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Microdetermination of Piroxicam in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Complexation with Fe(III) and Image Scanning Densitometry 通过与铁(III)络合和图像扫描密度计微量测定药物制剂中的吡罗昔康
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1391053
Jamıl Anwar, A. Dar, Ramna Mumtaz, J. Anzano, Ayesha Mohyuddin
Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain or inflammation due to osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Assay of piroxicam in pharmaceutical formulations can be performed by using a number of analytical techniques. This work estimates the drug in commercial samples using a novel method, Computational Image Scanning Densitometry (CISD). Micro-volumes of the aqueous solution of piroxicam were reacted with iron(III) sulfate solution under optimum conditions on a white Teflon well plate to form a pink-colored mononuclear complex. By using a smartphone, the picture of the colored complex in the well plate was taken and transferred to an attached computer. The overall optical density resulting from red, green, and blue (RGB) components from a specific area of the colored image was measured and digitalized with the help of custom-made software. A standard curve was prepared by plotting optical density against piroxicam concentration. The method was simple, fast, adequately precise, and accurate for the assay of the drug in commercial samples. The validity of the new method was checked by comparing the results with those obtained by a standard spectrophotometric method of Piroxicam estimation.
吡罗昔康是一种非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),用于缓解骨关节炎或类风湿性关节炎引起的疼痛或炎症。药物制剂中吡罗昔康的检测可通过多种分析技术进行。本研究采用一种新方法--计算图像扫描密度测量法(CISD)来估算商业样品中的药物含量。在最佳条件下,将微量的吡罗昔康水溶液与硫酸铁(III)溶液在白色特氟隆孔板上反应,形成粉红色的单核络合物。使用智能手机拍摄孔板中彩色复合物的照片,并将其传输到连接的计算机上。在定制软件的帮助下,对彩色图像特定区域的红、绿、蓝(RGB)成分产生的整体光密度进行测量和数字化。通过绘制光密度与吡罗昔康浓度的关系曲线,制备出标准曲线。该方法简单、快速、充分精确,可用于商业样品中药物的检测。通过将新方法的结果与吡罗昔康标准分光光度法的结果进行比较,检验了新方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
New Generation Nanoadsorbents and Conventional Techniques for Arsenic Removal from Waters 新一代纳米吸附剂和传统技术去除水中的砷
Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1438869
Veyis Karakoç, Erol Erçağ
Nowadays, with excessive use due to rapid population growth, growing industry, and technological developments, environmental pollution is also increasing and is reaching a point where it threatens the health of humans. The alarming increase in environmental pollution is mostly seen in the form of water pollution. Water pollution has reached levels that threaten human health. There are difficulties in accessing clean water in many parts of the world as a result of restricting the use of natural water resources polluted by both human activities and natural causes. Therefore, intense efforts are made to remove especially heavy metals and other harmful substances that pollute water. Among these toxic heavy metals threatening the health of humans, arsenic is at the top of the list as the most dangerous one. In recent years, many methods and techniques have been developed in addition to classical methods for removing pollutants from water. In this study, conventional methods used in the treatment of arsenic-contaminated waters, the difficulties encountered in the removal process, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were critically reviewed in the light of current and past information. In addition, detailed comparative information is given about nano-sized adsorbents, which is an innovative approach used in the adsorption method, one of the arsenic removal methods.
如今,随着人口的快速增长、工业的不断发展以及技术的发展,人们对环境的过度使用,环境污染也日益严重,已经到了威胁人类健康的地步。环境污染的惊人增长主要体现在水污染方面。水污染已达到威胁人类健康的程度。由于限制使用受人类活动和自然原因污染的天然水资源,世界上许多地方都难以获得清洁的水。因此,人们大力清除污染水源的重金属和其他有害物质。在这些威胁人类健康的有毒重金属中,砷是最危险的一种。近年来,除了传统的去除水中污染物的方法外,还开发了许多方法和技术。在本研究中,根据当前和过去的信息,对用于处理砷污染水体的传统方法、去除过程中遇到的困难以及这些方法的优缺点进行了严格审查。此外,还提供了有关纳米级吸附剂的详细比较信息,这是吸附法中使用的一种创新方法,也是除砷方法之一。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Biogas Production with The Addition of Nano-catalysts 添加纳米催化剂提高沼气产量
Pub Date : 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1368040
Fatih Emen, Aslıhan CESUR TURGUT, Şevkinaz Doğan
: The province of Burdur is at the forefront of the livestock industry, especially with dairy cattle. it is a necessity for Burdur province to use animal manure, convert it into methane gas, and use it as fuel. In this study, a laboratory-scale biodigester was set up to produce biogas from cattle feces taken from Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Cattle Farm. γ-Fe2O3, meso-Fe2O3, and meso-Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and used as catalysts for biogas production. Structural characterizations of catalysts were carried out via FT-IR and XRD techniques. The TEM was used to investigate particle size distributions and morphology. The average particle sizes of the nanoparticles were determined to be in the range of 20-165 nm. The bio-digester was kept at a constant temperature of 35 °C for 20 days. It has been determined that the obtained biogas has a high methane content of 83–86%. The biogas volume was obtained to be 1.360 L/kg for γ-Fe2O3, 1.390 L/kg for meso-Fe2O3, and 625-1.250 L/kg for Co3O4.
:布尔杜尔省是畜牧业的前沿,尤其是奶牛业。布尔杜尔省有必要利用动物粪便,将其转化为沼气并用作燃料。本研究建立了一个实验室规模的生物发酵罐,利用布尔杜尔 Mehmet Akif Ersoy 大学养牛场的牛粪生产沼气。研究人员合成了 γ-Fe2O3、介-Fe2O3 和介-Co3O4 纳米粒子 (NPs),并将其用作生产沼气的催化剂。催化剂的结构表征是通过傅立叶变换红外光谱和 XRD 技术进行的。TEM 用于研究粒度分布和形态。经测定,纳米颗粒的平均粒径在 20-165 纳米之间。生物消化器在 35 °C 的恒温条件下保持了 20 天。经测定,获得的沼气中甲烷含量高达 83-86%。γ-Fe2O3、介-Fe2O3 和 Co3O4 的沼气体积分别为 1.360 升/千克、1.390 升/千克和 625-1.250 升/千克。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of Tolonium Chloride Dye by Phosphate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Solution: Kinetic Approach 酸性水溶液中磷酸盐离子对氯化钋染料的降解作用:动力学方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1362644
P. Umoru, Mohammad Lawal, O. A. Babatunde, Yusuf Sahabi
The degradation of tolonium chloride (TC+) dye by phosphate ion (PO43-) in an aqueous acidic solution was studied using spectrophotometric analysis at 301 K, I= 1.0 M, [TC+]= 1.5 × 10-5 M, [H+]= 1.0×10-3 M, and ʎmax 600 nm. To determine the potency and rate of the reactant species, an aqueous acidic medium was employed. The reaction's direction and tendency were predicted using a thermodynamic analysis at an interval of 5.0 K and a temperature range of 301-321 K. Without the presence of intermediate complex/free atoms formation, a reaction that produced phenyl sulphoxide, phenylamine, and HPO32- as products of the reaction was obtained with a molar ratio of 1:1 for both reactants. First-order tolonium chloride reactivity was found in the reaction and first-order for the phosphate ion, resulting in a second-order reaction overall. The reaction process accelerated as the concentration of hydrochloric acid rose. The response time decreased with an increase in ionic strength concentration and added Ca2+ and Cl- did catalyze the reaction positively. A straight line that went through the origin was produced by plotting 1/ko vs PO43- concentration. The spectroscopic analysis showed no discernible shift from λmax of 600 nm. Additionally, an increase in temperature accelerated the reaction process. The reaction has a negative free energy change, G (-3.13–1.12 KJ/mol) which indicates that it is spontaneous and that the reactants have more free energy than that of the products. While the enthalpy of activation, H is positive and indicates that the reaction was endothermic and followed an associative path, the entropy of activation, S, is also negative (-7.45–1.10 KJ/mol), indicating that the reaction is less disordered. Due to the added ions catalysis and absence of free atoms during the course of the reaction, an outer-sphere mechanism was suggested for the reaction.
在 301 K、I= 1.0 M、[TC+]= 1.5 × 10-5 M、[H+]= 1.0×10-3 M 和 ʎmax 600 nm 的条件下,使用分光光度法分析研究了磷酸离子 (PO43-) 在酸性水溶液中降解氯化碘铵 (TC+) 染料的情况。为了确定反应物的效力和速率,采用了酸性水介质。在没有中间络合物/游离原子形成的情况下,反应生成物为苯基亚砜、苯胺和 HPO32-,两种反应物的摩尔比为 1:1。在反应中发现氯化碘铵的反应性是一阶的,而磷酸离子的反应性是一阶的,因此总体上是二阶反应。随着盐酸浓度的升高,反应过程加快。反应时间随着离子强度浓度的增加而缩短,加入的 Ca2+ 和 Cl- 对反应起正催化作用。通过绘制 1/ko 与 PO43- 浓度的关系曲线,可以得出一条穿过原点的直线。光谱分析显示,600 纳米的 λmax 没有明显偏移。此外,温度升高会加速反应过程。反应的自由能变化为负值 G(-3.13-1.12 KJ/mol),这表明反应是自发的,反应物的自由能大于生成物的自由能。活化焓 H 为正值,表明反应是内热的,并遵循关联路径,而活化熵 S 也为负值(-7.45-1.10 KJ/mol),表明反应的无序程度较低。由于在反应过程中添加了离子催化作用且不存在自由原子,该反应被认为是一种外球体机理。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) -Poly (2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline) and Their Self-Assembly Properties with Dicarboxylic Acid 聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)的制备及其与二羧酸的自组装特性
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1150117
Perihan YİLMAZ ERDOGAN, F. Bilge Emre, T. Seçkin
This study reports the synthesis of copolymers that contain thermally responsive polymers, namely poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX), as well as biodegradable side groups that are water-soluble and capable of hydrogen bonding. The assay aims to produce heat-responsive PNIPAM and PEOX polymers with di-carboxylic acid (DCA) controlled structuring of the resulting pH-sensitive nano-structured polymers. These will be used as a template in the synthesis of inorganic materials. The study demonstrated the impact of pH, salt concentration, and temperature on the polymer/DCA. This fragment describes the functional groups of the thermosensitive polymers PNIPAM and PEOX. These polymers have carboxylic acid functional groups at both ends, are water soluble, and are capable of hydrogen bonding. The structure of these polymers can be recognized with small molecules of DCA in an aqueous solution at different pH, salt concentrations, and temperatures with H-bonds. Additionally, these polymers can be used as templates to synthesize hollow silica polymers. The synthesized monomers and polymers were structurally characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The resulting structured polymers were identified by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (SEM, AFM). UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the Lower Critical Solution temperature of the polymers.
本研究报告了含有热响应聚合物(即聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)和聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)(PEOX))以及可生物降解的侧基(可溶于水并能形成氢键)的共聚物的合成。该试验旨在生产热响应 PNIPAM 和 PEOX 聚合物,通过二羧酸(DCA)控制所产生的 pH 敏感纳米结构聚合物的结构。这些聚合物将用作合成无机材料的模板。研究证明了 pH 值、盐浓度和温度对聚合物/DCA 的影响。本片段介绍了热敏聚合物 PNIPAM 和 PEOX 的官能团。这些聚合物的两端都有羧酸官能团,可溶于水,并能形成氢键。在不同的 pH 值、盐浓度和温度下,这些聚合物的结构可与水溶液中的小分子二氯苯甲醚通过氢键识别。此外,这些聚合物还可用作合成空心二氧化硅聚合物的模板。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对合成的单体和聚合物进行了结构表征。扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜(SEM、AFM)对合成的结构聚合物进行了鉴定。紫外-可见分光光度计和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)用于测定聚合物的下临界溶液温度。
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引用次数: 0
Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles from Morus alba L. Leaves by Microwave Extraction Method 微波萃取法从桑叶中生物合成金纳米粒子并确定其特性
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1372302
Gönül Serdar
The aim of this study was to investigate the rapid, simple, and inexpensive biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) an extract from leaves of Morus alba L. The generated gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR and zeta-sizer. For the biogenesis of gold nanoparticles, Morus alba L. (Mulberry) leaves and HAuCl4.3H2O solution were utilized as the starting ingredients. Fresh leaves of Morus alba L. were collected from Turkey (Trabzon). 100 mL of distilled water was mixed with 10 g of dried material for 120 minutes. The mixture was then extracted using a laboratory microwave for 4 minutes at 600 W. For the biosynthesis of AuNPs, different amounts 100 ml of (0.5 mM, 1 mM) aqueous HAuCl4.3H2O solution of leaf extract (0.5 and 1 mL) were mixed with HAuCl4. 3H2O solution, and then the mixture was placed in a household microwave at 90 W for 1 to 30 minutes. UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR and zeta-sizer were performed to characterize the produced gold nanoparticles. UV-Vis absorption spectra was measured using a Shimadzu UV-1240 UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wave length range of 300 to 800 nm. The development of AuNPs was indicated by the mixture's purple-red colour. From the results of zetasizer study, the average particle size of the AuNPs was 78.95±0.57 nm, the zeta potential was 12.9±0.808 mV, and the polydispersity index was 0.321±0.004. When the AuNP solutions were kept in the refrigerator, their UV-Vis absorption spectra rarely changed and remained stable for around 2 to 2.5 months.
本研究旨在探讨利用桑叶提取物快速、简单、廉价地生物合成金纳米粒子(AuNPs)并对其进行表征的方法。金纳米粒子的生物生成以桑叶和 HAuCl4.3H2O 溶液为起始成分。桑叶采自土耳其(特拉布宗)。100 毫升蒸馏水与 10 克干燥材料混合 120 分钟。为了进行 AuNPs 的生物合成,将不同量的 100 毫升(0.5 毫摩尔、1 毫摩尔)HAuCl4.3H2O 水溶液与 HAuCl4.3H2O 溶液(0.5 毫升和 1 毫升)混合,然后用实验室微波炉在 600 瓦的功率下萃取 4 分钟。3H2O 溶液混合,然后将混合物放入 90 W 的家用微波炉中加热 1 至 30 分钟。用紫外可见光谱、TEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱和zeta-sizer对制备的金纳米粒子进行表征。紫外可见吸收光谱是使用波长范围为 300 至 800 纳米的岛津 UV-1240 紫外可见分光光度计测量的。混合物呈现紫红色,表明 AuNPs 已经形成。根据zetasizer的研究结果,AuNPs的平均粒径为78.95±0.57 nm,zeta电位为12.9±0.808 mV,多分散指数为0.321±0.004。AuNP 溶液在冰箱中保存时,其紫外可见吸收光谱很少发生变化,在 2 至 2.5 个月内保持稳定。
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Different Analytical Techniques for Quantification of Moxidectin 莫西菌素定量分析技术综述
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1257065
Aarti Kommu, Raja Sundararajan
Nemadectin, a macrocyclic lactone of the milbemycin class, is a fermentation by-product of the bacteria Streptomyces cyanogriseus subsp. non-Cyanogenus. Moxidectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of nemadectin. River blindness, also known as onchocerciasis, is treated with moxidectin in patients 12 years of age and older. This condition is brought on by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus and is subjected to intense itching, skin conditions that are disfiguring, and impaired vision brought on by the larvae of the worm.Some of the most common internal and exterior parasites are killed by moxidectin by selectively binding to their glutamate-gated chloride ion channels. In this review article, various pieces of equipment, such as a UV spectrometer, HPLC, LC-MS, and UPLC-MS, are used to determine moxidectin as well as its related compounds. The QuEChERS method was also used in the sample preparation according to the literature survey. The report also offers an overview of the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and medication interactions of moxidectin.
尼玛菌素是一种米尔贝霉素类的大环内酯,是链霉菌青色亚种(Streptomyces cyanogriseus subsp.non-Cyanogenus)的发酵副产品。莫西菌素是尼玛菌素的半合成衍生物。河盲症又称盘尾丝虫病,12 岁及以上的患者可使用莫西菌素进行治疗。这种疾病是由寄生虫盘尾丝虫引起的,患者会出现剧烈瘙痒、毁容性皮肤病以及由盘尾丝虫幼虫引起的视力受损。莫西菌素可选择性地与谷氨酸门控氯离子通道结合,从而杀死一些最常见的体内和体外寄生虫。在这篇综述文章中,使用了紫外光谱仪、HPLC、LC-MS 和 UPLC-MS 等多种设备来测定莫西菌素及其相关化合物。根据文献调查,在样品制备过程中还使用了 QuEChERS 方法。报告还概述了莫西菌素的药效学、药代动力学和药物相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
De novo Drug Design to Suppress Coronavirus RNA-Glycoprotein via PNA-Calcitonin 通过 PNA-Calcitonin 抑制冠状病毒 RNA 糖蛋白的全新药物设计
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1406290
Soykan Agar, B. Akkurt, Levent Alparslan
De novo drug design has been studied utilizing the organic chemical structures of Salmon Calcitonin 9 - 19 and Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) to suppress Coronavirus Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)-Glycoprotein complex. PNA has a polyamide backbone and Thymine pendant groups to selectively bind and inhibit Adenine domains of the RNA-Glycoprotein complex. While doing so, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that there is great inhibition docking energy (-12.1 kcal/mol) with significantly good inhibition constant (124.1 µM) values confirming the efficient nucleotide-specific silencing of Coronavirus RNA-Glycoprotein complex.
研究人员利用鲑降钙素 9 - 19 和多肽核酸 (PNA) 的有机化学结构进行了新药设计,以抑制冠状病毒核糖核酸(RNA)-糖蛋白复合物。PNA 具有聚酰胺骨架和胸腺嘧啶悬垂基团,可选择性地结合并抑制 RNA-糖蛋白复合物的腺嘌呤结构域。与此同时,分子对接和分子动力学研究显示,PNA 具有很高的抑制对接能(-12.1 kcal/mol)和显著良好的抑制常数(124.1 µM),证实了其对冠状病毒 RNA-Glycoprotein 复合物的高效核苷酸特异性沉默作用。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Effects of Different H2SO4, HCI, HNO3 and HCIO4 Liquid Acid Media on the Synthesis of CdTe Semiconductor Thin Films for Solar Cells 不同 H2SO4、HCI、HNO3 和 HCIO4 液体酸介质对太阳能电池用碲化镉半导体薄膜合成的影响研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1285341
Ayça KIYAK YILDIRIM, Veli Şimşek
The main target of the present paper is to investigate the effect of different acidic aqueous media(DAAM) on the synthesis of cadmium telluride thin films(CdTeTFm). The synthesis of CdTeTFm was carried out by the electrochemical deposition method(EDM) in DAAM. The chronoamperometry method of electrodeposition(ED) was used for the production of CdTeTFm. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors of the solutions were studied using cyclic voltammetry. The experiments were carried out with 3 electrodes (a working electrode (WE), a reference electrode(CE), and a counter electrode(RE)) using the electrochemical cell potentiostatic method. The experimental conditions of the acidic aqueous CdTe solution have been determined to be pH 3.56-3.57, the temperature of the solution is 85°C, the concentration of CdTe 2.45x10-1 M, and the reaction time is 25 minutes. The physical properties of CdTeTFm were determined by XRD, SEM/EDX, FT-IR, and UV-VIS analysis methods. According to the results of the analysis, it was observed that acidic aqueous media have an important role in the synthesis of CdTeTFm. The bandgap ranges and Cd/Te ratios of the synthesized thin films were obtained as 1.42, 1.48, 1.50, 1.58 eV, 0.65, 0.587, 0.79 and 0.738, respectively.
本文的主要目的是研究不同酸性水介质(DAAM)对碲化镉薄膜(CdTeTFm)合成的影响。在 DAAM 中采用电化学沉积法(EDM)合成了碲化镉薄膜。碲化镉薄膜的制备采用了电沉积计时法(ED)。此外,还使用循环伏安法研究了溶液的电化学行为。实验使用 3 个电极(工作电极 (WE)、参比电极 (CE) 和对电极 (RE)),采用电化学电池恒电位法进行。实验条件确定碲化镉酸性水溶液的 pH 值为 3.56-3.57,溶液温度为 85°C,碲化镉浓度为 2.45x10-1 M,反应时间为 25 分钟。通过 XRD、SEM/EDX、FT-IR 和 UV-VIS 分析方法测定了 CdTeTFm 的物理性质。分析结果表明,酸性水介质对 CdTeTFm 的合成有重要作用。合成薄膜的带隙范围和 Cd/Te 比率分别为 1.42、1.48、1.50、1.58 eV、0.65、0.587、0.79 和 0.738。
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引用次数: 0
New Drug Design to Suppress Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的新药设计
Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1395403
Soykan Agar, B. Akkurt, E. Ulukaya
A de novo designed biomolecule called INASHD was utilized through computer-aided drug design techniques to specifically target β2-spectrin, effectively suppressing and preventing NASH disease. Advanced computational software tools concerning the technologies of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD), were employed to showcase the drug's remarkable ability to efficiently suppress and control the α-helical topology of β2-spectrin. This protein is a vital component within the disease pathway. We successfully devised an effective design suppressing β2-spectrin, exhibiting an inhibition score surpassing any other molecule documented in scientific literature. With robust support from validated computational software, this bioorganic structure holds significant value and can be applied for a patent due to its innovative design. It shows promising potential for delivering positive outcomes in various stages, including in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and human phase studies.
通过计算机辅助药物设计技术,一种名为INASHD的全新设计生物大分子被用于特异性靶向β2-pectrin,从而有效抑制和预防NASH疾病。利用先进的分子对接和分子动力学(MD)技术计算软件工具,展示了该药物有效抑制和控制β2-spectrin的α螺旋拓扑结构的卓越能力。这种蛋白质是疾病途径中的重要组成部分。我们成功设计出了一种有效抑制β2-spectrin的药物,其抑制分数超过了科学文献中记载的任何其他分子。在经过验证的计算软件的有力支持下,这种生物有机结构具有重大价值,并可因其创新设计而申请专利。在体外、体内、体外和人体阶段研究等各个阶段,它都显示出取得积极成果的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry
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