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COVID-19 and the pulmonary vascular injury. COVID-19与肺血管损伤
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320972276
Hai-Long Dai, Xue-Feng Guang
Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Sir, Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, which imposes significant threats to global public health. Studies found that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-Cov share the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),1,2 SARS-CoV-2 have a 10to 20-fold higher affinity for ACE2 than SARS-CoV,3 and the pathogenic mechanism may be shared between these two viruses.4 The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays important role in cardiovascular system. ACE2, a homolog of ACE, is a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7). ACE2 plays an important role in the vasodilative axis (ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas axis) of the RAS and counterbalances the vasoconstrictive, proliferative, and fibrotic axes (ACE–Ang II–Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis) of the RAS.5 ACE2 is highly expressed in the lungs and heart. Since then, an abundance of evidence has supported the fundamental concept that ACE2 is protective against a variety of cardiopulmonary vascular diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).6–8 In the lungs, activation of local pulmonary RAS can affect the pathogenesis of lung injury, high levels of Ang II can lead to increases in vascular permeability and alterations of alveolar epithelial cells.9 In SARS-CoV infection of mice, both viral replication and the viral spike protein alone have been shown to selectively reduce ACE2.10 SARS-CoV also induces rapid downregulation of ACE2 from the cell surface.11 The entry of SARS-CoV2 into the cells through membrane fusion also markedly down-regulates ACE2 receptors.12 Balancing ACE/ACE2 axis may be alleviate virus-induced severe lung injury. ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) may help reduce lung injury caused by viral infection.13,14 So, for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with hypertension, ACEIs and ARBs may be a good choice.15–17 ACE2 is also expressed in endothelial cells, especially lung microvascular endothelial cell.18–20 The decrease of ACE2 is related to pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH.21 These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause pulmonary vascular injury and remodeling by disrupted the balance between ACE/ACE2 and Ang II/ Ang-(1–7) (Figure 1). ACE2 has been shown to be decreased in the plasma of patients with PAH, those patients are more likely to develop into severe patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. So, we suggest that special care of pulmonary vasc
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引用次数: 0
Amiloride: A review. 阿米洛利:综述。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320975893
Qianhui Sun, Peter Sever

Amiloride is a potassium retaining diuretic and natriuretic which acts by reversibly blocking luminal epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct. Amiloride is indicated in oedematous states, and for potassium conservation adjunctive to thiazide or loop diuretics for hypertension, congestive heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. Historical studies on its use in hypertension were poorly controlled and there is insufficient data on dose-response. It is clearly highly effective in combination with thiazide diuretics where it counteracts the adverse metabolic effects of the thiazides and its use in the Medical Research Council Trial of Older Hypertensive Patients, demonstrated convincing outcome benefits on stroke and coronary events. Recently it has been shown to be as effective as spironolactone in resistant hypertension but there is a real need to establish its potential role in the much larger number of patients with mild to moderate hypertension in whom there is a paucity of information with amiloride particularly across an extended dose range.

阿米洛利是一种保留钾的利尿剂和钠尿剂,其作用是可逆地阻断远端小管晚期和集管的腔上皮钠通道(ENaCs)。阿米洛利适用于水肿状态,作为噻嗪类药物或循环利尿剂的钾保存辅助治疗高血压、充血性心力衰竭和肝硬化伴腹水。其用于高血压的历史研究控制不佳,剂量反应数据不足。在与噻嗪类利尿剂联合使用时,它显然非常有效,可以抵消噻嗪类利尿剂的不良代谢影响,并且在医学研究委员会老年高血压患者试验中,它的使用证明了对中风和冠状动脉事件的令人信服的结果益处。最近,它已被证明在顽固性高血压中与螺内酯一样有效,但确实需要确定它在更大数量的轻度至中度高血压患者中的潜在作用,这些患者缺乏关于阿米洛利的信息,特别是在大剂量范围内。
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引用次数: 26
The Potential Role of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in COVID-19: Navigating the Uncharted 肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)和二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4)在COVID-19中的潜在作用:导航未知
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92837
H. Al-kuraishy, M. Al-Niemi, Nawar R. Hussain, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Nasser A. Al-Harchan, Azhar H. Al-Kurashi
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to infected pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury (AKI). The entry-point receptor for COVID-19 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at lung, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). There is 80% similarity between MERS-CoV and COVID-19. This study was planned to review the potential link between the incidence and severity of COVID-19 regarding the modulation of DPP-4 and ACE2 by DPP-4 and renin angiotensin system (RAS). In COVID-19, SARS-CoV2 binds ACE2 which is highly expressed by the epithelial cells of the blood vessel, intestine, and lung. However, pulmonary ACE2 seems to be a protective defense pathway during ARDS. DPP-4 is not concerned with the entry of COVID-19 but mediates the inflammatory reactions and cytokine storm that induced ARDS and AKI by COVID-19. The interaction between DPP4i and RAS inhibitors seem to augment the expression of AT2 receptor and ACE2 which are under extensive researches to find the pathophysiological pathway of COVID-19 infection. This beneficial interaction between DPP4i and RAS shed light for possible attenuation of COVID-19-induced ARDS and AKI mainly in critically ill patients with systemic hypertension.
新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)导致感染性肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和急性肾损伤(AKI)。COVID-19的入口受体是肺血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2),二肽基肽酶4 (DPP-4)是中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)的受体。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒与COVID-19之间有80%的相似性。本研究旨在探讨DPP-4和肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)对DPP-4和ACE2的调节与COVID-19发病率和严重程度之间的潜在联系。在COVID-19中,SARS-CoV2结合血管、肠和肺上皮细胞高度表达的ACE2。然而,肺ACE2似乎是ARDS期间的保护性防御途径。DPP-4与COVID-19的进入无关,但介导了COVID-19诱导ARDS和AKI的炎症反应和细胞因子风暴。DPP4i与RAS抑制剂之间的相互作用似乎增加了AT2受体和ACE2的表达,这两种受体和ACE2的表达正在广泛研究中,以寻找COVID-19感染的病理生理途径。DPP4i和RAS之间的这种有益相互作用,为主要在患有全身性高血压的危重患者中减少covid -19诱导的ARDS和AKI提供了可能的线索。
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引用次数: 19
Medication use, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and acute care utilization after hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease. 慢性肾病患者住院后的药物使用、肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂和急性护理利用
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320945137
Joshua J Neumiller, Kenn B Daratha, Radica Z Alicic, Robert A Short, Haleigh M Miller, Liza Gregg, Brian J Gates, Cynthia F Corbett, Sterling M McPherson, Katherine R Tuttle

Objectives: The aims of this secondary analysis were to: (a) characterize medication use following hospital discharge for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (b) investigate relationships of medication use with the primary composite outcome of acute care utilization 90 days after hospitalization.

Methods: The CKD-Medication Intervention Trial (CKD-MIT) enrolled acutely ill hospitalized patients with CKD stages 3-5 not dialyzed (CKD 3-5 ND). In this post hoc analysis, data for medication use were characterized, and the relationship of medication use with the primary outcome was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: Participants were taking a mean of 12.6 (standard deviation=5.1) medications, including medications from a wide variety of medication classes. Nearly half of study participants were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). ACE inhibitor/ARB use was associated with decreased risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio=0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.95; p=0.03) after adjustment for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, sex, race, blood pressure, albuminuria, and potential nephrotoxin use.

Conclusions: A large number, variety, and complexity of medications were used by hospitalized patients with CKD 3-5 ND. ACE inhibitor or ARB use at hospital discharge was associated with a decreased risk of 90-day acute care utilization.

目的:这一次要分析的目的是:(a)描述慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者出院后的药物使用情况,(b)调查药物使用与住院后90天急性护理利用的主要综合结局之间的关系。方法:CKD药物干预试验(CKD- mit)纳入急性住院CKD 3-5期未透析(CKD 3-5期ND)患者。在这项事后分析中,对药物使用数据进行了表征,并使用Cox比例风险模型评估了药物使用与主要结局的关系。结果:参与者平均服用12.6种药物(标准差=5.1),包括各种药物类别的药物。近一半的研究参与者服用血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂或血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂(ARB)。ACE抑制剂/ARB使用与主要结局风险降低相关(风险比=0.51;95%置信区间0.28-0.95;P =0.03),调整基线估计肾小球滤过率、年龄、性别、种族、血压、蛋白尿和潜在的肾毒素使用。结论:CKD 3-5 ND住院患者使用的药物数量多、种类多且复杂。出院时使用ACE抑制剂或ARB与90天急性护理使用风险降低相关。
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引用次数: 1
STAT1 regulates interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen and MCP-1 expression in a bidirectional manner in primary cultured mesangial cells. STAT1在原代培养的系膜细胞中双向调控干扰素γ诱导的血管紧张素原和MCP-1的表达。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320946527
Harrison M Penrose, Akemi Katsurada, Kayoko Miyata, Maki Urushihara, Ryousuke Satou

Objective: Intrarenal interferon-γ significantly contributes to the development of glomerular injury in which angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels are elevated. However, the exact nature of the role that interferon-γ plays in regulating angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression has not been fully delineated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role that interferon-γ plays in angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression.

Methods: Primary cultured rat mesangial cells were treated with 0-20 ng/mL interferon-γ for 2, 8 or 24 hours. Expression levels of angiotensinogen, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1, an intracellular suppressor of Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling and activity of the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.

Results: Interferon-γ increased angiotensinogen expression in mesangial cells with maximal augmentation observed following 5 ng/mL interferon-γ at 8 hours of treatment (1.87 ± 0.05, mRNA, relative ratio). Further increases were reduced or absent using higher concentrations of interferon-γ. Following treatments, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was induced in a linear dose-dependent manner (6.85 ± 0.62-fold by 20 ng/mL interferon-γ at 24 hours). In addition, interferon-γ induced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression in a linear dose-dependent manner. The suppression of STAT1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression by small interference RNAs facilitated an increase in interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen expression, indicating that these two factors negatively regulate angiotensinogen expression. In contrast, the increase in interferon-γ-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was attenuated in STAT1-deficient mesangial cells, suggesting that STAT1 positively regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression in mesangial cells.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that while interferon-γ increases both angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression, STAT1 plays an opposing role in the regulation of each factor in mesangial cells.

目的:肾内干扰素-γ显著促进肾小球损伤的发展,血管紧张素原和单核细胞趋化蛋白1水平升高。然而,干扰素-γ在调节血管紧张素原和单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达中所起作用的确切性质尚未完全描述。因此,本研究的目的是探讨干扰素-γ在血管紧张素原和单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达中的作用。方法:原代培养的大鼠系膜细胞分别用0 ~ 20 ng/mL干扰素γ处理2、8、24小时。采用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应和western blot检测血管紧张素原、单核细胞趋化蛋白1、细胞因子信号传导抑制因子1、细胞内Janus激酶信号转导因子和转录信号激活因子的表达水平以及Janus激酶信号转导因子和转录途径激活因子的活性。结果:干扰素-γ增加系膜细胞血管紧张素原的表达,5 ng/mL干扰素-γ治疗8小时后表达量最大(1.87±0.05,mRNA,相对比值)。使用更高浓度的干扰素-γ,进一步的增加减少或不存在。处理后,20 ng/mL干扰素-γ在24小时诱导单核细胞趋化蛋白1的表达呈线性剂量依赖性(6.85±0.62倍)。此外,干扰素-γ诱导STAT1磷酸化和细胞因子信号1表达抑制呈线性剂量依赖性。小干扰rna抑制STAT1和细胞因子信号1抑制因子表达,促进干扰素-γ诱导的血管紧张素原表达增加,表明这两个因子负向调节血管紧张素原表达。相反,干扰素-γ诱导的单核细胞趋化蛋白1表达在STAT1缺失系膜细胞中有所减弱,提示STAT1正调控系膜细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白1的表达。结论:干扰素-γ增加血管紧张素原和单核细胞趋化蛋白1的表达,而STAT1在系膜细胞中发挥相反的调节作用。
{"title":"STAT1 regulates interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen and MCP-1 expression in a bidirectional manner in primary cultured mesangial cells.","authors":"Harrison M Penrose,&nbsp;Akemi Katsurada,&nbsp;Kayoko Miyata,&nbsp;Maki Urushihara,&nbsp;Ryousuke Satou","doi":"10.1177/1470320320946527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320946527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intrarenal interferon-γ significantly contributes to the development of glomerular injury in which angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels are elevated. However, the exact nature of the role that interferon-γ plays in regulating angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression has not been fully delineated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role that interferon-γ plays in angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary cultured rat mesangial cells were treated with 0-20 ng/mL interferon-γ for 2, 8 or 24 hours. Expression levels of angiotensinogen, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1, an intracellular suppressor of Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling and activity of the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interferon-γ increased angiotensinogen expression in mesangial cells with maximal augmentation observed following 5 ng/mL interferon-γ at 8 hours of treatment (1.87 ± 0.05, mRNA, relative ratio). Further increases were reduced or absent using higher concentrations of interferon-γ. Following treatments, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was induced in a linear dose-dependent manner (6.85 ± 0.62-fold by 20 ng/mL interferon-γ at 24 hours). In addition, interferon-γ induced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression in a linear dose-dependent manner. The suppression of STAT1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 expression by small interference RNAs facilitated an increase in interferon-γ-induced angiotensinogen expression, indicating that these two factors negatively regulate angiotensinogen expression. In contrast, the increase in interferon-γ-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression was attenuated in STAT1-deficient mesangial cells, suggesting that STAT1 positively regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression in mesangial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that while interferon-γ increases both angiotensinogen and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression, STAT1 plays an opposing role in the regulation of each factor in mesangial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320946527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320946527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38217800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effect of renal denervation on catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 肾去神经支配对儿茶酚胺和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的影响。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320943095
Lida Feyz, Sjoerd van den Berg, Robert Zietse, Isabella Kardys, Jorie Versmissen, Joost Daemen

Introduction: The effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on neurohormonal responses is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the effect of RDN on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and endogenous catecholamines.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with hypertension underwent RDN and remained on a stable antihypertensive drug regimen. Samples for plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and urine (nor)metanephrine were collected at baseline and at 6 months post procedure. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings were obtained at baseline and at 6 months post procedure.

Results: Mean age was 64±9 years, and 30/60 patients were male. At 6 months, average daytime systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP decreased by 10 and 6 mmHg, respectively (p<0.001). No significant change was observed in plasma aldosterone (median=248.0 pmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 113.3-369.5 pmol/L) vs. median=233.0 pmol/L (IQR 110.3-360.8 pmol/L); p=0.66); renin (median=19.5 µIU/mL (IQR 6.8-119.5 µIU/mL) vs. median=14.3 µIU/mL (IQR 7.2-58.0 µIU/mL); p=0.32), urine metanephrine (median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.24-0.77 µmol/L) vs. median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.22-0.88 µmol/L); p=0.75) and normetanephrine (median=1.41 µmol/L (IQR 0.93-2.00 µmol/L vs. median =1.56 (IQR 0.74-2.50 µmol/L); p=0.58) between baseline and 6 months, respectively. No correlation was found between the decrease in mean systolic daytime BP and changes in RAAS hormones or endogenous catecholamines.

Conclusion: Despite significant reductions in ambulatory BP, RDN did not result in a significant change in endogenous catecholamines or in RAAS hormones at 6 months.

导读:肾交感神经断神经(RDN)对神经激素反应的影响在很大程度上是未知的。我们旨在评估RDN对肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)和内源性儿茶酚胺的影响。方法:60例高血压患者接受RDN治疗,并保持稳定的降压药物治疗方案。在基线和术后6个月收集血浆醛固酮、血浆肾素和尿(非)肾上腺素样本。在基线和手术后6个月获得动态血压(BP)记录。结果:患者平均年龄64±9岁,男性30/60。6个月时,平均日间收缩压和舒张压分别下降10和6 mmHg (pp=0.66);肾素(中位数=19.5µIU/mL (IQR 6.8-119.5µIU/mL) vs中位数=14.3µIU/mL (IQR 7.2-58.0µIU/mL);p=0.32),尿肾上腺素(中位数=0.46µmol/L (IQR 0.24-0.77µmol/L) vs中位数=0.46µmol/L (IQR 0.22-0.88µmol/L);p=0.75)和去甲肾上腺素(中位数=1.41µmol/L (IQR 0.93-2.00µmol/L vs.中位数=1.56 (IQR 0.74-2.50µmol/L);P =0.58)。白天平均收缩压的降低与RAAS激素或内源性儿茶酚胺的变化没有相关性。结论:尽管动态血压显著降低,但在6个月时,RDN并未导致内源性儿茶酚胺或RAAS激素的显著变化。
{"title":"Effect of renal denervation on catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.","authors":"Lida Feyz,&nbsp;Sjoerd van den Berg,&nbsp;Robert Zietse,&nbsp;Isabella Kardys,&nbsp;Jorie Versmissen,&nbsp;Joost Daemen","doi":"10.1177/1470320320943095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320943095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on neurohormonal responses is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the effect of RDN on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and endogenous catecholamines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients with hypertension underwent RDN and remained on a stable antihypertensive drug regimen. Samples for plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and urine (nor)metanephrine were collected at baseline and at 6 months post procedure. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings were obtained at baseline and at 6 months post procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 64±9 years, and 30/60 patients were male. At 6 months, average daytime systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP decreased by 10 and 6 mmHg, respectively (<i>p</i><0.001). No significant change was observed in plasma aldosterone (median=248.0 pmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 113.3-369.5 pmol/L) vs. median=233.0 pmol/L (IQR 110.3-360.8 pmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.66); renin (median=19.5 µIU/mL (IQR 6.8-119.5 µIU/mL) vs. median=14.3 µIU/mL (IQR 7.2-58.0 µIU/mL); <i>p</i>=0.32), urine metanephrine (median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.24-0.77 µmol/L) vs. median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.22-0.88 µmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.75) and normetanephrine (median=1.41 µmol/L (IQR 0.93-2.00 µmol/L vs. median =1.56 (IQR 0.74-2.50 µmol/L); <i>p</i>=0.58) between baseline and 6 months, respectively. No correlation was found between the decrease in mean systolic daytime BP and changes in RAAS hormones or endogenous catecholamines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite significant reductions in ambulatory BP, RDN did not result in a significant change in endogenous catecholamines or in RAAS hormones at 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320943095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320943095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38324754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: A dose-response meta analysis. 肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂的使用与结直肠癌的风险和死亡率:一项剂量-反应meta分析。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319895646
Xia Chen, Chang-Hong Yi, Kuang-Guan Ya

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether use of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors would increase colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Databases were electronically searched to collect data of RAS use and colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality from inception to October 2018. Stata 12.0 software was used to perform a meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 16 publications involving 2,847,597 participants were included. RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk (relative risk (RR): 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.93) and mortality (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98) decrement. Subgroup analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96) or ARB (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73-0.98) or ACEI (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.92) were related to colorectal cancer risk decrement. Furthermore, RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk decrement in Caucasians (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96) and Asians (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85). Additionally, dose-response showed that per one year duration of RAS inhibitor use incremental increase was related to 6% colorectal cancer risk decrement (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97).

Conclusion: According to the evidence, RAS inhibitor use was associated with colorectal cancer risk and mortality decrement.

目的:本研究旨在确定使用肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂是否会增加结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率。方法:对数据库进行电子检索,收集自成立以来至2018年10月期间RAS使用与结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的数据。采用Stata 12.0软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入16篇文献,涉及2,847,597名受试者。使用RAS抑制剂与结直肠癌风险相关(相对风险(RR): 0.86;95%可信区间(CI): 0.78-0.93)和死亡率(RR: 0.80;95% CI: 0.66-0.98)。亚组分析显示血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB) (RR: 0.82;95% CI: 0.69-0.96)或ARB (RR: 0.86;95% CI: 0.73-0.98)或ACEI (RR: 0.81;95% CI: 0.70-0.92)与结直肠癌风险降低有关。此外,RAS抑制剂的使用与白种人结直肠癌风险降低有关(RR: 0.88;95% CI: 0.80-0.96)和亚洲人(RR: 0.72;95% ci: 0.61-0.85)。此外,剂量反应显示,每使用一年RAS抑制剂的时间增量增加与结直肠癌风险降低6%相关(RR: 0.94;95% ci: 0.90-0.97)。结论:有证据表明,RAS抑制剂的使用与结直肠癌风险和死亡率的降低有关。
{"title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: A dose-response meta analysis.","authors":"Xia Chen, Chang-Hong Yi, Kuang-Guan Ya","doi":"10.1177/1470320319895646","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1470320319895646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was undertaken to determine whether use of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors would increase colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases were electronically searched to collect data of RAS use and colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality from inception to October 2018. Stata 12.0 software was used to perform a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 publications involving 2,847,597 participants were included. RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk (relative risk (RR): 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.93) and mortality (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98) decrement. Subgroup analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96) or ARB (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73-0.98) or ACEI (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70-0.92) were related to colorectal cancer risk decrement. Furthermore, RAS inhibitor use was related to colorectal cancer risk decrement in Caucasians (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96) and Asians (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85). Additionally, dose-response showed that per one year duration of RAS inhibitor use incremental increase was related to 6% colorectal cancer risk decrement (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the evidence, RAS inhibitor use was associated with colorectal cancer risk and mortality decrement.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320319895646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320319895646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38127486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Could angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 I/D polymorphism be a modificator of COVID-19 response in different populations, diseases, and/or conditions? 血管紧张素转换酶1 I/D多态性可能是不同人群、疾病和/或条件下COVID-19反应的调节因子吗?
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320957157
Sanja Dević Pavlić, Sergej Nadalin, Nada Starčević Čizmarević, Alena Buretić-Tomljanović, Anđelka Radojčić Badovinac, Smiljana Ristić
Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Editor, Several articles recently discussed the potential relevance of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene to COVID19 infection.1–4 Their data raise the possibility that the ACE1 D allele might be a protective factor in the spread and outcome of COVID-19 in various European, NorthAfrican, and Middle Eastern populations.1–3 However, data presented in the meta-analysis investigating the frequency of ACE1 D allele distribution in various European countries revealed that the frequency of that allele was the highest in the countries most severely affected by COVID19 infection, such as Spain, Italy, and UK.5 Specifically, the frequency of ACE1 D allele in Spanish, Italian, and UK general population was estimated at 63%, 58%, and 53%, respectively, while the total number of cases and deaths per million to date were 6328 and 606 for Spain, 3975 and 575 for Italy, and 4584 and 642 for UK.6 Those data suggest that higher frequency of the ACE1 D allele might be rather risk than protective factor in COVID-19 infection. Importantly, higher frequencies of ACE1 D allele in general Spanish, Italian, and UK populations are also accompanied by higher frequencies among the elderly individuals, who are at the same time the most vulnerable to COVID19 infection.5 In line with this, the relatively low frequency of the ACE1 D allele, estimated at 49%, observed in the general Croatian population5 might explain the rather favorable epidemiological situation in Croatia related to COVID-19 infection. Specifically, since the February 25 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, the total number of cases per million to date is 656, while total number of deaths per million is 26, suggesting that Croatia has been rather successful in overcoming COVID-19.6 In the past 15 years, our study groups have been investigating the possible relevance of the ACE1 I/D polymorphism in various diseases and/or conditions in the Croatian population. Most of our studies suggest that the ACE1 D allele as well as the ACE1 D/D genotype may be risk factors in multiple sclerosis,7,8 schizophrenia,9 and lung cancer.10 Importantly, we have also found that the risk effects of the ACE1 D allele and ACE1 D/D genotype were in general more prominent among male patients with multiple sclerosis7,8 and schizophrenia.9 Indeed, COVID-19 infection has previously been associated with sex,11 and a recent article discussing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (encoded by the ACE2 gene), which has been known to coop
{"title":"Could angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 <i>I/D</i> polymorphism be a modificator of COVID-19 response in different populations, diseases, and/or conditions?","authors":"Sanja Dević Pavlić,&nbsp;Sergej Nadalin,&nbsp;Nada Starčević Čizmarević,&nbsp;Alena Buretić-Tomljanović,&nbsp;Anđelka Radojčić Badovinac,&nbsp;Smiljana Ristić","doi":"10.1177/1470320320957157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320957157","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Dear Editor, Several articles recently discussed the potential relevance of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene to COVID19 infection.1–4 Their data raise the possibility that the ACE1 D allele might be a protective factor in the spread and outcome of COVID-19 in various European, NorthAfrican, and Middle Eastern populations.1–3 However, data presented in the meta-analysis investigating the frequency of ACE1 D allele distribution in various European countries revealed that the frequency of that allele was the highest in the countries most severely affected by COVID19 infection, such as Spain, Italy, and UK.5 Specifically, the frequency of ACE1 D allele in Spanish, Italian, and UK general population was estimated at 63%, 58%, and 53%, respectively, while the total number of cases and deaths per million to date were 6328 and 606 for Spain, 3975 and 575 for Italy, and 4584 and 642 for UK.6 Those data suggest that higher frequency of the ACE1 D allele might be rather risk than protective factor in COVID-19 infection. Importantly, higher frequencies of ACE1 D allele in general Spanish, Italian, and UK populations are also accompanied by higher frequencies among the elderly individuals, who are at the same time the most vulnerable to COVID19 infection.5 In line with this, the relatively low frequency of the ACE1 D allele, estimated at 49%, observed in the general Croatian population5 might explain the rather favorable epidemiological situation in Croatia related to COVID-19 infection. Specifically, since the February 25 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, the total number of cases per million to date is 656, while total number of deaths per million is 26, suggesting that Croatia has been rather successful in overcoming COVID-19.6 In the past 15 years, our study groups have been investigating the possible relevance of the ACE1 I/D polymorphism in various diseases and/or conditions in the Croatian population. Most of our studies suggest that the ACE1 D allele as well as the ACE1 D/D genotype may be risk factors in multiple sclerosis,7,8 schizophrenia,9 and lung cancer.10 Importantly, we have also found that the risk effects of the ACE1 D allele and ACE1 D/D genotype were in general more prominent among male patients with multiple sclerosis7,8 and schizophrenia.9 Indeed, COVID-19 infection has previously been associated with sex,11 and a recent article discussing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (encoded by the ACE2 gene), which has been known to coop","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320957157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320957157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38477829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Influence of Angiotensin II on cell viability and apoptosis in rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in in vitro studies. 血管紧张素II对大鼠肾近端小管上皮细胞活力和凋亡影响的体外研究
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320949850
Aleksandra Piotrowska, Magdalena Chmielewska, Waldemar Andrzejewski, Piotr Dziegiel, Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow

Introduction: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is multifunctional peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and maintenance electrolyte homeostasis. It shows biological effects by activating two main receptors: AT1 and AT2. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Ang II on NRK-52E cells in in vitro studies. Furthermore, an attempt was made to determine the effectiveness of the AT1 and AT2 receptor blocker activity (respectively, losartan and PD123319).

Methods: The study was carried out using adherent NRK-52E cell line. Immunofluorescence and Western Blot method were used to confirm the presence of AT1 and AT2 receptors in the cells. The SRB and MTT tests showed decrease in the viability of NRK-52E cells incubated with Ang II in comparison to the control (without Ang II).

Results: The blockade of the AT1 receptor caused an increase in cell viability in comparison to cells incubated with Ang II only. The blockade of AT2 receptor also triggered statistically significant increase in cell viability in comparison with cells only exposed to Ang II. Combined administration of blockers for both receptors (losartan and PD123319) decreased Ang II cytotoxicity against NRK-52E cell line. The apoptosis was only observed in cells incubated with Ang II in comparison with control cells. However, simultaneous use of both blockers caused statistically significant decrease in apoptosis.

Conclusions: The result of our study indicates that Ang II causes damaging effect on NRK-52E cells by directing them to programmed cell death. It seems that not only does the AT2 receptor itself play an important role in the induction of apoptosis, but also its interaction with AT1 receptor does as well.

血管紧张素II (Angiotensin II, Ang II)是一种多功能肽,在调节血压和维持电解质稳态中起重要作用。它通过激活两个主要受体AT1和AT2来显示生物学效应。本研究的目的是在体外研究Ang II对NRK-52E细胞的影响。此外,还尝试确定AT1和AT2受体阻滞剂活性的有效性(分别为氯沙坦和PD123319)。方法:采用NRK-52E贴壁细胞系进行研究。免疫荧光法和Western Blot法证实细胞中存在AT1和AT2受体。SRB和MTT试验显示,与对照(不含Ang II)相比,与Ang II孵育的NRK-52E细胞的活力下降。结果:与仅与Ang II孵育的细胞相比,AT1受体的阻断导致细胞活力增加。与仅暴露于Ang II的细胞相比,AT2受体的阻断也触发了统计学上显著的细胞活力增加。联合使用两种受体(氯沙坦和PD123319)阻滞剂可降低Ang II对NRK-52E细胞系的细胞毒性。与对照细胞相比,仅在与Ang II孵育的细胞中观察到细胞凋亡。然而,同时使用两种阻滞剂导致细胞凋亡显著减少。结论:我们的研究结果表明,Ang II通过引导NRK-52E细胞程序性死亡而对其产生损伤作用。似乎不仅AT2受体本身在诱导细胞凋亡中起重要作用,其与AT1受体的相互作用也起重要作用。
{"title":"Influence of Angiotensin II on cell viability and apoptosis in rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in in vitro studies.","authors":"Aleksandra Piotrowska,&nbsp;Magdalena Chmielewska,&nbsp;Waldemar Andrzejewski,&nbsp;Piotr Dziegiel,&nbsp;Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow","doi":"10.1177/1470320320949850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320949850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Angiotensin II (Ang II) is multifunctional peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and maintenance electrolyte homeostasis. It shows biological effects by activating two main receptors: AT<sub>1</sub> and AT<sub>2</sub>. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Ang II on NRK-52E cells in in vitro studies. Furthermore, an attempt was made to determine the effectiveness of the AT<sub>1</sub> and AT<sub>2</sub> receptor blocker activity (respectively, losartan and PD123319).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out using adherent NRK-52E cell line. Immunofluorescence and Western Blot method were used to confirm the presence of AT<sub>1</sub> and AT<sub>2</sub> receptors in the cells. The SRB and MTT tests showed decrease in the viability of NRK-52E cells incubated with Ang II in comparison to the control (without Ang II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blockade of the AT<sub>1</sub> receptor caused an increase in cell viability in comparison to cells incubated with Ang II only. The blockade of AT<sub>2</sub> receptor also triggered statistically significant increase in cell viability in comparison with cells only exposed to Ang II. Combined administration of blockers for both receptors (losartan and PD123319) decreased Ang II cytotoxicity against NRK-52E cell line. The apoptosis was only observed in cells incubated with Ang II in comparison with control cells. However, simultaneous use of both blockers caused statistically significant decrease in apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result of our study indicates that Ang II causes damaging effect on NRK-52E cells by directing them to programmed cell death. It seems that not only does the AT<sub>2</sub> receptor itself play an important role in the induction of apoptosis, but also its interaction with AT<sub>1</sub> receptor does as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320949850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320949850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38407128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Zofenopril versus ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction: A retrospective study. 左非诺普利与雷米普利在急性心肌梗死合并收缩功能障碍早期的对比:一项回顾性研究。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320946530
Xiaoyang Liu, Xiaoling Xu, Yi Chu, Yingang Ren, Liping Wang

Introduction: Prognostic benefits of zofenopril over ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction have been reported by the SMILE study, but these benefits have not been tested in clinical practice in the Chinese population. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of zofenopril plus aspirin against ramipril plus aspirin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: Patients in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction received 30 mg zofenopril (ZF cohort, N=191) or 5 mg ramipril (RP cohort, N=256) b.i.d. plus 100 mg aspirin/day. Data regarding hospitalisation for cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular events and mortality were collected and analysed.

Results: During 1 year of treatment, 47 (25%) patients in the ZF cohort and 97 (40%) patients in the RP cohort were hospitalised due to cardiovascular disease (p=0.002), and three (2%) patients in the ZF cohort and 14 (6%) patients in the RP cohort died (p=0.043). Lower incidences of dry cough (p=0.001) and anaemia (p=0.049) were reported in the ZF cohort.

Conclusions: The study recommends zofenopril with 100 mg aspirin for a longer period in patients with acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction.

SMILE研究报告了急性心肌梗死早期佐非诺普利优于雷米普利的预后益处,但这些益处尚未在中国人群的临床实践中进行测试。本研究的目的是比较急性心肌梗死患者佐非诺普利加阿司匹林与雷米普利加阿司匹林的有效性和安全性。方法:急性心肌梗死早期患者每日服用唑非诺普利30 mg (ZF组,N=191)或雷米普利5 mg (RP组,N=256),外加阿司匹林100 mg /d。收集和分析了有关心血管疾病住院、非心血管事件和死亡率的数据。结果:1年治疗期间,ZF组47例(25%)和RP组97例(40%)患者因心血管疾病住院(p=0.002), ZF组3例(2%)和RP组14例(6%)患者死亡(p=0.043)。在ZF队列中,干咳(p=0.001)和贫血(p=0.049)的发生率较低。结论:该研究建议急性心肌梗死合并收缩功能障碍患者长期服用唑非普利与100mg阿司匹林。
{"title":"Zofenopril versus ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction: A retrospective study.","authors":"Xiaoyang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoling Xu,&nbsp;Yi Chu,&nbsp;Yingang Ren,&nbsp;Liping Wang","doi":"10.1177/1470320320946530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320946530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prognostic benefits of zofenopril over ramipril in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction have been reported by the SMILE study, but these benefits have not been tested in clinical practice in the Chinese population. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of zofenopril plus aspirin against ramipril plus aspirin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction received 30 mg zofenopril (ZF cohort, <i>N</i>=191) or 5 mg ramipril (RP cohort, <i>N</i>=256) b.i.d. plus 100 mg aspirin/day. Data regarding hospitalisation for cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular events and mortality were collected and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 1 year of treatment, 47 (25%) patients in the ZF cohort and 97 (40%) patients in the RP cohort were hospitalised due to cardiovascular disease (<i>p</i>=0.002), and three (2%) patients in the ZF cohort and 14 (6%) patients in the RP cohort died (<i>p</i>=0.043). Lower incidences of dry cough (<i>p</i>=0.001) and anaemia (<i>p</i>=0.049) were reported in the ZF cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study recommends zofenopril with 100 mg aspirin for a longer period in patients with acute myocardial infarction with systolic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"21 3","pages":"1470320320946530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1470320320946530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38342323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
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