We have developed a bilayer film comprising cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) underlayer and manganese dioxide (MnO2) upper layer, which are active toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), respectively. The bilayer bifunctional catalyst is synthesized by electrodepositing cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) on a porous carbon paper (CP) and subsequently immersing the obtained Co(OH)2/CP in a potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution without binders or conductive additives. Specifically, electron transfer between the already-deposited Co(OH)2 and MnO4– proceeded in the solution, yielding MnO2, until all the Co ions become trivalent, after which self-terminates. The proposed method only allows for the construction of the minimum required bifunctional catalyst only at the reaction site of the gas-diffusion electrode, i.e., at the so-called three-phase interface, thus remarkably increasing catalyst utilization while improving reactant and product diffusions. The developed catalyst shows stable MnO2/CoOOH cycles at |20| mA cm–2 with a minimal difference (0.764 V) between the OER and ORR potentials, reflecting the structural advantage of the proposed catalyst. This work proposes efficient bifunctional catalysts having spatially separated OER/ORR reactive sites that can be synthesized via the simple and scalable electrochemical method, which does not require the skill and optimization of binder and electron-conducting additives.
{"title":"Optimal Design of a Binder-Free Manganese/Cobalt Bilayer Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries","authors":"Takayuki Kiso, Tomoya Higo, Wataru Yoshida, Yu Katayama, Masaharu Nakayama","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7294","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a bilayer film comprising cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) underlayer and manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) upper layer, which are active toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), respectively. The bilayer bifunctional catalyst is synthesized by electrodepositing cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>) on a porous carbon paper (CP) and subsequently immersing the obtained Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/CP in a potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) solution without binders or conductive additives. Specifically, electron transfer between the already-deposited Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and MnO<sub>4</sub>\u0000<sup>–</sup> proceeded in the solution, yielding MnO<sub>2</sub>, until all the Co ions become trivalent, after which self-terminates. The proposed method only allows for the construction of the minimum required bifunctional catalyst only at the reaction site of the gas-diffusion electrode, i.e., at the so-called three-phase interface, thus remarkably increasing catalyst utilization while improving reactant and product diffusions. The developed catalyst shows stable MnO<sub>2</sub>/CoOOH cycles at |20| mA cm<sup>–2</sup> with a minimal difference (0.764 V) between the OER and ORR potentials, reflecting the structural advantage of the proposed catalyst. This work proposes efficient bifunctional catalysts having spatially separated OER/ORR reactive sites that can be synthesized via the simple and scalable electrochemical method, which does not require the skill and optimization of binder and electron-conducting additives.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7293
Alexander Sorensen, Jeffrey Belt
A thorough analysis of thermal runaway propagation was conducted, focusing on both module and cell levels, using a range of standard flammability and reduced flammability electrolytes in 18650 cells sourced from Eagle-Picher Technologies. Utilizing techniques such as accelerated rate calorimetry; cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures were evaluated, consistently demonstrating their reliability. Employing the NASA X-57 module billet as a strategy for mitigating thermal runaway propagation, the absorption of cell energy during failure events was observed, effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway between cells. Notably, the use of reduced flammability electrolyte resulted in an average reduction of 104 °C in maximum thermal runaway temperature at the module level, thereby offering decreased risk in preventing thermal runaway propagation during failures. Note the relatively modest 51 °C difference observed between reduced flammability and standard flammability cells during individual cell tests. This underscores the importance of conducting tests at both the cell and module levels in the development of systems for certification, where the cell-level data indicate a 51 °C discrepancy, while the module-level analysis shows a more substantial 104 °C differentiation.
{"title":"Analyzing Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules with Reduced Flammability Electrolyte Cells","authors":"Alexander Sorensen, Jeffrey Belt","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7293","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough analysis of thermal runaway propagation was conducted, focusing on both module and cell levels, using a range of standard flammability and reduced flammability electrolytes in 18650 cells sourced from Eagle-Picher Technologies. Utilizing techniques such as accelerated rate calorimetry; cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures were evaluated, consistently demonstrating their reliability. Employing the NASA X-57 module billet as a strategy for mitigating thermal runaway propagation, the absorption of cell energy during failure events was observed, effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway between cells. Notably, the use of reduced flammability electrolyte resulted in an average reduction of 104 °C in maximum thermal runaway temperature at the module level, thereby offering decreased risk in preventing thermal runaway propagation during failures. Note the relatively modest 51 °C difference observed between reduced flammability and standard flammability cells during individual cell tests. This underscores the importance of conducting tests at both the cell and module levels in the development of systems for certification, where the cell-level data indicate a 51 °C discrepancy, while the module-level analysis shows a more substantial 104 °C differentiation.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad716f
Parthasarathi Manimaran, Umamaheswari Rajaji, Shen-Ming Chen, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Samar A. Aldossari, Ting-Yu Liu
4-Aminophenol (4-APL/4-AP) is one of the toxic chemicals in the water sources. The electrochemical oxidation of 4-APL reaction was studied by electrochemical method with SPCE modified with perovskite rare-Earth ferrate (PrFeO3). The nanomaterials were characterize using various morphological analysis by TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS. PrFeO3 needles modified SPCE demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance towards the electrooxidation of 4-APL under pH 7.0, having anodic peak current significantly higher than those of the bare SPCE. Using CV and amperometry method to analyse the sensor performance toward 4-APL detection. In CV, the synthetic sensor plays wide 4-APL detection range from 100–500 μM. In amperometry method, the sensor plays wide range of 4-APL detection from 0.03 to 1859 μM and the limit of detection is 0.014 μM. Mainly the proposed sensor material of PrFeO3/SPCE exhibit an excellent 4-APL detection carrying out in various food samples. Furthermore, regarding 4-APL analysis, PrFeO3/SPCE demonstrate outstanding selectivity, low limit of detection, repeatability, reproducibility, and operational stability.
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare-earth Ferrate for Electrochemical Detection of 4-Aminophenol in Food Samples and Products","authors":"Parthasarathi Manimaran, Umamaheswari Rajaji, Shen-Ming Chen, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Samar A. Aldossari, Ting-Yu Liu","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad716f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad716f","url":null,"abstract":"4-Aminophenol (4-APL/4-AP) is one of the toxic chemicals in the water sources. The electrochemical oxidation of 4-APL reaction was studied by electrochemical method with SPCE modified with perovskite rare-Earth ferrate (PrFeO<sub>3</sub>). The nanomaterials were characterize using various morphological analysis by TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS. PrFeO<sub>3</sub> needles modified SPCE demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance towards the electrooxidation of 4-APL under pH 7.0, having anodic peak current significantly higher than those of the bare SPCE. Using CV and amperometry method to analyse the sensor performance toward 4-APL detection. In CV, the synthetic sensor plays wide 4-APL detection range from 100–500 μM. In amperometry method, the sensor plays wide range of 4-APL detection from 0.03 to 1859 μM and the limit of detection is 0.014 μM. Mainly the proposed sensor material of PrFeO<sub>3</sub>/SPCE exhibit an excellent 4-APL detection carrying out in various food samples. Furthermore, regarding 4-APL analysis, PrFeO<sub>3</sub>/SPCE demonstrate outstanding selectivity, low limit of detection, repeatability, reproducibility, and operational stability.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7170
Qiaoning Dang, Bolu Sun, Hongxia Shi, Quhuan Ma, Yuhong Liu, Haoye Zou, Xinlan Wang, Xuanxiu Da, Miao Zhou, Ying Lv, Lin Yang, Xiaofeng Shi
Fusarium acid (FSA) serves as a highly sensitive biomarker for the early warning of bulb rot in Lanzhou lily caused by Fusarium oxysporum infection. Realizing its highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection is crucial for the early warning and control of lily bulb rot. Herein, an enzyme biosensor based on the enzyme inhibition principle was developed for the rapid detection of FSA. Firstly, chitosan-functionalized carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS@cMWCNTS) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were modified on a bare electrode by drop coating and electrochemical deposition methods, respectively. Subsequently, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) was firmly immobilized on the electrode surface through the gold-sulfur bond. Because the activity of DBH can be inhibited by FSA, which leads to a noticeable change in the signal response during the conversion of dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NA). Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 1.00 × 10−5 μg ml−1 ∼ 1.00 × 103 μg ml−1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9856 and the detection limit is 4.60pg ml−1. Additionally, the sensor showed good stability, repeatability (RSD 1.85%), and selectivity. The method was applied to analyze FSA in the extraction from Lanzhou lily with a recovery higher than 97.59% and RSD less than 1.383%. This method enables the highly sensitive and rapid detection of FSA in real samples, and provides scientific basis and technical support for early warning of diseases and accurate implementation of prevention and control strategies in crop planting and production.
{"title":"A Highly Sensitive and Rapid Enzyme Biosensor Based on AuNPs/CS@cMWCNTS for Detecting Fusarium Acid","authors":"Qiaoning Dang, Bolu Sun, Hongxia Shi, Quhuan Ma, Yuhong Liu, Haoye Zou, Xinlan Wang, Xuanxiu Da, Miao Zhou, Ying Lv, Lin Yang, Xiaofeng Shi","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7170","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium acid (FSA) serves as a highly sensitive biomarker for the early warning of bulb rot in Lanzhou lily caused by Fusarium oxysporum infection. Realizing its highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection is crucial for the early warning and control of lily bulb rot. Herein, an enzyme biosensor based on the enzyme inhibition principle was developed for the rapid detection of FSA. Firstly, chitosan-functionalized carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS@cMWCNTS) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were modified on a bare electrode by drop coating and electrochemical deposition methods, respectively. Subsequently, dopamine <italic toggle=\"yes\">β</italic>-hydroxylase (DBH) was firmly immobilized on the electrode surface through the gold-sulfur bond. Because the activity of DBH can be inhibited by FSA, which leads to a noticeable change in the signal response during the conversion of dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NA). Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 1.00 × 10<sup>−5</sup> μg ml<sup>−1</sup> ∼ 1.00 × 10<sup>3</sup> μg ml<sup>−1</sup> with the correlation coefficient of 0.9856 and the detection limit is 4.60pg ml<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the sensor showed good stability, repeatability (RSD 1.85%), and selectivity. The method was applied to analyze FSA in the extraction from Lanzhou lily with a recovery higher than 97.59% and RSD less than 1.383%. This method enables the highly sensitive and rapid detection of FSA in real samples, and provides scientific basis and technical support for early warning of diseases and accurate implementation of prevention and control strategies in crop planting and production.<inline-formula>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jesad7170-ga.jpg\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"347 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad70d8
Hunter Teel, Taylor R. Garrick, Srikant Srinivasan, Fengkun Wang, Yangbing Zeng, Sirivatch Shimpalee
In this work, discrete element method (DEM) simulations were used to probe changes in electrode porosity, electrode strain, and the resultant pressure changes for composite electrodes comprised of active material and binder particles. Through the results acquired by these simulations, three cases that are representative of two limiting cases for electrode operation, and one case for realistic electrode face pressure during operation were captured and the implications on design and performance are discussed. Predicting changes in the porosity is a unique insight that is difficult if not impossible to capture experimentally but is important for predicting changes in electrochemical performance during cycling, and should be addressed early on in the design phase for automotive and grid storage battery design and performance.
{"title":"Addressing Strain and Porosity Changes of Battery Electrodes Due to Reversible Expansion through DEM Simulations","authors":"Hunter Teel, Taylor R. Garrick, Srikant Srinivasan, Fengkun Wang, Yangbing Zeng, Sirivatch Shimpalee","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad70d8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad70d8","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, discrete element method (DEM) simulations were used to probe changes in electrode porosity, electrode strain, and the resultant pressure changes for composite electrodes comprised of active material and binder particles. Through the results acquired by these simulations, three cases that are representative of two limiting cases for electrode operation, and one case for realistic electrode face pressure during operation were captured and the implications on design and performance are discussed. Predicting changes in the porosity is a unique insight that is difficult if not impossible to capture experimentally but is important for predicting changes in electrochemical performance during cycling, and should be addressed early on in the design phase for automotive and grid storage battery design and performance.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7171
Mohamed Abd-Elsabour, Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem, Mohamed N. Goda, Mohamed S. Mohy-Eldin
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of various cancers, necessitating accurate and sensitive detection techniques. Hybrid materials, combining organic and inorganic components, offer superior electrochemical characteristics, including enhanced conductivity and stability. Herein, NiO nanorods (NiONRs) were synthesized using Mangifera indica leaves extract and decorated with chitosan curcumin analog Schiff base (Cs-Cur-A). The characterization of the NiONRs and Cs-Cur-A were investigated through different techniques including FT-IR, 1HNMR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor to determine 5-FU was elucidated using a Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The anodic peak current of 5-FU was greatly enhanced at the Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs/GCE with pH 7.0 and a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. According to chronoamperometric measurements, the value of diffusion coefficient (D) was estimated to be 2.96 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the fabricated sensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.1–150.0 μM) with a low limit of detection (21.75 nM). Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the detection of 5-FU in blood serum and urine samples with high reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity.
{"title":"Electrochemical Nanomolar Determination of the Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil Using Chitosan Curcumin Schiff Base-Decorated NiO Nanorods Synthesized with Green Method","authors":"Mohamed Abd-Elsabour, Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem, Mohamed N. Goda, Mohamed S. Mohy-Eldin","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7171","url":null,"abstract":"5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of various cancers, necessitating accurate and sensitive detection techniques. Hybrid materials, combining organic and inorganic components, offer superior electrochemical characteristics, including enhanced conductivity and stability. Herein, NiO nanorods (NiONRs) were synthesized using <italic toggle=\"yes\">Mangifera indica</italic> leaves extract and decorated with chitosan curcumin analog Schiff base (Cs-Cur-A). The characterization of the NiONRs and Cs-Cur-A were investigated through different techniques including FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>HNMR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor to determine 5-FU was elucidated using a Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The anodic peak current of 5-FU was greatly enhanced at the Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs/GCE with pH 7.0 and a scan rate of 50 mV s<sup>−1</sup>. According to chronoamperometric measurements, the value of diffusion coefficient (D) was estimated to be 2.96 × 10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>2 </sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the fabricated sensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.1–150.0 μM) with a low limit of detection (21.75 nM). Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the detection of 5-FU in blood serum and urine samples with high reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7172
Rafiq Ahmad, Marya Khan, 0000-0003-0020-7805Abdullah3, Md. Tabish Rehman, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Shamshad Alam, Prabhash Mishra, Byeong-Il Lee
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are valued for their ultrathin planar surface and high charge carrier mobility, which offer enhanced sensing capabilities. Herein, we synthesised 2D nanoflake–like copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures using a hydrothermal method for electrochemical riboflavin sensor fabrication. Electrochemical analysis of nanoflake–like CuO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was analysed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for testing the electrochemical sensing performance of the fabricated riboflavin sensor. The designed sensor detected riboflavin in concentrations ranging from 10 to 1250 nM with a high sensitivity (571.8 μA/μM cm2) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.5 nM. The sensor’s excellent electrocatalytic activity towards riboflavin is primarily attributed to the unique CuO nanoflake–like morphology that provides a high surface area. Furthermore, sensors showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, essential attributes for precise riboflavin detection and long-term usage. Overall, the electrochemical sensor based on nanoflake–like CuO nanostructures represents a promising platform for sensitive riboflavin detection. An easy synthesis of 2D nanoflake–like CuO nanostructures provides the possibility of future potential applications of these nanomaterials in analytical chemistry domains such as biomedical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Electrochemical Riboflavin Detection Using 2D Nanoflake–Like CuO Nanostructure Modified Electrodes","authors":"Rafiq Ahmad, Marya Khan, 0000-0003-0020-7805Abdullah3, Md. Tabish Rehman, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Shamshad Alam, Prabhash Mishra, Byeong-Il Lee","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7172","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are valued for their ultrathin planar surface and high charge carrier mobility, which offer enhanced sensing capabilities. Herein, we synthesised 2D nanoflake–like copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures using a hydrothermal method for electrochemical riboflavin sensor fabrication. Electrochemical analysis of nanoflake–like CuO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was analysed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for testing the electrochemical sensing performance of the fabricated riboflavin sensor. The designed sensor detected riboflavin in concentrations ranging from 10 to 1250 nM with a high sensitivity (571.8 μA/μM cm<sup>2</sup>) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.5 nM. The sensor’s excellent electrocatalytic activity towards riboflavin is primarily attributed to the unique CuO nanoflake–like morphology that provides a high surface area. Furthermore, sensors showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, essential attributes for precise riboflavin detection and long-term usage. Overall, the electrochemical sensor based on nanoflake–like CuO nanostructures represents a promising platform for sensitive riboflavin detection. An easy synthesis of 2D nanoflake–like CuO nanostructures provides the possibility of future potential applications of these nanomaterials in analytical chemistry domains such as biomedical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad6cbc
Van Anh Nguyen, Roger C. Newman, Nicholas J. Laycock
A 2-D reaction transport model with the phase field method was employed here to simulate the propagation stage of corrosion pitting in stainless steels in a chloride environment. The influence of the salt film on pitting dissolution kinetics was incorporated into the model to study its effect on the pit morphology under various settings. In potentiostatic conditions, the pit morphology tends toward a dish-like shape due to the presence of the salt film inside a corrosion pit. This leads to diffusion-controlled dissolution at the pit bottom and active dissolution near the pit mouth. On the contrary, in galvanostatic conditions and at a high applied current, although the salt film was initially present, its effect diminished as the chemistry inside the pit became diluted and the pit growth transitioned into active dissolution near the repassivation current. This effect is attributed to the limited resources to support the enlargement of a corrosion pit under constant applied current. As a result, the pit morphology in galvanostatic conditions is likely to be hemispherical and can transition into complex morphology, as discussed in a previous paper.
{"title":"A 2-D Reaction-Transport Model for Investigating Pit Morphology Under the Influence of a Salt Film","authors":"Van Anh Nguyen, Roger C. Newman, Nicholas J. Laycock","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6cbc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6cbc","url":null,"abstract":"A 2-D reaction transport model with the phase field method was employed here to simulate the propagation stage of corrosion pitting in stainless steels in a chloride environment. The influence of the salt film on pitting dissolution kinetics was incorporated into the model to study its effect on the pit morphology under various settings. In potentiostatic conditions, the pit morphology tends toward a dish-like shape due to the presence of the salt film inside a corrosion pit. This leads to diffusion-controlled dissolution at the pit bottom and active dissolution near the pit mouth. On the contrary, in galvanostatic conditions and at a high applied current, although the salt film was initially present, its effect diminished as the chemistry inside the pit became diluted and the pit growth transitioned into active dissolution near the repassivation current. This effect is attributed to the limited resources to support the enlargement of a corrosion pit under constant applied current. As a result, the pit morphology in galvanostatic conditions is likely to be hemispherical and can transition into complex morphology, as discussed in a previous paper.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improvement in durability is one of the important subjects for utilizing solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) systems widely. In SOEC stacks, separators are exposed to complexed dual atmosphere (i.e. hydrogen - steam mixed gases and oxygen rich air are on each side). In this study, the degradation phenomena of separator materials (SUS430, ZMG232G10, Crofer22APU) in SOEC dual atmosphere were investigated. The samples were exposed in SOEC dual and simple atmospheres at 700 °C for 500 h. Then, their cross sections were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The degradation mechanisms of the separator materials in the SOEC stack operating conditions were discussed. ZMG232G10 and Crofer22APU with high Cr content showed thin oxide layer under both the dual or single atmosphere, while SUS430 with low Cr content showed significant oxidation in the H2-steam atmosphere and on the air side under the dual atmosphere condition. The significant oxidation on the air side of the dual atmosphere of SUS430 observed in this study is a unique phenomenon under the dual atmosphere condition and not observed in a single air atmosphere.
{"title":"Accelerated High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steel under Air/H2+H2O Dual Atmosphere","authors":"Riko Inuzuka, Norikazu Osada, Kiyoshi Imai, Tsuneji Kameda, Tatsumi Ishihara","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6bc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6bc4","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement in durability is one of the important subjects for utilizing solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) systems widely. In SOEC stacks, separators are exposed to complexed dual atmosphere (i.e. hydrogen - steam mixed gases and oxygen rich air are on each side). In this study, the degradation phenomena of separator materials (SUS430, ZMG232G10, Crofer22APU) in SOEC dual atmosphere were investigated. The samples were exposed in SOEC dual and simple atmospheres at 700 °C for 500 h. Then, their cross sections were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The degradation mechanisms of the separator materials in the SOEC stack operating conditions were discussed. ZMG232G10 and Crofer22APU with high Cr content showed thin oxide layer under both the dual or single atmosphere, while SUS430 with low Cr content showed significant oxidation in the H2-steam atmosphere and on the air side under the dual atmosphere condition. The significant oxidation on the air side of the dual atmosphere of SUS430 observed in this study is a unique phenomenon under the dual atmosphere condition and not observed in a single air atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad6eba
Qingliang Zhang, Ningsong Qu
Copper alloys, such as ZCuPb10Sn10, have been widely applied to friction pairs in various products. Surface texture, such as micro-dimple array has attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide to improve tribological performance. To generate micro-dimple array on ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy by electrochemical machining, it is essential to investigate the electrochemical dissolution behavior of ZCuPb10Sn10 in NaNO3 solution. In this paper, the electrochemical dissolution behavior of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy in NaNO3 solution is investigated through experimental tests. Anodic polarization, Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to investigate its passive and corrosion behavior. The microstructure and composition of the dissolved surfaces were analyzed under various conditions. Additionally, a model was proposed to explain the electrochemical dissolution process of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy in NaNO3 solution under high pressure hydrostatic conditions. Ultimately, a NaNO3 solution with 10% in concentration and 20 °C in temperature was selected as the electrolyte and a micro-dimple array with an average diameter of 119.7 μm and a depth of 7.4 μm was successfully generated with through-mask electrochemical micromachining on the surface of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy.
{"title":"Electrochemical Dissolution Behavior of ZCuPb10Sn10 Alloy in NaNO3 Solution","authors":"Qingliang Zhang, Ningsong Qu","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6eba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6eba","url":null,"abstract":"Copper alloys, such as ZCuPb10Sn10, have been widely applied to friction pairs in various products. Surface texture, such as micro-dimple array has attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide to improve tribological performance. To generate micro-dimple array on ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy by electrochemical machining, it is essential to investigate the electrochemical dissolution behavior of ZCuPb10Sn10 in NaNO<sub>3</sub> solution. In this paper, the electrochemical dissolution behavior of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy in NaNO<sub>3</sub> solution is investigated through experimental tests. Anodic polarization, Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to investigate its passive and corrosion behavior. The microstructure and composition of the dissolved surfaces were analyzed under various conditions. Additionally, a model was proposed to explain the electrochemical dissolution process of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy in NaNO<sub>3</sub> solution under high pressure hydrostatic conditions. Ultimately, a NaNO<sub>3</sub> solution with 10% in concentration and 20 °C in temperature was selected as the electrolyte and a micro-dimple array with an average diameter of 119.7 μm and a depth of 7.4 μm was successfully generated with through-mask electrochemical micromachining on the surface of ZCuPb10Sn10 alloy.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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