Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-95.3.31
Wyatt J. Zabinski, Jerry L. Cook
Stylops piercei n. sp. and Stylops boharti n. sp. are described based on female specimens associated with their hosts. Both species are hosted by bees in the genus Andrena but are from species in subgenera that have not previously been documented to host strepsipterans in North America. Andrena (Dactylandrena) berberidis is the host of S. piercei n. sp. and Andrena (Scaphandrena) cruciferarum hosts S. boharti. A supplementary description of Stylops cressoni is given based on specimens from Andrena cressoni infaciata, which is the first report of this subspecies of A. cressoni being a strepsipteran host, and this represents a range extension from Maine, USA to Colorado, USA. Range extensions are reported for Stylops bipunctatae now known from Florida and Stylops mandibularis now found in Colorado. A new host record of S. mandibularis from Andrena thaspii is documented.
根据与其寄主相关的雌性标本，描述了piercei n. sp和boharti n. sp。这两个物种都是由安德里娜属的蜜蜂宿主，但它们来自以前没有记录的亚属物种，在北美宿主链虫。小檗属(Dactylandrena)是S. piercei n. sp.的寄主，十字花科(Scaphandrena)寄主S. boharti。本文根据赤枝芽孢杆菌(Andrena cressoni infaciata)的标本对赤枝芽孢杆菌(Stylops cressoni)进行了补充描述，这是首次报道赤枝芽孢杆菌亚种为链虫寄主，其分布范围从美国缅因州延伸到美国科罗拉多州。据报道，现在在佛罗里达州发现的双点茎柱和在科罗拉多州发现的下颌茎柱的范围扩大了。报道了一种新寄主记录。
{"title":"Two New Species of Stylops (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) from the United States, with New Host and Distribution Records","authors":"Wyatt J. Zabinski, Jerry L. Cook","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-95.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-95.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"Stylops piercei n. sp. and Stylops boharti n. sp. are described based on female specimens associated with their hosts. Both species are hosted by bees in the genus Andrena but are from species in subgenera that have not previously been documented to host strepsipterans in North America. Andrena (Dactylandrena) berberidis is the host of S. piercei n. sp. and Andrena (Scaphandrena) cruciferarum hosts S. boharti. A supplementary description of Stylops cressoni is given based on specimens from Andrena cressoni infaciata, which is the first report of this subspecies of A. cressoni being a strepsipteran host, and this represents a range extension from Maine, USA to Colorado, USA. Range extensions are reported for Stylops bipunctatae now known from Florida and Stylops mandibularis now found in Colorado. A new host record of S. mandibularis from Andrena thaspii is documented.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-95.2.21
Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Waleed Shakoor, Syed Muhammad Zaka
Under natural environmental conditions, insects are highly affected by heat stress. Studies on the effect of heat stresses on the life history of Dysdercus koenigii are scarce. This study investigated the effect of short-term high temperature stress on the developmental period, survival rate of all stages and reproduction of D. koenigii adults. Eggs, nymphs and adults were exposed to 28 °C, 31 °C, 34 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C for 2 h and returned to the laboratory to check all the above-mentioned aspects. The developmental duration and survival rate of all stages decreased with the increase of temperature. Longevity and survival rate of females were significantly higher than males after exposure to heat. Fecundity and hatching percentage was significantly decreased with the increase of temperature. Because short-term high temperature stress response is vital for the survival of all stages of D. koenigii, our findings can be used to develop a more profound understanding of the potential for this insect to evolve in response to environmental changes.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature Fluctuation on Some Biological Parameters of Dysdercus koenigii (F.)","authors":"Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Waleed Shakoor, Syed Muhammad Zaka","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-95.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-95.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Under natural environmental conditions, insects are highly affected by heat stress. Studies on the effect of heat stresses on the life history of Dysdercus koenigii are scarce. This study investigated the effect of short-term high temperature stress on the developmental period, survival rate of all stages and reproduction of D. koenigii adults. Eggs, nymphs and adults were exposed to 28 °C, 31 °C, 34 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C for 2 h and returned to the laboratory to check all the above-mentioned aspects. The developmental duration and survival rate of all stages decreased with the increase of temperature. Longevity and survival rate of females were significantly higher than males after exposure to heat. Fecundity and hatching percentage was significantly decreased with the increase of temperature. Because short-term high temperature stress response is vital for the survival of all stages of D. koenigii, our findings can be used to develop a more profound understanding of the potential for this insect to evolve in response to environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-95.4.45
Jerry L. Cook, John L. Neef
Crawfordia hadrovena n. sp. is described from specimens hosted by bee species Protandrena aethiops and P. rugosa from Central Texas. While these host species overlap in their geographical distribution in this region, their flight times and adult presence in the environment are isolated temporally. The description of males of C. hadrovena represents only the second males known in the genus of now nine species. Females have been described for all species but the description of species only using females has not used consistent characters. Thus, taxonomic characters are discussed with the shape of the cephalothorax, nature of the cephalothoracic basal band, nature of the brood canal, and shape of mandibles being important characters for species identification. The lateral portions of the brood canal that were previously thought to be sutures between head and thorax of the cephalothorax or cord-like extensions of the brood canal are now shown to be the lateral sides of the brood canal. A checklist of all species of Crawfordia and their hosts is provided.
{"title":"A New Species of Crawfordia (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) from Texas, with an Annotated Checklist of the Species of Crawfordia and their Hosts","authors":"Jerry L. Cook, John L. Neef","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-95.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-95.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"Crawfordia hadrovena n. sp. is described from specimens hosted by bee species Protandrena aethiops and P. rugosa from Central Texas. While these host species overlap in their geographical distribution in this region, their flight times and adult presence in the environment are isolated temporally. The description of males of C. hadrovena represents only the second males known in the genus of now nine species. Females have been described for all species but the description of species only using females has not used consistent characters. Thus, taxonomic characters are discussed with the shape of the cephalothorax, nature of the cephalothoracic basal band, nature of the brood canal, and shape of mandibles being important characters for species identification. The lateral portions of the brood canal that were previously thought to be sutures between head and thorax of the cephalothorax or cord-like extensions of the brood canal are now shown to be the lateral sides of the brood canal. A checklist of all species of Crawfordia and their hosts is provided.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-95.1.1
V. Torrez, P. Beauzay, Ashley L. St. Clair, J. Knodel
ABSTRACT: Bees are declining in the U.S., especially in heavily cropped landscapes due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and other factors. In Midwestern states like North Dakota (ND), where field crops are grown extensively, native resources for bees are often sparse. Soybean and sunflower are two major crops grown in ND which could provide floral resources for bee communities. To address the importance of these crops for bees, we sampled soybean and sunflower fields in 2018 using bee bowls. Our objectives were: 1) to determine the community composition, abundance, and species richness of bees in flowering soybean and sunflower grown in southeastern ND; 2) to determine the bee abundance at different flowering stages of each crop; and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of bowl colors for monitoring bees. We collected a total of 3,038 bees and 53 different species. Apidae was the most common bee trapped across both crops with 82.4% of collected bees. Overall, community composition, abundance, and species richness of bees were not significantly different between crops; however, abundance indicated that 116.8% more bees were collected in soybean than sunflower. Regardless of crop, bee abundance at field edges was 18.2% higher than those captured from field interiors; however, species richness did not differ between field edges and interiors. Bee abundance did not differ across flowering stages of either crop, with one exception in sunflowers. Sunflower at R6 (flowering completed) had much higher bee abundance than sunflower at R5.5 (mid-flowering), probably due to the bowls being more attractive and visible as flowering ended. Blue bowls captured the majority of bees. Both blue and yellow bowls captured significantly more bees than white and red bowls across both crops. The relative bee diversity and abundance identified in this study increased our knowledge of bee communities in soybean and sunflower grown in ND.
{"title":"Survey of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Flowering Soybean and Sunflower Fields in North Dakota","authors":"V. Torrez, P. Beauzay, Ashley L. St. Clair, J. Knodel","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-95.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-95.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Bees are declining in the U.S., especially in heavily cropped landscapes due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and other factors. In Midwestern states like North Dakota (ND), where field crops are grown extensively, native resources for bees are often sparse. Soybean and sunflower are two major crops grown in ND which could provide floral resources for bee communities. To address the importance of these crops for bees, we sampled soybean and sunflower fields in 2018 using bee bowls. Our objectives were: 1) to determine the community composition, abundance, and species richness of bees in flowering soybean and sunflower grown in southeastern ND; 2) to determine the bee abundance at different flowering stages of each crop; and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of bowl colors for monitoring bees. We collected a total of 3,038 bees and 53 different species. Apidae was the most common bee trapped across both crops with 82.4% of collected bees. Overall, community composition, abundance, and species richness of bees were not significantly different between crops; however, abundance indicated that 116.8% more bees were collected in soybean than sunflower. Regardless of crop, bee abundance at field edges was 18.2% higher than those captured from field interiors; however, species richness did not differ between field edges and interiors. Bee abundance did not differ across flowering stages of either crop, with one exception in sunflowers. Sunflower at R6 (flowering completed) had much higher bee abundance than sunflower at R5.5 (mid-flowering), probably due to the bowls being more attractive and visible as flowering ended. Blue bowls captured the majority of bees. Both blue and yellow bowls captured significantly more bees than white and red bowls across both crops. The relative bee diversity and abundance identified in this study increased our knowledge of bee communities in soybean and sunflower grown in ND.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"95 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235
Nina S. Fogel, Madeleine F. Thompson, Paige Muñiz, G. Camilo
ABSTRACT: Animals that live in urban environments face unique stressors due to increased temperatures associated with these novel ecosystems. Large bees in the family Apidae thermoregulate in a variety of fashions including wing muscle vibrations, basking, and collecting heat with the wings. Thus, the coloration of the wing will impact the degree of heat absorption. The eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica Linnaeus, is a widespread, univoltine species found throughout eastern North America. Typically, X. virginica has solid dark brown to black wings. We report on a newly discovered wing phenotype in which the wing has lost significant amounts of coloration, making them nearly transparent. Using specimens from St. Louis, MO, we found that the de-melanization is usually restricted to the distal portions of the wing, yet the coverage differs between individuals. The proportion of individuals exhibiting pigment loss is similar between males and females. We examined observations on the iNaturalist platform and found that the phenotype is found in urban areas throughout the species range. We hypothesize that de-melanization could be an adaptation to heat stress, however more research is needed.
{"title":"The Prevalence and Manifestation of Wing De-melanization in the Eastern Carpenter Bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae Xylocopa virginica) Associated with Urban Areas","authors":"Nina S. Fogel, Madeleine F. Thompson, Paige Muñiz, G. Camilo","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Animals that live in urban environments face unique stressors due to increased temperatures associated with these novel ecosystems. Large bees in the family Apidae thermoregulate in a variety of fashions including wing muscle vibrations, basking, and collecting heat with the wings. Thus, the coloration of the wing will impact the degree of heat absorption. The eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica Linnaeus, is a widespread, univoltine species found throughout eastern North America. Typically, X. virginica has solid dark brown to black wings. We report on a newly discovered wing phenotype in which the wing has lost significant amounts of coloration, making them nearly transparent. Using specimens from St. Louis, MO, we found that the de-melanization is usually restricted to the distal portions of the wing, yet the coverage differs between individuals. The proportion of individuals exhibiting pigment loss is similar between males and females. We examined observations on the iNaturalist platform and found that the phenotype is found in urban areas throughout the species range. We hypothesize that de-melanization could be an adaptation to heat stress, however more research is needed.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"235 - S266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301
A. Pan, J. Neff, Joseph S. Wilson
ABSTRACT: Holcopasites jerryrozeni, a rare cleptoparasitc bee known from central and southern Texas is reported from the Texas Panhandle, sizably expanding its known distribution. Behavior, floral association, and potential hosts are also noted. Images of the species are provided along with a distribution map.
{"title":"New Distribution and Ecological Records of the Rare Texas Endemic Species, Holcopasites jerryrozeni (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatoidini), in the Texas Panhandle","authors":"A. Pan, J. Neff, Joseph S. Wilson","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Holcopasites jerryrozeni, a rare cleptoparasitc bee known from central and southern Texas is reported from the Texas Panhandle, sizably expanding its known distribution. Behavior, floral association, and potential hosts are also noted. Images of the species are provided along with a distribution map.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"301 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277
M. Leach, A. C. Dibble, L. Stack, L. B. Perkins, F. Drummond
Abstract: It has been proposed that pollen nutritional content is the most important factor in the selection of flowers by bees. We hypothesized that pollen and nectar quality affect bee visitation among co-flowering plant species. We also hypothesized that increased soil fertility increases pollen nutritional content and subsequently floral visitation. We conducted two field studies to test these hypotheses. In the first experiment, we recorded the following taxa groups of bees: 1) Apis mellifera (L.), 2) Bombus ternarius Say, 3) Bombus spp., and 4) Other Bees (solitary bees); visiting the following plants: Helianthus annuus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Borago officinalis L., and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham. We measured the number of open flowers, corolla depth, flower diameter and nutritional content of pollen and nectar to determine which characteristics were correlated with bee visitation to flowers. We found that bees in different taxa foraged preferentially on one or several of the four plant species, and that pollen amino acid profile was associated with the amount of visitation for honey bees, B. ternarius, and Other Bees; and plants with higher percent nectar sugar content was positively related to visitation for honey bees and Bombus spp. In the second experiment, we varied soil fertility for Impatiens capensis Meerb. (Jewelweed, Family: Balsaminaceae) by adding fertilizer to potted plants and measured subsequent floral production, flower morphological characteristics, pollen amino acids, and bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, visitation from an adjacent commercial bumble bee hive. We found that fertilizer application had a positive effect on plant growth, flower production, and amino acid content, which positively influenced bumble bee visitation rate.
{"title":"The Effect of Plant Nutrition on Bee Flower Visitation","authors":"M. Leach, A. C. Dibble, L. Stack, L. B. Perkins, F. Drummond","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: It has been proposed that pollen nutritional content is the most important factor in the selection of flowers by bees. We hypothesized that pollen and nectar quality affect bee visitation among co-flowering plant species. We also hypothesized that increased soil fertility increases pollen nutritional content and subsequently floral visitation. We conducted two field studies to test these hypotheses. In the first experiment, we recorded the following taxa groups of bees: 1) Apis mellifera (L.), 2) Bombus ternarius Say, 3) Bombus spp., and 4) Other Bees (solitary bees); visiting the following plants: Helianthus annuus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Borago officinalis L., and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham. We measured the number of open flowers, corolla depth, flower diameter and nutritional content of pollen and nectar to determine which characteristics were correlated with bee visitation to flowers. We found that bees in different taxa foraged preferentially on one or several of the four plant species, and that pollen amino acid profile was associated with the amount of visitation for honey bees, B. ternarius, and Other Bees; and plants with higher percent nectar sugar content was positively related to visitation for honey bees and Bombus spp. In the second experiment, we varied soil fertility for Impatiens capensis Meerb. (Jewelweed, Family: Balsaminaceae) by adding fertilizer to potted plants and measured subsequent floral production, flower morphological characteristics, pollen amino acids, and bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, visitation from an adjacent commercial bumble bee hive. We found that fertilizer application had a positive effect on plant growth, flower production, and amino acid content, which positively influenced bumble bee visitation rate.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"277 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306
A. Aiello
ABSTRACT: It is impractical to rear tree-feeding Hemiptera in the laboratory, but host-associations can be discovered if adults and immatures are found feeding together on their plant. However, solitary tree-feeding nymphs must be observed closely in the field to capture the adult upon emergence and thus learn the species identity. A spittle bug, Sphodroscarta Stål, 1869 belonging to the gigas group (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae) was reared in the field by monitoring a nymph in a spittle nest on Ficus maxima Miller, 1768 (Moraceae) and obtaining the adult in Arraiján, Republic of Panama. Dates, a 132-day timeline, and photographs are provided.
摘要：在实验室里饲养以树为食的半翅目昆虫是不切实际的，但如果发现成虫和幼蜂一起在它们的植物上觅食，就可以发现寄主的关联。然而，必须在野外密切观察以树为食的孤独若虫，以便在出现时捕捉成虫，从而了解物种身份。1869年，一只属于巨型昆虫群（半翅目：Cercopoidea：Aphrophoridae）的唾沫虫Sphodroscarta Stål在野外饲养，方法是在1768年（莫拉科）的Ficus maxima Miller的唾沫巢中监测一只若虫，并在巴拿马共和国的Arraiján获得成虫。提供了日期、132天的时间线和照片。
{"title":"Confirmation of Ficus maxima (Moraceae) as a Host Plant for a Spittle Bug, Sphodroscarta (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), Reared in the Field in Panama","authors":"A. Aiello","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: It is impractical to rear tree-feeding Hemiptera in the laboratory, but host-associations can be discovered if adults and immatures are found feeding together on their plant. However, solitary tree-feeding nymphs must be observed closely in the field to capture the adult upon emergence and thus learn the species identity. A spittle bug, Sphodroscarta Stål, 1869 belonging to the gigas group (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae) was reared in the field by monitoring a nymph in a spittle nest on Ficus maxima Miller, 1768 (Moraceae) and obtaining the adult in Arraiján, Republic of Panama. Dates, a 132-day timeline, and photographs are provided.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"306 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267
A. L. Smith, M. P. Smith, B. Kard, M. Payton
ABSTRACT: Termite researchers on The Nature Conservancy's Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeast Oklahoma have long been interested about nutritional resources used by subterranean termites inhabiting the Preserve. In 12-week choice and no-choice laboratory feeding tests, subterranean termites were fed a mixture of stems-and-leaves, or roots only, of four predominant grasses growing on the Preserve: Indiangrass – Sorghastrum nutans L; Switchgrass – Panicum vigatum L; Big Bluestem – Andropogan gerardii Vitman; and Little Bluestem – Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.). Termites consumed all of these food choices but preferred roots compared with stems and leaves. In choice feeding tests, termites preferred Switchgrass roots. In no-choice feeding tests, roots of Indiangrass and Big Bluestem were consumed in greatest amounts. All four grasses were palatable to Reticulitermes tibialis, a subterranean termite common throughout the Preserve.
{"title":"Feeding Preferences by Reticulitermes tibialis (Blattodea: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) between Four Tallgrass Prairie Grasses","authors":"A. L. Smith, M. P. Smith, B. Kard, M. Payton","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Termite researchers on The Nature Conservancy's Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeast Oklahoma have long been interested about nutritional resources used by subterranean termites inhabiting the Preserve. In 12-week choice and no-choice laboratory feeding tests, subterranean termites were fed a mixture of stems-and-leaves, or roots only, of four predominant grasses growing on the Preserve: Indiangrass – Sorghastrum nutans L; Switchgrass – Panicum vigatum L; Big Bluestem – Andropogan gerardii Vitman; and Little Bluestem – Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.). Termites consumed all of these food choices but preferred roots compared with stems and leaves. In choice feeding tests, termites preferred Switchgrass roots. In no-choice feeding tests, roots of Indiangrass and Big Bluestem were consumed in greatest amounts. All four grasses were palatable to Reticulitermes tibialis, a subterranean termite common throughout the Preserve.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"267 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.224
N. J. Herrick, R. Cloyd
ABSTRACT: The rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), are biological control agents used in greenhouse production systems. However, there is no information available on the effects of five newly registered insecticides: pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole and flonicamid, afidopyropen, and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 on adult survival of these biological control agents. Consequently, two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in 2020 to determine the direct effects of the five insecticides on rove beetle and insidious flower bug adults. Individual rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults were placed into Petri dishes with filter paper treated with the insecticides. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, the number of live and dead adults was recorded. We found that afidopyropen at 0.27 mL/500 mL and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 at 0.11 and 0.50 mL/500 mL, were not directly harmful to rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults with 100% survival. However, pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, and cyclaniliprole and flonicamid were directly harmful to rove beetles and insidious flower bugs with ≤ 60% adult survival. Based on our results, afidopyropen and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 can be integrated into biological control programs that include the use of rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults.
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