Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.114
Jun-hyung Seo, Young-Jin Kim, Kye-Hong Cho, Jin-sang Cho, KyungHo Han, D. Yoon
In the cement industry, NOx emission is recognized as an important problem, and NOx reduction technologies can be divided into process change, staged combustion, low NOx burner, selective non-catalytic reduction and selective catalytic reduction method. The operation of the selective non-catalytic reduction method, which is the most used in the cement industry, is expected to make it difficult to meet the emission standards to be strengthened in the future, and it is necessary to improve equipment such as SCR and secure technologies. Recently, we are developing technologies for simultaneous application of SNCR and SCR, dust and denitrification filter technology, and removal technology using NO oxidation.
{"title":"Trend of Nitrogen Oxide Reduction Technologies in Cement Industry","authors":"Jun-hyung Seo, Young-Jin Kim, Kye-Hong Cho, Jin-sang Cho, KyungHo Han, D. Yoon","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.114","url":null,"abstract":"In the cement industry, NOx emission is recognized as an important problem, and NOx reduction technologies can be divided into process change, staged combustion, low NOx burner, selective non-catalytic reduction and selective catalytic reduction method. The operation of the selective non-catalytic reduction method, which is the most used in the cement industry, is expected to make it difficult to meet the emission standards to be strengthened in the future, and it is necessary to improve equipment such as SCR and secure technologies. Recently, we are developing technologies for simultaneous application of SNCR and SCR, dust and denitrification filter technology, and removal technology using NO oxidation.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88082709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.73
Kwang-suk You
To use a tailing obtained from coal beneficiation as a raw material for glass material, the behaviors of phase transformation of the tailing was investigated according to sintered temperature with the addition of Na2CO3. As a result of the experiment, mullite was formed at 700~1,100 °C, and the mullite and the cristobalite just only existed at 1,450 °C. The glassification ratio of the coal tailing was to be 97.9 wt.% at 1,450 °C with the addition of Na2CO3 to tailing weight ratios of 10 wt.%. However, in the case of sample of coal tailing with 20 wt.% Na2CO3 added, nepheline(Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) was produced during the re-sintering(2nd sintering) at 1,100 °C. From the results, the suitable addition amount of Na2CO3 for glassification of coal tailing was found around 10 wt.%.
{"title":"Phase Transformation of Coal Tailing of Beneficiation with the Addition of Na2CO3 at High Temperature","authors":"Kwang-suk You","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.73","url":null,"abstract":"To use a tailing obtained from coal beneficiation as a raw material for glass material, the behaviors of phase transformation of the tailing was investigated according to sintered temperature with the addition of Na2CO3. As a result of the experiment, mullite was formed at 700~1,100 °C, and the mullite and the cristobalite just only existed at 1,450 °C. The glassification ratio of the coal tailing was to be 97.9 wt.% at 1,450 °C with the addition of Na2CO3 to tailing weight ratios of 10 wt.%. However, in the case of sample of coal tailing with 20 wt.% Na2CO3 added, nepheline(Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) was produced during the re-sintering(2nd sintering) at 1,100 °C. From the results, the suitable addition amount of Na2CO3 for glassification of coal tailing was found around 10 wt.%.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.125
Young-Jin Kim, Moon-Kwan Choi, Jun-hyung Seo, Byung-Ryeol Kim, Kye-Hong Cho
Enrichment possibilities for recovering rare earth elements contained in coal bottom ash generated from domestic circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) were identified. The transport characteristics of the REEs according to the separation and removal of major minerals were evaluated using sieving and leaching process. The main minerals of bottom ash were identified as anhydrite, magnetite, and quartz, and this was confirmed as a 30% of REE content of the world's average coal ash REE value (404 ppm) as a result of the difference in the combustion characteristics of power plants (REE contents in starting material: 123 ppm). More than 90% of the REEs contained in the bottom ash were found to move mainly with magnetite, and less than 10% of the components were found to move with the quartz. Therefore, In order to recover rare earth elements from coal bottom ashes generated from CFBC boiler, it is necessary to select the main rare elements such as magnetite and develop a pretreatment and concentration process.
{"title":"Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements Contained in Coal Ashes from Korea Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC)","authors":"Young-Jin Kim, Moon-Kwan Choi, Jun-hyung Seo, Byung-Ryeol Kim, Kye-Hong Cho","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.125","url":null,"abstract":"Enrichment possibilities for recovering rare earth elements contained in coal bottom ash generated from domestic circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) were identified. The transport characteristics of the REEs according to the separation and removal of major minerals were evaluated using sieving and leaching process. The main minerals of bottom ash were identified as anhydrite, magnetite, and quartz, and this was confirmed as a 30% of REE content of the world's average coal ash REE value (404 ppm) as a result of the difference in the combustion characteristics of power plants (REE contents in starting material: 123 ppm). More than 90% of the REEs contained in the bottom ash were found to move mainly with magnetite, and less than 10% of the components were found to move with the quartz. Therefore, In order to recover rare earth elements from coal bottom ashes generated from CFBC boiler, it is necessary to select the main rare elements such as magnetite and develop a pretreatment and concentration process.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76828970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.79
Hoa Nguyen Viet Nhan, Man-Seung Lee
The extraction and stripping of HCl from aqueous solutions by commercial extractants like LIX 63 and its mixture with TEHA/ Cyanex 923/ Aliquat 336 and ionic liquids like ALi-SCN, ALi-PC in kerosene was investigated. Among these extractants, ALi-PC showed the best extraction effectivity (above 80%), but it was difficult to strip HCl from the loaded phase. Although the extraction percentage of HCl by LIX 63 was not high, the stripping performance was above 81%. The addition of octanol to the organic phase led to negative effect on the extraction performance of HCl. The addition of C2H5OH into aqueous solutions significantly increased the extraction and stripping percentage of HCl by LIX 63, ALi-PC and ALi-SCN.
{"title":"Solvent Extraction of Hydrochloric Acid Using Commercial Extractants and Synthesized Ionic Liquids","authors":"Hoa Nguyen Viet Nhan, Man-Seung Lee","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.79","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction and stripping of HCl from aqueous solutions by commercial extractants like LIX 63 and its mixture with TEHA/ Cyanex 923/ Aliquat 336 and ionic liquids like ALi-SCN, ALi-PC in kerosene was investigated. Among these extractants, ALi-PC showed the best extraction effectivity (above 80%), but it was difficult to strip HCl from the loaded phase. Although the extraction percentage of HCl by LIX 63 was not high, the stripping performance was above 81%. The addition of octanol to the organic phase led to negative effect on the extraction performance of HCl. The addition of C2H5OH into aqueous solutions significantly increased the extraction and stripping percentage of HCl by LIX 63, ALi-PC and ALi-SCN.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91411647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.88
Jong-Min Han, B. Kang, Jae-Yong Park, Jeonghyeop Lee, Nam-Gyu Kim
In this study, the selected waste plastic waste logistics used for cement sintering were classified into two types through the process of sorting and crushing, analyzing the characteristics of each, and analyzing the correlation of the strength after cement manufacturing. The experimental variables were classified into soft and hard waste plastic waste, and the correlations between calorific value, chlorine, and moisture were analyzed. In addition, some of each waste was selected and melted, and the basic characteristics were evaluated by analyzing the structure and calorific value. The results of the experiment showed that it was evaluated that it is suitable to obtain a heat source by separating soft waste plastic wastes and sintering them with materials having similar properties. As a result of examining the wastes by strength after cement manufacturing, it was analyzed that the use of hard plastics greatly contributes to the compressive strength on the 1st and 28th, and the use of soft plastics contributes to the compressive strength on the 28th. However, these characteristics are evaluated by collecting only a part of the waste, and since the deviation of the waste occurs, continuous management is required, and a follow-up study on the environmental problems caused by the use of waste is required.
{"title":"The Foundation Performance of Selected Waste Plastic Wastes Used in Cement Manufacturing","authors":"Jong-Min Han, B. Kang, Jae-Yong Park, Jeonghyeop Lee, Nam-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.6.88","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the selected waste plastic waste logistics used for cement sintering were classified into two types through the process of sorting and crushing, analyzing the characteristics of each, and analyzing the correlation of the strength after cement manufacturing. The experimental variables were classified into soft and hard waste plastic waste, and the correlations between calorific value, chlorine, and moisture were analyzed. In addition, some of each waste was selected and melted, and the basic characteristics were evaluated by analyzing the structure and calorific value. The results of the experiment showed that it was evaluated that it is suitable to obtain a heat source by separating soft waste plastic wastes and sintering them with materials having similar properties. As a result of examining the wastes by strength after cement manufacturing, it was analyzed that the use of hard plastics greatly contributes to the compressive strength on the 1st and 28th, and the use of soft plastics contributes to the compressive strength on the 28th. However, these characteristics are evaluated by collecting only a part of the waste, and since the deviation of the waste occurs, continuous management is required, and a follow-up study on the environmental problems caused by the use of waste is required.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85723308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.15
Seongmin Kim, Sangho Baek, Yosep Han, T. Davaadorj, Byunghun Go, Hoseok Jeon
Microplastics are recognized as critical and serious environmental problem in worldwide. Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, excellent in processability, and various in material-specific properties. Along industrial development, the production and disposal amount of plastics are also rapidly increasing. In particular, abundant plastic wastes are eventually disposed into marine environment with harmful impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, lots of relevant studies were recently progressed in various fields. However, many studies are being just conducted due to its difficulty in applying a general treatment method for those small particle sizes and their various characteristics. In the meantime, lots of researches are being conducted on applying methods using physical properties such as specific gravity, magnetic, and electrostatic separation, which are beneficiation processes of minerals. However, since it is still in the laboratory stage, the development of larger scale separation technology for efficient treatment is urgent.
{"title":"Current Research Trends for Treatment of Microplastics","authors":"Seongmin Kim, Sangho Baek, Yosep Han, T. Davaadorj, Byunghun Go, Hoseok Jeon","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.15","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are recognized as critical and serious environmental problem in worldwide. Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, excellent in processability, and various in material-specific properties. Along industrial development, the production and disposal amount of plastics are also rapidly increasing. In particular, abundant plastic wastes are eventually disposed into marine environment with harmful impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, lots of relevant studies were recently progressed in various fields. However, many studies are being just conducted due to its difficulty in applying a general treatment method for those small particle sizes and their various characteristics. In the meantime, lots of researches are being conducted on applying methods using physical properties such as specific gravity, magnetic, and electrostatic separation, which are beneficiation processes of minerals. However, since it is still in the laboratory stage, the development of larger scale separation technology for efficient treatment is urgent.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86213434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.28
Ho-Sung Yoon, Seongwoo Heo, Chul-Joo Kim, K. Chung, Hoseok Jeon
In this study, the effect of precipitation temperature, ammonium chloride amount and addition method, vanadium and sodium hydroxide content of the solution on the precipitation of ammonium metavanadate were examined by using the sodium vanadate(NaVO3) solution in alkali region as a starting material. As the pH of solution decreased, the addition amount of ammonium chloride and the vanadium content of the solution increased, the precipitation rate of ammonium metavanadate increased. In this research condition, the basic conditions for obtaining more than 90% of precipitation yield were 10,000mg/L of vanadium content, 2equivalents of ammonium chloride addition, room temperature, and 2 hours of precipitation time. The 소듐바나데이트 수용액에서 염화암모늄 첨가에 의한 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전특성 고찰 29 자원리싸이클링 제 29권 제 5호, 2020 1. 서 론 일반적으로 바나듐 회수는 바나듐을 함유하고 있는 원 료를 NaCl, Na2CO3 또는 Na2SO4과 같은 알칼리금속염과 함께 고온에서 로스팅하고 연속하여 수침출, 침출용액 정 제 및 농축, 그리고 회수 등의 일괄공정을 통하여 이루어 진다. 이러한 과정에서 마지막 단계인 회수단계를 통하 여 얻어지는 암모늄메타바나데이트(NH4VO3)는 바나듐을 추출하는 화학공정에서 중요한 중간체이며, 또한 촉매나 안료 같은 바나듐 물질 제조에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 또 한 바나듐 함유 수용액으로부터 NH4VO3의 결정화는 바 나듐화합물의 정제에서 아주 중요하기 때문에 과학적으 로나 산업적으로 관심이 크다. NH4VO3는 염화암모늄 (NH4Cl) 또는 황산암모늄((NH4)2SO4)과 같은 암모늄 함 유물질을 바나듐 함유 수용액에 첨가하여 알칼리 조건에 서 결정화 반응을 시키고, 생성된 결정을 세척, 여과하는 공정을 통하여 공업적인 생산이 이루어지고 있다. 이전에 본 연구진에 의하여 추진된 연구결과에 의하면, 바나듐 함유 수용액은 pH 9 정도 부근에서는 결정구조가 (NH4VO3)인 암모늄메타바나데이트, 그리고 바나듐 함유 수용액의 pH를 황산으로 조절하여 침전시키면, 결정구 조가 ((NH4)2V6O16)인 암모늄폴리바나데이트가 침전되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 암모늄폴리바나데이트는 수용액 pH 2, 침전온도 80~90°C, 그리고 암모늄메타바나데이트 는 수용액 pH 9, 침전온도 40°C에서 침전이 용이하게 일 어나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이전 연구결과는 두 가 지 결정구조의 암모늄바나데이트가 침전되는 조건에 대 하여 알아보았고, 수용액 pH, 그리고 침전온도 등 침전조 건에 따른 침전률 변화에 대하여 조사하였으나, 침전조건 에 대한 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전거동에 대해서는 자 세하게 알아보지 못하였다, 그러므로 본 연구에서는 알칼리 영역의 소듐바나데이 트(NaVO3) 수용액으로부터 염화암모늄 첨가에 의한 암 모늄메타바나데이트(NH4VO3)를 침전/회수함에 있어서, 침전조건이 침전률에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 주어진 침전조건에서 침전시간에 대한 암모늄메타 바나데이트의 침전거동 및 침전물 크기 변화를 고찰함으 로서, 소듐바나데이트와 염화암모늄의 침전반응 특성 및 침전반응이 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전물 크기에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.
In this study, the effect of precipitation temperature, ammonium chloride amount and addition方法，vanadium and sodium hydroxide content of the solution on the precipitation of ammonium metavanadate were examined by using the sodium vanadate(NaVO3) solution in alkali region as a starting material。the pH of solution decreased, the addition amount of ammonium chloride and the vanadium content of the solution increased, the precipitation rate of ammonium metavanadate increased。In this research condition, the basic conditions for obtaining more than 90% of precipitation yield were 10,000mg/L of vanadium content, 2equivalents of ammonium chloride addition, room temperature，and 2 hours of precipitation time。考察添加氯化铵的氯化铵沉淀特性29资源循环第29卷第5期2020 1。一般来说，钒回收是将含有钒的原料与NaCl、Na2CO3或Na2SO4等碱性金属盐一起在高温下降解，连续通过水浸、浸出溶液精剂及浓缩以及回收等一揽子工艺完成的。在这一过程中，通过回收阶段获得的铵metabana tate (NH4VO3)是提取钒的化学过程中重要的中间体，并在催化剂和颜料等钒物质的制造中发挥重要作用。另外，从含有钒的水溶液中，NH4VO3的结晶在钒化合物的精制中非常重要，因此在科学上和工业上都很受关注。NH4VO3是将氯化铵(NH4Cl)或硫酸铵(NH4)2SO4)等铵含油物质添加到含钒的水溶液中，在碱性条件下进行结晶反应，并通过洗涤、过滤生成的晶体的工程进行工业生产。以前,本研究根据所推进的研究结果,在含钒水溶液ph 9左右,附近的结构(nh4vo3)铵甲胺磷或者约会,还有含钒水溶液的ph为黄山,调剂沉淀,使区组((nh4) 2v6o16)决定性铵涤纶或者约会,沉淀下来的,可以知道了。此外，铵聚碳酸酯在水溶液pH为2、沉淀温度为80~90°C、铵甲基聚碳酸酯在水溶液pH为9、沉淀温度为40°C时，沉淀也很容易升温。但是之前研究结果的两个晶体结构的铵沉淀或者约会的条件,认出了沉淀,沉淀、水溶液ph、温度等条件带来的沉淀率变化作了调查,但对铵沉淀条件或者约会沉淀对于举动后,梅塔岁得认不出来了。因此，本研究了解了沉淀条件对从碱域的钠巴那代特(NaVO3)水溶液中沉淀/回收添加氯化铵的铵metabana tate (NH4VO3)的影响。沉淀也给定条件下对沉淀时间铵沉淀或者约会的梅塔行动及沉淀物大小变化,是考察,钠或者约会和氯化铵的沉淀反应特性及沉淀反应铵巴纳梅塔约会打听沉淀物对大小的影响。
{"title":"Precipitation Characteristics of Ammonium Metavanadate from Sodium Vanadate Solution by Addition of Ammonium Chloride","authors":"Ho-Sung Yoon, Seongwoo Heo, Chul-Joo Kim, K. Chung, Hoseok Jeon","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.28","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of precipitation temperature, ammonium chloride amount and addition method, vanadium and sodium hydroxide content of the solution on the precipitation of ammonium metavanadate were examined by using the sodium vanadate(NaVO3) solution in alkali region as a starting material. As the pH of solution decreased, the addition amount of ammonium chloride and the vanadium content of the solution increased, the precipitation rate of ammonium metavanadate increased. In this research condition, the basic conditions for obtaining more than 90% of precipitation yield were 10,000mg/L of vanadium content, 2equivalents of ammonium chloride addition, room temperature, and 2 hours of precipitation time. The 소듐바나데이트 수용액에서 염화암모늄 첨가에 의한 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전특성 고찰 29 자원리싸이클링 제 29권 제 5호, 2020 1. 서 론 일반적으로 바나듐 회수는 바나듐을 함유하고 있는 원 료를 NaCl, Na2CO3 또는 Na2SO4과 같은 알칼리금속염과 함께 고온에서 로스팅하고 연속하여 수침출, 침출용액 정 제 및 농축, 그리고 회수 등의 일괄공정을 통하여 이루어 진다. 이러한 과정에서 마지막 단계인 회수단계를 통하 여 얻어지는 암모늄메타바나데이트(NH4VO3)는 바나듐을 추출하는 화학공정에서 중요한 중간체이며, 또한 촉매나 안료 같은 바나듐 물질 제조에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 또 한 바나듐 함유 수용액으로부터 NH4VO3의 결정화는 바 나듐화합물의 정제에서 아주 중요하기 때문에 과학적으 로나 산업적으로 관심이 크다. NH4VO3는 염화암모늄 (NH4Cl) 또는 황산암모늄((NH4)2SO4)과 같은 암모늄 함 유물질을 바나듐 함유 수용액에 첨가하여 알칼리 조건에 서 결정화 반응을 시키고, 생성된 결정을 세척, 여과하는 공정을 통하여 공업적인 생산이 이루어지고 있다. 이전에 본 연구진에 의하여 추진된 연구결과에 의하면, 바나듐 함유 수용액은 pH 9 정도 부근에서는 결정구조가 (NH4VO3)인 암모늄메타바나데이트, 그리고 바나듐 함유 수용액의 pH를 황산으로 조절하여 침전시키면, 결정구 조가 ((NH4)2V6O16)인 암모늄폴리바나데이트가 침전되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 암모늄폴리바나데이트는 수용액 pH 2, 침전온도 80~90°C, 그리고 암모늄메타바나데이트 는 수용액 pH 9, 침전온도 40°C에서 침전이 용이하게 일 어나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이전 연구결과는 두 가 지 결정구조의 암모늄바나데이트가 침전되는 조건에 대 하여 알아보았고, 수용액 pH, 그리고 침전온도 등 침전조 건에 따른 침전률 변화에 대하여 조사하였으나, 침전조건 에 대한 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전거동에 대해서는 자 세하게 알아보지 못하였다, 그러므로 본 연구에서는 알칼리 영역의 소듐바나데이 트(NaVO3) 수용액으로부터 염화암모늄 첨가에 의한 암 모늄메타바나데이트(NH4VO3)를 침전/회수함에 있어서, 침전조건이 침전률에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 주어진 침전조건에서 침전시간에 대한 암모늄메타 바나데이트의 침전거동 및 침전물 크기 변화를 고찰함으 로서, 소듐바나데이트와 염화암모늄의 침전반응 특성 및 침전반응이 암모늄메타바나데이트 침전물 크기에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86753654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.3
H. Sohn
Magnesium is the third most abundant structural metal after aluminum and iron. Magnesium is the lightest metal in the common metals. It has a density 33 % less than aluminum and 77% lower than steel. However, the primary magnesium production process is highly energy intensive. The recycling of magnesium scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. However, the amount of recovered metal from scrap is limited because of the difficulties to remove the impurities in the scrap. This work provides an overview of the magnesium production and recycling process.
{"title":"Current Status of Magnesium Smelting and Recycling Technology","authors":"H. Sohn","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium is the third most abundant structural metal after aluminum and iron. Magnesium is the lightest metal in the common metals. It has a density 33 % less than aluminum and 77% lower than steel. However, the primary magnesium production process is highly energy intensive. The recycling of magnesium scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. However, the amount of recovered metal from scrap is limited because of the difficulties to remove the impurities in the scrap. This work provides an overview of the magnesium production and recycling process.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82070413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.55
Hyun Seung Moon, S. Song, T. T. Tran, Man-Seung Lee
In order to investigate the separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by ionic liquids from weak hydrochloric acid solutions, extraction experiments were performed by changing the type and concentration of ionic liquids and the initial pH of the aqueous phase. Two kinds of ionic liquids based on Aliquat 336 were employed in this work; one was synthesized by reacting organophosphorus acids(D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301) with Aliquat 336 and the other was prepared by exchanging the chloride ion of Aliquat 336 with SCN. The three types of ionic liquids (ALi-D2, ALi-PC, and ALi-CY272) showed better extraction of Co(II) than Ni(II), and the equilibrium pH was higher than the initial pH. In the case of ALi-CY301, the selectivity of Co(II) and Ni(II) depended on the extraction conditions. In addition, the effect of the addition of TBP to the ionic liquid on the extraction of two metals was also investigated. Employment of ALi-SCN as an extractant resulted in selective extraction of Co(II) and complete separation of the two metal ions was possible.
{"title":"Solvent Extraction Separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) from Weak Hydrochloric Acid Solution with Ionic Liquids Synthesized from Organophosphorus Acids","authors":"Hyun Seung Moon, S. Song, T. T. Tran, Man-Seung Lee","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.55","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the separation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by ionic liquids from weak hydrochloric acid solutions, extraction experiments were performed by changing the type and concentration of ionic liquids and the initial pH of the aqueous phase. Two kinds of ionic liquids based on Aliquat 336 were employed in this work; one was synthesized by reacting organophosphorus acids(D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301) with Aliquat 336 and the other was prepared by exchanging the chloride ion of Aliquat 336 with SCN. The three types of ionic liquids (ALi-D2, ALi-PC, and ALi-CY272) showed better extraction of Co(II) than Ni(II), and the equilibrium pH was higher than the initial pH. In the case of ALi-CY301, the selectivity of Co(II) and Ni(II) depended on the extraction conditions. In addition, the effect of the addition of TBP to the ionic liquid on the extraction of two metals was also investigated. Employment of ALi-SCN as an extractant resulted in selective extraction of Co(II) and complete separation of the two metal ions was possible.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74413639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.73
M. Le, Man-Seung Lee
In order to develop a process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LiBs, solvent extraction experiments were performed to separate Cu(II) and/or Co(II) from synthetic hydrochloric acid solutions containing Li(I), Mn(II), and Ni(II). Commercial amines (Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336) were employed and the extraction behavior of the metals was investigated as a function of the concentration of HCl and extractants. The results indicate that HCl concentration affected remarkably the extraction efficiency of the metals. Only Cu(II) was selectively at 1 M HCl concentration, while both Co(II) and Cu(II) was extracted by the amines when HCl concentration was higher than 5 M, leaving the other metal ions in the raffinate. Therefore, it was possible to selectively extract either Cu(II) or Co(II)/Cu(II) by adjusting the HCl concentration.
{"title":"Solvent Extraction of Co(II) and Cu(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Containing Li(I), Mn(II), and Ni(II)","authors":"M. Le, Man-Seung Lee","doi":"10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7844/KIRR.2020.29.5.73","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop a process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LiBs, solvent extraction experiments were performed to separate Cu(II) and/or Co(II) from synthetic hydrochloric acid solutions containing Li(I), Mn(II), and Ni(II). Commercial amines (Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336) were employed and the extraction behavior of the metals was investigated as a function of the concentration of HCl and extractants. The results indicate that HCl concentration affected remarkably the extraction efficiency of the metals. Only Cu(II) was selectively at 1 M HCl concentration, while both Co(II) and Cu(II) was extracted by the amines when HCl concentration was higher than 5 M, leaving the other metal ions in the raffinate. Therefore, it was possible to selectively extract either Cu(II) or Co(II)/Cu(II) by adjusting the HCl concentration.","PeriodicalId":17385,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82093439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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