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Removal Of Sumifix Yellow EXF Reactive Azo Dye By Electro-Fenton Method 电fenton法去除磺胺黄EXF活性偶氮染料
Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1226203
Elif Özkul, B. Karabacakoğlu
Reactive dyes can be found in large quantities in textile industry wastewater due to their widespread use for dyeing cotton fabrics and their durable nature. In the treatment of wastewater containing dyestuffs in this class, advanced treatment methods have become necessary due to the inadequacy of conventional treatment methods and their disadvantages. For this reason, electro-Fenton, an electrochemical advanced oxidation method, is a strong alternative as a treatment technology that provides complete disintegration of dye molecules. In this study, the electro-Fenton method was used to treat model wastewater containing the reactive azo dye Sumifix Yellow EXF. The electro-Fenton process is based on the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (⦁OH), a strong oxidant, using Fe2+ and H2O2 released at the electrodes or added from outside. In the electrochemical cell used, carbon fiber was used as the cathode and iron was used as the anode. While Fe2+ ion was produced at the anode, H2O2 was added to the cell externally. In the experiments carried out at room temperature, a 250 mL glass beaker was used as a reactor. In the study, the optimization of the parameters was achieved by using the classical experimental design method. According to this method, one parameter is changed and other parameters are kept constant. In order to achieve the highest dyestuff removal, experiments were conducted by varying the voltage (5–10 V), H2O2 concentration (9–74 mM), Na2SO4 concentration (6–25 mM), and pH (3-5), and the impact of these factors on dye removal and energy consumption was evaluated. It was found that for the best dye removal, voltage is 7.5 V, the H2O2 concentration is 74 mM, the Na2SO4 concentration is 25 mM and the optimum pH value is 4. At these values, 98.14% removal at 30 minutes was achieved with an energy consumption of 7.98 Wh/L. The electro-Fenton method was found to be a highly effective approach for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation, showing remarkable dye removal efficiency with reasonable energy consumption under optimized conditions.
活性染料广泛用于棉织物的染色,且具有耐久性,在纺织工业废水中存在大量活性染料。在处理这类含染料废水时,由于常规处理方法的不足及其缺点,必须采用先进的处理方法。因此,电化学高级氧化法电fenton是一种强有力的替代处理技术,可以完全分解染料分子。本研究采用电fenton法处理含活性偶氮染料Sumifix Yellow EXF的模型废水。电fenton工艺是基于原位生成羟基自由基(OH),一种强氧化剂,利用Fe2+和H2O2在电极上释放或从外部添加。在所使用的电化学电池中,碳纤维作为阴极,铁作为阳极。在阳极产生Fe2+离子的同时,向电池外部添加H2O2。在室温下进行的实验中,使用250 mL的玻璃烧杯作为反应器。在研究中,采用经典的实验设计方法实现了参数的优化。该方法只改变一个参数,保持其他参数不变。为了达到最高的染料去除率,对电压(5 ~ 10 V)、H2O2浓度(9 ~ 74 mM)、Na2SO4浓度(6 ~ 25 mM)和pH(3 ~ 5)进行了实验,并对这些因素对染料去除率和能耗的影响进行了评价。结果表明,电压为7.5 V, H2O2浓度为74 mM, Na2SO4浓度为25 mM, pH值为4时,脱色效果最佳。在这些值下,30分钟的去除率达到98.14%,能耗为7.98 Wh/L。电fenton法是一种高效的废水处理和环境修复方法,在优化条件下能耗合理,脱色效果显著。
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引用次数: 0
Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead With Novel Graphite/Bleaching Earth Modified Electrode 新型石墨/漂白土修饰电极伏安法测定痕量铅
Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1283767
Elif Tüzün
Modified composite electrodes have gained considerable interest in the detection of heavy metal ions due to their excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and rapid response. Generally, these sensors consist of binder, conductive substance, and modifier. This study examined into the performance of a novel modified electrode that used a graphite–bleaching earth (BE-MCPE) composite performed while detecting trace amounts of Pb(II) using a differential pulse voltammetric technique (DPASV). In order to investigate the properties of BE-MCPE, we employed several analytical techniques, including SEM, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD. These techniques were used to characterize the physical, chemical, and elemental properties of BE-MCPE, as well as its Pb(II) adsorption capacity, providing a comprehensive understanding of its composition and structure. The electrochemical results showed that the modified electrode demonstrated superior sensitivity and selectivity, in detecting Pb(II) ions, with a linear response range of 2.10-7 M to 10.10-7 M, limit of detection (LOD) of 4,89x10-8 mol.L-1, and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1,63x10-7 mol.L-1. This novel modified electrode can achieve the sensitive detection of trace amounts of Pb(II) in a wide range of wastewater applications.
改性复合电极由于其优异的灵敏度、选择性、稳定性和快速响应性,在重金属离子的检测中获得了相当大的兴趣。这些传感器一般由粘结剂、导电物质和改性剂组成。本研究考察了一种新型改性电极的性能,该电极使用石墨漂白土(BE-MCPE)复合材料,同时使用差分脉冲伏安技术(DPASV)检测痕量Pb(II)。为了研究BE-MCPE的性能,我们采用了几种分析技术,包括SEM, SEM- edx, FTIR和XRD。这些技术用于表征BE-MCPE的物理、化学和元素性质,以及它对Pb(II)的吸附能力,从而全面了解其组成和结构。电化学结果表明,修饰电极对Pb(II)离子具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,线性响应范围为2.10-7 ~ 10.10-7 M,检出限(LOD)为4.89 × 10-8 mol.L-1,定量限(LOQ)为1.63 × 10-7 mol.L-1。这种新型修饰电极可以在广泛的废水应用中实现痕量Pb(II)的灵敏检测。
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引用次数: 0
Differences in Heavy Metals Adsorption on Natural, Modified, and Synthetic Zeolites-A Review 天然沸石、改性沸石和合成沸石对重金属吸附的差异综述
Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1263041
Sebghatullah Mudaber, Jenaidullah Batur
This paper presents a comprehensive study of the differences in heavy metal adsorption on natural, modified, and synthetic zeolites. Heavy metal treatment and adsorption are critical issues in today's modern world, and despite advancements in technology, they remain a global challenge. Industrial effluents are a major source of heavy metal pollutants, which have a severe impact on human health and the environment. Therefore, removing heavy metals from contaminated water and wastewater is a necessity. Adsorption is the most commonly used method for removing heavy metals from the environment due to its cost-effectiveness, design, and performance. Among various adsorbents, zeolites are currently considered a suitable method due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and the varying ion-exchange capacity of natural zeolites worldwide for cations such as ammonium and heavy metal ions. The findings of this research could provide useful information for developing efficient and cost-effective methods for the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater, thus addressing a critical global issue. The outcomes of this research contribute to promoting a green and healthy environment.
本文全面研究了天然沸石、改性沸石和合成沸石对重金属吸附的差异。重金属的处理和吸附是当今现代世界的关键问题,尽管技术进步,但它们仍然是一个全球性的挑战。工业废水是重金属污染物的主要来源,对人类健康和环境造成严重影响。因此,从污染的水和废水中去除重金属是必要的。吸附法是最常用的从环境中去除重金属的方法,因为它具有成本效益,设计和性能。在各种吸附剂中,沸石目前被认为是一种合适的方法,因为它们具有成本效益,简单性,以及天然沸石对阳离子(如铵和重金属离子)的不同离子交换能力。这项研究的结果可以为开发从水和废水中去除重金属的有效和具有成本效益的方法提供有用的信息,从而解决一个关键的全球问题。这项研究的结果有助于促进绿色和健康的环境。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Determination of Acid Dissociation Constants of Bis-Acyl Thiourea Derivatives 双酰基硫脲衍生物的合成及酸解离常数的测定
Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1269213
Cagla Efeoglu, Şit Ti̇ken, H. Sari, Yahya Nural
N,N'-((dodecane-1,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))bis(4-nitrobenzamide) 5 and N,N'-((dodecane-1,12-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))bis(3-nitrobenzamide) 6 as bis acyl thiourea derivatives were synthesized and their molecular structures were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMQC, FT-IR, and HRMS techniques. The acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the bis-acyl thiourea derivatives 5, 6 were determined potentiometrically and spectrophotometrically. The pKa values of products 5, 6 were determined in 50% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide–water hydro-organic solvent in the presence of 0.1 molL1 ionic strength of NaCl and in the acidic medium at 25±0.1 °C, and two pKa values were calculated for each compound with the HYPERQUAD computer program using the data obtained from the potentiometric titrations performed. In addition, three pKa values for each compound were determined in the calculations using the HypSpec program from the data obtained from the spectrophotometric titrations performed under the conditions where the potentiometric titrations were performed. For compounds 5 and 6, spectrophotometrically, pKa1 was 3.56±0.08 and 3.87±0.01, respectively, pKa2 was 7.11±0.08 and 7.05±0.01, respectively, and pKa3 was 12.30±0.08 and 11.82±0.02, respectively. It can be said that pKa1, pKa2, and pKa3 values may belong to enol, enthiol, and NH, respectively. Moreover, for compounds 5 and 6, potentiometrically, pKa2 was 7.06±0.13 and 6.94±0.11, respectively, and pKa3 was 12.11±0.06 and 11.17±0.06, respectively, and it can be said that pKa2 and pKa3 values may belong to enthiol and NH, respectively. It is seen that the pKa values determined spectrophotometrically and potentiometrically are compatible with each other.
合成了N,N'-((十二烷-1,12-二基双(氮杂二基))二(羰基))二(4-硝基苯甲酰胺)5和N,N'-(十二烷-1,12-二基双(氮杂二基))二(羰基))二(3-硝基苯甲酰胺)6作为二酰基硫脲衍生物,并利用1H NMR、13C NMR、COSY、DEPT、HMQC、FT-IR和HRMS等技术对其分子结构进行了表征。用电位法和分光光度法测定了双酰基硫脲衍生物5、6的酸解离常数。在50% (v/v)二甲基亚砜-水-有机溶剂中,在0.1 mol NaCl离子强度下,在25±0.1℃的酸性介质中,测定了产品5、6的pKa值,并用HYPERQUAD计算机程序根据电位滴定得到的数据计算了每种化合物的两个pKa值。此外,每个化合物的三个pKa值在计算中使用HypSpec程序,根据在进行电位滴定的条件下进行的分光光度滴定获得的数据确定。化合物5和6的pKa1的分光光度分别为3.56±0.08和3.87±0.01,pKa2的分光光度分别为7.11±0.08和7.05±0.01,pKa3的分光光度分别为12.30±0.08和11.82±0.02。可以说pKa1、pKa2和pKa3的值可能分别属于烯醇、硫醇和NH。此外,化合物5和6的pKa2电位分别为7.06±0.13和6.94±0.11,pKa3电位分别为12.11±0.06和11.17±0.06,可以认为pKa2和pKa3可能分别属于乙醇和NH。可见,分光光度法和电位法测定的pKa值是相容的。
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引用次数: 0
Design, Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activity Evaluation of Indole-Based Benzophenone and Their Derivatives 吲哚基二苯甲酮及其衍生物的设计、合成及抗菌活性评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1235642
Fekadu Tumoro Erabe, D. Kure, S. Sheri̇f
Indole and benzophenone moiety are of significant interest to investigators because they are found in many natural products and pharmacologically active compounds. They represent versatile synthetic building blocks. The benzophenone and indole scaffolds are special structures in medicinal chemistry because these compounds are found in several biologically active natural products, compounds containing indole and benzophenone exhibit anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this study, derivatives of 2-(diphenyl methylene) hydrazine, containing both indole and benzophenone moieties were successfully synthesized. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds were done using spectroscopic techniques like IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. The synthesized target compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains; staphylococcus aureus (S. auras), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the disc diffusion method. All synthesized target compounds showed no significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) but exhibited moderate activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Among all the synthesized compounds, 2-(diphenyl methylene)-1-((1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-yl) methylene) hydrazine (BHT) (7b) showed a good inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL with a zone of inhibition of 21.7 mm against Escherichia coli (E.coli) which was comparable with standard drug Ceftriaxone with the zone of inhibition of 26 mm. Thus, this compound could be considered as a lead molecule to design and develop novel antibacterial drugs.
吲哚和二苯甲酮片段引起了研究人员的极大兴趣,因为它们存在于许多天然产物和具有药理活性的化合物中。它们代表了多功能的合成构件。二苯甲酮和吲哚支架是药物化学中的特殊结构,因为这些化合物存在于几种具有生物活性的天然产物中,含有吲哚和二苯甲酮的化合物具有抗癌、抗炎、抗菌和抗病毒活性。本研究成功合成了含吲哚和二苯甲酮的2-(二苯基亚甲基)肼衍生物。利用IR、1HNMR和13CNMR等光谱技术对合成的化合物进行了结构分析。研究了合成的目标化合物对两种细菌的体外抗菌活性;金黄色葡萄球菌(S. auras)和大肠杆菌(E. coli)采用圆盘扩散法。所有合成的目标化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)无显著活性,但对大肠杆菌(E. coli)有中等活性。在所合成的化合物中,2-(二苯基亚甲基)-1-((1-甲酰基- 1h -吲哚-3-酰基)亚甲基肼(BHT) (7b)对大肠杆菌(E.coli)有良好的抑制作用,浓度为50 μg/mL,抑制区为21.7 mm,与标准药物头孢曲松相当,抑制区为26 mm。因此,该化合物可作为设计和开发新型抗菌药物的先导分子。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Perylene-Based Antimicrobial PDI Chromophores 新型苝抗菌PDI发色团
Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1292068
Cansu Yilmaz, P. Güner, T. Askun, Funda Yükrük
The main goal of the study was to monitor the Antimicrobial activity of two novel perylene diimides which were synthesized and characterized. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against Four Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MT) (Mt-H37Rv, Mt-H37Ra and two clinical isolates) and two Staphylococcus aureus strains [Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA)]. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal activity (MBCs) were determined. Both compounds exhibited bactericidal effects and MICs were found to be changing in the range of 48-96 µg/mL for four MT-strains. Compounds were also effective on Staphylococcus strains at MIC = 96 µg/mL.
本研究的主要目的是对合成并表征的两种新型苝二亚胺的抗菌活性进行监测。研究了4株结核分枝杆菌(MT - h37rv、MT - h37ra和2株临床分离株)和2株金黄色葡萄球菌(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌(SA))的抗菌活性。测定了最低抑菌浓度(mic)和最低杀菌活性(MBCs)。两种化合物均表现出杀菌作用,4株mt菌株的mic在48 ~ 96µg/mL范围内变化。当MIC = 96µg/mL时,化合物对葡萄球菌菌株也有效。
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引用次数: 0
Trimethylolpropane based biolubricant synthesis from sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) seed oil for use in automotive applications. 以甜杏仁(Prunusamygdalus dulcis)籽油为原料合成汽车用三甲基丙烷基生物润滑剂。
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1178460
A. O. Mustapha, Aishat Babatunde, Omowumi Aki̇nola, Henry Olododo, Y. Afolabi̇, Tijani Abdulfatai̇
This paper presents a synthesis of a sweet almond oil-based trimethylolpropane biolubricant and the evaluation of its temperature-dependent viscosity properties. The oil was converted into biodiesel by the transesterification process after extraction, refining, and acid-alkaline transesterification. After that, biolubricant was produced by further transesterifying biodiesel with trimethylolpropane at 105 oC at a ratio of 3.9:1 for a 60-minute reaction time with a potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration of 1 wt. %. According to the American Standard Test Methods (ASTM), the biolubricant's pour point and index of viscosity were determined to be 267.50 and -4 oC, respectively. The measured viscosities were 42.80, 30.18, 21.39, 12.25, and 8.90 cSt. cSt at 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C, demonstrating an inverse relationship between temperature and lubricant viscosity. The difference between the FTIR spectra of the biodiesel and the biolubricant—1755.74 cm-1 versus 1743.96 cm-1—verifies the ester group. Sweet almond oil has a higher iodine content than unsaturated glycerides (9.52 g of iodine per 100 g of oil sample) and includes 53.478 % more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids, and 71.725 % unsaturated fatty acids for biolubricant according to gas chromatographic data. Linoleic acid made up the majority of the fatty acids in the oil and synthetic biolubricant, with percentages of 31.44 and 45.93 %, respectively. Sweet almond biolubricant and oil contained palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids. The biolubricant has the potential to function as light gear oil for automobiles because its characterization results correlate favorably with the ISO VG-32 criteria
本文介绍了甜杏仁油基三甲基丙烷生物润滑剂的合成及其温度依赖性粘度性能的评价。该油经提取、精制、酸碱酯交换等工艺转化为生物柴油。然后,在105℃条件下,以氢氧化钾浓度为1wt . %,以3.9:1的比例与三甲基丙烷进一步酯交换生物柴油,反应时间60分钟,制备生物润滑油。根据美国标准试验方法(ASTM),确定生物润滑剂的倾点和粘度指数分别为267.50和-4℃。测得的粘度分别为42.80、30.18、21.39、12.25和8.90 cSt。cSt在30,40,60,80和100°C,证明温度和润滑剂粘度之间的反比关系。生物柴油和生物润滑剂的FTIR光谱(1755.74 cm-1和1743.96 cm-1)的差异证实了酯基的存在。甜杏仁油的碘含量高于不饱和甘油酯(每100 g油样含碘9.52 g),不饱和脂肪酸含量比饱和脂肪酸多53.478%,生物润滑剂不饱和脂肪酸含量为71.725%。油类和合成生物润滑剂中的脂肪酸以亚油酸为主,其含量分别为31.44%和45.93%。甜杏仁生物润滑剂和油含有棕榈酸、亚油酸和油酸。该生物润滑剂有潜力作为轻型齿轮油用于汽车,因为其表征结果与ISO VG-32标准有利相关
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引用次数: 1
Adsorptive Elimination of Methyl Orange Dye over the Activated Carbon Derived from Bitter Almond Shells. An Isothermal, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Study 苦杏仁壳活性炭吸附去除甲基橙染料。等温、热力学和动力学研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1177543
Rana H. AL-HYALİ, Wael Alkazzaz, Duaa H. Altamer
Abstract: Bitter almond shells (BAS) were inspected as a low-cost precursor in producing activated carbon (AC) through the optimized ZnCl2 activation route. The raw BAS were impregnated with ZnCl2 at multiple ratios (1:1 - 3:1 ZnCl2:BAS), followed by carbonization at various temperatures (400 – 800 °C) for different durations (30 – 120 minutes) in a tubular reactor. The typical AC sample was prepared using a 1:1 ZnCl2:BAS impregnation ratio and activated at 500 °C for 60 minutes. The AC yield under those conditions was 23.46%. The BET surface area (SABET), Boehm titration method, point of zero charge (pHPZC), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) of the optimal AC sample were determined. The identification outcomes disclosed that this AC sample is mesoporous with SABET, iodine number, total pore volume, and average pore width of 1221.60 m2/g, 1444.23 mg/g,1.50 cm3/g, and 4.98 nm, respectively. The adsorptive removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from its aqueous phase by this AC was accomplished at various solution pH (2–10), different amounts of the AC (0.05-0.4 g), multiple initial concentrations (50–400 mg/L), variable temperature (10-50 °C) and varied contact time (0–420 min) in a batch- mode operation. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 224.71 mg/g was obtained at 323 K, pH= 2.0, initial (MO) concentration of 400 mg/L, 0.25 g AC dose, and 420 minutes contact time. The kinetic outcomes best fitted to the pseudo-2nd -order kinetics model, while the MO equilibrium capacity obeyed the Langmuir model rather than other models. Thermodynamic studies of the MO adsorption by the BAS-derived AC disclosed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism of MO by the declared AC mostly involved electrostatic attractions and hydrogen bonding interaction. This work demonstrates that BAS is an advantageous raw material for producing low-cost and effectual mesoporous AC carbon with substantive surface area.
摘要:通过优化的ZnCl2活化途径,考察了苦杏仁壳(BAS)作为低成本活性炭(AC)前驱体的制备效果。用不同比例的ZnCl2 (1:1 - 3:1 ZnCl2:BAS)浸渍原料BAS,然后在管式反应器中在不同温度(400 - 800℃)下进行不同时间(30 - 120分钟)的碳化。采用ZnCl2:BAS比为1:1的浸渍法制备典型的AC样品,在500℃下活化60分钟。在此条件下,活性炭收率为23.46%。测定了最佳AC样品的BET比表面积(SABET)、Boehm滴定法、零电荷点(pHPZC)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和能量色散x射线(EDX)。鉴定结果表明,该活性炭样品为介孔材料,SABET、碘值、总孔容和平均孔径分别为1221.60 m2/g、1444.23 mg/g、1.50 cm3/g和4.98 nm。在不同的溶液pH(2-10)、不同的AC量(0.05-0.4 g)、不同的初始浓度(50-400 mg/L)、不同的温度(10-50℃)和不同的接触时间(0-420 min)下,该AC对甲基橙(MO)染料的吸附去除是在批处理模式下完成的。在323 K, pH= 2.0,初始(MO)浓度为400 mg/L, AC剂量为0.25 g,接触时间为420 min的条件下,获得了224.71 mg/g的最大单层吸附量。动力学结果最符合拟二阶动力学模型,而MO平衡容量服从Langmuir模型而非其他模型。热力学研究表明,该催化剂对MO的吸附是自发和吸热的。所述AC对MO的吸附机理主要涉及静电吸引和氢键相互作用。本研究表明,BAS是制备低成本、高效的中孔活性炭的有利原料。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Characteristics and Applications of Graphene Composites: A Survey 石墨烯复合材料的合成、特性及应用综述
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1234196
B. Dalai, B. Patra, Niharika Das, Ruturaj Sahoo, D. Sahoo, C. Parida, S. K. Dash
Graphene is the name for a monolayer sheet of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a repeating pattern of hexagons. This sheet is only one atom thick. Monolayers of graphene stacked on top of each other. In this article, we have compared the characterization results of graphene and graphene oxide along with synthesis via different methods. A sigma bond connects each atom in a graphene sheet to its three closest neighbours and each atom also contributes one electron to a conduction band that covers the entire graphene sheet. Graphene when oxidized is called graphene oxide (GO) and is mostly used in photoelectric, materialistic, catalyst and energy fields due to its thermal, electrical and mechanical characteristics. It is also used in the field of medical science, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Graphene have been improved due to import of 3D printing technology. In last few years, graphene has taken the attention of most material science researchers due to its various applications. Graphene based polymers and nanocomposites are widely used in sensors, optoelectronics, magneto transport, automotive, biosensors, electronics and aerospace fields.
石墨烯是一种单层碳原子片的名称,它们以六边形的重复模式键合在一起。这张纸只有一个原子厚。单层石墨烯堆叠在一起。在本文中,我们比较了石墨烯和氧化石墨烯在不同合成方法下的表征结果。一个sigma键将石墨烯片上的每个原子与其最近的三个相邻原子连接起来,每个原子也为覆盖整个石墨烯片的传导带提供一个电子。氧化后的石墨烯被称为氧化石墨烯(GO),由于其热学、电学和力学特性,主要应用于光电、材料、催化剂和能源领域。它还用于医学、药物输送和生物医学应用领域。由于3D打印技术的引进,石墨烯得到了改进。近年来,石墨烯因其广泛的应用受到了材料科学研究者的广泛关注。石墨烯基聚合物和纳米复合材料广泛应用于传感器、光电子、磁输运、汽车、生物传感器、电子和航空航天等领域。
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引用次数: 0
Conductometric, Spectrophotometric and Computational Investigation of Binary and Ternary Complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) Bivalent Metal Ions with L-Valine Amino Acid and Paracetamol Drug Co(II)和Cu(II)二价金属离子与l -缬氨酸和扑热息痛药物二元和三元配合物的电导、分光光度和计算研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1275299
Aisha Alabbsi̇, Mohamed F. Zidan, Nouria Shni̇n, Bakr Aldoori̇
The conductivity and spectrophotometry techniques were employed to evaluate the binary and ternary complexes of the divalent metal ions Co(II) and Cu(II) with the physiologically relevant amino acid L-Valine (Val) and the analgesic paracetamol. The conductivity experiments were generated by direct conductivity equation from conductivity titration data, while the spectrophotometry experiments were performed using the continuous variations approach (Job's method). Both techniques were accomplished in an aqueous solution with a constant concentration of 0.004 M of divalent metal ions at (40.0 ± 0.1) °C. The binary complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) have a 1:1 binding ratio of metal to paracetamol (M:para). However, the binary complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) have metal: Val binding ratios of either 1:1 or 2:1. In addition, the Cu(II) binary complexes of both ligands have a higher stability constant than Co(II) binary complexes of paracetamol and Val ligands, which was in good agreement with the Rossotti-Willime order. The ternary complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) have a 1:1:1 binding ratio of metal to paracetamol: L-valine, (M:para:Val). The stability constants were in order: The ternary metal complexes > The binary metal-L-Val complexes > The binary metal-para complexes. DFT (Density Functional Theory) simulations were used in order to gain a better understanding of the molecular interactions of Co(II) and Cu(II) divalent metal ions with L-Val and paracetamol. Calculations were made on the electronic structure, HOMOs and LUMOs, and molecular geometry of complexes and their corresponding ligands. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the metal ion is bound to both the amide nitrogen in the paracetamol ligand and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. Moreover, the metal ion is bound to the nitrogen atom of the amine NH2 group and the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group for the L-Val ligand.
采用电导法和分光光度法测定了二价金属离子Co(II)和Cu(II)与生理相关氨基酸l -缬氨酸(Val)和镇痛药对乙酰氨基酚的二元和三元配合物。电导率实验采用电导率滴定数据直接电导率方程生成,分光光度法实验采用连续变化法(Job’s method)。这两种技术都是在恒定浓度为0.004 M的二价金属离子水溶液中完成的,温度为(40.0±0.1)°C。Co(II)和Cu(II)的二元配合物与对乙酰氨基酚(M:para)的结合比为1:1。然而,Co(II)和Cu(II)的二元配合物具有1:1或2:1的金属:Val结合比。此外,两种配体的Cu(II)二元配合物的稳定常数均高于对乙酰氨基酚和Val配体的Co(II)二元配合物,这与Rossotti-Willime顺序很好地吻合。Co(II)和Cu(II)的三元配合物与对乙酰氨基酚l -缬氨酸(M:para:Val)的结合比为1:1:1。稳定常数顺序为:三元金属配合物>二元金属- l- val配合物>二元金属-对位配合物。为了更好地理解Co(II)和Cu(II)二价金属离子与L-Val和扑热息痛的分子相互作用,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟。计算了配合物及其相应配体的电子结构、HOMOs和LUMOs以及分子几何形状。研究结果明确表明,金属离子与对乙酰氨基酚配体中的酰胺氮和羰基的氧原子结合。此外,对于L-Val配体,金属离子与胺NH2基团的氮原子和羟基的氧原子结合。
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Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry
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