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A bibliometric analysis of primary health care publication trends in the Asia-Pacific region from 2011 to 2023.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.028
Chun-Feng Huang, Brian Bih-Jeng Chang, I-Hsuan Hwang, Yu-Chun Chen, Shinn-Jang Hwang

Background: Emphasis on primary health care (PHC) is the most efficient and economical approach to achieving universal health coverage, and should serve as its foundation. The aim of the study is to examine academic publications from 2011 to 2023 in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) using the Web of Science (WoS) subject category of PHC.

Methods: Academic papers in the WoS PHC category published in the APR from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved and analyzed, including papers published in the Science Citation Index-Expanded and the Social Science Citation Index.

Results: A total of 5172 papers were published in the WoS PHC category from APR onwards. The annual number of publications and their citations increased from 2011 to 2023. Australia led PHC publications in the APR with 3918 publications (75.75% of APR regional output). New Zealand had the highest number of citations per paper (14.54) and the highest mean impact factor (3.25 ± 1.70). Publications in the WoS PHC category also covered a wide range of topics, including Medicine General Internal (70.86%), Health Care Sciences Services (18.10%), Health Policy Services (17.67%), and Public Environmental Occupational Health (17.67%), demonstrating the breadth of PHC research.

Conclusion: The annual number of publications and their citations in the WoS PHC category from the APR increased from 2011 to 2023. Australia and New Zealand have a significant presence in the PHC publications in the APR.

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引用次数: 0
Definition, prevalence, and economic impacts of hypertension on the elderly population.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.020
Cheng-Wei Lien, Yi-Hsuan Lee, Chia-Wen Lu, Yu-Ching Chang, Yi-Syuan Lin, Hao-Min Cheng, Michael Yu-Chih Chen, Long-Teng Lee, Cheng-Kuo Huang, Yen-Hung Lin, Chih-Fan Yeh, Shao-Yi Cheng

Arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death. The incidence of hypertension increases with age, with a lifetime risk of more than 90% for elderly individuals. With the growth in the absolute numbers and proportion of the elderly population worldwide, the economic impact and burden on healthcare systems due to elderly hypertension continue to rise. However, inconsistencies in the definition of elderly hypertension in different guidelines and the controversial results of various clinical trials underscore the importance of determining the consensus of management for elderly hypertension. Therefore, to clarify the current situation, this article discusses the definition, prevalence, and economic impacts of elderly hypertension.

动脉高血压是心血管疾病最重要的可改变风险因素,也是导致死亡的主要原因之一。高血压的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加,老年人一生中患高血压的风险超过 90%。随着全球老年人口绝对数量和比例的增长,老年高血压对医疗系统造成的经济影响和负担也在不断增加。然而,不同指南对老年高血压定义的不一致,以及各种临床试验结果的争议,都凸显了确定老年高血压管理共识的重要性。因此,为了澄清现状,本文讨论了老年高血压的定义、患病率和经济影响。
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引用次数: 0
Author Reply to letter to the editor "fat loss and muscle gain: The possible role of striatal dopaminergic tone in determining the efficacy of physical exercise". 作者回复致编辑的信 "减脂与增肌:纹状体多巴胺能张力在决定体育锻炼效果方面的可能作用"。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.031
Muhammad Abdullah, Shih-Hsien Lin, Li-Chung Huang, Nan-Tsing Chiu, Yen Kuang Yang
{"title":"Author Reply to letter to the editor \"fat loss and muscle gain: The possible role of striatal dopaminergic tone in determining the efficacy of physical exercise\".","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah, Shih-Hsien Lin, Li-Chung Huang, Nan-Tsing Chiu, Yen Kuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment to: Colchicine to prevent cardiovascular death after an acute myocardial infarction. 发表评论:秋水仙碱预防急性心肌梗塞后心血管死亡。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.030
Edy Kornelius
{"title":"Comment to: Colchicine to prevent cardiovascular death after an acute myocardial infarction.","authors":"Edy Kornelius","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Posttreatment FIB-4 score change predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients: Findings from the Taiwan hepatitis C registry program.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.014
Hung-Wei Wang, Yu-Syuan Zeng, Chung-Feng Huang, Chi-Yi Chen, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Kuo-Chih Tseng, Lein-Ray Mo, Pin-Nan Cheng, Chi-Ming Tai, Chao-Hung Hung, Ching-Chu Lo, Chien-Hung Chen, Pei-Lun Lee, Chi-Chieh Yang, Chun-Ting Chen, Chun-Yen Lin, Tsai-Yuan Hsieh, Lee-Won Chong, Chih-Lang Lin, Jui-Ting Hu, Sheng-Shun Yang, Jia-Horng Kao, Chun-Jen Liu, Wan-Long Chuang, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Chia-Yen Dai, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Han-Chieh Lin, Ming-Jong Bair, Szu-Jen Wang, Chien-Wei Huang, Ming-Chang Tsai, Chia-Chi Wang, Wei-Wen Su, Chih-Wen Lin, Chih-Lin Lin, Cheng-Hsin Chu, Ming-Lung Yu, Cheng-Yuan Peng

Purpose: This study investigated whether Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and its change can serve as predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

Methods: This study identified 9679 patients who completed DAA treatment and achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) from the Taiwan Nationwide Real-World HCV Registry Program, and their risk of HCC was analyzed.

Results: Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified diabetes mellitus (DM), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and FIB-4 score as independent predictors of HCC in both Model 1 (baseline) and Model 2 (SVR). Change in FIB-4 score (△FIB-4) of < -0.9086 from baseline to SVR achievement was a significant predictor of HCC only in Model 2 (SVR). In Model 2 (SVR), DM (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.26, p = 0.033), FIB-4 score (≥3.25 vs. <3.25; HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.63-3.53, p < 0.001), △FIB-4 (greater reduction: <-0.9086 vs. smaller reduction: ≥-0.9086; HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.25-2.74, p = 0.002), and AFP level (≥20 vs. <20 ng/mL; HR: 16.40, 95% CI: 9.16-29.36, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of HCC. At 3 years, the cumulative HCC incidence was 10.67% in patients with an FIB-4 score of ≥3.25 upon achieving SVR and △FIB-4 of < -0.9086 and 1.72% in those with an FIB-4 score of <3.25 upon achieving SVR and △FIB-4 of ≥ -0.9086.

Conclusions: Posttreatment FIB-4 score and its change from baseline can be used to stratify HCC risk in patients with CHC receiving DAAs.

目的:本研究探讨了纤维化-4(FIB-4)评分及其变化是否可作为接受直接作用抗病毒药物(DAAs)治疗的慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)感染患者发生肝细胞癌(HCC)的预测指标:本研究从台湾全国真实世界HCV登记项目中筛选出9679名完成DAA治疗并获得持续病毒学应答(SVR)的患者,对他们罹患HCC的风险进行了分析:多变量Cox回归分析发现,在模型1(基线)和模型2(SVR)中,糖尿病(DM)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平和FIB-4评分是HCC的独立预测因素。结论的 FIB-4 评分变化(△FIB-4):治疗后的FIB-4评分及其与基线相比的变化可用于对接受DAAs治疗的CHC患者的HCC风险进行分层。
{"title":"Posttreatment FIB-4 score change predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients: Findings from the Taiwan hepatitis C registry program.","authors":"Hung-Wei Wang, Yu-Syuan Zeng, Chung-Feng Huang, Chi-Yi Chen, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Kuo-Chih Tseng, Lein-Ray Mo, Pin-Nan Cheng, Chi-Ming Tai, Chao-Hung Hung, Ching-Chu Lo, Chien-Hung Chen, Pei-Lun Lee, Chi-Chieh Yang, Chun-Ting Chen, Chun-Yen Lin, Tsai-Yuan Hsieh, Lee-Won Chong, Chih-Lang Lin, Jui-Ting Hu, Sheng-Shun Yang, Jia-Horng Kao, Chun-Jen Liu, Wan-Long Chuang, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Chia-Yen Dai, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Han-Chieh Lin, Ming-Jong Bair, Szu-Jen Wang, Chien-Wei Huang, Ming-Chang Tsai, Chia-Chi Wang, Wei-Wen Su, Chih-Wen Lin, Chih-Lin Lin, Cheng-Hsin Chu, Ming-Lung Yu, Cheng-Yuan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated whether Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and its change can serve as predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study identified 9679 patients who completed DAA treatment and achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) from the Taiwan Nationwide Real-World HCV Registry Program, and their risk of HCC was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified diabetes mellitus (DM), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and FIB-4 score as independent predictors of HCC in both Model 1 (baseline) and Model 2 (SVR). Change in FIB-4 score (△FIB-4) of < -0.9086 from baseline to SVR achievement was a significant predictor of HCC only in Model 2 (SVR). In Model 2 (SVR), DM (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.26, p = 0.033), FIB-4 score (≥3.25 vs. <3.25; HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.63-3.53, p < 0.001), △FIB-4 (greater reduction: <-0.9086 vs. smaller reduction: ≥-0.9086; HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.25-2.74, p = 0.002), and AFP level (≥20 vs. <20 ng/mL; HR: 16.40, 95% CI: 9.16-29.36, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of HCC. At 3 years, the cumulative HCC incidence was 10.67% in patients with an FIB-4 score of ≥3.25 upon achieving SVR and △FIB-4 of < -0.9086 and 1.72% in those with an FIB-4 score of <3.25 upon achieving SVR and △FIB-4 of ≥ -0.9086.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Posttreatment FIB-4 score and its change from baseline can be used to stratify HCC risk in patients with CHC receiving DAAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle corticosteroid injection versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with piriformis syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. 超声波引导下梨状肌皮质类固醇注射与体外冲击波疗法对梨状肌综合征患者的疗效对比:随机对照试验。
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.01.020
Yu-Shan Fu, Kao-Shang Shih, Yu-Ting Lin, Lin-Fen Hsieh, Ya-Fang Liu, Yann-Rong Chen

Background: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a condition that causes low back pain. Ultrasound-guided injection (USI) has become a popular option for diagnostic block and treatment. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used for treating musculoskeletal diseases. However, few studies have compared the therapeutic efficacy of local steroid injections and ESWT.

Objectives: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of local corticosteroid injections and ESWT against PS.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled 70 patients, who were randomly divided into two groups: the ESWT and USI groups. The ESWT group was subjected to one session of ESWT, and the USI group received one USI. Patients in both groups performed home-based stretching exercises. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and 1 and 5 weeks after the intervention. The outcomes included the patients' pain scores on a visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), hip range of motion, side effects, and self-evaluation data.

Results: The groups did not vary significantly in terms of demographics. Significant time effects were observed in both groups, indicating post-treatment improvements. Furthermore, significant group effects were discovered in ODI and VAS pain scores. However, determining the superiority of one treatment over the other was challenging because of significant pretreatment differences between the groups in terms of ODI and VAS pain scores. However, no significant between-group difference was noted in the improvement rate.

Conclusions: ESWT and USI appear to be effective in the treatment of PS. The levels of efficacy of the two treatment approaches may be similar.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT04684537.

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引用次数: 0
The need for caution in assessing the effectiveness of telemedicine services provided to hospitalized patients.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.027
Hongnan Ye
{"title":"The need for caution in assessing the effectiveness of telemedicine services provided to hospitalized patients.","authors":"Hongnan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Left atrial reservoir strain as a surrogate marker for atrial fibrillation burden in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.024
An-Li Yu, Yen-Bin Liu, Lian-Yu Lin, Hui-Chun Huang, Li-Ting Ho, Kuan-Chih Huang, Ling-Ping Lai, Wen-Jone Chen, Yi-Lwung Ho, Lung-Chun Lin, Chih-Chieh Yu

Background: To evaluate the correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF) burden and two-dimensional LA (left atrium) longitudinal reservoir strain (LARS) to explore the potential clinical utility of this novel parameter in patients with AF.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiac electrophysiology clinic of a tertiary centre by consecutively enrolling patients with non-valvular AF. The AF burden was evaluated using 14-day patch-based electrocardiography and defined as the percentage of time spent in AF during a 14-day monitoring period. High and low AF burdens were defined based on the median 14-day AF burden. Echocardiographic measurements, including the longitudinal strain of the LA, were performed in all patients.

Results: Among 267 patients, LARS was successfully performed in 221 (age 63 ± 11 years, male 71%, paroxysmal AF 71%). After adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low-density lipoprotein level, left ventricular ejection fraction, LA dimension, and LA volume in multivariable linear regression analysis, low LARS remained a significant predictor of AF burden in addition to N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and sex. Receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated that the best cut-off value for LARS to predict high AF burden (above median 10.49%) was 21.5%, with 75% sensitivity and 83% specificity.

Conclusions: LARS is associated with the AF burden in patients with AF. Further studies are needed to determine the role of routine LARS measurements in such patients.

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引用次数: 0
Loss of the second molar, masticatory ability, and oral health-related quality of life.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.029
Haili Lu, Na Kang
{"title":"Loss of the second molar, masticatory ability, and oral health-related quality of life.","authors":"Haili Lu, Na Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Animation-assisted learning enhances caregivers' knowledge of anticipatory guidance for children during a well-child clinical visit: A prospective study.
IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.022
Yu-Tsun Su, Hsiang-Hao Chao, Jieh-Neng Wang, Iwen Huang, Chian-Heng Su, Chyi-Her Lin

Purpose: To evaluate whether animation-assisted learning (AAL) enhances caregiver's knowledge of anticipatory guidance (AG) for children and determine the influence of the socioeconomic status during a well-child clinical visit.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled caregivers who presented for well-child checkups at a tertiary care center. Participants completed a pre-test, watched a 25-min animation on specific AG topics, and then completed a post-test. We collected information on the caregivers' gender, parity number, educational level, age, and employment status and then analyzed test accuracy relative to select socio-demographic factors.

Results: We enrolled 150 caregivers (75 in the ≤3-month group, and 75 in the >3-month-to-7-year group). The pre- and post-AAL accuracy rates were 68.7% ± 14.5% vs. 88.2% ± 9.9% for the ≤3-month and 75.9% ± 13.1% vs. 92.3% ± 10.0% for the >3-month-to-7-year groups. Women, non-primipara caregivers, and college graduates in the ≤3-month group had better pre-test accuracy than their counterparts (p = 0.002, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively). Irrespective of socio-demographic factors, all caregivers demonstrated significantly improved AG knowledge post-AAL. Furthermore, college graduates or unemployed caregivers in the ≤3-month group showed improvements with AAL (p = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively).

Conclusions: Caregiver's knowledge level further improved post-AAL regardless of their socio-demographic backgrounds, highlighting AAL's effectiveness across diverse populations. The most substantial improvements were observed among higher-educated or unemployed caregivers with infants aged ≤3 months.

{"title":"Animation-assisted learning enhances caregivers' knowledge of anticipatory guidance for children during a well-child clinical visit: A prospective study.","authors":"Yu-Tsun Su, Hsiang-Hao Chao, Jieh-Neng Wang, Iwen Huang, Chian-Heng Su, Chyi-Her Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether animation-assisted learning (AAL) enhances caregiver's knowledge of anticipatory guidance (AG) for children and determine the influence of the socioeconomic status during a well-child clinical visit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled caregivers who presented for well-child checkups at a tertiary care center. Participants completed a pre-test, watched a 25-min animation on specific AG topics, and then completed a post-test. We collected information on the caregivers' gender, parity number, educational level, age, and employment status and then analyzed test accuracy relative to select socio-demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 150 caregivers (75 in the ≤3-month group, and 75 in the >3-month-to-7-year group). The pre- and post-AAL accuracy rates were 68.7% ± 14.5% vs. 88.2% ± 9.9% for the ≤3-month and 75.9% ± 13.1% vs. 92.3% ± 10.0% for the >3-month-to-7-year groups. Women, non-primipara caregivers, and college graduates in the ≤3-month group had better pre-test accuracy than their counterparts (p = 0.002, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively). Irrespective of socio-demographic factors, all caregivers demonstrated significantly improved AG knowledge post-AAL. Furthermore, college graduates or unemployed caregivers in the ≤3-month group showed improvements with AAL (p = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregiver's knowledge level further improved post-AAL regardless of their socio-demographic backgrounds, highlighting AAL's effectiveness across diverse populations. The most substantial improvements were observed among higher-educated or unemployed caregivers with infants aged ≤3 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":17305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
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