in 1993. Professor Wang had a long, productive career at the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, CAS (Fig. 2), and published more than 250 taxonomic and floristic papers and several monographs (Fig. 3). He described 28 new genera, 303 new taxa at the tribal, sectional, and series ranks, ca. 1370 new species, and 242 new combinations.</p><p>Professor Wang was one of the most important participants in the compilation of the enormous 8-volume series <i>Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum</i> (Institute of Botany, CAS, <span>1972</span>–1983) (Fig. 4). He was first assigned to be in charge of the preparation of the book series <i>Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum</i> in 1965 to set the foundation for preparing <i>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</i> (FRPS) and help with plant identifications in China. The book series included 11 000 higher plant species of China with brief descriptions on morphology, ecology, distribution, and uses, 9082 of which had line drawings. He contributed the treatments of several families in this book series, including Boraginaceae, Geraniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Papaveraceae, Proteaceae, Ranunculaceae, Urticaceae, and Vitaceae. This book series has been widely used by scientific institutions, colleges, and universities to train botanists and young students in biology throughout China and became the most important botanical classics from China.</p><p>Professor Wang was a taxonomic authority on several difficult plant families in China, including Boraginaceae, Rubiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Gesneriaceae, Urticaceae, and Vitaceae, through his extensive herbarium and field research (Fig. 5). He contributed several treatments to <i>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</i>, treating part of the Ranunculaceae (<i>Aconitum</i>, <i>Delphinium</i>, <i>Anemone</i>, and several small genera) (Wang, <span>1979</span>, <span>1980</span>), Gesneriaceae (Wang, <span>1990</span>), Boraginaceae (Kung &amp; Wang, ","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jse.12945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50137012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
List of Reviewers 审核人名单
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12944
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenomic insights into the reticulate evolution of Camellia sect. Paracamellia Sealy (Theaceae) 系统发生组学对山茶花科网状结构演化的启示Paracamellia Sealy(山茶科)
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12948
Sheng-Yuan Qin, Kai Chen, Wen-Ju Zhang, Xiao-Guo Xiang, Zheng-Yu Zuo, Cen Guo, Yao Zhao, Lin-Feng Li, Yu-Guo Wang, Zhi-Ping Song, Ji Yang, Xiao-Qiang Yang, Jian Zhang, Wei-Tao Jin, Qiang Wen, Song-Zi Zhao, Jia-Kuan Chen, De-Zhu Li, Jun Rong

Polyploids are common in Camellia sect. Paracamellia, which contain many important oil crop species. However, their complex evolutionary history is largely unclear. In this study, 22 transcriptomes and 19 plastomes of related species of Camellia were sequenced and assembled, providing the most completed taxa sampling of Camellia sect. Oleifera and C. sect. Paracamellia. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed with predicted single-copy nuclear genes and plastomes. Phylogenetic trees with nuclear genes demonstrated that C. sect. Oleifera should be merged into C. sect. Paracamellia. Cytonuclear discordance and network analyses suggested hybridizations among polyploid species and relatives. The divergence of major clades in C. sect. Paracamellia was dated to be during the middle to late Miocene from the ancestral Lingnan region, and a rapid diversification during the Quaternary was found, probably through hybridization and polyploidization. The tetraploid Camellia meiocarpa Hu may have originated from hybridization between closely related diploid species. The hexaploid Camellia oleifera C. Abel probably originated from hybridization between closely related diploid and tetraploid (e.g., C. meiocarpa) species. The octoploid Camellia vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu could have originated from hybridization between hexaploid C. oleifera and the closely related diploid species. Hybridization and polyploidization played an important role in generating the rich variation of important fruit traits, especially increased fruit size in polyploid species.

多倍体在山茶科中很常见。多倍体在山茶科(Paracamellia)中很常见,其中包含许多重要的油料作物品种。然而,它们复杂的进化历史在很大程度上并不清楚。本研究对山茶科相关物种的 22 个转录组和 19 个质粒组进行了测序和组装,为山茶科油茶属(C. sect.Oleifera和C.Paracamellia。利用预测的单拷贝核基因和质粒重建了系统发生树。核基因的系统发生树表明,C. sect.Oleifera 应并入 C. sect.Paracamellia.细胞核不一致性和网络分析表明多倍体物种和近缘种之间存在杂交。C. sect.山茶科主要支系的分化年代为中新世中晚期,从祖先岭南地区分化而来,在第四纪期间迅速分化,可能是通过杂交和多倍体化实现的。四倍体山茶花 meiocarpa Hu 可能起源于近缘二倍体物种之间的杂交。六倍体山茶(C. oleifera C. Abel)可能起源于近缘二倍体和四倍体(如 C. meiocarpa)物种之间的杂交。八倍体 Camellia vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu 可能起源于六倍体 C. oleifera 与近缘二倍体物种的杂交。杂交和多倍体在产生重要果实性状的丰富变异中发挥了重要作用,尤其是在多倍体物种中果实体积增大。
{"title":"Phylogenomic insights into the reticulate evolution of Camellia sect. Paracamellia Sealy (Theaceae)","authors":"Sheng-Yuan Qin,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Wen-Ju Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-Guo Xiang,&nbsp;Zheng-Yu Zuo,&nbsp;Cen Guo,&nbsp;Yao Zhao,&nbsp;Lin-Feng Li,&nbsp;Yu-Guo Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Ping Song,&nbsp;Ji Yang,&nbsp;Xiao-Qiang Yang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-Tao Jin,&nbsp;Qiang Wen,&nbsp;Song-Zi Zhao,&nbsp;Jia-Kuan Chen,&nbsp;De-Zhu Li,&nbsp;Jun Rong","doi":"10.1111/jse.12948","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jse.12948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyploids are common in <i>Camellia</i> sect. <i>Paracamellia</i>, which contain many important oil crop species. However, their complex evolutionary history is largely unclear. In this study, 22 transcriptomes and 19 plastomes of related species of <i>Camellia</i> were sequenced and assembled, providing the most completed taxa sampling of <i>Camellia</i> sect. <i>Oleifera</i> and <i>C</i>. sect. <i>Paracamellia</i>. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed with predicted single-copy nuclear genes and plastomes. Phylogenetic trees with nuclear genes demonstrated that <i>C</i>. sect. <i>Oleifera</i> should be merged into <i>C</i>. sect. <i>Paracamellia</i>. Cytonuclear discordance and network analyses suggested hybridizations among polyploid species and relatives. The divergence of major clades in <i>C</i>. sect. <i>Paracamellia</i> was dated to be during the middle to late Miocene from the ancestral Lingnan region, and a rapid diversification during the Quaternary was found, probably through hybridization and polyploidization. The tetraploid <i>Camellia meiocarpa</i> Hu may have originated from hybridization between closely related diploid species. The hexaploid <i>Camellia oleifera</i> C. Abel probably originated from hybridization between closely related diploid and tetraploid (e.g., <i>C. meiocarpa</i>) species. The octoploid <i>Camellia vietnamensis</i> T. C. Huang ex Hu could have originated from hybridization between hexaploid <i>C. oleifera</i> and the closely related diploid species. Hybridization and polyploidization played an important role in generating the rich variation of important fruit traits, especially increased fruit size in polyploid species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematics and Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75696361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solid-phase microextraction and cuticular hydrocarbon differences related to reproductive activity in juniper bark borer Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky 固相微萃取和表皮碳氢化合物差异与刺柏二孔虫繁殖活性的关系
1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12947
Jia-Xing Fang, Da-Feng Chen, Xia Shi, Su-Fang Zhang, Fu Liu, Wei-Xing Shen, Chun-Yan Jia, Shen-Cheng Ma, Zhen Zhang, Xiang-Bo Kong

Cuticular hydrocarbons of Cerambycidae species can function as signals for sex recognition. Little is known about the copulatory signals of the juniper bark borer Semanotus bifasciatus, a major economic threat to Platycladus orientalis Franco in China. Here, we investigated the cuticular hydrocarbons of both sexes of S. bifasciatus to determine the chemically mediated mating signals using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique with carbowax/divinylbenzene fibers (CAR/DVB) and then analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A series of aliphatic saturated straight-chain n-alkanes (n-C23 to n-C28), internally branched monomethylalkanes at carbons 3, 11, or 13, and dimethylalkanes were identified, which showed no qualitative differences in either sex and were similar in the samples with SPME fiber extraction and those with hexane extraction. The bioassay showed that 11-methylpentacosane (11-MeC25), 11-methylhexacosane (11-MeC26), and 11-methylheptacosane (11-MeC27) have sex-specific recognition functions that triggered more mating attempts at a female-specific ratio of 100:4:60 than at a male-specific ratio of 100:85:50. In addition, the female-specific ratio of 11-methylalkanes can elicit about 70% of male mating attempts within about 60 s, whereas live females elicit about 98% of male mating attempts within 25 s. The discrepancy in the initiation of mating attempts by synthetic mixtures and live females suggests that the methyl isomers 3-MeC25, 3-MeC27, and/or 11,15-diMeC27 may also be involved in the mating behavior of S. bifasciatus. These results suggest that 11-MeC25, 11-MeC26, and 11-MeC27 constitute the contact sex pheromone of S. bifasciatus, with the presence or absence of 11-MeC26 in particular playing an important role in mate recognition by males.

Cerambycidae物种的表皮碳氢化合物可以作为性别识别的信号。对刺柏二孔虫的交配信号知之甚少,这是对中国侧柏的主要经济威胁。在这里,我们用碳蜡/二乙烯基苯纤维(CAR/DVB)固相微萃取(SPME)技术研究了双腹肌两性的表皮碳氢化合物,以确定化学介导的交配信号,然后用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。鉴定了一系列脂族饱和直链正构烷烃(n-C23至n-C28)、碳原子数为3、11或13的内支化单甲基烷烃和二甲基烷烃,它们在性别上都没有定性差异,并且在SPME纤维提取的样品和己烷提取的样品中相似。生物测定表明,11甲基五碳烷(11-MeC25)、11甲基六碳烷(11甲基C26)和11甲基七碳烷(11MeC27)具有性别特异性识别功能,在100:4:60的雌性特异性比率下比在100:85:50的雄性特异性比率时触发更多的交配尝试。此外,11种甲基烷烃的雌性特异性比例可以在大约60秒内引发大约70%的雄性交配尝试 s、 而活的雌性在25年内引发了约98%的雄性交配尝试 s.合成混合物和活雌性在开始交配尝试方面的差异表明,甲基异构体3-MeC25、3-MeC27和/或11,15-diMeC27也可能参与双腹足线虫的交配行为。这些结果表明,11-MeC25、11-MeC26和11-MeC27构成了双腹足线虫的接触性信息素,11-MeC26的存在或不存在尤其在雄性的配偶识别中起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Systematics and Evolution
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