Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211
Amber N. Fredenburg, J. Gibbs, D. Henne
ABSTRACT: Bees serve an important role as pollinators and are a fundamental part of an ecosystem's biodiversity. However, the current conservation status of many bee species is largely unknown. We surveyed the wild bee species in and around Thunder Bay, a city in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The wild bee species in this region have not been fully documented but are necessary to fill gaps in many bee species ranges. We surveyed three representative flower-rich habitats of the area (an agricultural field, a tree plantation, and a wildflower meadow) throughout the summer of 2019 and collected 64 wild bee species from 17 genera and 5 families. Many species were newly documented to northwestern Ontario and one, Nomada alpha, was a newly documented species to Canada. Floral associations by all bees collected were made along with a phenology of each species found throughout the survey. The data collected allow for a better understanding of the local species that inhabit this area of Canada and provide information that would better target local conservation efforts for wild bees in the future.
{"title":"A Survey of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Thunder Bay, Ontario, and Their Floral Associations","authors":"Amber N. Fredenburg, J. Gibbs, D. Henne","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Bees serve an important role as pollinators and are a fundamental part of an ecosystem's biodiversity. However, the current conservation status of many bee species is largely unknown. We surveyed the wild bee species in and around Thunder Bay, a city in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The wild bee species in this region have not been fully documented but are necessary to fill gaps in many bee species ranges. We surveyed three representative flower-rich habitats of the area (an agricultural field, a tree plantation, and a wildflower meadow) throughout the summer of 2019 and collected 64 wild bee species from 17 genera and 5 families. Many species were newly documented to northwestern Ontario and one, Nomada alpha, was a newly documented species to Canada. Floral associations by all bees collected were made along with a phenology of each species found throughout the survey. The data collected allow for a better understanding of the local species that inhabit this area of Canada and provide information that would better target local conservation efforts for wild bees in the future.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"211 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.164
Kisang Kwon, Ji-Hye Song, Honggeun Kim, O. Kwon
ABSTRACT: Hemolymph plays important roles in insect physiology. However, mass collection of high-quality hemolymph from insects for use in biochemical characterization is difficult. The present study describes a new method for mass collecting hemolymph from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. The method facilitates simultaneous collection of large amounts of hemolymph and prevents melanization and contamination. Using this method, we collected approximately 1 mL of hemolymph per 10 crickets in a 15 mL tube with a final protein concentration of 0.47 µg/µL. An MTT test indicated no cytotoxicity in the resulting hemolymph. Thus, this method provides a foundation for studies of new useful biomaterials, insect physiology, and nutrition using insect hemolymph, and can be widely applied to other insect species.
{"title":"A New Method for Mass Collection of Hemolymph from the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus","authors":"Kisang Kwon, Ji-Hye Song, Honggeun Kim, O. Kwon","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Hemolymph plays important roles in insect physiology. However, mass collection of high-quality hemolymph from insects for use in biochemical characterization is difficult. The present study describes a new method for mass collecting hemolymph from the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. The method facilitates simultaneous collection of large amounts of hemolymph and prevents melanization and contamination. Using this method, we collected approximately 1 mL of hemolymph per 10 crickets in a 15 mL tube with a final protein concentration of 0.47 µg/µL. An MTT test indicated no cytotoxicity in the resulting hemolymph. Thus, this method provides a foundation for studies of new useful biomaterials, insect physiology, and nutrition using insect hemolymph, and can be widely applied to other insect species.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"164 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140
R. L. Wagner, M. Leach, J. Wallace
ABSTRACT: The need for novel pesticides in agriculture continues to increase, and with it, the need to identify novel phytochemicals with inhibitory properties against lepidopteran pest species. The invasive tree species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), has become well established in North America. However, the impact of its secondary metabolites on lepidopteran pests has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of water-soluble secondary metabolites from A. altissima on the life-history aspects of the agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory reared S. frugiperda were fed artificial diets with or without water-soluble extract from A. altissima. Extract fed S. frugiperda exhibited delays in time to pupation and emergence in addition to reduced larval and pupal biomass as well as relative growth rates. Reduced food consumption was observed and fewer larvae survived to emergence if fed a diet containing A. altissima extract. Further, these adult moths had reduced biomass and smaller wings compared to larvae fed a control diet. Therefore, we suggest that A. altissima metabolites present in the aqueous extract derived from vegetative tissues have detrimental impacts on life-history aspects of S. frugiperda, and in fact, may represent a source of interesting candidate pesticide metabolites. Further studies will investigate the specific metabolites with feeding deterrent properties present in the water-soluble fraction of A. altissima.
{"title":"Leaf Extract from Ailanthus altissima Negatively Impacts Life History Aspects in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"R. L. Wagner, M. Leach, J. Wallace","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The need for novel pesticides in agriculture continues to increase, and with it, the need to identify novel phytochemicals with inhibitory properties against lepidopteran pest species. The invasive tree species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), has become well established in North America. However, the impact of its secondary metabolites on lepidopteran pests has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of water-soluble secondary metabolites from A. altissima on the life-history aspects of the agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory reared S. frugiperda were fed artificial diets with or without water-soluble extract from A. altissima. Extract fed S. frugiperda exhibited delays in time to pupation and emergence in addition to reduced larval and pupal biomass as well as relative growth rates. Reduced food consumption was observed and fewer larvae survived to emergence if fed a diet containing A. altissima extract. Further, these adult moths had reduced biomass and smaller wings compared to larvae fed a control diet. Therefore, we suggest that A. altissima metabolites present in the aqueous extract derived from vegetative tissues have detrimental impacts on life-history aspects of S. frugiperda, and in fact, may represent a source of interesting candidate pesticide metabolites. Further studies will investigate the specific metabolites with feeding deterrent properties present in the water-soluble fraction of A. altissima.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"140 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.132
S. Al-Kahtani, E. Taha
ABSTRACT: Royal jelly (RJ) was harvested after 24, 48, and 72 hrs of grafting to study the effect of harvest time on the yield of RJ/queen cell. The changes in the nutritional components in RJ harvested at different times post-grafting were also studied. The highest yield of RJ/queen cell was harvested after 72 hrs of grafting, while the lowest yield was harvested after 24 hrs of grafting. The lowest moisture content was found in RJ harvested after 72 hrs of grafting. The maximum concentrations of crude protein, ash, fructose, and glucose were found in RJ harvested after 72 hrs of grafting. Conversely, the highest lipid content was obtained from RJ harvested after 24 hrs of grafting. The pH value decreased and acidity increased over time after grafting. It was concluded that RJ can be harvested after 72 hrs of grafting to obtain maximum yield. The nutritional components in RJ may be changed over time after grafting, and it could differentiate between RJ harvested at different times post-grafting.
{"title":"Effect of Harvest Time on Royal Jelly Yield and Chemical Composition","authors":"S. Al-Kahtani, E. Taha","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Royal jelly (RJ) was harvested after 24, 48, and 72 hrs of grafting to study the effect of harvest time on the yield of RJ/queen cell. The changes in the nutritional components in RJ harvested at different times post-grafting were also studied. The highest yield of RJ/queen cell was harvested after 72 hrs of grafting, while the lowest yield was harvested after 24 hrs of grafting. The lowest moisture content was found in RJ harvested after 72 hrs of grafting. The maximum concentrations of crude protein, ash, fructose, and glucose were found in RJ harvested after 72 hrs of grafting. Conversely, the highest lipid content was obtained from RJ harvested after 24 hrs of grafting. The pH value decreased and acidity increased over time after grafting. It was concluded that RJ can be harvested after 72 hrs of grafting to obtain maximum yield. The nutritional components in RJ may be changed over time after grafting, and it could differentiate between RJ harvested at different times post-grafting.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"132 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262
T. Springer
ABSTRACT: Adult flies of Conioscinella nuda (Adams) were collected from four native grass species, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack), and Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to determine the insect's preference among these species. The mean number of insects collected varied from 9.7 to 27.0 adults per 15 plants, and the order of preference of C. nuda was big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, and Indiangrass. Differences did occur among plant species for C. nuda preference (P < 0.05) where big and little bluestem were different from sand bluestem and Indiangrass (P < 0.05). The observed differences between the species may be related to spikelet pubescent hairs. The spikelets of big bluestem and little bluestem are mostly glabrous compared to those of sand bluestem and Indiangrass which are covered with conspicuous hairs. Host plant resistance may offer the best approach for controlling C. nuda.
{"title":"Preference of Conioscinella nuda (Diptera: Chloropidae) Among Four Native Grass Species","authors":"T. Springer","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Adult flies of Conioscinella nuda (Adams) were collected from four native grass species, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack), and Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to determine the insect's preference among these species. The mean number of insects collected varied from 9.7 to 27.0 adults per 15 plants, and the order of preference of C. nuda was big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, and Indiangrass. Differences did occur among plant species for C. nuda preference (P < 0.05) where big and little bluestem were different from sand bluestem and Indiangrass (P < 0.05). The observed differences between the species may be related to spikelet pubescent hairs. The spikelets of big bluestem and little bluestem are mostly glabrous compared to those of sand bluestem and Indiangrass which are covered with conspicuous hairs. Host plant resistance may offer the best approach for controlling C. nuda.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"262 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43409631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.153
G. Holloway, D. Bakaloudis, Christopher W. Foster
ABSTRACT: Anthrenus dorsatus Mulsant et Rey 1868 is recorded from the United States for the first time. Species confirmation is achieved through dissection and genitalia examination. Images of A. p. pimpinellae Fabricius 1775 from the United States are examined and compared with confirmed images of A. p. pimpinellae from Europe. It is suggested that specimens from the United States identified as A. p. pimpinellae more likely belong to A. dorsatus. Habitus shapes (body width/body length) of images of United States specimens are too broad for A. p. pimpinellae. In addition, the elytral and ventrite patterns of United States specimens are not consistent with A. p. pimpinellae. To establish which species from the A. pimpinellae complex occur across the United States, dissection and genitalia examination is required
摘要：1868年首次从美国记录到背腹Anthrenus dorsatus Mulsant et Rey。物种确认是通过解剖和生殖器检查来实现的。对来自美国的A.p.pictinelae Fabricius 1775的图像进行了检查，并将其与来自欧洲的A.p.pictinellae的已确认图像进行了比较。有人认为，来自美国的被鉴定为A.p.pictinellae的标本更有可能属于A.dorsatus。美国标本图像的习性形状（体宽/体长）对皮条蛙来说太宽了。此外，美国标本的鞘翅和腹纹图案与皮条藻不一致。为了确定皮条线虫复合体中的哪些物种分布在美国各地，需要进行解剖和生殖器检查
{"title":"Anthrenus dorsatus new to the United States and a comparison with Anthrenus pimpinellae ssp. pimpinellae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)","authors":"G. Holloway, D. Bakaloudis, Christopher W. Foster","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Anthrenus dorsatus Mulsant et Rey 1868 is recorded from the United States for the first time. Species confirmation is achieved through dissection and genitalia examination. Images of A. p. pimpinellae Fabricius 1775 from the United States are examined and compared with confirmed images of A. p. pimpinellae from Europe. It is suggested that specimens from the United States identified as A. p. pimpinellae more likely belong to A. dorsatus. Habitus shapes (body width/body length) of images of United States specimens are too broad for A. p. pimpinellae. In addition, the elytral and ventrite patterns of United States specimens are not consistent with A. p. pimpinellae. To establish which species from the A. pimpinellae complex occur across the United States, dissection and genitalia examination is required","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.256
Nathan H. Mercer, J. Obrycki
ABSTRACT: Laboratory reared predaceous lady beetles (Coccinellidae) have applications in many experiments, but can be challenging to rear optimally, especially since production of aphid prey can be time and space intensive. Alternatively, frozen Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs can be purchased and used to rear larvae. This study compared larval development, survival and adult size of six species of coccinellids on diets of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and E. kuehniella eggs. Larvae reared from field-collected adults were assigned to either A. pisum or E. kuehniella egg diets and fed ad libitum until pupation. Both diets were sufficient for development and did not impact survival for the six species. Coccinella Septempunctata L. developed faster and produced larger adults when fed A. pisum. Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Hippodamia Convergens Guerin and Coleomegilla maculata De Geer performed slightly better on E. kuehniella eggs. Based on these results, E. kuehniella eggs would be a suitable larval diet for all of the species tested, except for Coc. septempunctata.
{"title":"Impacts of Larval Diet on Pre-imaginal Development, Survival and Adult Size of Six Species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)","authors":"Nathan H. Mercer, J. Obrycki","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Laboratory reared predaceous lady beetles (Coccinellidae) have applications in many experiments, but can be challenging to rear optimally, especially since production of aphid prey can be time and space intensive. Alternatively, frozen Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs can be purchased and used to rear larvae. This study compared larval development, survival and adult size of six species of coccinellids on diets of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and E. kuehniella eggs. Larvae reared from field-collected adults were assigned to either A. pisum or E. kuehniella egg diets and fed ad libitum until pupation. Both diets were sufficient for development and did not impact survival for the six species. Coccinella Septempunctata L. developed faster and produced larger adults when fed A. pisum. Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Hippodamia Convergens Guerin and Coleomegilla maculata De Geer performed slightly better on E. kuehniella eggs. Based on these results, E. kuehniella eggs would be a suitable larval diet for all of the species tested, except for Coc. septempunctata.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"256 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45040196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.196
Wenhong Li, Jie Zhang, Yucheng Zhu, Fengliang Li
Abstract: Gut bacterium Enterococcus mundtii is one of the predominant bacterial species in the larval gut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Probiotic characterization in auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity, carbon use ability, and pH and osmotic environment adaptability of this bacterium were analyzed. Results exhibited that E. mundtii showed inhibition against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli. It revealed a high auto-aggregation score and a hydrophilic cell surface. It metabolized 24.21% of the tested carbon sources with informative utilization patterns in organic acids and carbohydrates. It had a wide range of adaptabilities, and could still metabolize in osmolytes with up to 6% potassium chloride, 6% sodium chloride, 20% ethylene glycol, 5% sodium sulfate, 2% sodium lactate, 7% urea, 200 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0), 20 mM sodium benzoate (pH 5.2), 100 mM ammonium sulfate (pH 8.0), and 100 mM sodium nitrate; while it could not metabolize sodium lactate ranging from 3% to 12%, sodium formate ranging from 1% to 6%, or sodium nitrite ranging from 10 to 100 mM. Enterococcus mundtii exhibited active metabolism under pH values between 5 and 10, active deaminase activity but no decarboxylase activity. The probiotic characterization of E. mundtii increased our knowledge of adaptability in gut environments.
{"title":"Probiotic Characterization of Enterococcus mundtii Isolated from Larval Gut of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella","authors":"Wenhong Li, Jie Zhang, Yucheng Zhu, Fengliang Li","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Gut bacterium Enterococcus mundtii is one of the predominant bacterial species in the larval gut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Probiotic characterization in auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity, carbon use ability, and pH and osmotic environment adaptability of this bacterium were analyzed. Results exhibited that E. mundtii showed inhibition against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli. It revealed a high auto-aggregation score and a hydrophilic cell surface. It metabolized 24.21% of the tested carbon sources with informative utilization patterns in organic acids and carbohydrates. It had a wide range of adaptabilities, and could still metabolize in osmolytes with up to 6% potassium chloride, 6% sodium chloride, 20% ethylene glycol, 5% sodium sulfate, 2% sodium lactate, 7% urea, 200 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0), 20 mM sodium benzoate (pH 5.2), 100 mM ammonium sulfate (pH 8.0), and 100 mM sodium nitrate; while it could not metabolize sodium lactate ranging from 3% to 12%, sodium formate ranging from 1% to 6%, or sodium nitrite ranging from 10 to 100 mM. Enterococcus mundtii exhibited active metabolism under pH values between 5 and 10, active deaminase activity but no decarboxylase activity. The probiotic characterization of E. mundtii increased our knowledge of adaptability in gut environments.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"93 1","pages":"196 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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