In a previous paper (Ryazanov (2011)) with the joint statistical distribution for the energy and lifetime (time to achieve a given level of a stochastic process for energy of system) to derive thermodynamic relationships, clarifying similar expressions of extended irreversible thermodynamics we used an exponential distribution of lifetime. In this paper, we explore a more realistic expression for the distribution of time to achieve a given level of a stochastic process for energy of system (or relaxation times or lifetimes), and we analyse how such distribution affects the corresponding expressions of nonequilibrium entropy, temperature, and entropy production.
{"title":"Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Distributions Time to Achieve a Given Level of a Stochastic Process for Energy of System","authors":"V. Ryazanov","doi":"10.1155/2012/318032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/318032","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous paper (Ryazanov (2011)) with the joint statistical distribution for the energy and lifetime (time to achieve a given level of a stochastic process for energy of system) to derive thermodynamic relationships, clarifying similar expressions of extended irreversible thermodynamics we used an exponential distribution of lifetime. In this paper, we explore a more realistic expression for the distribution of time to achieve a given level of a stochastic process for energy of system (or relaxation times or lifetimes), and we analyse how such distribution affects the corresponding expressions of nonequilibrium entropy, temperature, and entropy production.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daming Gao, Hui Zhang, P. Lücking, Hong-Mei Sun, Jingyu Si, Dechun Zhu, H. Chen, Jianjun Shi
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the strongly associated ternary system methanol + water + ethanoic acid and the three constituent binary systems have been determined by the total pressure-temperature-liquid-phase composition-molar excess enthalpy of mixing of the liquid phase ( , , , ) for the binary systems using a novel pump ebulliometer at 101.325 kPa. The vapor-phase compositions of these binary systems had been calculated from and based on the function of molar excess Gibbs energy through an indirect method. Moreover, the experimental , data are used to estimate nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), Wilson, Margules, and van Laar model parameters, and these parameters in turn are used to calculate vapor-phase compositions. The activity coefficients of the solution were correlated with NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and van Laar models through fitting by least-squares method. The VLE data of the ternary system were well predicted from these binary interaction parameters of NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and van Laar model parameters without any additional adjustment to build the thermodynamic model of VLE for the ternary system and obtain the vapor-phase compositions and the calculated bubble points.
{"title":"Computation of Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Methanol, Water, and Ethanoic Acid from T, p, x, and HmE Measurements","authors":"Daming Gao, Hui Zhang, P. Lücking, Hong-Mei Sun, Jingyu Si, Dechun Zhu, H. Chen, Jianjun Shi","doi":"10.1155/2012/641251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/641251","url":null,"abstract":"Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the strongly associated ternary system methanol + water + ethanoic acid and the three constituent binary systems have been determined by the total pressure-temperature-liquid-phase composition-molar excess enthalpy of mixing of the liquid phase ( , , , ) for the binary systems using a novel pump ebulliometer at 101.325 kPa. The vapor-phase compositions of these binary systems had been calculated from and based on the <path id=\"x1D444\" d=\"M745 361q0 -134 -83.5 -233t-214.5 -130l16 -11q97 -67 250 -132l-8 -23q-76 3 -131 16q-81 19 -242 125l-20 13q-129 8 -209 91t-80 208q0 160 116 271t289 111q136 0 226.5 -83t90.5 -223zM645 356q0 127 -57.5 201.5t-169.5 74.5q-126 0 -210.5 -104.5t-84.5 -248.5q0 -97 46 -166.5t129 -87.5l84 15l29 -19q104 21 169 121.5t65 213.5z\" /> function of molar excess Gibbs energy through an indirect method. Moreover, the experimental , data are used to estimate nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), Wilson, Margules, and van Laar model parameters, and these parameters in turn are used to calculate vapor-phase compositions. The activity coefficients of the solution were correlated with NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and van Laar models through fitting by least-squares method. The VLE data of the ternary system were well predicted from these binary interaction parameters of NRTL, Wilson, Margules, and van Laar model parameters without any additional adjustment to build the thermodynamic model of VLE for the ternary system and obtain the vapor-phase compositions and the calculated bubble points.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91130011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mazzer, J. C. O. Santos, V. F. Cabral, C. Dariva, M. H. Kunita, A. Rubira, M. Aznar, L. Cardozo-Filho
High pressure phase behavior experimental data have been measured for the systems carbon dioxide (CO2)
测量了该系统二氧化碳(CO2)的高压相行为实验数据。
{"title":"Phase Behavior at High Pressure of the Ternary System: CO2, Ionic Liquid and Disperse Dye","authors":"H. Mazzer, J. C. O. Santos, V. F. Cabral, C. Dariva, M. H. Kunita, A. Rubira, M. Aznar, L. Cardozo-Filho","doi":"10.1155/2012/921693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/921693","url":null,"abstract":"High pressure phase behavior experimental data have been measured for the systems carbon dioxide (CO2)","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82809982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of combined heat and mass transfer by natural convection over a sphere in a homogenous non-Darcian porous medium subjected to uniform magnetic field is numerically studied, taking Soret/Dufour effects into account. The coupled, steady, and laminar partial differential conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species diffusion are normalized with appropriate transformations. The resulting well-posed two-point boundary value problem is solved using the well-tested, extensively validated Keller-Box implicit finite difference method, with physically realistic boundary conditions. A parametric study of the influence of Soret number (Sr), Dufour number (Du), Forchheimer parameter (Λ), Darcy parameter (Da), buoyancy ratio parameter (𝑁), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), magnetohydrodynamic body force parameter (𝑀), wall transpiration (𝑓𝑤) is the blowing/suction parameter, and streamwise variable (ξ) on velocity, temperature, and concentration function evolution in the boundary layer regime is presented. Shear stress, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number distributions are also computed. Applications of the study arise in hydromagnetic flow control of conducting transport in packed beds, magnetic materials processing, geophysical energy systems, and magnetohydrodynamic chromatography technology.
{"title":"Thermo-Diffusion and Diffusion-Thermo Effects on MHD Free Convective Heat and Mass Transfer from a Sphere Embedded in a Non-Darcian Porous Medium","authors":"B. Vasu, V. Prasad, O. Bég","doi":"10.1155/2012/725142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/725142","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of combined heat and mass transfer by natural convection over a sphere in a homogenous non-Darcian porous medium subjected to uniform magnetic field is numerically studied, taking Soret/Dufour effects into account. The coupled, steady, and laminar partial differential conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species diffusion are normalized with appropriate transformations. The resulting well-posed two-point boundary value problem is solved using the well-tested, extensively validated Keller-Box implicit finite difference method, with physically realistic boundary conditions. A parametric study of the influence of Soret number (Sr), Dufour number (Du), Forchheimer parameter (Λ), Darcy parameter (Da), buoyancy ratio parameter (𝑁), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), magnetohydrodynamic body force parameter (𝑀), wall transpiration (𝑓𝑤) is the blowing/suction parameter, and streamwise variable (ξ) on velocity, temperature, and concentration function evolution in the boundary layer regime is presented. Shear stress, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number distributions are also computed. Applications of the study arise in hydromagnetic flow control of conducting transport in packed beds, magnetic materials processing, geophysical energy systems, and magnetohydrodynamic chromatography technology.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86148181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Signal transduction inside and across the cells, also called cellular signaling, is key to most biological functions and is ultimately related with both life and death of the organisms. The processes giving rise to the propagation of biosignals are complex and extremely cooperative and occur in a far-from thermodynamic equilibrium regime. They are also driven by activation kinetics strongly dependent on local energetics. For these reasons, a nonequilibrium thermodynamical description, taking into account not just the activation of second messengers, but also transport processes and dissipation is desirable. Here we present a proposal for such a formalism, that considers cells as small thermodynamical systems and incorporates the role of fluctuations as intrinsic to the dynamics in a spirit guided by mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We present also a minimal model for cellular signaling that includes contributions from activation, transport, and intrinsic fluctuations. We finally illustrate its feasibility by considering the case of FAS signaling which is a vital signal transduction pathway that determines either cell survival or death by apoptosis.
{"title":"Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Cell Signaling","authors":"E. Hernández-Lemus","doi":"10.1155/2012/432143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/432143","url":null,"abstract":"Signal transduction inside and across the cells, also called cellular signaling, is key to most biological functions and is ultimately related with both life and death of the organisms. The processes giving rise to the propagation of biosignals are complex and extremely cooperative and occur in a far-from thermodynamic equilibrium regime. They are also driven by activation kinetics strongly dependent on local energetics. For these reasons, a nonequilibrium thermodynamical description, taking into account not just the activation of second messengers, but also transport processes and dissipation is desirable. Here we present a proposal for such a formalism, that considers cells as small thermodynamical systems and incorporates the role of fluctuations as intrinsic to the dynamics in a spirit guided by mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We present also a minimal model for cellular signaling that includes contributions from activation, transport, and intrinsic fluctuations. We finally illustrate its feasibility by considering the case of FAS signaling which is a vital signal transduction pathway that determines either cell survival or death by apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91288794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The compact thermodynamic approach to the systems containing calcium, magnesium, and carbonate species is referred to dissolution of dolomite, as an example of nonequilibrium ternary salt when introduced into aqueous media. The study of dolomite is based on all attainable physicochemical knowledge, involved in expressions for equilibrium constants, where the species of the system are interrelated. The species are also involved in charge and concentration balances, considered as constraints put on a closed system, separated from the environment by diathermal walls. The inferences are gained from calculations performed with use of an iterative computer program. The simulated quasistatic processes occurred under isothermal conditions, started at a preassumed pH0 value of the solution where dolomite was introduced, and are usually involved with formation of other solid phases. None simplifying assumptions in the calculations were made.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Modelling of Dolomite Behavior in Aqueous Media","authors":"T. Michałowski, A. Asuero","doi":"10.1155/2012/723052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/723052","url":null,"abstract":"The compact thermodynamic approach to the systems containing calcium, magnesium, and carbonate species is referred to dissolution of dolomite, as an example of nonequilibrium ternary salt when introduced into aqueous media. The study of dolomite is based on all attainable physicochemical knowledge, involved in expressions for equilibrium constants, where the species of the system are interrelated. The species are also involved in charge and concentration balances, considered as constraints put on a closed system, separated from the environment by diathermal walls. The inferences are gained from calculations performed with use of an iterative computer program. The simulated quasistatic processes occurred under isothermal conditions, started at a preassumed pH0 value of the solution where dolomite was introduced, and are usually involved with formation of other solid phases. None simplifying assumptions in the calculations were made.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reactions associated with removal of oxygen from oxygenates (deoxygenation) are an important aspect of hydrocarbon fuels production process from biorenewable substrates. Here we report the equilibrium composition of methanol-to-hydrocarbon system by minimizing the total Gibbs energy of the system using Cantera methodology. The system was treated as a mixture of 14 components which had CH3OH, C6H6, C7H8, C8H10 (ethyl benzene), C8H10 (xylenes), C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, CH4, H2O, C, CO2, CO, H2. The carbon in the equilibrium mixture was used as a measure of coke formation which causes deactivation of catalysts that are used in aromatization reaction(s). Equilibrium compositions of each species were analyzed for temperatures ranging from 300 to 1380 K and pressure at 0–15 atm gauge. It was observed that when the temperature increases the mole fractions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene pass through a maximum around 1020 K. At 300 K the most abundant species in the system were CH4, CO2, and H2O with mole fractions 50%, 16.67%, and 33.33%, respectively. Similarly at high temperature (1380 K), the most abundant species in the system were H2 and CO with mole fractions 64.5% and 32.6% respectively. The pressure in the system shows a significant impact on the composition of species.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis of Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons Using Cantera Methodology","authors":"D. A. Gunawardena, S. Fernando","doi":"10.1155/2012/125460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/125460","url":null,"abstract":"Reactions associated with removal of oxygen from oxygenates (deoxygenation) are an important aspect of hydrocarbon fuels production process from biorenewable substrates. Here we report the equilibrium composition of methanol-to-hydrocarbon system by minimizing the total Gibbs energy of the system using Cantera methodology. The system was treated as a mixture of 14 components which had CH3OH, C6H6, C7H8, C8H10 (ethyl benzene), C8H10 (xylenes), C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, CH4, H2O, C, CO2, CO, H2. The carbon in the equilibrium mixture was used as a measure of coke formation which causes deactivation of catalysts that are used in aromatization reaction(s). Equilibrium compositions of each species were analyzed for temperatures ranging from 300 to 1380 K and pressure at 0–15 atm gauge. It was observed that when the temperature increases the mole fractions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene pass through a maximum around 1020 K. At 300 K the most abundant species in the system were CH4, CO2, and H2O with mole fractions 50%, 16.67%, and 33.33%, respectively. Similarly at high temperature (1380 K), the most abundant species in the system were H2 and CO with mole fractions 64.5% and 32.6% respectively. The pressure in the system shows a significant impact on the composition of species.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79115100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ideal gas (IG) model is probably the most well-known gas models in engineering thermodynamics. In this paper, we extend the IG model into an ideal gas equilibrium (IGE model) mixture model by incorporating chemical equilibrium calculations as part of the state evaluation. Through a simple graphical interface, users can set the atomic composition of a gas mixture. We have integrated this model into a thermodynamic web portal TEST (http://thermofluids.sdsu.edu/) that contains Java applets for various models for properties of pure substances. In the state panel of the IGE model, the known thermodynamic properties are entered. For a given pressure and temperature, the mixture's Gibbs function is minimized subject to atomic constraints and the equilibrium composition along with thermodynamic properties of the mixture are calculated and displayed. What is unique about this approach is that equilibrium computations are performed in the background, without requiring any major change in the familiar user interface used in other state daemons. Properties calculated by this equilibrium state daemon are compared with results from other established applications such as NASA CEA and STANJAN. Also, two different algorithms, an iterative approach and a direct approach based on minimizing different thermodynamic functions in different situation, are compared.
{"title":"IGE Model: An Extension of the Ideal Gas Model to Include Chemical Composition as Part of the Equilibrium State","authors":"C. Paolini, S. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1155/2012/870631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/870631","url":null,"abstract":"The ideal gas (IG) model is probably the most well-known gas models in engineering thermodynamics. In this paper, we extend the IG model into an ideal gas equilibrium (IGE model) mixture model by incorporating chemical equilibrium calculations as part of the state evaluation. Through a simple graphical interface, users can set the atomic composition of a gas mixture. We have integrated this model into a thermodynamic web portal TEST (http://thermofluids.sdsu.edu/) that contains Java applets for various models for properties of pure substances. In the state panel of the IGE model, the known thermodynamic properties are entered. For a given pressure and temperature, the mixture's Gibbs function is minimized subject to atomic constraints and the equilibrium composition along with thermodynamic properties of the mixture are calculated and displayed. What is unique about this approach is that equilibrium computations are performed in the background, without requiring any major change in the familiar user interface used in other state daemons. Properties calculated by this equilibrium state daemon are compared with results from other established applications such as NASA CEA and STANJAN. Also, two different algorithms, an iterative approach and a direct approach based on minimizing different thermodynamic functions in different situation, are compared.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90590268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equilibrium molecular interactions in pure real gases are investigated based on the chemical thermodynamics principles. The parallels between clusters in real gases and chemical compounds in equilibrium media have been used to improve understanding of the real gas structure. A new approach to the equilibrium constants for the cluster fractions and new methods to compute them and their significant parameters from the experimental thermophysical data are developed. These methods have been applied to some real gases, such as Argon and Water vapors and gaseous Alkanes. It is shown that the four-particle clusters make a noticeable contribution in the thermophysical properties of the equilibrium Water vapor. It is shown also that the effective bond energy for dimers in Alkanes linearly grows with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
{"title":"Equilibrium Molecular Interactions in Pure Gases","authors":"B. Sedunov","doi":"10.1155/2012/859047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/859047","url":null,"abstract":"The equilibrium molecular interactions in pure real gases are investigated based on the chemical thermodynamics principles. The parallels between clusters in real gases and chemical compounds in equilibrium media have been used to improve understanding of the real gas structure. A new approach to the equilibrium constants for the cluster fractions and new methods to compute them and their significant parameters from the experimental thermophysical data are developed. These methods have been applied to some real gases, such as Argon and Water vapors and gaseous Alkanes. It is shown that the four-particle clusters make a noticeable contribution in the thermophysical properties of the equilibrium Water vapor. It is shown also that the effective bond energy for dimers in Alkanes linearly grows with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74902029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermodynamic conditions of the heat release process under Diesel engine-like conditions in a real porous combustion reactor simulated in a special combustion chamber were analyzed. The same analyses were performed for a free volume combustion chamber, that is, no porous reactor is applied. A common rail Diesel injection system was used for simulation of real engine fuel injection process and mixture formation conditions. The results show that thermodynamic of the heat release process depends on reactor heat capacity, pore density, specific surface area, and pore structure, that is, on heat accumulation in solid phase of porous reactor. In real reactor, the gas temperature and porous reactor temperature are not equal influenced by initial pressure and temperature and by reactor parameters. It was found that the temperature of gas trapped in porous reactor volume during the heat release process is less dependent on air-to-fuel-ratio than that observed for free volume combustion chamber, while the maximum combustion temperature in porous reactor is significantly low. As found this temperature depends on reactor heat capacity, mixture formation conditions and on initial pressure. Qualitative behavior of heat release process in porous reactors and in free volume combustion chamber is similar, also the time scale of the process.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Properties of Real Porous Combustion Reactor under Diesel Engine-Like Conditions","authors":"M. Węcłaś, J. Cypris, T. Maksoud","doi":"10.1155/2012/798104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/798104","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamic conditions of the heat release process under Diesel engine-like conditions in a real porous combustion reactor simulated in a special combustion chamber were analyzed. The same analyses were performed for a free volume combustion chamber, that is, no porous reactor is applied. A common rail Diesel injection system was used for simulation of real engine fuel injection process and mixture formation conditions. The results show that thermodynamic of the heat release process depends on reactor heat capacity, pore density, specific surface area, and pore structure, that is, on heat accumulation in solid phase of porous reactor. In real reactor, the gas temperature and porous reactor temperature are not equal influenced by initial pressure and temperature and by reactor parameters. It was found that the temperature of gas trapped in porous reactor volume during the heat release process is less dependent on air-to-fuel-ratio than that observed for free volume combustion chamber, while the maximum combustion temperature in porous reactor is significantly low. As found this temperature depends on reactor heat capacity, mixture formation conditions and on initial pressure. Qualitative behavior of heat release process in porous reactors and in free volume combustion chamber is similar, also the time scale of the process.","PeriodicalId":17290,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86529632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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