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The Green Pen 绿笔
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120107
R. Menon
journalism in India. This increases the significance of The Green Pen, edited by Keya Acharya and Frederick Noronha from Sage. It has a wide array of interesting essays penned by active environmental journalists from India and South Asia, which gives a broad and deep perspective into the different burning issues plaguing the region. It also gives us an understanding of the varied kinds of difficulties and ironies that environmental journalists face on a daily basis. Reputed journalist and former editor Darryl D’Monte, in his foreword, talks of how things were in the seventies and eighties, and how things have changed. Though India has surmounted numerous environmental problems, media has still got to give it the importance it deserves. The environmental beat is not seen as glamorous and most newspapers and magazines do not have a single specialist journalist in this area. The end result is half-baked, poor, and sketchy reporting on environmental issues that has little or no research worth the name, while analysis and interpretation is a far cry. Ultimately, most of the time, environmental journalism ends up with statements of some activists, and quotes from the powers that be refuting the charges. Journalists Keya Acharya and Frederick Noronha have managed to get a battery of reputed writers like Pallava Bagla, Kunda Dixit, Richard Mahapatra, Max Martin, Meena Menon, Sunita Narain, Nandan Saxena, Devinder Sharma, and Kalpana Sharma to write on crucial issues that force us to think. For example, Devinder Sharma argues how the media is no more the fourth estate. He talks of the inequalities that no more outrage the elite, such as how a bunch of rich and bold people defaulted on paying back Rs 160,000 crore to the nationalized banks and got away. On other hand, a mentally deranged beggar was arrested and jailed in Delhi as he picked up a bottle of toned milk and did not pay for it. He died a week later in jail. India’s hungry and malnourished population count would be more than the combined population of the European Union. Shree Padre, an activist, farmer and journalist rolled into one, who prides in calling himself a ‘water journalist’, details the water crisis and what could be done to mitigate it. He underlines how water activism is a must for all of us as none of us would be able to survive without it. Padre details interesting media campaigns in Karnataka, Kerala, and Rajasthan where the public was made aware of water issues with a series of positive stories. It caught the imagination of the readers who moved into water conservation soon after. Sunita Narain talks of how floods happen and how we can manage them. She calls today’s floods a double tragedy of mismanagement of land and water combined with science and data mismanagement, and how this mismanagement is criminal. Keya Acharya talks about how little the gatekeepers in media houses know about environmental issues and how he had to fight his way through to make them understand the seriou
印度新闻业。这增加了《绿笔》的重要性,这本书由Sage出版社的Keya Acharya和Frederick Noronha编辑。它收录了来自印度和南亚活跃的环境记者撰写的一系列有趣的文章,对困扰该地区的各种紧迫问题提供了广泛而深入的视角。它也让我们了解到环境记者每天面临的各种困难和讽刺。著名记者和前编辑Darryl D 'Monte在他的前言中谈到了七八十年代的情况,以及情况是如何变化的。尽管印度已经克服了许多环境问题,媒体仍然应该给予它应有的重视。环境方面的报道并不引人注目,大多数报纸和杂志在这个领域都没有专门的记者。最终的结果是对环境问题的半生不熟、拙劣和粗略的报道,几乎没有名副其实的研究,而分析和解释则相去甚远。最终,大多数时候,环境新闻以一些活动家的声明和反驳指控的权力的引用而告终。记者Keya Acharya和Frederick Noronha设法找到了一批著名作家,如Pallava Bagla, Kunda Dixit, Richard Mahapatra, Max Martin, Meena Menon, Sunita Narain, Nandan Saxena, Devinder Sharma和Kalpana Sharma,他们写了一些迫使我们思考的关键问题。例如,Devinder Sharma认为媒体不再是第四阶层。他谈到了不再激怒精英阶层的不平等,比如一群富有而大胆的人如何拖欠向国有化银行偿还16万亿卢比的债务并逃脱了。另一方面,一名精神错乱的乞丐在德里被捕并入狱,因为他拿起一瓶调色牛奶却没有付钱。一周后,他在监狱中去世。印度的饥饿和营养不良人口数量将超过欧盟的人口总和。Shree Padre是一名活动家、农民和记者,他以自称为“水记者”而自豪,他详细介绍了水危机以及可以采取哪些措施来缓解这一危机。他强调,水资源行动主义对我们所有人来说都是必须的,因为没有它,我们任何人都无法生存。Padre详细介绍了卡纳塔克邦、喀拉拉邦和拉贾斯坦邦的有趣媒体活动,通过一系列积极的故事让公众意识到水问题。它引起了不久后投身节水事业的读者的想象。苏尼塔·纳拉因谈到洪水是如何发生的,以及我们如何管理它们。她把今天的洪水称为土地和水资源管理不善与科学和数据管理不善的双重悲剧,以及这种管理不善是如何犯罪的。Keya Acharya谈到媒体公司的看门人对环境问题知之甚少,他必须努力让他们了解问题的严重性并发表。可悲的是,即使是现在,情况也没有太大的不同。如果有争议,就会成为新闻,电视频道想要的是一场斗争,以及由此引发的争论。我记得《今日头条》(Headlines Today)的一位制片人曾打电话给我,问我如何确保就气候变化展开一场激烈的辩论。他还想知道那些观点不同、彼此憎恨的人的名字,这样他们就会“打架”。书评《绿笔》
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引用次数: 3
Agricultural Transformation and Food Security in India: Lessons for Southeast Asia 印度农业转型与粮食安全:东南亚的经验教训
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120100
Reshmi Banerjee
This article seeks firstly to look at the three aspects of food security in India, viz., food availability, accessibility, and absorption. Secondly, an attempt has been made to study food security in India against the backdrop of governmental programmes and NGO interventions and suggestions have been made for the future. Finally, the paper draws out similarities between India and the ASEAN countries of Indonesia and Vietnam in the arena of agricultural and rural development, both essential for food security.
本文首先着眼于印度粮食安全的三个方面,即粮食供应,可及性和吸收。其次,本文尝试在政府计划和非政府组织干预的背景下研究印度的粮食安全问题,并对未来提出建议。最后,本文指出了印度与东盟国家印度尼西亚和越南在农业和农村发展领域的相似之处,这两个领域都对粮食安全至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Managing Forest as Complex Adaptive Systems; Building Resilience to the Challenge of Global Change 作为复杂适应系统管理森林;建立抵御全球变化挑战的能力
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120108
J. Schmerbeck
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引用次数: 1
Expanding rural access to renewable energy: lessons from Sri Lanka's Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP) 扩大农村可再生能源获取:斯里兰卡能源服务交付项目的经验教训
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120105
Benjamin Sovacool
The Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP) in Sri Lanka was an exemplary renewable energy access programme. Consisting of a Credit Component, a Wind Farm Component and a Capacity Building Component, the $55.3 million ESDP successfully installed 21,000 offgrid Solar Home Systems (SHS), 31 megawatts (MW) of grid-connected mini-hydro capacity, 574 kilowatts (kW) of offgrid village hydroelectric systems serving 2,897 households, and a 3 MW grid-connected wind farm from 1997 to 2002. By the end of 2004, two years after the ESDP’s close, the Sri Lankan renewable energy industry boasted more than 40 mini-hydro developers, 10 registered solar companies, 22 registered village hydro developers and 12 village hydro equipment suppliers compared to less than three of each before the ESDP began. This study explores the dynamics of the ESDP, investigates its structure, benefits, challenges and broader implications.
斯里兰卡的能源服务交付项目(ESDP)是一个典型的可再生能源获取方案。这项价值5530万美元的ESDP项目由信贷部分、风力发电场部分和能力建设部分组成,从1997年到2002年成功安装了21,000个离网太阳能家庭系统(SHS)、31兆瓦(MW)的并网小型水力发电能力、574千瓦(kW)的离网乡村水力发电系统,为2,897户家庭提供服务,以及一个3兆瓦的并网风力发电场。到2004年底,也就是ESDP结束两年后,斯里兰卡的可再生能源产业拥有40多家小型水电开发商、10家注册太阳能公司、22家注册乡村水电开发商和12家乡村水电设备供应商,而在ESDP开始之前,每家还不到3家。本研究探讨了ESDP的动态,调查了其结构、效益、挑战和更广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 2
India's Marginal Intra-industry Trade in Selected Agricultural and Processed Food Products: The Likely Implications on Adjustment Costs and Food Security 印度选定农产品和加工食品的边际产业内贸易:对调整成本和粮食安全的可能影响
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120101
P. Varma
The present study makes an attempt to analyse the structure of India's trade in agricultural products and its possible implications on resource adjustments and food security. As per the ‘Smooth Adjustment Hypothesis’ (SAH), trade integration as a consequence of Intra Industry Trade (the simultaneous export and import of goods from the same industry) would not lead to significant adjustment costs that take place with the displacement of resources from comparatively disadvantaged industries to export oriented industries, as in the case with inter industry trade patterns. If a country is experiencing an increase in inter-industry trade, the changes in exports and imports would be unmatched and as a result the resources will be reallocated from the contracting sectors to the expanding ones. The analysis of marginal intra-industry trade (MIIT) - a dynamic measure of intra industry trade - for selected agricultural and processed food products showed that the products mainly exhibits inter industry trade structure. The study also noted an emergence of new pattern of demand on tropical agricultural products in developed countries. The shift in cropping pattern from traditional to high valued crops that we see in this paper might be due to this shift in global demand. This shift in global demand was also reflected in the expansion of the exports of non-food crops from India to world market. The trade pattern in the form of inter-industry trade in general and the expansion of the exports of high valued crops and processed food products in particular might pose serious implications on the resource adjustments as well as food security.
本研究试图分析印度农产品贸易的结构及其对资源调整和粮食安全可能产生的影响。根据“平滑调整假说”(SAH),由于产业内贸易(同一产业的货物同时出口和进口)而导致的贸易一体化,不会像产业间贸易模式那样,导致资源从相对劣势产业转移到出口导向型产业而产生重大调整成本。如果一个国家正在经历产业间贸易的增加,出口和进口的变化将是不相称的,因此资源将从收缩部门重新分配给扩大部门。对部分农产品和加工食品的边际产业内贸易(MIIT)分析表明,产品主要表现为产业间贸易结构。研究报告还指出,发达国家对热带农产品的需求出现了新的格局。我们在本文中看到的种植模式从传统作物向高价值作物的转变可能是由于全球需求的这种转变。全球需求的这种转变也反映在印度向世界市场出口非粮食作物的扩大上。一般工业间贸易形式的贸易形式,特别是高价值作物和加工食品出口的扩大,可能对资源调整和粮食安全造成严重影响。
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引用次数: 1
Reviewing Demand–Supply Balance of Foodgrains by 2020 展望2020年粮食供需平衡
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120099
V. Thorat, S. Sirohi
The demand and supply projections of foodgrain are vital for agricultural policy parameters to ensure future supply–demand balances. Several studies have forecasted foodgrain demand and supply using varied assumptions. Given the sensitivity of these estimates to the assumptions used, there are wide variations in the projections made by various researchers and inferences about the status of food security in the country. The paper synthesizes the empirical evidence on demand and supply projections of foodgrains at 2020 and concludes that the supply–demand balance would not be very comfortable in the country in the near future.
粮食需求和供应预测对于确保未来供需平衡的农业政策参数至关重要。几项研究使用不同的假设预测了粮食需求和供应。鉴于这些估计对所使用的假设的敏感性,不同研究人员对该国粮食安全状况的预测和推论存在很大差异。本文综合了2020年粮食需求和供应预测的经验证据,得出结论认为,在不久的将来,该国的供需平衡将不会很舒适。
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening Bilateral Trade Relations between India And Iran: Opportunities in Livestock Sector 加强印度和伊朗之间的双边贸易关系:畜牧业的机会
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120102
M. N. Zadeh, S. Sirohi, B. Mondal, R. Saxena
Livestock sector is an important component of the both, Indian and Iranian economy. Due to highly protected livestock markets in the developed countries and rapidly increasing demand for livestock products and inputs in Asian countries, these nations are preferred destinations of livestock products’ trade. This study identifies the potential livestock products and inputs based on Iranian and Indian trade data. The potential of Indian exports to Iran lies in the meat of bovine animals, especially frozen and boneless and also fresh and chilled boneless meat, skimmed milk powder, butter and fat-based products, bird's egg in shell, carded or combed fine animal hair, combed wool in fragments and wool tops, and vaccines for veterinary medicine. The Iranian exports to India can be enhanced in raw skins of sheep or lamb with or without wool on, tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine or equine animals, in wet or dry state, tanned or crust hides and skins of sheep and lambs without wool in wet or dry state, greasy wool and degreased wool not carded or combed.
畜牧业是印度和伊朗两国经济的重要组成部分。由于发达国家的畜牧市场受到高度保护,亚洲国家对畜牧产品和投入物的需求迅速增加,这些国家是畜牧产品贸易的首选目的地。本研究根据伊朗和印度的贸易数据确定了潜在的畜牧产品和投入品。印度向伊朗出口的潜力在于牛肉,特别是冷冻和无骨肉以及新鲜和冷藏无骨肉、脱脂奶粉、黄油和脂肪产品、带壳鸟蛋、梳理或精梳的动物细毛、精梳羊毛碎片和毛头,以及兽药疫苗。伊朗对印度的出口可以增加:带或不带羊毛的绵羊或羔羊的生皮、鞣制或硬皮、牛或马的动物皮(湿或干)、鞣制或硬皮、无羊毛的绵羊和羔羊皮(湿或干)、含油羊毛和未梳理的脱脂羊毛。
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引用次数: 0
Willingness to Pay for Electricity Supply Improvements in Rural India 为改善印度农村电力供应买单的意愿
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120104
H. Gunatilake, Narasimhamurty Maddipati, S. Patil
This study undertakes a survey using a random sample of 2083 households in rural Madhya Pradesh, India, to estimate benefits of improved electricity supply to rural households. The survey estimated that the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a household for improved service is 340 per month, on average. Results of this study support similar investments in other states of India with similar electricity services and socio-economic characteristics. Simulations using the estimated WTP function show possibility of progressive tariff increase as household income increases. Block and flat tariff show similar impacts on revenue generation but block tariffs have the ability to induce energy conservation at household level. This study casts doubts about the need for subsidies for below poverty line and scheduled caste households.
本研究对印度中央邦农村的2083户家庭进行随机抽样调查,以估计改善农村家庭电力供应的好处。该调查估计,每个家庭为改善服务的支付意愿(WTP)平均每月为340英镑。这项研究的结果支持在印度其他具有类似电力服务和社会经济特征的邦进行类似的投资。使用估计WTP函数的模拟显示,随着家庭收入的增加,累进关税可能会增加。整体关税和统一关税对创收的影响相似,但整体关税有能力在家庭层面诱导节能。这项研究对贫困线以下和计划中的种姓家庭是否需要补贴提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 7
Climate Change in Indonesia: A Glimpse of Riau and East Kalimantan 印尼的气候变化:廖内省和东加里曼丹一瞥
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/RED-120097
Reshmi Banerjee
Indonesia is the largest and widest archipelago in the world with a coastline length of 81,000 km alongwith 17,508 islands, which makes it one of the most vulnerable countries to climatic changes. This paper focusses on the climatic changes in Indonesia with special reference to Riau and East Kalimantan. It is based on secondary literature and examines the effects of greenhouse emissions, deforestation, changes in land use, etc. on environment, biodiversity, and livelihood options of the people living there. Finally, the article explores the national/governmental efforts and the international assistance provided to help Indonesia deal better with climate change adaptation. The future priority areas of intervention would be decentralized risk reduction initiatives and resource conservation, educating farmers and vulnerable communities, coastal area research, local interventions, and coordination between the provinces.
印度尼西亚是世界上最大、最宽的群岛,海岸线长达8.1万公里,有17508个岛屿,这使它成为最容易受到气候变化影响的国家之一。本文以廖内省和东加里曼丹省为例,重点研究了印尼的气候变化。它以二手文献为基础,研究了温室气体排放、森林砍伐、土地利用变化等对环境、生物多样性和生活在那里的人们的生计选择的影响。最后,文章探讨了国家/政府的努力和国际援助,以帮助印度尼西亚更好地应对气候变化适应。未来的优先干预领域将是分散的减少风险倡议和资源保护、教育农民和弱势社区、沿海地区研究、地方干预和各省之间的协调。
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引用次数: 1
A forest history of India 印度的森林史
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/red-120004
J. Puyravaud
{"title":"A forest history of India","authors":"J. Puyravaud","doi":"10.3233/red-120004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/red-120004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79817954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development
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