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Development and evaluation of the channel routing model and parameters within the National Water Model 国家水模型中河道路径模型和参数的开发和评估
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13134
L. K. Read, D. N. Yates, J. M. McCreight, A. Rafieeinasab, K. Sampson, D. J. Gochis

The National Water Model (NWM) was deployed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to simulate operational forecasts of hydrologic states across the continental United States. This paper describes the geospatial river network (“hydro-fabric”), physics, and parameters of the NWM, elucidating the challenges of extrapolating parameters a large scale with limited observations. A set of regression-based channel geometry parameters are evaluated for a subset of the 2.7 million NWM reaches, and the riverine compound channel scheme is described. Based on the results from regional streamflow experiments within the broader NWM context, the compound channel reduced the root mean squared error by 2% and improved median Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency by 16% compared with a non-compound formulation. Peak event analysis from 910 peak flow events across 26 basins matched from the US Flash Flood Observation Database revealed that the mean timing error is 3 h lagged behind the observations. The routing time step was also tested, for 5-min (default, operational setting) and 1-h increments. The model was computationally stable and able to convey the flood peaks, although the hydrograph shape and peak timing were altered.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局部署了国家水模型(NWM),以模拟美国大陆水文状态的运行预测。本文描述了NWM的地理空间河网(“水文结构”)、物理和参数,阐明了在有限观测的情况下大规模外推参数的挑战。针对2.7的子集评估一组基于回归的通道几何参数 万NWM河段,并介绍了河流复合河道方案。基于更广泛的NWM背景下的区域径流实验结果,与非复合配方相比,复合配方将均方根误差降低了2%,并将Nash-Sutcliffe中值效率提高了16%。根据美国山洪观测数据库对26个流域910个峰值流量事件进行的峰值事件分析显示,平均时间误差为3 h落后于观测结果。还测试了路由时间步长,增量为5分钟(默认,操作设置)和1小时。该模型在计算上是稳定的,能够传达洪峰,尽管过程线形状和洪峰时间发生了变化。
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引用次数: 0
Featured collection introduction: Water resources planning and management under changing conditions—Experience of Illinois 精选集简介:变化条件下的水资源规划与管理——伊利诺伊州的经验
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13139
Laura L. Keefer
<p>The ISWS, along with the Illinois Natural History Survey (est. 1861) and Illinois State Geological Survey (est. 1905), were transferred out of the University of Illinois in 1917 to be administered by the Illinois Department of Registration and Education, eventually being transferred to the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and then to a new Illinois Department of Natural Resources. In 2008, the Scientific Surveys came home to where it all started, the University of Illinois, under the umbrella of the Prairie Research Institute with the addition of the Illinois Sustainability and Technology Center and Illinois State Archeological Survey. Together, the Prairie Research Institute has over 800 scientists, technicians, post-docs, research affiliates, visiting scholars, students, and administrative support staff, conducting transformative science that benefits the people, economy, and environment of Illinois, the nation, and the world. From their inception, the Scientific Surveys have always been located on the University of Illinois campus and continues to capitalize on the mutual benefits of collaboration with faculty and staff.</p><p>The papers presented in this special issue marking the 125th anniversary founding of the ISWS are but a representation of the current contributions and research being conducted by ISWS scientists and colleagues, aiming to demonstrate what Illinois experiences in water resources planning and management under changing conditions, especially changing climate. They build on water supply planning legacy by incorporating future demands and climate uncertainties in Illinois, including the major updating of Illinois precipitation frequency standards. The theme of understanding uncertainties and bias continues in evaluating groundwater static head measurements to understand water-level variability. Of course, projecting climate change impacts is paramount to many water resource issues and authors discuss which climate ensemble approaches produce less uncertain climate model outputs. Nutrient losses in US agricultural lands are an issue not only for loss of crop production but downstream impacts. Winter cover crops have much promise for reducing nitrate, phosphorus, and sediment loads. Authors present possible detrimental impacts on storage volumes for downstream reservoirs in drought years. An Illinois River watershed analysis presents evidence that spatial and temporal shift in phosphorus loading affects recent increases in phosphorus despite point and nonpoint source efforts. The ISWS has long-term datasets which contributed to improved model calibration to capture chloride accumulation in shallow aquifers. Reservoirs serve populations and industry so understanding outflows from them is important for water resource planning and management. Comparing performance of three machine learning models shows promise for simulating reservoir outflow. Finally, colleagues in Illinois and China test a theoretical frame
ISWS,连同伊利诺伊州自然历史调查局(est.1961)和伊利诺伊州地质调查局(est.1905),于1917年从伊利诺伊大学转出,由伊利诺伊州注册和教育部管理,最终被转移到伊利诺伊州能源和自然资源部,然后转移到新的伊利诺伊州自然资源部。2008年,科学调查回到了它的起点伊利诺伊大学,在草原研究所的保护下,增加了伊利诺伊州可持续发展与技术中心和伊利诺伊州考古调查。草原研究所共有800多名科学家、技术人员、博士后、研究附属机构、访问学者、学生和行政支持人员,从事有利于伊利诺伊州、国家和世界人民、经济和环境的变革性科学。从一开始,科学调查就一直位于伊利诺伊大学校园内,并继续利用与教职员工合作的共同利益。本期纪念ISWS成立125周年的特刊中发表的论文只是ISWS科学家和同事目前的贡献和研究的代表,旨在展示伊利诺伊州在不断变化的条件下,特别是在气候变化的情况下,在水资源规划和管理方面的经验。他们在供水规划遗产的基础上,结合了伊利诺伊州的未来需求和气候不确定性,包括伊利诺伊州降水频率标准的重大更新。理解不确定性和偏差的主题继续评估地下水静压头测量,以了解水位变化。当然,预测气候变化的影响对许多水资源问题至关重要,作者讨论了哪些气候综合方法产生的不确定性较小的气候模型输出。美国农业用地的养分损失不仅是作物产量损失的问题,也是下游影响的问题。冬季覆盖作物在减少硝酸盐、磷和沉积物负荷方面有很大的前景。作者提出了干旱年份对下游水库蓄水量可能产生的不利影响。伊利诺伊河流域分析表明,尽管有点源和非点源的努力,但磷负荷的空间和时间变化会影响近期磷的增加。ISWS拥有长期数据集,有助于改进模型校准,以捕获浅层含水层中的氯化物积累。水库为人口和工业服务,因此了解水库的流出对水资源规划和管理至关重要。比较三种机器学习模型的性能表明,它们有望模拟油藏出流。最后,伊利诺伊州和中国的同事测试了一个理论框架,以更好地理解水文事件的双变量重现期,这对水工结构的设计标准很重要。ISWS继续发展和调整研究需求,如前125所示 年,并期待在未来125年向社会提供基于科学的信息 年。为了进一步了解ISWS的历史,建议使用以下出版物:
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引用次数: 0
Integrated water resources trend assessments: State of the science, challenges, and opportunities for advancement 水资源综合趋势评估:科学现状、挑战和发展机遇
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13137
Sarah M. Stackpoole, Gretchen P. Oelsner, Edward G. Stets, Jory S. Hecht, Zachary C. Johnson, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Michelle A. Walvoord, Jeff G. Chanat, Krista A. Dunne, Phillip J. Goodling, Bruce D. Lindsey, Mike R. Meador, Sarah A. Spaulding

Water is vital to human life and healthy ecosystems. Here we outline the current state of national-scale water resources trend assessments, identify key gaps, and suggest advancements to better address critical issues related to changes in water resources that may threaten human development or the environment. Questions like, “Do we have less suitable drinking water now than we had 20 years ago?” or “Are flood events more common now than they were in the past?” prompted improvements in data, trend estimation methods, and modeling frameworks to track changes in, and better understand how land use and climate influence four water resources domains: surface and groundwater quantity and quality. However, continued advancement in trend assessments to better address issues related to changes in water availability is needed. Areas of need include more timely and efficient delivery of water resources trend results and improved capacity to estimate trends at unmonitored locations. Additional integration pieces include increased understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions, incorporation of both quantity and quality trends into water availability estimates, and the refinement of trend metrics to account for the competing needs of society and ecological integrity. Coupled with improved driver attribution studies, these components will better inform current and future water resources management.

水对于人类生活和健康的生态系统至关重要。在此,我们概述了国家级水资源趋势评估的现状,找出了主要差距,并提出了改进建议,以更好地应对与可能威胁人类发展或环境的水资源变化有关的关键问题。"与 20 年前相比,我们现在的饮用水是否更不合适?"或 "与过去相比,现在的洪水事件是否更常见?"这些问题促使我们改进数据、趋势评估方法和建模框架,以跟踪土地利用和气候如何影响地表水和地下水的数量和质量这四个水资源领域的变化,并更好地理解这些变化。然而,还需要继续推进趋势评估,以更好地解决与可用水量变化相关的问题。需求领域包括更及时、更高效地提供水资源趋势结果,以及提高估算未监测地点趋势的能力。其他整合内容包括加深对地下水-地表水相互作用的理解,将水量和水质趋势纳入可用水量估算,以及完善趋势衡量标准,以考虑到社会和生态完整性之间相互竞争的需求。这些内容与改进的驱动因素归因研究相结合,将为当前和未来的水资源管理提供更好的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Comments about selected recession parameters 关于选定衰退参数的评论
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13136
Albert T. Rutledge

Recession analysis can be used for qualitative comparisons between basins and for quantitative analysis involving the slope and the shape of the recession curve. The groundwater-level recession hydrograph can be used to derive an estimate of the hydraulic diffusivity of a surficial aquifer. The recession index can be obtained from streamflow data and from a formulation that includes aquifer properties. The analysis of the method reveals nonlinear recession which can result from the down-valley flow component, a dual-aquifer effect, and leakage to or from the aquifer. Important concepts include the dominant recession index and secondary recession characteristics which can affect low flow. Under conditions of down-valley flow, the cross-valley flow component tends to be important for determining recession characteristics, including hydraulic diffusivity and the recession index. These findings are relevant to another recession parameter a which is the distance from the stream to the hydrologic divide and results are supported by test simulations of a technique for estimating recharge.

衰退分析可用于流域之间的定性比较,也可用于涉及衰退曲线斜率和形状的定量分析。地下水位衰退水文图可用来估算表层含水层的水力扩散率。衰退指数可从溪流数据和包含含水层特性的公式中获得。对该方法的分析表明,非线性衰退可能是由下溪流成分、双重含水层效应以及含水层的渗漏造成的。重要的概念包括主导衰退指数和可能影响低流量的次级衰退特征。在顺水流条件下,跨水流成分往往对确定退水特征(包括水力扩散率和退水指数)很重要。这些发现与另一个衰退参数 a 有关,即从溪流到水文分界线的距离。
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引用次数: 0
The geography and socioeconomic characteristics of U.S. households reliant on private wells and septic systems 依赖私人水井和化粪池系统的美国家庭的地理和社会经济特征
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13135
Ariana Hernandez, Gregory Pierce

Households reliant on unregulated, non-grid water and sanitation infrastructure, like private wells and septic systems, face water quality and reliability deficiencies and associated negative impacts on human health at greater proportions than households reliant on publicly-regulated, water and sewage systems. This study uses the 2019 American Housing Survey to produce the first joint, nationally-representative analysis of household reliance on wells and septics in decades. We find that there are lower proportions of U.S. households off the regulated water grid than other contemporary estimates. We also find that while 9.1% of U.S. households rely on both private well and septics simultaneously, a slightly higher proportion of households rely on only one of these systems, with the companion infrastructure being publicly regulated. Our results show that both private well and septic reliant households are much more likely to be non-Hispanic White, live in a single family home (a detached or attached one-family dwelling) or mobile home (a portable habitable structure that was originally fitted with wheels to facilitate movement), and to live outside a metropolitan area than those reliant on publicly regulated service. Yet, surprisingly both private well and septic reliant households do not have lower average incomes than households reliant on regulated systems. These results suggest that federal, state and local financial assistance, technical assistance and educational programs can be better targeted to ensure that in-need private well and septic reliant households can operate and maintain their essential water and sanitation infrastructure.

与依赖公共监管的供水和污水处理系统的家庭相比,依赖私人水井和化粪池系统等不受监管的非电网供水和卫生基础设施的家庭面临着水质和可靠性缺陷以及相关的对人类健康的负面影响。本研究利用 2019 年美国住房调查,对几十年来依赖水井和化粪池的家庭进行了首次具有全国代表性的联合分析。我们发现,与其他当代估计相比,美国家庭中不使用受监管水网的比例较低。我们还发现,虽然有 9.1% 的美国家庭同时依赖私人水井和化粪池,但仅依赖其中一个系统的家庭比例略高,而配套的基础设施则受公共监管。我们的研究结果表明,与依赖公共监管服务的家庭相比,同时依赖私人水井和化粪池的家庭更有可能是非西班牙裔白人、居住在单户住宅(独立或相连的单户住宅)或活动房屋(最初装有轮子以方便移动的便携式可居住建筑)中,以及居住在大都会地区以外。然而,令人惊讶的是,依赖私人水井和化粪池的家庭的平均收入并不比依赖规范系统的家庭低。这些结果表明,联邦、州和地方的财政援助、技术援助和教育计划可以更有针对性,以确保依赖私人水井和化粪池的贫困家庭能够运营和维护其基本的水和卫生基础设施。
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引用次数: 0
Disease Burden on a Riverine Population Dependent on a Peri-urban River: Insights from Hospitalization Data in Akonolinga, Cameroon 依赖城市周边河流的河流人口的疾病负担:来自喀麦隆Akonolinga住院数据的见解
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-2-1
Anyizi Bertha Nkemnyi, Lucy Mange Ndip, Benedicta Oshuware Oben, Oben Pius Mbu, Tambekong Talkspeak Arrey, Mbeng Ashu Arrey
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引用次数: 0
Water supply, waste assimilation, and low-flow issues facing the Southeast Piedmont Interstate-85 urban archipelago 东南皮埃蒙特85号州际公路城市群岛面临的供水、废物吸收和低流量问题
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13130
C. Rhett Jackson, Seth J. Wenger, Brian P. Bledsoe, J. Marshall Shepherd, Krista A. Capps, Amy D. Rosemond, Michael J. Paul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Ke Li, Timothy Stephens, Todd C. Rasmussen

Rapidly growing cities along the Interstate-85 corridor from Atlanta, GA, to Raleigh, NC, rely on small rivers for water supply and waste assimilation. These rivers share commonalities including water supply stress during droughts, seasonally low flows for wastewater dilution, increasing drought and precipitation extremes, downstream eutrophication issues, and high regional aquatic diversity. Further challenges include rapid growth; sprawl that exacerbates water quality and infrastructure issues; water infrastructure that spans numerous counties and municipalities; and large numbers of septic systems. Holistic multi-jurisdiction cooperative water resource planning along with policy and infrastructure modifications is necessary to adapt to population growth and climate. We propose six actions to improve water infrastructure resilience: increase water-use efficiency by municipal, industrial, agricultural, and thermoelectric power sectors; adopt indirect potable reuse or closed loop systems; allow for water sharing during droughts but regulate inter-basin transfers to protect aquatic ecosystems; increase nutrient recovery and reduce discharges of carbon and nutrients in effluents; employ green infrastructure and better stormwater management to reduce nonpoint pollutant loadings and mitigate urban heat island effects; and apply the CRIDA framework to incorporate climate and hydrologic uncertainty into water planning.

从佐治亚州亚特兰大到北卡罗来纳州罗利的85号州际公路走廊沿线快速发展的城市依靠小型河流供水和废物吸收。这些河流有共同点,包括干旱期间的供水压力、废水稀释的季节性低流量、极端干旱和降水的增加、下游富营养化问题以及高区域水生生物多样性。进一步的挑战包括快速增长;蔓延加剧了水质和基础设施问题;横跨多个县和市的水利基础设施;以及大量的化粪池系统。为了适应人口增长和气候,有必要进行全面的多管辖区合作水资源规划,同时修改政策和基础设施。我们提出了六项行动来提高水基础设施的弹性:提高市政、工业、农业和热电部门的用水效率;采用间接饮用水再利用或闭环系统;允许在干旱期间共享水资源,但规范流域间转移,以保护水生生态系统;提高养分回收率,减少废水中碳和养分的排放;采用绿色基础设施和更好的雨水管理,以减少非点污染物负荷并减轻城市热岛效应;并应用CRIDA框架将气候和水文不确定性纳入水资源规划。
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引用次数: 0
Groundwater Level Depletion Assessment of Dhaka City Using MODFLOW 基于MODFLOW的达喀市地下水位枯竭评价
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-1-4
Anika Mahzabin, Md. Jakir Hossain, Siam Alam, Shams E Shifat, Anika Yunus
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引用次数: 0
Temporal trends in agricultural water use and the relationships to hydroclimatic factors in the High Plains aquifer region 高平原含水层农业用水的时间趋势及其与水文气候因素的关系
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13133
Lei Ji, Gabriel B. Senay

The High Plains aquifer (HPA) is the primary water source for agricultural irrigation in the US Great Plains. The water levels in many locations of the aquifer have declined steadily over the past several decades because the rate of water withdrawals exceeds recharge, which has been a serious concern to the water resources management in the region. We evaluated temporal trends and variations in agricultural water use and hydroclimatic variables including precipitation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater level, and terrestrial water storage across the HPA region for different periods from 1985 to 2020 at the grid, county, or region scale. The results showed that water withdrawals decreased from 21.3 km3/year in 1985 to 18.2 km3/year in 2015, while irrigated croplands increased from 71,928 km2 in 1985 to 78,464 km2 in 2015 in the entire HPA. The hydroclimatic time-series showed wetting trends in most of the northern HPA, but drying and warming trends in the southern region from 1985 to 2020. The groundwater level time-series indicated flat trends in the north, but significant declining in the central and southern HPA. Trends in irrigation water withdrawals and irrigation area across the HPA were controlled by the advancement of irrigation systems and technologies and the management of sustainable water use, but also were affected by dynamical changes in the hydroclimatic conditions.

高平原含水层(HPA)是美国大平原农业灌溉的主要水源。在过去几十年中,含水层许多地方的水位稳步下降,因为取水速度超过了补给速度,这一直是该地区水资源管理的一个严重问题。我们在网格、县或地区尺度上评估了1985年至2020年不同时期HPA地区农业用水和水文气候变量的时间趋势和变化,包括降水、气温、参考蒸散、径流、地下水位和陆地蓄水量。结果显示,抽水量从21.3下降 km3/年(1985年至18.2年) 2015年km3/年,而灌溉农田从71928亩增加 1985年至78464平方公里 2015年,整个HPA面积为km2。1985年至2020年,水文气候时间序列显示,北部HPA大部分地区呈湿润趋势,但南部地区呈干燥和变暖趋势。地下水位时间序列显示,北部呈平缓趋势,但中部和南部HPA呈显著下降趋势。整个HPA的灌溉用水和灌溉面积的趋势受到灌溉系统和技术的进步以及可持续用水管理的控制,但也受到水文气候条件的动态变化的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Proposal for a Rainwater Drainage Method for the Village of Taïba Niassene Taïba Niassene村雨水排水方法建议
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-1-3
Ndiouga Camara, Mouhamadou Moustapha Mbacké Ndour, Ndèye Khady Tounkara, S. Tamba
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引用次数: 0
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