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Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 2000. Engineering Tomorrow (Cat. No.00CH37093)最新文献

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Transform domain communications: interference avoidance and acquisition capabilities 变换域通信:避免干扰和获取能力
M. L. Roberts, M. Temple, R. Raines, J. P. Stephens
This research characterizes the initial acquisition performance of a transform domain communication system (TDCS) via modeling and simulation. As previously demonstrated a TDCS provides an effective interference suppression capability and differs from traditional spread spectrum systems in two primary ways: 1) spectrally crowded regions are avoided via adaptive spectral notching, and 2) no carrier modulation is employed; rather "noise-like" basis functions are data modulated. Relevant TDCS research has unrealistically assumed perfect synchronization conditions, a vitally important and complex element of most digital communication systems. This research investigated initial TDCS acquisition performance for various synchronization codewords and several acquisition methods, e.g., direct time correlation (DTC) and German's technique, using both peak and threshold detection techniques. Theoretical development and MATLAB(R) simulations results indicate a TDCS can achieve a high probability of detection (P/sub 0/>0.9) for relatively low input Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs), as low as -23 dB for peak detection and -21 dB for threshold detection. DTC results are shown to approximate matched filter performance while providing reasonable improvement over radiometric processing. Extensive computer simulations and subsequent analysis indicate that a TDCS can adequately acquire and accurately align a locally generated reference waveform with a received noise-like TDCS signal.
本文通过建模和仿真对变换域通信系统(TDCS)的初始采集性能进行了表征。如前所述,TDCS提供了有效的干扰抑制能力,并且与传统扩频系统在两个主要方面有所不同:1)通过自适应频谱陷波避免了频谱拥挤区域,2)不使用载波调制;而“类噪声”基函数是数据调制的。TDCS的相关研究不切实际地假设了完美的同步条件,而同步条件是大多数数字通信系统中至关重要和复杂的因素。本研究考察了不同同步码字的初始TDCS采集性能和几种采集方法,如直接时间相关(DTC)和German’s技术,使用峰值和阈值检测技术。理论发展和MATLAB(R)仿真结果表明,TDCS可以在相对较低的输入信噪比(SNRs)下实现高检测概率(P/sub 0/>0.9),峰值检测低至-23 dB,阈值检测低至-21 dB。DTC结果显示,近似匹配的滤波器性能,同时提供合理的改进比辐射处理。大量的计算机模拟和随后的分析表明,TDCS可以充分地获取并准确地将本地生成的参考波形与接收到的类噪声TDCS信号对齐。
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引用次数: 13
Comparing performance of static versus mobile multiagent systems 比较静态与移动多智能体系统的性能
Scott A. O'Malley, Athie L. Self, S. DeLoach
This paper analyzes the performance differences between static and mobile multiagent systems. To do so, we developed solutions to a distributed text search problem, each using a different approach to multiagent systems (static versus mobile) on an isolated test network. Changes were then made to the agent environment, various constraints applied, and the resulting effect on the systems measured. Each system was evaluated using a number of performance metrics to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the respective approach.
本文分析了静态和移动多智能体系统的性能差异。为此,我们开发了一个分布式文本搜索问题的解决方案,每个解决方案在一个孤立的测试网络上对多代理系统(静态与移动)使用不同的方法。然后对代理环境进行更改,应用各种约束,并测量对系统产生的影响。使用许多性能指标对每个系统进行评估,以展示各自方法的优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 23
Extending the notation of Rational Rose 98 for use with formal methods 扩展Rational Rose 98的符号,以便与形式化方法一起使用
P. A. Noe, T. Hartrum
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been incorporated into the CASE tool, Rational Rose98, offering the user the capability of specifying systems using UML notation, Booch notation, or Rumbaugh notation. Through this research effort, Rose98 has been extended to allow formal notation to be entered in the class diagram text fields. Rose scripts were developed to transform the resulting extended Rose model into Z (zed) specifications in LATEX format. Z specifications are developed for the object model, dynamic model, and functional model based on information gathered from the class diagram and state transition diagram of the Rose model. These specifications can then be parsed into a tool supporting formal methods and Ada code can be automatically generated.
统一建模语言(UML)已经被合并到CASE工具Rational Rose98中,为用户提供了使用UML符号、Booch符号或Rumbaugh符号指定系统的能力。通过这项研究工作,Rose98已经扩展到允许在类图文本字段中输入正式的符号。开发Rose脚本是为了将得到的扩展Rose模型转换为LATEX格式的Z (zed)规范。Z规范是基于从Rose模型的类图和状态转换图中收集的信息,为对象模型、动态模型和功能模型开发的。然后可以将这些规范解析为支持形式化方法的工具,并且可以自动生成Ada代码。
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引用次数: 2
A fast DOA tracking algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter 一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的快速DOA跟踪算法
D. Kong, J. Chun
Many direction of arrival (DOA) tracking algorithms suffer heavy computational complexity due to their dependence on the sample covariance matrix. We propose a new DOA tracking algorithm that uses the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Because the proposed algorithm is based on a single snapshot, it requires low computational complexity. Our simulation illustrates that the proposed algorithm performs better than other methods.
许多到达方向(DOA)跟踪算法都依赖于样本协方差矩阵,计算量很大。提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的DOA跟踪算法。由于该算法基于单个快照,因此计算复杂度较低。仿真结果表明,该算法的性能优于其他方法。
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引用次数: 14
Exploiting RMS time-frequency structure for data compression in emitter location systems 利用RMS时频结构对发射极定位系统进行数据压缩
M. Fowler
An effective way to locate RF transmitters is to measure the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and the frequency-difference-of-arrival (FDOA) between pairs of signals received at geographically separated sites, but this requires that samples of one of the signals be sent over a data link. Often the available data link rate is insufficient to accomplish the transfer in a timely manner unless some form of lossy data compression is employed. A common approach in data compression is to pursue a rate-distortion criterion, where distortion is the mean-square error (MSE) due to compression. This paper shows that this MSE-only approach is inappropriate for TDOA/FDOA estimation and defines a more appropriate, non-MSE distortion measure. This measure is based on the fact that in addition to the inverse dependence on SNR, the TDOA accuracy also depends inversely on the signal's RMS (or Gabor) bandwidth and the FDOA accuracy also depends inversely on the signal's RMS (or Gabor) duration. The paper discusses how the wavelet transform can be used to exploit this measure.
定位射频发射机的一种有效方法是测量在地理位置分开的地点接收到的信号对之间的到达时间差(TDOA)和到达频率差(FDOA),但这需要通过数据链路发送其中一个信号的样本。通常可用的数据链路速率不足以及时完成传输,除非采用某种形式的有损数据压缩。在数据压缩中,一种常见的方法是追求速率失真标准,其中失真是由于压缩引起的均方误差(MSE)。本文表明,这种仅mse的方法不适用于TDOA/FDOA估计,并定义了一种更合适的非mse失真度量。这一措施是基于这样一个事实,即除了与信噪比的反向依赖之外,TDOA精度还与信号的RMS(或Gabor)带宽成反比,FDOA精度还与信号的RMS(或Gabor)持续时间成反比。本文讨论了如何利用小波变换来实现这一度量。
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引用次数: 5
Design and performance test of an in-plane gimbaled silicon gyroscope 平面内框架硅陀螺仪的设计与性能测试
J. Song, Jang-Gyu Lee, T. Kang, S. Sung
In this paper, a single DOF in-plane gimbaled silicon gyroscope and capacitive detection circuits are designed, fabricated and experimented. The operational principles of a vibrating silicon gyroscope and in-plane gimbaled silicon gyroscope are explained, and the differences between them are described. Because the latter has inner and outer gimbals separately, the driving and sensing mode is almost decoupled mechanically, which results in performance enhancement. The model equations of the in-plane gimbaled gyroscope are derived. Capacitive detection method with two anti-phase driving signals is used to measure the variation of capacitance. Moreover, two anti-phase carrier signals are added in order to reduce driving and measurement noises and to achieve linear relationship between applied angular rate and sensing output. Through experiments, it is confirmed that the proposed gyroscope and detection circuits have good linear property, resolution and sensitivity, contributing to the performance improvement of a silicon gyroscope.
本文设计、制作并实验了单自由度平面内框架硅陀螺仪和电容式检测电路。阐述了振动式硅陀螺仪与平面内平衡式硅陀螺仪的工作原理,并对两者的区别进行了分析。由于后者具有独立的内外万向节,因此驱动和传感模式几乎是机械解耦的,从而提高了性能。推导了平面内框架陀螺仪的模型方程。采用两个反相驱动信号的电容检测方法来测量电容的变化。此外,为了降低驱动和测量噪声,并实现应用角速度与传感输出之间的线性关系,还增加了两个反相位载波信号。实验证明,所设计的陀螺仪和检测电路具有良好的线性特性、分辨率和灵敏度,有助于提高硅陀螺仪的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Color pattern recognition using fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation 基于条纹校正联合变换相关的彩色模式识别
M. Alam, C. N. Wai
A fringe-adjusted joint-transform correlator (JTC) based technique for improved color pattern recognition is introduced. In the proposed technique, a real-valued filter, called the fringe-adjusted filter is used to reshape the joint power spectrum in order to yield better correlation output. A color image is processed through three channels, and the fringe-adjusted filtering is applied to each of these channels to obtain excellent correlation discrimination. The correlation outputs from these channels are then fused together to achieve a decision on the detection of a given color pattern. It is also shown that the fringe-adjusted filtering can be applied to a multichannel single-output JTC to obtain excellent correlation output that represents the coherence level between the input target image and the reference image for all color channels. These two techniques can be easily implemented in real time as for practical color pattern recognition applications. Two architectures for all-optical implementation of the proposed techniques are presented.
介绍了一种基于条纹调整联合变换相关器(JTC)的彩色模式识别改进技术。在该技术中,采用一种称为条纹调整滤波器的实值滤波器来重塑联合功率谱,以获得更好的相关输出。通过三个通道处理彩色图像,并对每个通道进行条纹调整滤波,以获得良好的相关判别。然后将这些通道的相关输出融合在一起,以实现对给定颜色模式检测的决定。结果表明,将条纹调整滤波应用于多通道单输出JTC,可以获得代表所有颜色通道输入目标图像与参考图像之间相干度的良好相关输出。这两种技术可以很容易地实时实现,作为实际的颜色模式识别应用。提出了实现上述技术的两种全光架构。
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引用次数: 29
Small satellite SIGINT payload 小型卫星信号情报有效载荷
P. Whittaker, M.S. Hodgart
A history of in-orbit operation of fifteen low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites by the Surrey Space Centre has highlighted the usefulness to the civilian market of measuring and analysing the crowded RF spectrum from the LEO perspective. A desirable instrument would be a payload that performs spectral analysis of a wide frequency range rapidly and to a useful resolution, while combining a capability for further time domain analysis of particular signals. A conventional system architecture adopts a channelised approach, sampling and processing each channel in turn over some repetition period. Here, the authors propose a novel sweeping system which provides a more elegant and possibly more efficient solution. Digital chirp filter processing can be employed to achieve suitable resolution spectral analysis. An explanation of the operation of a sweeping system, including chirp filter spectral analysis, is presented along with a comparison with a channelised approach.
萨里航天中心15颗近地轨道卫星在轨运行的历史突出了从近地轨道角度测量和分析拥挤的射频频谱对民用市场的有用性。理想的仪器是一种有效载荷,它可以快速地对宽频率范围进行频谱分析,并达到有用的分辨率,同时结合对特定信号进行进一步时域分析的能力。传统的系统架构采用通道化方法,在一定的重复周期内轮流采样和处理每个通道。在这里,作者提出了一种新的清扫系统,它提供了一种更优雅、可能更有效的解决方案。采用数字啁啾滤波处理可以实现合适分辨率的光谱分析。对扫描系统的操作进行了解释,包括啁啾滤波器光谱分析,并与信道化方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Detailed analysis of enhancement-mode technologies for the development of high performance, power conserving, mixed-signal integrated circuits 详细分析了开发高性能、节能、混合信号集成电路的增强模式技术
Charles Cerny, R. Blumgold, J. Cook, S. Bibyk, J. Fisher, R. Siferd, S. Ren
An important aspect in developing digital receivers is the reduction of analog components, which tend to be temperature sensitive and require calibration and result in a reduction in receiver accuracy. Digital receivers are a long-term goal of the Air Force, which strive for increased functionality interactive capability amongst air, space and ground based platforms. Therefore, in the proper designing of that digital receiver an intricate tradespace exists in order to maintain the power performance relationship needed to meet platform requirements, and reducing acquisition and lifecycle costs. This paper summarizes efforts to completely analyze two complementary enhancement-mode technologies, GaAs CHFET and SOI CMOS, which could be implemented at the front end of the digital receiver and result in an appropriate power/performance improvement. This effort begins with a detailed radio frequency (RF) characterization of each technology, the building of a complete RF model, and the correct choice of enhancement-mode, high performance mixed-signal circuit designs. This type of ground level approach is critical to any future digital receiver architecture where platform power budget constraints must be met, while producing the maximum performance.
开发数字接收机的一个重要方面是减少模拟元件,因为模拟元件往往对温度敏感,需要校准,从而导致接收机精度降低。数字接收机是美国空军的长期目标,旨在提高空中、太空和地面平台之间的功能交互能力。因此,在数字接收机的合理设计中,存在一个复杂的交易空间,以维持满足平台要求所需的功率性能关系,并降低获取和生命周期成本。本文总结了两种互补的增强模式技术,GaAs CHFET和SOI CMOS,这两种技术可以在数字接收机的前端实现,并导致适当的功率/性能改进。这项工作首先是对每种技术进行详细的射频(RF)表征,建立完整的RF模型,并正确选择增强模式,高性能混合信号电路设计。这种类型的地面方法对于任何未来的数字接收机架构都是至关重要的,因为这些架构必须满足平台功率预算限制,同时产生最大的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Comparison of the channel equalizers using the inverse filter, the H/sup 2/ filter and the H/sup /spl infin// filter 使用逆滤波器、H/sup 2/滤波器和H/sup /spl infin//滤波器的通道均衡器的比较
Kyungsup Kim, Soohong Kim, J. Bae, J. Chun
An H/sup /spl infin// optimized equalizer is presented to realize an optimal causal and stable equalizer of the single-channel equalization problem in the frequency domain. The proposed algorithm achieves intersymbol interference cancellation and noise attenuation in the view point of H/sup /spl infin// optimization. The communication system usually suffers some uncertainties of the channel parameter and the statistics of noise. Our algorithm is robust while the channel characteristics and the statistics of inputs and external. Noise are uncertain with a bound. Moreover, while the conventional H/sup /spl infin// approach is to minimize a peak error gain over the entire range, we propose a modified H/sup /spl infin// equalizer to emphasize the limited used frequency region by using a weight function. Finally, for the purpose of illustration, some examples and their simulation results are presented.
为了实现单通道频域均衡问题的最优因果稳定均衡器,提出了一种H/sup /spl滤波器优化均衡器。该算法从H/sup /spl //优化的角度实现了码间干扰消除和噪声抑制。通信系统通常存在信道参数和噪声统计的不确定性。该算法对信道特性和输入、外部统计量具有较强的鲁棒性。噪声具有一定的不确定性。此外,虽然传统的H/sup /spl infin//方法是在整个范围内最小化峰值误差增益,但我们提出了一个改进的H/sup /spl infin//均衡器,通过使用权重函数来强调有限的使用频率区域。最后,为了说明问题,给出了一些算例及其仿真结果。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 2000. Engineering Tomorrow (Cat. No.00CH37093)
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