The paper has attempted to bring out the importance of social enterprises (SEs) and the role they play in accelerating the 2030 development agenda. SEs are primarily hybrid organizations emanating from the area of social entrepreneurship. There are, nonetheless, challenges that these organizations encounter. The paper presents key challenges confronting the sector. These include operational issues, management conflicts and governance, inadequate regulations for raising resources, and operational transparency. In a complex socio-economic environment system with SEs certain to be an enabler towards sustainability, it is important that negative outcomes be addressed based on appropriate strategies and interventions. An enabling environment would support SEs and related actors work together in improving institutional capabilities and bringing sustainable innovation and transformation across the complete spectrum.
{"title":"Social Enterprises, Mission Drift, and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Souvik Bhattacharjya","doi":"10.3233/red-191204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-191204","url":null,"abstract":"The paper has attempted to bring out the importance of social enterprises (SEs) and the role they play in accelerating the 2030 development agenda. SEs are primarily hybrid organizations emanating from the area of social entrepreneurship. There are, nonetheless, challenges that these organizations encounter. The paper presents key challenges confronting the sector. These include operational issues, management conflicts and governance, inadequate regulations for raising resources, and operational transparency. In a complex socio-economic environment system with SEs certain to be an enabler towards sustainability, it is important that negative outcomes be addressed based on appropriate strategies and interventions. An enabling environment would support SEs and related actors work together in improving institutional capabilities and bringing sustainable innovation and transformation across the complete spectrum.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75567320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought-prone villages are constantly facing the challenges of agricultural productivity, lack of alternative livelihood opportunities due to ecological vulnerability, predominance of wasteland, inadequate water supply, and absence of physical and socio-cultural infrastructure. The study aims to develop a comprehensive policy framework to mitigate the socio-economic and environmental issues against the threat. The methodology comprises an anthropological study from micro to macro level to synthesize the dynamics of drought in the economic, ecological, and socio-cultural indices of a typical agrarian village of Purulia District in West Bengal, India. The results illustrate ecological susceptibility such as extreme climatic condition, futile wasteland cover, rocky undulating landform, top soil erosion, and human-made contingencies including deforestation, absence of water conservation practices, over utilization of existing water bodies resulting in water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and absence of major agrarian livelihood. Lack of alternative livelihood practices such as agro-forestry and non-farm activities, appropriate knowledge regarding drought mitigation, sustainable living practices, inadequate physical infrastructure. and pressing issues in housing with population growth results in degradation of socio-economic profile of the residents, loss of natural resource. and poor socio-spatial livability quotient. It also increases the risk of habitat loss with regular drought occurrence. The study can be further adapted and strengthened according to varied rural settlements according to their geographical context, climatic vulnerability, predominant livelihood contingencies, and socio-cultural resonance. Most research in this domain focuses on the geophysical and meteorological parameters while the anthropo-geographical aspects such as local ecology, indigenous livelihood patterns, and native strategies of drought management are largely overlooked. The policy framework has been suggested to facilitate an integrated measure for the ecological and economic sustainability against drought with diversified livelihood opportunities, environmental upgradation, and augmentation of physical infrastructure. This policy can be further strengthened with retrofitting strategies of housing for future expansion and optimization of socio-cultural spaces to foster a sustainable economy, cohesive socio-cultural well-being, and resource optimization.
{"title":"Anthropological Study of a Typical Drought-Prone Village in India: Strategies for Sustainable Rural Habitat","authors":"Subhamita Das, J. Vijayalaxmi","doi":"10.3233/red-191203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-191203","url":null,"abstract":"Drought-prone villages are constantly facing the challenges of agricultural productivity, lack of alternative livelihood opportunities due to ecological vulnerability, predominance of wasteland, inadequate water supply, and absence of physical and socio-cultural infrastructure. The study aims to develop a comprehensive policy framework to mitigate the socio-economic and environmental issues against the threat. The methodology comprises an anthropological study from micro to macro level to synthesize the dynamics of drought in the economic, ecological, and socio-cultural indices of a typical agrarian village of Purulia District in West Bengal, India. The results illustrate ecological susceptibility such as extreme climatic condition, futile wasteland cover, rocky undulating landform, top soil erosion, and human-made contingencies including deforestation, absence of water conservation practices, over utilization of existing water bodies resulting in water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and absence of major agrarian livelihood. Lack of alternative livelihood practices such as agro-forestry and non-farm activities, appropriate knowledge regarding drought mitigation, sustainable living practices, inadequate physical infrastructure. and pressing issues in housing with population growth results in degradation of socio-economic profile of the residents, loss of natural resource. and poor socio-spatial livability quotient. It also increases the risk of habitat loss with regular drought occurrence. The study can be further adapted and strengthened according to varied rural settlements according to their geographical context, climatic vulnerability, predominant livelihood contingencies, and socio-cultural resonance. Most research in this domain focuses on the geophysical and meteorological parameters while the anthropo-geographical aspects such as local ecology, indigenous livelihood patterns, and native strategies of drought management are largely overlooked. The policy framework has been suggested to facilitate an integrated measure for the ecological and economic sustainability against drought with diversified livelihood opportunities, environmental upgradation, and augmentation of physical infrastructure. This policy can be further strengthened with retrofitting strategies of housing for future expansion and optimization of socio-cultural spaces to foster a sustainable economy, cohesive socio-cultural well-being, and resource optimization.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89272770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes play a vital role in understanding the landscape dynamics that have been influencing climate, biodiversity, hydrology, and ecology of a region. The information of temporal LULC aids decision-makers in framing sustainable land use policies for nature conservation. Anthropogenic pressure, especially unplanned developmental activities, has contributed towards fragmenting contiguous forests, thus affecting their structure and loss of habitat for endemic taxa. LULC changes in the Bellary district, Karnataka have been assessed through temporal remote sensing data. Classification of remote sensing data for estimating the spatial extent of land uses has been done through supervised machine learning algorithms namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and parametric maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). The performance of these algorithms was evaluated through accuracy assessments. Results reveal that RF has the highest overall accuracy (88.94%) and Kappa value (0.76) compared to overall Kappa of MLC (85.51%, 0.74) and SVM (85.47%, 0.63). Based on this, RF was considered for temporal data analyses, which highlighted the decline of forest cover from 2.61% (1973) to 0.74% (2022). The built-up has increased from 0.27% (1973) to 2.43% (2022), and agriculture from 68.21% (1973) to 84.95% (2022). Fragmentation of contiguous forests is evident from the decline in the interior or intact forests from 6.73% (1973) to 2.41% (2022) and the increase in the non-forest areas such as built-up, agriculture, etc., amounting now to 89.81%. Results highlight the need for immediate policy interventions for the conservation and protection of the remnant forest patches.
{"title":"Insights from Big Spatial Data through Machine Learning Techniques for Prudent Management of Natural Resources","authors":"T. Ramachandra, Paras Negi, B. Setturu","doi":"10.3233/red-191201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-191201","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes play a vital role in understanding the landscape dynamics that have been influencing climate, biodiversity, hydrology, and ecology of a region. The information of temporal LULC aids decision-makers in framing sustainable land use policies for nature conservation. Anthropogenic pressure, especially unplanned developmental activities, has contributed towards fragmenting contiguous forests, thus affecting their structure and loss of habitat for endemic taxa. LULC changes in the Bellary district, Karnataka have been assessed through temporal remote sensing data. Classification of remote sensing data for estimating the spatial extent of land uses has been done through supervised machine learning algorithms namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and parametric maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). The performance of these algorithms was evaluated through accuracy assessments. Results reveal that RF has the highest overall accuracy (88.94%) and Kappa value (0.76) compared to overall Kappa of MLC (85.51%, 0.74) and SVM (85.47%, 0.63). Based on this, RF was considered for temporal data analyses, which highlighted the decline of forest cover from 2.61% (1973) to 0.74% (2022). The built-up has increased from 0.27% (1973) to 2.43% (2022), and agriculture from 68.21% (1973) to 84.95% (2022). Fragmentation of contiguous forests is evident from the decline in the interior or intact forests from 6.73% (1973) to 2.41% (2022) and the increase in the non-forest areas such as built-up, agriculture, etc., amounting now to 89.81%. Results highlight the need for immediate policy interventions for the conservation and protection of the remnant forest patches.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89397791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable development goals have a global indicator framework that guides countries in selecting relevant indicators for the national indicator framework. It can be used by countries to track progress around specific targets. To track such progress around the plastic economy, a data-driven approach is required. Plastic waste management has long been a challenge and is considered an issue mainly due to the lack of infrastructure, technology, and efficient systems for collecting and processing plastic. However, not much importance is given to ‘how much’ that is the ‘data’ for plastics to deal with. The polymer supply chain is extremely complex due to its multiple forms, numerous applications across sectors and products, and vast time range within which they can reach their end of life. There are only rough estimates about plastic waste generation in India without any proper methodology. Even when a certain methodology is provided it is not holistic as it does not consider the informal sector of India, leading to the debilitation of data generated. Data transparency is a must to build a circular waste value chain. It could be achieved via the unified digital platform and strengthening of extended producer responsibility. Instead of just provision of the numbers, transparency could be brought by stating the methods for data collection and its completeness which can translate to how veritable the quoted numbers are and where to fill the gaps in assumptions and calculations.
{"title":"Importance of Data in Plastic Waste Management in India","authors":"Mandavi Singh, Trinayana Kaushik","doi":"10.3233/red-191205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-191205","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development goals have a global indicator framework that guides countries in selecting relevant indicators for the national indicator framework. It can be used by countries to track progress around specific targets. To track such progress around the plastic economy, a data-driven approach is required. Plastic waste management has long been a challenge and is considered an issue mainly due to the lack of infrastructure, technology, and efficient systems for collecting and processing plastic. However, not much importance is given to ‘how much’ that is the ‘data’ for plastics to deal with. The polymer supply chain is extremely complex due to its multiple forms, numerous applications across sectors and products, and vast time range within which they can reach their end of life. There are only rough estimates about plastic waste generation in India without any proper methodology. Even when a certain methodology is provided it is not holistic as it does not consider the informal sector of India, leading to the debilitation of data generated. Data transparency is a must to build a circular waste value chain. It could be achieved via the unified digital platform and strengthening of extended producer responsibility. Instead of just provision of the numbers, transparency could be brought by stating the methods for data collection and its completeness which can translate to how veritable the quoted numbers are and where to fill the gaps in assumptions and calculations.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramakrishna Nallathiga, Suyog Jadhav, Tejashri P. Mane, Aniket Lohar
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) legislation was brought in India in order to curb environmentally detrimental activities along the coastline. It is one of the controversial legislations in the country, which affected the development of cities and their infrastructure. For topographically constrained land-scarce cities like Mumbai, which also faces the challenge of a growing population and economic activities, the CRZ legislation turns out to be a bane for development. The city already has a large amount of population living in informal housing (slum and squatted settlements) due to the limited availability of land. The CRZ legislation would further limit the land available for development in Mumbai and, thereby, affect infrastructure, development, and property prices. This article examines whether the CRZ legislation would have impacted the coastal city of Mumbai in the form of informal development, lower infrastructure availability, and dampened property prices by making use of ward-level data. The study examines multiple, sequential, and interlinked hypotheses to assess how the CRZ legislation would have affected the development outcomes in the city. The results are assertive of the broader impact of CRZ legislation on the rise of informality, lower infrastructure availability, and poorer property prices. The study results are suggestive of the need to avoid a blanket approach towards coastal regulation; rather, it requires careful consideration of the local context of cities along the coastline and consultation with local government. However, the results have to be viewed from the perspective of Mumbai city and also in the light of limited data of a few wards along the Mumbai coast, which we use to arrive at the conclusions.
{"title":"The Impact of Coastal Regulation Zone Legislation on City Development: A Study with Reference to Mumbai","authors":"Ramakrishna Nallathiga, Suyog Jadhav, Tejashri P. Mane, Aniket Lohar","doi":"10.3233/red-191202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-191202","url":null,"abstract":"The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) legislation was brought in India in order to curb environmentally detrimental activities along the coastline. It is one of the controversial legislations in the country, which affected the development of cities and their infrastructure. For topographically constrained land-scarce cities like Mumbai, which also faces the challenge of a growing population and economic activities, the CRZ legislation turns out to be a bane for development. The city already has a large amount of population living in informal housing (slum and squatted settlements) due to the limited availability of land. The CRZ legislation would further limit the land available for development in Mumbai and, thereby, affect infrastructure, development, and property prices. This article examines whether the CRZ legislation would have impacted the coastal city of Mumbai in the form of informal development, lower infrastructure availability, and dampened property prices by making use of ward-level data. The study examines multiple, sequential, and interlinked hypotheses to assess how the CRZ legislation would have affected the development outcomes in the city. The results are assertive of the broader impact of CRZ legislation on the rise of informality, lower infrastructure availability, and poorer property prices. The study results are suggestive of the need to avoid a blanket approach towards coastal regulation; rather, it requires careful consideration of the local context of cities along the coastline and consultation with local government. However, the results have to be viewed from the perspective of Mumbai city and also in the light of limited data of a few wards along the Mumbai coast, which we use to arrive at the conclusions.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82337544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The empirical study has obtained insights into the expenditure patterns of cash compensation and the desired constituents of compensation package by the affected landowners in a linear project in peri-urban area of Gurugram district in Haryana. The study concludes that monetary compensation is apportioned between the twin heads of immediate consumption needs and income generating assets, though, the percentage spent under each category is influenced by the geographical location and the sociological attributes of communities. A heterogeneous mix of compensation options was found to elicit greater acceptance among the affected landowners. The individual compensation choices are ascribable to factors such as education, age, size of land holdings, income level, extent of awareness, and access to information. The findings of the study underscore the need to diversify the compensation choices incorporated in The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013 to optimize the post-acquisition outcomes for the project-affected-families. The paper recommends the adoption of land pooling policy for land aggregation in urbanizing areas to assure high economic return to participating title holders from the serviced parcel of land returned to them through its monetization or utilization for commercial purposes.
{"title":"Compensating Project-affected-Families: an examination of alternatives","authors":"P. Das, Jennifer Divydarshi, Devender Singh","doi":"10.3233/red-181205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-181205","url":null,"abstract":"The empirical study has obtained insights into the expenditure patterns of cash compensation and the desired constituents of compensation package by the affected landowners in a linear project in peri-urban area of Gurugram district in Haryana. The study concludes that monetary compensation is apportioned between the twin heads of immediate consumption needs and income generating assets, though, the percentage spent under each category is influenced by the geographical location and the sociological attributes of communities. A heterogeneous mix of compensation options was found to elicit greater acceptance among the affected landowners. The individual compensation choices are ascribable to factors such as education, age, size of land holdings, income level, extent of awareness, and access to information. The findings of the study underscore the need to diversify the compensation choices incorporated in The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013 to optimize the post-acquisition outcomes for the project-affected-families. The paper recommends the adoption of land pooling policy for land aggregation in urbanizing areas to assure high economic return to participating title holders from the serviced parcel of land returned to them through its monetization or utilization for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78155436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization has integrated national and regional economies into a single vast global economy opening up several prospects of growth and dynamic development, largely because of increased opportunities for international trade (Surugiu, et al. 2015). Now governments around the world have liberalized their trade and financial markets, resulting in intensified flow of goods, capital and services within countries, providing economic benefits. However, this has also resulted in degrading of Earth’s environment. The situation has become so grim, that the occurrence of climate-induced natural hazards is now a frequent event. Carbon neutrality (or net zero emission) has been proposed as a solution to anthropogenic climate change and more countries are committing to reach carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. An example of these is the European Union (EU), which wants to become the first region in the world to commit to net zero emissions by 2050. Its carbon neutrality strategy document, ‘European Union Green Deal (EUGD)’, along with other provisions includes taxing imported goods based on carbon embodied in production, known as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The CBAM suggests taxing the difference between carbon embodied in domestically produced and imported goods. The adjustment mechanism is based on the idea that a price on carbon consumption will encourage countries to adopt cleaner technologies in production process, along with avoiding carbon leakages to other countries with relaxed environmental standards. This paper tries to understand the concept, rationale, proposed working and discussions around CBAM. It also tries to examine the possible effect of CBAM on carbon intensive and trade exposed (CITE) sectors in India. The paper concludes that iron and steel will be the sectors most affected from CBAM in India and suggests that India and EU must harness increased international cooperation (through Free Trade Agreement) to fulfill twin purposes of economic development and environmental conservation.
全球化将国家和地区经济整合为一个庞大的全球经济，开辟了几个增长和动态发展的前景，主要是因为国际贸易机会的增加(Surugiu, et al. 2015)。现在，世界各国政府都开放了贸易和金融市场，导致各国内部商品、资本和服务的流动加剧，带来了经济效益。然而，这也导致了地球环境的退化。形势已经变得如此严峻，气候引起的自然灾害现在是一个频繁的事件。碳中和(或净零排放)已被提出作为人为气候变化的解决方案，越来越多的国家承诺到本世纪中叶实现碳中和。其中一个例子是欧盟(EU)，它希望成为世界上第一个承诺到2050年实现净零排放的地区。欧盟的碳中和战略文件《欧盟绿色协议》(EUGD)以及其他条款包括根据生产过程中包含的碳对进口商品征税，即所谓的碳边界调整机制(CBAM)。CBAM建议对国内生产和进口商品中碳含量的差异征税。调整机制基于这样一种理念，即碳消费价格将鼓励各国在生产过程中采用更清洁的技术，同时避免碳泄漏到环境标准宽松的其他国家。本文试图了解CBAM的概念、基本原理、提出的工作和围绕CBAM的讨论。它还试图研究CBAM对印度碳密集型和贸易暴露(CITE)行业可能产生的影响。该论文的结论是，钢铁将是印度受CBAM影响最大的行业，并建议印度和欧盟必须利用增加的国际合作(通过自由贸易协定)来实现经济发展和环境保护的双重目的。
{"title":"Implications of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: a case of India’s exports to European Union","authors":"Vatsala Sharma, Khushi Gupta","doi":"10.3233/red-181204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-181204","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has integrated national and regional economies into a single vast global economy opening up several prospects of growth and dynamic development, largely because of increased opportunities for international trade (Surugiu, et al. 2015). Now governments around the world have liberalized their trade and financial markets, resulting in intensified flow of goods, capital and services within countries, providing economic benefits. However, this has also resulted in degrading of Earth’s environment. The situation has become so grim, that the occurrence of climate-induced natural hazards is now a frequent event. Carbon neutrality (or net zero emission) has been proposed as a solution to anthropogenic climate change and more countries are committing to reach carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. An example of these is the European Union (EU), which wants to become the first region in the world to commit to net zero emissions by 2050. Its carbon neutrality strategy document, ‘European Union Green Deal (EUGD)’, along with other provisions includes taxing imported goods based on carbon embodied in production, known as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The CBAM suggests taxing the difference between carbon embodied in domestically produced and imported goods. The adjustment mechanism is based on the idea that a price on carbon consumption will encourage countries to adopt cleaner technologies in production process, along with avoiding carbon leakages to other countries with relaxed environmental standards. This paper tries to understand the concept, rationale, proposed working and discussions around CBAM. It also tries to examine the possible effect of CBAM on carbon intensive and trade exposed (CITE) sectors in India. The paper concludes that iron and steel will be the sectors most affected from CBAM in India and suggests that India and EU must harness increased international cooperation (through Free Trade Agreement) to fulfill twin purposes of economic development and environmental conservation.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84357469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental quality in ASEAN countries, the most FDI-attractive region. Design/methodology/approach: This study using the panel time series Pedroni cointegration approach with Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square. This research analyses data from nine ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2018. Findings: The paper finds that there is cointegration between the variables studied in the study. In addition, long-term economic growth and FDI have a significant impact on ASEAN’s environmental quality. Panel granger causality results also reveal a bidirectional causality between FDI and trade openness, growth in the GDP, fuel consumption, and the population in ASEAN. Foreign direct investment is important not only for promoting economic growth and development in ASEAN countries, but it also helps to improve environmental quality in the region. Research limitations/implications: Due to data availability constraints, the study cannot include Myanmar data.
{"title":"The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environmental Quality in ASEAN Countries","authors":"Phoumyxay Sitthivanh, Khaysy Srithilat","doi":"10.3233/red-181202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-181202","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental quality in ASEAN countries, the most FDI-attractive region. Design/methodology/approach: This study using the panel time series Pedroni cointegration approach with Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square. This research analyses data from nine ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2018. Findings: The paper finds that there is cointegration between the variables studied in the study. In addition, long-term economic growth and FDI have a significant impact on ASEAN’s environmental quality. Panel granger causality results also reveal a bidirectional causality between FDI and trade openness, growth in the GDP, fuel consumption, and the population in ASEAN. Foreign direct investment is important not only for promoting economic growth and development in ASEAN countries, but it also helps to improve environmental quality in the region. Research limitations/implications: Due to data availability constraints, the study cannot include Myanmar data.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79960439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetlands are productive ecosystems, providing an array of services that sustain the well-being of dependent biota. Post industrialization and globalization era witnessed a spurt in the anthropogenic activities, leading to the degradation and decline of fragile ecosystems. This necessitates the conservation of vital ecosystems through sustainable management tenets, this requires an understanding of the livelihood support of ecosystems. The focus of the study, discussed in this article, is to understand the worth of wetlands through the accounting of provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. The provisioning services through accounting of tangible benefits (fish, fodder, water, etc.) considering residual values indicate an annual revenue of INR49.70 billion. Similarly, accounting of non-use values of ecosystems through the benefit transfer method indicates regulating and cultural services support of INR196.89 billion and INR37.93 billion per year, respectively. The annual flow of the total ecosystem supply value accounts for INR284.52 billion per year and the net present value (NPV) amounts to INR7320.6 billion, signifying the ecological, socio-cultural, and environmental support wetland provides to ecosystems in Karnataka. Appraisal of ecosystem services allows for adjusted national accounts, which reflect the output of ecosystem services as well as the depletion of natural resources and the degradation costs (externalized costs of the loss of ecosystem services) of ecosystems in economic terms, which will help raise awareness and provide a quantitative tool to evaluate the sustainability of policies towards prudent management and conservation of fragile livelihood-supporting ecosystems. The monetary valuation of ecosystem services can help in building a better understanding of their influence on well-being and can further facilitate information-driven decisions and policy reforms that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the judicious use of natural resources.
{"title":"Accounting of Ecosystem Services of Wetlands in Karnataka State, India","authors":"T. Ramachandra, V. Sincy, K. S. Asulabha","doi":"10.3233/red-181201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-181201","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands are productive ecosystems, providing an array of services that sustain the well-being of dependent biota. Post industrialization and globalization era witnessed a spurt in the anthropogenic activities, leading to the degradation and decline of fragile ecosystems. This necessitates the conservation of vital ecosystems through sustainable management tenets, this requires an understanding of the livelihood support of ecosystems. The focus of the study, discussed in this article, is to understand the worth of wetlands through the accounting of provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. The provisioning services through accounting of tangible benefits (fish, fodder, water, etc.) considering residual values indicate an annual revenue of INR49.70 billion. Similarly, accounting of non-use values of ecosystems through the benefit transfer method indicates regulating and cultural services support of INR196.89 billion and INR37.93 billion per year, respectively. The annual flow of the total ecosystem supply value accounts for INR284.52 billion per year and the net present value (NPV) amounts to INR7320.6 billion, signifying the ecological, socio-cultural, and environmental support wetland provides to ecosystems in Karnataka. Appraisal of ecosystem services allows for adjusted national accounts, which reflect the output of ecosystem services as well as the depletion of natural resources and the degradation costs (externalized costs of the loss of ecosystem services) of ecosystems in economic terms, which will help raise awareness and provide a quantitative tool to evaluate the sustainability of policies towards prudent management and conservation of fragile livelihood-supporting ecosystems. The monetary valuation of ecosystem services can help in building a better understanding of their influence on well-being and can further facilitate information-driven decisions and policy reforms that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the judicious use of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85708903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India’s announcement at the Glasgow Climate Conclave in 2021, regarding the nation’s short- and long-term climate actions portrayed an ambition of becoming a green leader in the years to come. The article discusses how accountability has broad horizons which in turn is linked with legitimacy, often neglected in research and when incorporated, in relevance to India’s solar energy transition will revolve around accountability crisis. An accountability–legitimacy framework is created in which the Indian solar energy paradigm is tested where the major findings are solar uptake discrepancies, pertinent to four typologies of legitimacy—technocratic, bureaucratic, financial, and discursive.
{"title":"India’s Solar Energy Transition: a perspective of an accountability crisis","authors":"Soham Banerjee","doi":"10.3233/red-181203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-181203","url":null,"abstract":"India’s announcement at the Glasgow Climate Conclave in 2021, regarding the nation’s short- and long-term climate actions portrayed an ambition of becoming a green leader in the years to come. The article discusses how accountability has broad horizons which in turn is linked with legitimacy, often neglected in research and when incorporated, in relevance to India’s solar energy transition will revolve around accountability crisis. An accountability–legitimacy framework is created in which the Indian solar energy paradigm is tested where the major findings are solar uptake discrepancies, pertinent to four typologies of legitimacy—technocratic, bureaucratic, financial, and discursive.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84631011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：