Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.169
Michael C. Orr, M. Branstetter
ABSTRACT: Ants are immensely important predators in terrestrial ecosystems but surprisingly little is reported on their role in bee predation. Here, we describe the ant Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895 foraging at a bee nest aggregation in Utah. Many instances were observed of P. subnitidus, and another ant, Pheidole clydei Gregg, 1950, scavenging on the nests of the recently-described bee Anthophora pueblo Orr, 2016, which nests in sandstone. One worker ant of P. subnitidus was also observed taking a live bee larva back to its nest, indicating that the ants occasionally act as predators. The existence of nocturnal foraging in P. subntidus demonstrates greater temporal foraging plasticity than prior reports of bimodal foraging strategy during the day. Potential drivers of this behavior and the relation of these two new ant associates to the bees are discussed.
摘要：蚂蚁是陆地生态系统中极其重要的捕食者，但令人惊讶的是，关于它们在蜜蜂捕食中的作用的报道却很少。在这里，我们描述了蚂蚁Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery，1895年在犹他州的一个蜂巢聚集地觅食。在许多例子中，人们观察到了P.subnitidus和另一只蚂蚁Pheidole clydei Gregg（1950）在最近描述的蜜蜂Anthophora pueblo Orr（2016）的巢穴中觅食，该蜜蜂在砂岩中筑巢。还观察到一只亚种工蚁将一只活蜜蜂幼虫带回巢穴，这表明这些蚂蚁偶尔会充当捕食者。与先前关于白天双峰觅食策略的报道相比，亚斑蝶夜间觅食的存在表现出更大的时间觅食可塑性。讨论了这种行为的潜在驱动因素，以及这两种新的蚂蚁伙伴与蜜蜂的关系。
{"title":"Nocturnal Foraging by Ants at a Sandstone Bee Nest Aggregation (Hymenoptera: Apidae and Formicidae)","authors":"Michael C. Orr, M. Branstetter","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Ants are immensely important predators in terrestrial ecosystems but surprisingly little is reported on their role in bee predation. Here, we describe the ant Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895 foraging at a bee nest aggregation in Utah. Many instances were observed of P. subnitidus, and another ant, Pheidole clydei Gregg, 1950, scavenging on the nests of the recently-described bee Anthophora pueblo Orr, 2016, which nests in sandstone. One worker ant of P. subnitidus was also observed taking a live bee larva back to its nest, indicating that the ants occasionally act as predators. The existence of nocturnal foraging in P. subntidus demonstrates greater temporal foraging plasticity than prior reports of bimodal foraging strategy during the day. Potential drivers of this behavior and the relation of these two new ant associates to the bees are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.246
Michael J. Grasing, K. Grasing, K. Martz, M. Gill, Usna A. Khan, Carolina D. Sempertegui-Sosa
ABSTRACT: Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is Missouri's most common tick species and a carrier of bacterial pathogens. The objectives of this study were to analyze tick abundance and seasonality in two locations in central Missouri, to compare the effectiveness of dragging and dry ice trap sampling methods for collecting A. americanum in the field, and to analyze tick developmental stage collection pattern. We collected ticks from Knob Noster State Park, in Johnson County, Missouri and Mark Twain National Forest, in Boone County, Missouri. On eight dates from May to November, we collected ticks simultaneously at both locations, using dry ice traps and drag sampling. Of the 7,475 collected ticks, 99.7% were A. americanum. We found the most larvae in August and September, the most nymphs in June and July, and the most adults in June. Drag sampling collected more nymphs at Columbia than Knob Noster on one sampling date in the late summer. Abundance did not differ between locations at any other time point, regardless of developmental stage or sampling method. Compared to the drag method, significantly more nymphs and adults were identified using the dry ice trap sampling method. Additionally, we found that nymphs and adults were more likely to be found in the same areas of the sampling locations, but neither larvae and adults nor nymphs and larvae followed this relationship. Our findings demonstrate a strong seasonality of A. americanum in Missouri and support dry ice trapping as an effective sampling method for collecting all of its life stages.
{"title":"A Preliminary Study on the Abundance, Seasonality, and Sampling Patterns of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Central Missouri","authors":"Michael J. Grasing, K. Grasing, K. Martz, M. Gill, Usna A. Khan, Carolina D. Sempertegui-Sosa","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.246","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is Missouri's most common tick species and a carrier of bacterial pathogens. The objectives of this study were to analyze tick abundance and seasonality in two locations in central Missouri, to compare the effectiveness of dragging and dry ice trap sampling methods for collecting A. americanum in the field, and to analyze tick developmental stage collection pattern. We collected ticks from Knob Noster State Park, in Johnson County, Missouri and Mark Twain National Forest, in Boone County, Missouri. On eight dates from May to November, we collected ticks simultaneously at both locations, using dry ice traps and drag sampling. Of the 7,475 collected ticks, 99.7% were A. americanum. We found the most larvae in August and September, the most nymphs in June and July, and the most adults in June. Drag sampling collected more nymphs at Columbia than Knob Noster on one sampling date in the late summer. Abundance did not differ between locations at any other time point, regardless of developmental stage or sampling method. Compared to the drag method, significantly more nymphs and adults were identified using the dry ice trap sampling method. Additionally, we found that nymphs and adults were more likely to be found in the same areas of the sampling locations, but neither larvae and adults nor nymphs and larvae followed this relationship. Our findings demonstrate a strong seasonality of A. americanum in Missouri and support dry ice trapping as an effective sampling method for collecting all of its life stages.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47069274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.230
H. M. Tahir, Saadia Tobassum, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Tariq Zahid, M. Arshad, Qurratulann Afza Gardner, M. Ahsan
ABSTRACT: Scorpion venom is being used for many biomedical applications. In the present study, venom components of Hottentota tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) were characterized. Venom was extracted using the electrical stimulation method and subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for characterization of its components from which dominant fractions were collected and dried in a concentrator. Crude venom and selected fractions were further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to obtain mass fingerprint data. Over 100 components ranging from 3,000 – 8,000 m/z in molecular masses were detected in the venom of both scorpion species. Some of them were analogous to a short chain and long chain toxins, which act on potassium and sodium ion channels, respectively. The venom components may be used for the development of novel drugs, e.g. drugs for neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, analgesics and cancer.
{"title":"Characterization of Venom Components of Two Medically Important Scorpion Species, Hottentota tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897)","authors":"H. M. Tahir, Saadia Tobassum, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Tariq Zahid, M. Arshad, Qurratulann Afza Gardner, M. Ahsan","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Scorpion venom is being used for many biomedical applications. In the present study, venom components of Hottentota tamulus (Fabricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) were characterized. Venom was extracted using the electrical stimulation method and subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for characterization of its components from which dominant fractions were collected and dried in a concentrator. Crude venom and selected fractions were further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to obtain mass fingerprint data. Over 100 components ranging from 3,000 – 8,000 m/z in molecular masses were detected in the venom of both scorpion species. Some of them were analogous to a short chain and long chain toxins, which act on potassium and sodium ion channels, respectively. The venom components may be used for the development of novel drugs, e.g. drugs for neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, analgesics and cancer.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.185
Y. Hameed, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, N. Ahmad, M. Sarmad, S. M. Zaka, Qamar Saeed, Muhammad Akbar Zafar Khan, K. Abbas, Muhammad Shahzaib, M. Zakria
ABSTRACT: Coccinellids are common predators of aphids, including Aphis nerii, Diuraphis noxia and Lipaphis erysimi. The zigzag ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus, is an effective predator against various aphid species. In the present study, different stages of M. sexmaculatus were evaluated for their functional response against A. nerii, D. noxia, and L. erysimi. Functional response at different densities of aphids was calculated over a period of 24h at 25 ± 5 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Roger's Random Predator equation was used to calculate the parameters of a functional response. All the predatory stages showed Type II functional response. Attack rate was highest in the fourth instar for all aphid species (4.5171, 2.5894 and 2.8853, respectively), while the shortest handling time of the fourth instar was recorded for A. nerii (0.0175h) and L. erysimi (0.0159h). In the case of D. noxia, the shortest handling time was observed in the first instar (0.0175h). The fourth instar of M. sexmaculatus consumed more prey, followed by the third instar. These results indicate that the fourth instar of M. sexmaculatus was the most effective stage against its prey, followed by the third instar, adult females and males. Further field experiments must be carried out to corroborate the efficacy of these predatory beetles under natural conditions.
{"title":"Influence of Three Aphid Species for Determining the Stage-specific Functional Response of the Coccinellid Beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus (F.)","authors":"Y. Hameed, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, N. Ahmad, M. Sarmad, S. M. Zaka, Qamar Saeed, Muhammad Akbar Zafar Khan, K. Abbas, Muhammad Shahzaib, M. Zakria","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Coccinellids are common predators of aphids, including Aphis nerii, Diuraphis noxia and Lipaphis erysimi. The zigzag ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus, is an effective predator against various aphid species. In the present study, different stages of M. sexmaculatus were evaluated for their functional response against A. nerii, D. noxia, and L. erysimi. Functional response at different densities of aphids was calculated over a period of 24h at 25 ± 5 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Roger's Random Predator equation was used to calculate the parameters of a functional response. All the predatory stages showed Type II functional response. Attack rate was highest in the fourth instar for all aphid species (4.5171, 2.5894 and 2.8853, respectively), while the shortest handling time of the fourth instar was recorded for A. nerii (0.0175h) and L. erysimi (0.0159h). In the case of D. noxia, the shortest handling time was observed in the first instar (0.0175h). The fourth instar of M. sexmaculatus consumed more prey, followed by the third instar. These results indicate that the fourth instar of M. sexmaculatus was the most effective stage against its prey, followed by the third instar, adult females and males. Further field experiments must be carried out to corroborate the efficacy of these predatory beetles under natural conditions.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.105
S. Al-Kahtani, E. Taha
ABSTRACT: Seasonal nutritional content of honeybee pollen loads collected from five apiaries across the Al-Ahsa oasis, Saudi Arabia, was determined over a period of one year. Botanical composition of the pollen loads was dominated by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo Thunb), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The highest amounts (g/colony) of pollen loads were collected during spring and winter, and the lowest during autumn, and there were seasonal variations in and among nutrient content. The highest values of fructose, crude protein, lipids, and ash content were recorded from pollen loads collected during spring and winter, and the highest values of glucose and moisture content were recorded from pollen loads collected in autumn; pollen loads collected during summer showed the highest values of total and available carbohydrate, and crude fiber content. The high content of fructose, crude protein, lipids, and ash in pollen loads collected during the spring and winter seasons indicate they represent a valuable food supplement.
{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Nutritional Composition of Honeybee Pollen Loads","authors":"S. Al-Kahtani, E. Taha","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Seasonal nutritional content of honeybee pollen loads collected from five apiaries across the Al-Ahsa oasis, Saudi Arabia, was determined over a period of one year. Botanical composition of the pollen loads was dominated by rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo Thunb), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The highest amounts (g/colony) of pollen loads were collected during spring and winter, and the lowest during autumn, and there were seasonal variations in and among nutrient content. The highest values of fructose, crude protein, lipids, and ash content were recorded from pollen loads collected during spring and winter, and the highest values of glucose and moisture content were recorded from pollen loads collected in autumn; pollen loads collected during summer showed the highest values of total and available carbohydrate, and crude fiber content. The high content of fructose, crude protein, lipids, and ash in pollen loads collected during the spring and winter seasons indicate they represent a valuable food supplement.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211
Amber N. Fredenburg, J. Gibbs, D. Henne
ABSTRACT: Bees serve an important role as pollinators and are a fundamental part of an ecosystem's biodiversity. However, the current conservation status of many bee species is largely unknown. We surveyed the wild bee species in and around Thunder Bay, a city in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The wild bee species in this region have not been fully documented but are necessary to fill gaps in many bee species ranges. We surveyed three representative flower-rich habitats of the area (an agricultural field, a tree plantation, and a wildflower meadow) throughout the summer of 2019 and collected 64 wild bee species from 17 genera and 5 families. Many species were newly documented to northwestern Ontario and one, Nomada alpha, was a newly documented species to Canada. Floral associations by all bees collected were made along with a phenology of each species found throughout the survey. The data collected allow for a better understanding of the local species that inhabit this area of Canada and provide information that would better target local conservation efforts for wild bees in the future.
{"title":"A Survey of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Thunder Bay, Ontario, and Their Floral Associations","authors":"Amber N. Fredenburg, J. Gibbs, D. Henne","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.211","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Bees serve an important role as pollinators and are a fundamental part of an ecosystem's biodiversity. However, the current conservation status of many bee species is largely unknown. We surveyed the wild bee species in and around Thunder Bay, a city in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The wild bee species in this region have not been fully documented but are necessary to fill gaps in many bee species ranges. We surveyed three representative flower-rich habitats of the area (an agricultural field, a tree plantation, and a wildflower meadow) throughout the summer of 2019 and collected 64 wild bee species from 17 genera and 5 families. Many species were newly documented to northwestern Ontario and one, Nomada alpha, was a newly documented species to Canada. Floral associations by all bees collected were made along with a phenology of each species found throughout the survey. The data collected allow for a better understanding of the local species that inhabit this area of Canada and provide information that would better target local conservation efforts for wild bees in the future.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48777031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.176
J. Gibbs, E. Hanuschuk, S. Shukla-Bergen
ABSTRACT: Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an exceptionally rare bee of conservation concern. Epeoloides are cleptoparasites of the oil-collecting bees Macropis (Hymenoptera: Melittidae), which specialize on oil-producing species in the genus Lysimachia (Ericales: Primulaceae). We report on the first records of E. pilosulus in Manitoba in 95-years, and only the fifth through eighth specimens for Canada since 1960. Manitoban records of Macropis are also provided.
{"title":"Rediscovery of the Rare Bee Epeoloides pilosulus in Manitoba (Hymenoptera: Apidae)","authors":"J. Gibbs, E. Hanuschuk, S. Shukla-Bergen","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an exceptionally rare bee of conservation concern. Epeoloides are cleptoparasites of the oil-collecting bees Macropis (Hymenoptera: Melittidae), which specialize on oil-producing species in the genus Lysimachia (Ericales: Primulaceae). We report on the first records of E. pilosulus in Manitoba in 95-years, and only the fifth through eighth specimens for Canada since 1960. Manitoban records of Macropis are also provided.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.265
{"title":"2021-2022 Membership Application","authors":"","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140
R. L. Wagner, M. Leach, J. Wallace
ABSTRACT: The need for novel pesticides in agriculture continues to increase, and with it, the need to identify novel phytochemicals with inhibitory properties against lepidopteran pest species. The invasive tree species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), has become well established in North America. However, the impact of its secondary metabolites on lepidopteran pests has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of water-soluble secondary metabolites from A. altissima on the life-history aspects of the agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory reared S. frugiperda were fed artificial diets with or without water-soluble extract from A. altissima. Extract fed S. frugiperda exhibited delays in time to pupation and emergence in addition to reduced larval and pupal biomass as well as relative growth rates. Reduced food consumption was observed and fewer larvae survived to emergence if fed a diet containing A. altissima extract. Further, these adult moths had reduced biomass and smaller wings compared to larvae fed a control diet. Therefore, we suggest that A. altissima metabolites present in the aqueous extract derived from vegetative tissues have detrimental impacts on life-history aspects of S. frugiperda, and in fact, may represent a source of interesting candidate pesticide metabolites. Further studies will investigate the specific metabolites with feeding deterrent properties present in the water-soluble fraction of A. altissima.
{"title":"Leaf Extract from Ailanthus altissima Negatively Impacts Life History Aspects in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"R. L. Wagner, M. Leach, J. Wallace","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The need for novel pesticides in agriculture continues to increase, and with it, the need to identify novel phytochemicals with inhibitory properties against lepidopteran pest species. The invasive tree species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), has become well established in North America. However, the impact of its secondary metabolites on lepidopteran pests has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of water-soluble secondary metabolites from A. altissima on the life-history aspects of the agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory reared S. frugiperda were fed artificial diets with or without water-soluble extract from A. altissima. Extract fed S. frugiperda exhibited delays in time to pupation and emergence in addition to reduced larval and pupal biomass as well as relative growth rates. Reduced food consumption was observed and fewer larvae survived to emergence if fed a diet containing A. altissima extract. Further, these adult moths had reduced biomass and smaller wings compared to larvae fed a control diet. Therefore, we suggest that A. altissima metabolites present in the aqueous extract derived from vegetative tissues have detrimental impacts on life-history aspects of S. frugiperda, and in fact, may represent a source of interesting candidate pesticide metabolites. Further studies will investigate the specific metabolites with feeding deterrent properties present in the water-soluble fraction of A. altissima.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262
T. Springer
ABSTRACT: Adult flies of Conioscinella nuda (Adams) were collected from four native grass species, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack), and Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to determine the insect's preference among these species. The mean number of insects collected varied from 9.7 to 27.0 adults per 15 plants, and the order of preference of C. nuda was big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, and Indiangrass. Differences did occur among plant species for C. nuda preference (P < 0.05) where big and little bluestem were different from sand bluestem and Indiangrass (P < 0.05). The observed differences between the species may be related to spikelet pubescent hairs. The spikelets of big bluestem and little bluestem are mostly glabrous compared to those of sand bluestem and Indiangrass which are covered with conspicuous hairs. Host plant resistance may offer the best approach for controlling C. nuda.
{"title":"Preference of Conioscinella nuda (Diptera: Chloropidae) Among Four Native Grass Species","authors":"T. Springer","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-93.3.262","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Adult flies of Conioscinella nuda (Adams) were collected from four native grass species, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack), and Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to determine the insect's preference among these species. The mean number of insects collected varied from 9.7 to 27.0 adults per 15 plants, and the order of preference of C. nuda was big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, and Indiangrass. Differences did occur among plant species for C. nuda preference (P < 0.05) where big and little bluestem were different from sand bluestem and Indiangrass (P < 0.05). The observed differences between the species may be related to spikelet pubescent hairs. The spikelets of big bluestem and little bluestem are mostly glabrous compared to those of sand bluestem and Indiangrass which are covered with conspicuous hairs. Host plant resistance may offer the best approach for controlling C. nuda.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43409631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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