Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1964
Felipe Barrera Méndez, Laura Stefany Licona Velázquez, Diter Augusto Miranda Sánchez, Aidée Jazmín Anguiano Hernández, Israel Bonilla Landa, José Luis Olivares Romero, Randy Ortíz Castro, Greta Hanako Rosas Saito, Juan Luis Monribot Villanueva, José Antonio Guerrero Analco, Oscar Carmona-Hernández, Juan Carlos Noa Carrazana
Abstract. Synthetic fungicides are used to control fungal diseases in plants, such as those caused by members of the Fusarium genus. Nonetheless, the over-application of synthetic formulations can generate other problems, like phytotoxicity, or the pollution of water and soil. In this context, botanical extracts with antifungal properties can represent an environmentally friendly alternative to control fungal infections. The application of natural products in the form of crude extracts still requires the incorporation of toxic organic solvents to be used as vehicle. Nanotechnology allows the dispersion of hydroalcoholic extracts in water simply by the nanoencapsulation of the active molecules in a biodegradable polymer, with the advantage that no organic solvents are required while, at the same time, this polymer may protect the extract against photodegradation. The present study aims to encapsulate an antifungal Piper schlechtendalii crude extract in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanospheres, conferring good dispersion in water while protecting the active ingredients against degradation by solar irradiation. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency obtained were 170 nm, -37 mV, and 33.7 %, respectively. The system obtained showed good dispersion in water, in the form of a colloidal suspension of polymeric nanospheres. After 24 h of exposure to UV-A radiation, crude extract only retained 58.35 % of its original Fusarium solani growth inhibition capacity, while the nanoencapsulated extract retained 70 %. The study concluded that the biodegradable polymer does confer photoprotection to the active ingredients in the antifungal Piper extract while simultaneously removing the necessity of organic solvents as vehicles, potentially reducing the environmental impact. Resumen. Los fungicidas sintéticos son usados para controlar enfermedades fúngicas en plantas, como aquellas causadas por el género Fusarium. Sin embargo, la aplicación desmedida de formulaciones sintéticas puede generar otros problemas, como fitotoxicidad, o contaminación de agua y suelos. En este contexto, extractos botánicos con propiedades antifúngicas representan una alternativa ecológicamente amigable para controlar infecciones fúngicas. La aplicación de productos naturales en forma de extractos crudos aún requiere la incorporación de disolventes orgánicos tóxicos para ser utilizados como vehículos. La nanotecnología permite la dispersión de extractos hidroalcóholicos en agua simplemente nanoencapsulando las moléculas activas en polímeros biodegradables, con la ventaja de que no requiere disolventes orgánicos mientras que, a la vez, dicho polímero protege al extracto contra fotodegradación. El presente estudio busca encapsular un extracto crudo antifúngico de Piper schlechtendalii en nanoesferas de poli(ácido láctico-co-glicólico), brindando buena dispersión en agua mientras se protege a los ingredientes activos contra degradación por luz solar. El tamaño de
{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of Antifungal Piper schlechtendalii Extract in Poly(lactide-co-glycolic) Acid to Enhance Photostability","authors":"Felipe Barrera Méndez, Laura Stefany Licona Velázquez, Diter Augusto Miranda Sánchez, Aidée Jazmín Anguiano Hernández, Israel Bonilla Landa, José Luis Olivares Romero, Randy Ortíz Castro, Greta Hanako Rosas Saito, Juan Luis Monribot Villanueva, José Antonio Guerrero Analco, Oscar Carmona-Hernández, Juan Carlos Noa Carrazana","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Synthetic fungicides are used to control fungal diseases in plants, such as those caused by members of the Fusarium genus. Nonetheless, the over-application of synthetic formulations can generate other problems, like phytotoxicity, or the pollution of water and soil. In this context, botanical extracts with antifungal properties can represent an environmentally friendly alternative to control fungal infections. The application of natural products in the form of crude extracts still requires the incorporation of toxic organic solvents to be used as vehicle. Nanotechnology allows the dispersion of hydroalcoholic extracts in water simply by the nanoencapsulation of the active molecules in a biodegradable polymer, with the advantage that no organic solvents are required while, at the same time, this polymer may protect the extract against photodegradation. The present study aims to encapsulate an antifungal Piper schlechtendalii crude extract in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanospheres, conferring good dispersion in water while protecting the active ingredients against degradation by solar irradiation. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency obtained were 170 nm, -37 mV, and 33.7 %, respectively. The system obtained showed good dispersion in water, in the form of a colloidal suspension of polymeric nanospheres. After 24 h of exposure to UV-A radiation, crude extract only retained 58.35 % of its original Fusarium solani growth inhibition capacity, while the nanoencapsulated extract retained 70 %. The study concluded that the biodegradable polymer does confer photoprotection to the active ingredients in the antifungal Piper extract while simultaneously removing the necessity of organic solvents as vehicles, potentially reducing the environmental impact.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Los fungicidas sintéticos son usados para controlar enfermedades fúngicas en plantas, como aquellas causadas por el género Fusarium. Sin embargo, la aplicación desmedida de formulaciones sintéticas puede generar otros problemas, como fitotoxicidad, o contaminación de agua y suelos. En este contexto, extractos botánicos con propiedades antifúngicas representan una alternativa ecológicamente amigable para controlar infecciones fúngicas. La aplicación de productos naturales en forma de extractos crudos aún requiere la incorporación de disolventes orgánicos tóxicos para ser utilizados como vehículos. La nanotecnología permite la dispersión de extractos hidroalcóholicos en agua simplemente nanoencapsulando las moléculas activas en polímeros biodegradables, con la ventaja de que no requiere disolventes orgánicos mientras que, a la vez, dicho polímero protege al extracto contra fotodegradación. El presente estudio busca encapsular un extracto crudo antifúngico de Piper schlechtendalii en nanoesferas de poli(ácido láctico-co-glicólico), brindando buena dispersión en agua mientras se protege a los ingredientes activos contra degradación por luz solar. El tamaño de ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2061
Josué Vazquez-Chavez, Brian A. Verdeja-Perdomo, M. A. Iglesias‐Arteaga
Abstract. The application of the four-component Ugi reaction for the synthesis of five bile acid derivatives bearing modified side chains is described. The unambiguous structural characterization and assignment of the functional 1H NMR signals and all 13C{1H} NMR chemical shifts are presented. Resumen. Se describe la aplicación de la reacción de cuatro componentes de Ugi a la síntesis de cinco derivados de ácidos biliares que portan cadenas laterales modificadas. Se presenta la caracterización estructural inequívoca y la asignación de las señales funcionales de 1H RMN y de todos los desplazamientos químicos de 13C{1H} RMN.
摘要介绍了应用四组份 Ugi 反应合成五种具有修饰侧链的胆汁酸衍生物的过程，并给出了明确的结构特征、功能 1H NMR 信号的分配以及所有 13C{1H} NMR 化学位移。摘要介绍了应用四组分 Ugi 反应合成带有修饰侧链的五种胆汁酸衍生物的过程。介绍了 1H NMR 功能信号和所有 13C{1H} NMR 化学位移的明确结构特征和分配。
{"title":"Synthesis and NMR characterization of Bile Acid Derivatives Bearing Ugi 4CR-Modified Side Chains","authors":"Josué Vazquez-Chavez, Brian A. Verdeja-Perdomo, M. A. Iglesias‐Arteaga","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The application of the four-component Ugi reaction for the synthesis of five bile acid derivatives bearing modified side chains is described. The unambiguous structural characterization and assignment of the functional 1H NMR signals and all 13C{1H} NMR chemical shifts are presented.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Se describe la aplicación de la reacción de cuatro componentes de Ugi a la síntesis de cinco derivados de ácidos biliares que portan cadenas laterales modificadas. Se presenta la caracterización estructural inequívoca y la asignación de las señales funcionales de 1H RMN y de todos los desplazamientos químicos de 13C{1H} RMN.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1936
Masoud Rashidi, N. Dorosti, Alireza Gholipour
Abstract. Phosphine chalcogenides can form reliable and reproducible supramolecular synthons through noncovalent interactions that can be employed for designing high dimensional supramolecular architectures. Here, we systematically study the influence of non-covalent interactions in the fabrication of these synthons and the stability of the crystalline structure of (N2C4H3)C(O)NHP(S)(C6H5)2 (1) through non-covalent interactions (NCI) analysis, molecular Hirshfeld surfaces and the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots. The theoretical studies were employed to further confirm the presence of these synthons by comparing the stabilization energies of the dimers and monomers. The nature and electronic structure of the phosphor-chalcogenid bond in (N2C4H3)C(O)NHP(E)(OC6H5)2(E = S(1), O(2), and Se (3)) have also been evaluated by QTAIM, NBO, MEP, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps.
{"title":"Theoretical Investigation Non-covalent Interactions of N-(diphenylphosphinothioyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide","authors":"Masoud Rashidi, N. Dorosti, Alireza Gholipour","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1936","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Phosphine chalcogenides can form reliable and reproducible supramolecular synthons through noncovalent interactions that can be employed for designing high dimensional supramolecular architectures. Here, we systematically study the influence of non-covalent interactions in the fabrication of these synthons and the stability of the crystalline structure of (N2C4H3)C(O)NHP(S)(C6H5)2 (1) through non-covalent interactions (NCI) analysis, molecular Hirshfeld surfaces and the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots. The theoretical studies were employed to further confirm the presence of these synthons by comparing the stabilization energies of the dimers and monomers. The nature and electronic structure of the phosphor-chalcogenid bond in (N2C4H3)C(O)NHP(E)(OC6H5)2(E = S(1), O(2), and Se (3)) have also been evaluated by QTAIM, NBO, MEP, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1925
Irene Lagunes, Á. Trigos
Abstract. Singlet oxygen generation is possible by photosensitizer molecules able to absorb energy from light and transfer it to molecular oxygen. Singlet oxygen is able to react with components of cellular membranes such as cholesterol leading to peroxidation products implicated in photoaging. In order to prevent oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species, skincare products enriched with antioxidants have been developed; in spite of some pro-oxidant effects associated with antioxidants has been reported. Based on this data, the photosensitizing ability of 14 antioxidants commonly used in skincare products was evaluated through the photo-oxidation of ergosterol, using ergosterol as oxidizable substrate to quench singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen indirectly detection was performed through 1H-NMR mixtures analysis by ergosterol peroxide detection. The results revealed that fisetin, retinol, cyanidin and hesperetin they acted as photosensitizer antioxidants in generation of singlet oxygen. Conversely, caffeic acid, luteolin, rutin, vanillic acid, ascorbic acid, apigenin, epigallocatechin gallate, rosmarinic acid, myricetin and kaempferol were not able to generate singlet oxygen through a photosensitized mechanism. Our results allow us to suggest that the incorporation of antioxidants in skincare products as anti-aging treatments should be supported by their evaluation against photosensitizing ability in order to increase their safety. Resumen. La generación del oxígeno singulete es posible a través de moléculas fotosensibilizadoras capaces de absorber energía proveniente de la luz y transferirla al oxígeno molecular. El oxígeno singulete es capaz de reaccionar con componentes de membranas celulares como el colesterol formando productos de peroxidación implicados en el foto-envejecimiento. Para prevenir el daño oxidativo causado por especies reactivas del oxígeno, se han desarrollado productos para el cuidado de la piel enriquecidos con antioxidantes, a pesar de que han sido reportados algunos efectos prooxidantes asociados a los antioxidantes. Con base en lo anterior, se evaluó la capacidad fotosensibilizadora de 14 antioxidantes comúnmente utilizados en productos para el cuidado de la piel mediante la foto-oxidación de ergosterol, utilizando ergosterol como sustrato oxidable para atrapar oxígeno singulete. La detección indirecta del oxígeno singulete se realizó mediante análisis de mezclas de RMN-1H a través de la detección de peróxido de ergosterol. Los resultados mostraron que fisetina, retinol, cianidina y hesperetina actuaron como antioxidantes fotosensibilizadores en la generación de oxígeno singulete. Por el contrario, ácido cafeico, luteolina, rutina, ácido vainillínico, ácido ascórbico, apigenina, galato de epigalocatequina, ácido rosmarínico, miricetina y kaempferol no fueron capaces de generar oxígeno singulete mediante mecanismos fotosensibilizados. Los resultados permiten sugerir que la incorporación de antioxidantes en productos
{"title":"Evaluation of Photosensitizing Ability of Antioxidants Used in Skincare Products","authors":"Irene Lagunes, Á. Trigos","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1925","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Singlet oxygen generation is possible by photosensitizer molecules able to absorb energy from light and transfer it to molecular oxygen. Singlet oxygen is able to react with components of cellular membranes such as cholesterol leading to peroxidation products implicated in photoaging. In order to prevent oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species, skincare products enriched with antioxidants have been developed; in spite of some pro-oxidant effects associated with antioxidants has been reported. Based on this data, the photosensitizing ability of 14 antioxidants commonly used in skincare products was evaluated through the photo-oxidation of ergosterol, using ergosterol as oxidizable substrate to quench singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen indirectly detection was performed through 1H-NMR mixtures analysis by ergosterol peroxide detection. The results revealed that fisetin, retinol, cyanidin and hesperetin they acted as photosensitizer antioxidants in generation of singlet oxygen. Conversely, caffeic acid, luteolin, rutin, vanillic acid, ascorbic acid, apigenin, epigallocatechin gallate, rosmarinic acid, myricetin and kaempferol were not able to generate singlet oxygen through a photosensitized mechanism. Our results allow us to suggest that the incorporation of antioxidants in skincare products as anti-aging treatments should be supported by their evaluation against photosensitizing ability in order to increase their safety.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. La generación del oxígeno singulete es posible a través de moléculas fotosensibilizadoras capaces de absorber energía proveniente de la luz y transferirla al oxígeno molecular. El oxígeno singulete es capaz de reaccionar con componentes de membranas celulares como el colesterol formando productos de peroxidación implicados en el foto-envejecimiento. Para prevenir el daño oxidativo causado por especies reactivas del oxígeno, se han desarrollado productos para el cuidado de la piel enriquecidos con antioxidantes, a pesar de que han sido reportados algunos efectos prooxidantes asociados a los antioxidantes. Con base en lo anterior, se evaluó la capacidad fotosensibilizadora de 14 antioxidantes comúnmente utilizados en productos para el cuidado de la piel mediante la foto-oxidación de ergosterol, utilizando ergosterol como sustrato oxidable para atrapar oxígeno singulete. La detección indirecta del oxígeno singulete se realizó mediante análisis de mezclas de RMN-1H a través de la detección de peróxido de ergosterol. Los resultados mostraron que fisetina, retinol, cianidina y hesperetina actuaron como antioxidantes fotosensibilizadores en la generación de oxígeno singulete. Por el contrario, ácido cafeico, luteolina, rutina, ácido vainillínico, ácido ascórbico, apigenina, galato de epigalocatequina, ácido rosmarínico, miricetina y kaempferol no fueron capaces de generar oxígeno singulete mediante mecanismos fotosensibilizados. Los resultados permiten sugerir que la incorporación de antioxidantes en productos","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1898
Emmanuel U. Ejiofor, Alwell C. Ako, Maxwell T. Kube, E. Agwamba, Chinweuba Alala, Kelvin Maduabuchi, M. Ejiofor
Abstract. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder indicative of red blood cells becoming sickle-shaped. The study investigated the in vitro anti-sickling potentials of the seed oil of M. flagellipes. The phytochemistry (fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals) was also determined using standard protocols. Finally, nutritional calculations on the oil were performed to determine its suitability for nutritional purposes. The result showed high zinc content (780 ± 2.50 µg/ 100 mg), while low iron content was observed (170 ± 1.30 µg/ 100 mg). Vitamin analysis showed the presence of vitamins A, E and K with values of 220 ± 1.60, 370 ± 2.20, and 197 ± 0.23 µg/100 mg respectively. The fatty acid profile revealed oleic (31.87 %) and linoleic (18.30 %) fatty acids as the major unsaturated fat in the oil, while palmitic fatty acid (5.91 %) was the major saturated fatty acid. Nutritional calculations showed high PUFA/SFA (2.07), MUFA/SFA (3.62), and UI (68.47). However, the index of thrombogenicity (0.07) and atherogenicity (0.11) was low in the seed oil. Finally, the in vitro anti-sickling potentials of the seed oil showed the oil inhibited and reversed sickling in a dose-dependent manner. Hbs polymerization was also inhibited and Fe2+/Fe3+ was upregulated following treatment with the seed oil. Collectively, the oil showed good anti-sickling potentials, which can be labelled to the presence of zinc, vitamins and unsaturated fat. The nutritional calculations suggest that the seed oil is cardio-friendly and does not pose any nutritional threat.
{"title":"Phytochemistry, Mineral Estimation, Nutritional, and the In Vitro Anti-Sickling Potentials of Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Mucuna Flagellipes","authors":"Emmanuel U. Ejiofor, Alwell C. Ako, Maxwell T. Kube, E. Agwamba, Chinweuba Alala, Kelvin Maduabuchi, M. Ejiofor","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1898","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder indicative of red blood cells becoming sickle-shaped. The study investigated the in vitro anti-sickling potentials of the seed oil of M. flagellipes. The phytochemistry (fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals) was also determined using standard protocols. Finally, nutritional calculations on the oil were performed to determine its suitability for nutritional purposes. The result showed high zinc content (780 ± 2.50 µg/ 100 mg), while low iron content was observed (170 ± 1.30 µg/ 100 mg). Vitamin analysis showed the presence of vitamins A, E and K with values of 220 ± 1.60, 370 ± 2.20, and 197 ± 0.23 µg/100 mg respectively. The fatty acid profile revealed oleic (31.87 %) and linoleic (18.30 %) fatty acids as the major unsaturated fat in the oil, while palmitic fatty acid (5.91 %) was the major saturated fatty acid. Nutritional calculations showed high PUFA/SFA (2.07), MUFA/SFA (3.62), and UI (68.47). However, the index of thrombogenicity (0.07) and atherogenicity (0.11) was low in the seed oil. Finally, the in vitro anti-sickling potentials of the seed oil showed the oil inhibited and reversed sickling in a dose-dependent manner. Hbs polymerization was also inhibited and Fe2+/Fe3+ was upregulated following treatment with the seed oil. Collectively, the oil showed good anti-sickling potentials, which can be labelled to the presence of zinc, vitamins and unsaturated fat. The nutritional calculations suggest that the seed oil is cardio-friendly and does not pose any nutritional threat.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1981
Nadir Jori, M. S. Islas, E. Ferrer, Patricia Ana María Williams
Abstract. Aliskiren (Alk) is a highly selective competitive inhibitor of renin used for the treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. With the aim of improving its biological properties by the strategy of the induction of favorable conformational changes, we designed a metal-based drug. In this work we report the synthesis of a solid copper(II) complex with aliskiren, CuAlk, and its characterization in solution and solid-state. Moreover, and based on the association of hypertension with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant properties of CuAlk were studied measuring the activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH·), hydroxyl (OH·) and peroxyl (ROO·) radicals, in addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) simil activity. Both the ligand and the complex were able to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, but upon complexation, the SOD mimetic activity of the ligand is enhanced. Resumen. El Aliskiren (Alk) es un inhibidor por competencia altamente selectivo de la renina que se utiliza en el tratamiento de la hipertensión y enfermedades cardiovasculares relacionadas. Se diseñó un metalofármaco con la idea de mejorar las propiedades biológicas mediante la inducción de cambios conformacionales favorables. En este trabajo se reporta la síntesis de un complejo sólido de cobre(II) con aliskiren, CuAlk, junto con su caracterización en fase sólida y en solución. Además, de acuerdo con la relación que existe entre la hipertensión y los niveles elevados de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), se estudian las propiedades antioxidantes del CuAlk frente a los radicales 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH·), hidroxilo (OH·) y peroxilo (ROO·), además de la actividad superóxido dismutasa símil (SOD). Tanto el ligando, como el complejo fueron capaces de secuestrar radicales hidroxilos, pero, luego de la complejación, se mejoró la actividad SOD símil del ligando.
{"title":"Aliskiren Copper(II) Complex. Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Nadir Jori, M. S. Islas, E. Ferrer, Patricia Ana María Williams","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aliskiren (Alk) is a highly selective competitive inhibitor of renin used for the treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. With the aim of improving its biological properties by the strategy of the induction of favorable conformational changes, we designed a metal-based drug. In this work we report the synthesis of a solid copper(II) complex with aliskiren, CuAlk, and its characterization in solution and solid-state. Moreover, and based on the association of hypertension with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant properties of CuAlk were studied measuring the activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH·), hydroxyl (OH·) and peroxyl (ROO·) radicals, in addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) simil activity. Both the ligand and the complex were able to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, but upon complexation, the SOD mimetic activity of the ligand is enhanced.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. El Aliskiren (Alk) es un inhibidor por competencia altamente selectivo de la renina que se utiliza en el tratamiento de la hipertensión y enfermedades cardiovasculares relacionadas. Se diseñó un metalofármaco con la idea de mejorar las propiedades biológicas mediante la inducción de cambios conformacionales favorables. En este trabajo se reporta la síntesis de un complejo sólido de cobre(II) con aliskiren, CuAlk, junto con su caracterización en fase sólida y en solución. Además, de acuerdo con la relación que existe entre la hipertensión y los niveles elevados de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), se estudian las propiedades antioxidantes del CuAlk frente a los radicales 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH·), hidroxilo (OH·) y peroxilo (ROO·), además de la actividad superóxido dismutasa símil (SOD). Tanto el ligando, como el complejo fueron capaces de secuestrar radicales hidroxilos, pero, luego de la complejación, se mejoró la actividad SOD símil del ligando.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1884
Ozden Yildirim, F. Çoldur, Cihan Topcu, Bulent Caglar
Abstract. In the present study, initially, a thiourea derivative symmetric Schiff base, (1E,3E)-1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiourea, was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX analysis. In addition, an all-solid-state composite Cu(II)-selective potentiometric sensor based on this synthesized compound as an electroactive substance was constructed. Optimization studies indicated that the composition of the optimum sensing composite exhibiting the best potentiometric characteristics was 3.0% Schiff base, 5.0 % multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), 20.0 % paraffin oil and 72.0% graphite by mass. The proposed sensor displayed a linear response in the concentration range of 5.0×10-6-1.0×10-1 M with a slope of 31.1 mV/decade and a detection limit of 5.0×10-7 M. The proposed sensor exhibited a fairly selective, stable (potential drift: 1.85 mV/h), and rapid (<10 s) response towards Cu(II) ions. Because of the magnitude of its potential drift, the sensor should be recalibrated along the analysis time at least half an hour apart. The sensor can employed safely in the samples with pHs in the range of 2.0-6.5. The lifetime of the fresh sensor surface was determined as 2 weeks. The most important advantage of the sensor is that the sensing composite surface is renewable (at least 10 times) and thus the sensor can be used many times for a long period of time. The analytical applications of the sensor were executed successfully by using the electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA as an indicator electrode, in the direct determination of Cu(II) contents of spiked water samples, and in the determination of (w/w) Cu% content of a Turkish coin.
{"title":"Development of a Composite Cu(II)-Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Thiourea Derivative Symmetric Schiff Base","authors":"Ozden Yildirim, F. Çoldur, Cihan Topcu, Bulent Caglar","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1884","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the present study, initially, a thiourea derivative symmetric Schiff base, (1E,3E)-1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiourea, was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX analysis. In addition, an all-solid-state composite Cu(II)-selective potentiometric sensor based on this synthesized compound as an electroactive substance was constructed. Optimization studies indicated that the composition of the optimum sensing composite exhibiting the best potentiometric characteristics was 3.0% Schiff base, 5.0 % multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), 20.0 % paraffin oil and 72.0% graphite by mass. The proposed sensor displayed a linear response in the concentration range of 5.0×10-6-1.0×10-1 M with a slope of 31.1 mV/decade and a detection limit of 5.0×10-7 M. The proposed sensor exhibited a fairly selective, stable (potential drift: 1.85 mV/h), and rapid (<10 s) response towards Cu(II) ions. Because of the magnitude of its potential drift, the sensor should be recalibrated along the analysis time at least half an hour apart. The sensor can employed safely in the samples with pHs in the range of 2.0-6.5. The lifetime of the fresh sensor surface was determined as 2 weeks. The most important advantage of the sensor is that the sensing composite surface is renewable (at least 10 times) and thus the sensor can be used many times for a long period of time. The analytical applications of the sensor were executed successfully by using the electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA as an indicator electrode, in the direct determination of Cu(II) contents of spiked water samples, and in the determination of (w/w) Cu% content of a Turkish coin.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2036
J. V. García-González, J. Alvarado-Rodríguez, Noemí Andrade-López, Cristian G. Guerra-Poot
Abstract. In this work, the synthesis and structural study by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compounds of general formula Ch(C6H4CH2X)2 (Ch = O, S; X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. These compounds contain two flexible hydrocarbonated arms –CH2–X in the ortho positions to the Ch heteroatom. These compounds were synthesized through a linear synthesis starting from diphenylether or diphenylsulfide. Based on the structural analysis, we describe the more relevant molecular features as well as the non-covalent interactions that the heavy halogen atoms display with other moieties that promote the cohesion of the crystal arrangement. The Hirshfeld analysis displayed that the X···π, X···X, and C–H···X interactions are quite significant in the crystal arrangement. Resumen. En este trabajo, se describen la síntesis y el estudio estructural de difracción de rayos-X de monocristal de seis compuestos con fórmula general Ch(C6H4CH2X)2 (Ch = O, S; X = Cl, Br, I), que contienen dos brazos hidrocarbonados flexibles –CH2–X en las posiciones orto al heteroátomo Ch. Estos compuestos fueron sintetizados a través de una síntesis lineal, partiendo de difeniléter o difeniltioéter. A través del análisis estructural se describen las características moleculares más relevantes, así como las interacciones no-covalentes que presentan los átomos de halógeno pesados con otros grupos funcionales para dar cohesión a la red cristalina. El estudio de las superficies de Hirshfeld mostró que las interacciones X···π, X···X y C–H···X son muy relevantes en esta cohesión.
{"title":"Non-covalent Interactions in Dihalogenated Compounds Ch(C6H4CH2X)2 (Ch = O, S; X = Cl, Br, I). Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis","authors":"J. V. García-González, J. Alvarado-Rodríguez, Noemí Andrade-López, Cristian G. Guerra-Poot","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.2036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this work, the synthesis and structural study by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compounds of general formula Ch(C6H4CH2X)2 (Ch = O, S; X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. These compounds contain two flexible hydrocarbonated arms –CH2–X in the ortho positions to the Ch heteroatom. These compounds were synthesized through a linear synthesis starting from diphenylether or diphenylsulfide. Based on the structural analysis, we describe the more relevant molecular features as well as the non-covalent interactions that the heavy halogen atoms display with other moieties that promote the cohesion of the crystal arrangement. The Hirshfeld analysis displayed that the X···π, X···X, and C–H···X interactions are quite significant in the crystal arrangement.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. En este trabajo, se describen la síntesis y el estudio estructural de difracción de rayos-X de monocristal de seis compuestos con fórmula general Ch(C6H4CH2X)2 (Ch = O, S; X = Cl, Br, I), que contienen dos brazos hidrocarbonados flexibles –CH2–X en las posiciones orto al heteroátomo Ch. Estos compuestos fueron sintetizados a través de una síntesis lineal, partiendo de difeniléter o difeniltioéter. A través del análisis estructural se describen las características moleculares más relevantes, así como las interacciones no-covalentes que presentan los átomos de halógeno pesados con otros grupos funcionales para dar cohesión a la red cristalina. El estudio de las superficies de Hirshfeld mostró que las interacciones X···π, X···X y C–H···X son muy relevantes en esta cohesión.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1868
O. Sánchez‐Velázquez, Masiel Rivera-Atondo, J. Milán-Carrillo, J. Montes-Ávila, Saraid Mora‐Rochín, E. Cuevas-Rodríguez
Abstract. Wild blackberries (Rubus) are fruits that grow in inaccessible high mountain areas, which has made it difficult to study their chemical and nutritional composition. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional composition and the macro- and micro-nutrient profile of wild species of fruits of the Rubus genus collected in Sinaloa, Mexico. Botanical samples of wild Rubus were identified and deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Biology of the UNAM. Subsequently, the chemical composition the profile of carbohydrates, lipids and minerals were evaluated. Wild Rubus species were identified as R. liebmannii, R. coriifolius and R. palmeri. In addition, it was found that R. liebmannii is the first time it has been recorded for the state of Sinaloa. Likewise, the results show that carbohydrates represent the largest proportion of the macro-components (85 %, glucose and fructose); they have a high content of fatty acids (such as linolenic acid) and are rich sources of minerals (such as K, Ca and Mg). The results of this research could be relevant to be used in the genetic improvement of commercial species that currently exist in the market. Resumen. Las zarzamoras silvestres (Rubus) son frutos que se desarrollan en zonas de alta montaña poco accesibles, lo que ha dificultado el estudio de su composición química y nutricional. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la composición nutricional y el perfil de macro y micronutrientes de especies silvestres de frutos del género Rubus colectadas en Sinaloa, México. Muestras botánicas de Rubus silvestres fueron identificadas y depositadas en el Herbario del Insituto de Biología de la UNAM. Posteriormente se les evaluó la composicón química, el perfil de perfil de carbohidratos, lípidos y minerales. Las especies silvestres de Rubus fueron identificadas como Rubus liebmannii, Rubus coriifolius y Rubus palmeri. Además, se encontró que Rubus liebmannii, es la primera vez que se registra para el estado de Sinaloa. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que los carbohidratos representan la mayor proporción de los macro-componentes (85 %, glucosa y fructosa); tiene un alto contenido de ácidos grasos (como ácido linolénico) y son fuentes ricas de minerales (como K, Ca y Mg). Los resultados de la presente investigación podrían ser de relevancia para ser utilizados en el mejoramiento genético de especies comerciales que actualmente existen en el mercado.
摘要野生黑莓（Rubus）是生长在人迹罕至的高山地区的水果，因此很难对其化学和营养成分进行研究。本研究的目的是评估在墨西哥锡那罗亚采集的野生茜草属果实的营养成分以及宏观和微观营养成分概况。对野生茜草的植物样本进行了鉴定，并将其保存在墨西哥国立自治大学生物研究所的标本馆中。随后，对碳水化合物、脂类和矿物质的化学成分进行了评估。经鉴定，野生茜草物种为 R. liebmannii、R. coriifolius 和 R. palmeri。此外，还发现 R. liebmannii 是锡那罗亚州首次记录到的物种。同样，研究结果表明，碳水化合物在大分子成分中所占比例最大（85%，葡萄糖和果糖）；脂肪酸（如亚麻酸）含量高，矿物质（如钾、钙和镁）来源丰富。这项研究的结果可用于市场上现有商业品种的遗传改良。摘要。茜草（Rubus）是一种在高山地区生长的水果，其生长环境十分恶劣，因此很难对其营养成分进行研究。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥锡那罗亚州采集的茜草科植物的营养成分和宏量与微量营养元素的含量。确定了茜草的植物群，并将其保存在墨西哥国立自治大学生物研究所的植物标本室。之后，对其成分、碳水化合物、鳞片和矿物质进行了评估。鉴定出的茜草品种有：Rubus liebmannii、Rubus coriifolius 和 Rubus palmeri。此外，我们还发现，Rubus liebmannii 是首次在锡那罗亚州登记。同样，研究结果表明，碳水化合物在大分子成分中所占比例最大（85%，葡萄糖和果糖）；钙含量较高（如亚麻酸钙）；矿物质含量丰富（如钾、钙和镁）。本研究的结果可能与市场上现有商业物种的基因改良有关。
{"title":"Morphological and Nutritional Characterization of Wild Edible Blackberries (Rubus spp.) from Sinaloa, Mexico","authors":"O. Sánchez‐Velázquez, Masiel Rivera-Atondo, J. Milán-Carrillo, J. Montes-Ávila, Saraid Mora‐Rochín, E. Cuevas-Rodríguez","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1868","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wild blackberries (Rubus) are fruits that grow in inaccessible high mountain areas, which has made it difficult to study their chemical and nutritional composition. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional composition and the macro- and micro-nutrient profile of wild species of fruits of the Rubus genus collected in Sinaloa, Mexico. Botanical samples of wild Rubus were identified and deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Biology of the UNAM. Subsequently, the chemical composition the profile of carbohydrates, lipids and minerals were evaluated. Wild Rubus species were identified as R. liebmannii, R. coriifolius and R. palmeri. In addition, it was found that R. liebmannii is the first time it has been recorded for the state of Sinaloa. Likewise, the results show that carbohydrates represent the largest proportion of the macro-components (85 %, glucose and fructose); they have a high content of fatty acids (such as linolenic acid) and are rich sources of minerals (such as K, Ca and Mg). The results of this research could be relevant to be used in the genetic improvement of commercial species that currently exist in the market.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Las zarzamoras silvestres (Rubus) son frutos que se desarrollan en zonas de alta montaña poco accesibles, lo que ha dificultado el estudio de su composición química y nutricional. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la composición nutricional y el perfil de macro y micronutrientes de especies silvestres de frutos del género Rubus colectadas en Sinaloa, México. Muestras botánicas de Rubus silvestres fueron identificadas y depositadas en el Herbario del Insituto de Biología de la UNAM. Posteriormente se les evaluó la composicón química, el perfil de perfil de carbohidratos, lípidos y minerales. Las especies silvestres de Rubus fueron identificadas como Rubus liebmannii, Rubus coriifolius y Rubus palmeri. Además, se encontró que Rubus liebmannii, es la primera vez que se registra para el estado de Sinaloa. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que los carbohidratos representan la mayor proporción de los macro-componentes (85 %, glucosa y fructosa); tiene un alto contenido de ácidos grasos (como ácido linolénico) y son fuentes ricas de minerales (como K, Ca y Mg). Los resultados de la presente investigación podrían ser de relevancia para ser utilizados en el mejoramiento genético de especies comerciales que actualmente existen en el mercado. ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. In this context, an amine-functionalized magnetite nanoparticle was synthesized from FeCl3•6H2O and 1, 2-ethylenediamine at 110 °C in ethylene glycol within 6 hours. Then, the obtained corresponding Fe3O4@NH2 was used for the preparation of Fe3O4@NH2@oxalic acid as organoacid-magnetic nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation at 60 °C within 4 hours. Its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, and EDAX spectra. The Fe3O4@NH2@oxalic acid nanoparticles were successfully used for the synthesis of pyrrolinones derivatives in excellent yields of the products (90-95 %) within 6-10 hours at room temperature in ethanol.
{"title":"Fe3O4@NH2@Oxalic Acid: A Convenient Catalyst for Synthesis of Pyrrolinone Derivatives","authors":"Seyran Esmaeilzadeh, Davood Setamdideh, Fatemeh Ghanbary","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i2.1910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this context, an amine-functionalized magnetite nanoparticle was synthesized from FeCl3•6H2O and 1, 2-ethylenediamine at 110 °C in ethylene glycol within 6 hours. Then, the obtained corresponding Fe3O4@NH2 was used for the preparation of Fe3O4@NH2@oxalic acid as organoacid-magnetic nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation at 60 °C within 4 hours. Its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, and EDAX spectra. The Fe3O4@NH2@oxalic acid nanoparticles were successfully used for the synthesis of pyrrolinones derivatives in excellent yields of the products (90-95 %) within 6-10 hours at room temperature in ethanol.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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