Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235
Nina S. Fogel, Madeleine F. Thompson, Paige Muñiz, G. Camilo
ABSTRACT: Animals that live in urban environments face unique stressors due to increased temperatures associated with these novel ecosystems. Large bees in the family Apidae thermoregulate in a variety of fashions including wing muscle vibrations, basking, and collecting heat with the wings. Thus, the coloration of the wing will impact the degree of heat absorption. The eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica Linnaeus, is a widespread, univoltine species found throughout eastern North America. Typically, X. virginica has solid dark brown to black wings. We report on a newly discovered wing phenotype in which the wing has lost significant amounts of coloration, making them nearly transparent. Using specimens from St. Louis, MO, we found that the de-melanization is usually restricted to the distal portions of the wing, yet the coverage differs between individuals. The proportion of individuals exhibiting pigment loss is similar between males and females. We examined observations on the iNaturalist platform and found that the phenotype is found in urban areas throughout the species range. We hypothesize that de-melanization could be an adaptation to heat stress, however more research is needed.
{"title":"The Prevalence and Manifestation of Wing De-melanization in the Eastern Carpenter Bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae Xylocopa virginica) Associated with Urban Areas","authors":"Nina S. Fogel, Madeleine F. Thompson, Paige Muñiz, G. Camilo","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.235","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Animals that live in urban environments face unique stressors due to increased temperatures associated with these novel ecosystems. Large bees in the family Apidae thermoregulate in a variety of fashions including wing muscle vibrations, basking, and collecting heat with the wings. Thus, the coloration of the wing will impact the degree of heat absorption. The eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica Linnaeus, is a widespread, univoltine species found throughout eastern North America. Typically, X. virginica has solid dark brown to black wings. We report on a newly discovered wing phenotype in which the wing has lost significant amounts of coloration, making them nearly transparent. Using specimens from St. Louis, MO, we found that the de-melanization is usually restricted to the distal portions of the wing, yet the coverage differs between individuals. The proportion of individuals exhibiting pigment loss is similar between males and females. We examined observations on the iNaturalist platform and found that the phenotype is found in urban areas throughout the species range. We hypothesize that de-melanization could be an adaptation to heat stress, however more research is needed.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301
A. Pan, J. Neff, Joseph S. Wilson
ABSTRACT: Holcopasites jerryrozeni, a rare cleptoparasitc bee known from central and southern Texas is reported from the Texas Panhandle, sizably expanding its known distribution. Behavior, floral association, and potential hosts are also noted. Images of the species are provided along with a distribution map.
{"title":"New Distribution and Ecological Records of the Rare Texas Endemic Species, Holcopasites jerryrozeni (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatoidini), in the Texas Panhandle","authors":"A. Pan, J. Neff, Joseph S. Wilson","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Holcopasites jerryrozeni, a rare cleptoparasitc bee known from central and southern Texas is reported from the Texas Panhandle, sizably expanding its known distribution. Behavior, floral association, and potential hosts are also noted. Images of the species are provided along with a distribution map.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277
M. Leach, A. C. Dibble, L. Stack, L. B. Perkins, F. Drummond
Abstract: It has been proposed that pollen nutritional content is the most important factor in the selection of flowers by bees. We hypothesized that pollen and nectar quality affect bee visitation among co-flowering plant species. We also hypothesized that increased soil fertility increases pollen nutritional content and subsequently floral visitation. We conducted two field studies to test these hypotheses. In the first experiment, we recorded the following taxa groups of bees: 1) Apis mellifera (L.), 2) Bombus ternarius Say, 3) Bombus spp., and 4) Other Bees (solitary bees); visiting the following plants: Helianthus annuus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Borago officinalis L., and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham. We measured the number of open flowers, corolla depth, flower diameter and nutritional content of pollen and nectar to determine which characteristics were correlated with bee visitation to flowers. We found that bees in different taxa foraged preferentially on one or several of the four plant species, and that pollen amino acid profile was associated with the amount of visitation for honey bees, B. ternarius, and Other Bees; and plants with higher percent nectar sugar content was positively related to visitation for honey bees and Bombus spp. In the second experiment, we varied soil fertility for Impatiens capensis Meerb. (Jewelweed, Family: Balsaminaceae) by adding fertilizer to potted plants and measured subsequent floral production, flower morphological characteristics, pollen amino acids, and bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, visitation from an adjacent commercial bumble bee hive. We found that fertilizer application had a positive effect on plant growth, flower production, and amino acid content, which positively influenced bumble bee visitation rate.
{"title":"The Effect of Plant Nutrition on Bee Flower Visitation","authors":"M. Leach, A. C. Dibble, L. Stack, L. B. Perkins, F. Drummond","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.277","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: It has been proposed that pollen nutritional content is the most important factor in the selection of flowers by bees. We hypothesized that pollen and nectar quality affect bee visitation among co-flowering plant species. We also hypothesized that increased soil fertility increases pollen nutritional content and subsequently floral visitation. We conducted two field studies to test these hypotheses. In the first experiment, we recorded the following taxa groups of bees: 1) Apis mellifera (L.), 2) Bombus ternarius Say, 3) Bombus spp., and 4) Other Bees (solitary bees); visiting the following plants: Helianthus annuus L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Borago officinalis L., and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham. We measured the number of open flowers, corolla depth, flower diameter and nutritional content of pollen and nectar to determine which characteristics were correlated with bee visitation to flowers. We found that bees in different taxa foraged preferentially on one or several of the four plant species, and that pollen amino acid profile was associated with the amount of visitation for honey bees, B. ternarius, and Other Bees; and plants with higher percent nectar sugar content was positively related to visitation for honey bees and Bombus spp. In the second experiment, we varied soil fertility for Impatiens capensis Meerb. (Jewelweed, Family: Balsaminaceae) by adding fertilizer to potted plants and measured subsequent floral production, flower morphological characteristics, pollen amino acids, and bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, visitation from an adjacent commercial bumble bee hive. We found that fertilizer application had a positive effect on plant growth, flower production, and amino acid content, which positively influenced bumble bee visitation rate.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306
A. Aiello
ABSTRACT: It is impractical to rear tree-feeding Hemiptera in the laboratory, but host-associations can be discovered if adults and immatures are found feeding together on their plant. However, solitary tree-feeding nymphs must be observed closely in the field to capture the adult upon emergence and thus learn the species identity. A spittle bug, Sphodroscarta Stål, 1869 belonging to the gigas group (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae) was reared in the field by monitoring a nymph in a spittle nest on Ficus maxima Miller, 1768 (Moraceae) and obtaining the adult in Arraiján, Republic of Panama. Dates, a 132-day timeline, and photographs are provided.
摘要：在实验室里饲养以树为食的半翅目昆虫是不切实际的，但如果发现成虫和幼蜂一起在它们的植物上觅食，就可以发现寄主的关联。然而，必须在野外密切观察以树为食的孤独若虫，以便在出现时捕捉成虫，从而了解物种身份。1869年，一只属于巨型昆虫群（半翅目：Cercopoidea：Aphrophoridae）的唾沫虫Sphodroscarta Stål在野外饲养，方法是在1768年（莫拉科）的Ficus maxima Miller的唾沫巢中监测一只若虫，并在巴拿马共和国的Arraiján获得成虫。提供了日期、132天的时间线和照片。
{"title":"Confirmation of Ficus maxima (Moraceae) as a Host Plant for a Spittle Bug, Sphodroscarta (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), Reared in the Field in Panama","authors":"A. Aiello","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: It is impractical to rear tree-feeding Hemiptera in the laboratory, but host-associations can be discovered if adults and immatures are found feeding together on their plant. However, solitary tree-feeding nymphs must be observed closely in the field to capture the adult upon emergence and thus learn the species identity. A spittle bug, Sphodroscarta Stål, 1869 belonging to the gigas group (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae) was reared in the field by monitoring a nymph in a spittle nest on Ficus maxima Miller, 1768 (Moraceae) and obtaining the adult in Arraiján, Republic of Panama. Dates, a 132-day timeline, and photographs are provided.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267
A. L. Smith, M. P. Smith, B. Kard, M. Payton
ABSTRACT: Termite researchers on The Nature Conservancy's Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeast Oklahoma have long been interested about nutritional resources used by subterranean termites inhabiting the Preserve. In 12-week choice and no-choice laboratory feeding tests, subterranean termites were fed a mixture of stems-and-leaves, or roots only, of four predominant grasses growing on the Preserve: Indiangrass – Sorghastrum nutans L; Switchgrass – Panicum vigatum L; Big Bluestem – Andropogan gerardii Vitman; and Little Bluestem – Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.). Termites consumed all of these food choices but preferred roots compared with stems and leaves. In choice feeding tests, termites preferred Switchgrass roots. In no-choice feeding tests, roots of Indiangrass and Big Bluestem were consumed in greatest amounts. All four grasses were palatable to Reticulitermes tibialis, a subterranean termite common throughout the Preserve.
{"title":"Feeding Preferences by Reticulitermes tibialis (Blattodea: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) between Four Tallgrass Prairie Grasses","authors":"A. L. Smith, M. P. Smith, B. Kard, M. Payton","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.4.267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Termite researchers on The Nature Conservancy's Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeast Oklahoma have long been interested about nutritional resources used by subterranean termites inhabiting the Preserve. In 12-week choice and no-choice laboratory feeding tests, subterranean termites were fed a mixture of stems-and-leaves, or roots only, of four predominant grasses growing on the Preserve: Indiangrass – Sorghastrum nutans L; Switchgrass – Panicum vigatum L; Big Bluestem – Andropogan gerardii Vitman; and Little Bluestem – Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.). Termites consumed all of these food choices but preferred roots compared with stems and leaves. In choice feeding tests, termites preferred Switchgrass roots. In no-choice feeding tests, roots of Indiangrass and Big Bluestem were consumed in greatest amounts. All four grasses were palatable to Reticulitermes tibialis, a subterranean termite common throughout the Preserve.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.224
N. J. Herrick, R. Cloyd
ABSTRACT: The rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), are biological control agents used in greenhouse production systems. However, there is no information available on the effects of five newly registered insecticides: pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole and flonicamid, afidopyropen, and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 on adult survival of these biological control agents. Consequently, two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in 2020 to determine the direct effects of the five insecticides on rove beetle and insidious flower bug adults. Individual rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults were placed into Petri dishes with filter paper treated with the insecticides. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, the number of live and dead adults was recorded. We found that afidopyropen at 0.27 mL/500 mL and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 at 0.11 and 0.50 mL/500 mL, were not directly harmful to rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults with 100% survival. However, pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, and cyclaniliprole and flonicamid were directly harmful to rove beetles and insidious flower bugs with ≤ 60% adult survival. Based on our results, afidopyropen and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 can be integrated into biological control programs that include the use of rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults.
{"title":"Survival of Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and Insidious Flower Bug, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Adults after Exposure to Five Newly Registered Insecticides under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"N. J. Herrick, R. Cloyd","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), are biological control agents used in greenhouse production systems. However, there is no information available on the effects of five newly registered insecticides: pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole and flonicamid, afidopyropen, and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 on adult survival of these biological control agents. Consequently, two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in 2020 to determine the direct effects of the five insecticides on rove beetle and insidious flower bug adults. Individual rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults were placed into Petri dishes with filter paper treated with the insecticides. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, the number of live and dead adults was recorded. We found that afidopyropen at 0.27 mL/500 mL and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 at 0.11 and 0.50 mL/500 mL, were not directly harmful to rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults with 100% survival. However, pyrethrins and canola oil, cyclaniliprole, and cyclaniliprole and flonicamid were directly harmful to rove beetles and insidious flower bugs with ≤ 60% adult survival. Based on our results, afidopyropen and Beauveria bassiana PPRI 5339 can be integrated into biological control programs that include the use of rove beetle or insidious flower bug adults.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.213
Jacob W. Farriester, W. Hoback, Daniel G. Snethen
ABSTRACT: The largest North American Silphidae, the American burying beetle (ABB), Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, has been extirpated from ∼90% of its historic range and is federally threatened. Two distinct populations in the Southern (Oklahoma and Arkansas) and North-Central United States (Nebraska and South Dakota) persist at the western edge of the ABB's former range. In Nebraska, the western limits of occurrence are associated with Merritt Reservoir and linked irrigation canals. ABBs are also found at the nearby hand-planted McKelvie National Forest. While habitat alteration and fragmentation are likely the primary reasons for ABB decline, few studies have examined their response to human habitat modifications unrelated to urbanization or agricultural conversion. Through five-day sampling periods with carrion-baited pitfall traps, ABB were captured and recorded in June and August from 2015 to 2017 at Merritt Reservoir and McKelvie National Forest in Cherry County, Nebraska. Traps were placed in transects (N = 4) at each location with reservoir traps set at the shoreline, transition, and upland habitats and forest traps set in the prairie, transition zone, and pine forest. At Merritt Reservoir, 651 ABB were captured, with significantly more collected at the shoreline. Concurrently, 23 ABB were captured at McKelvie Forest, with more ABB found within the forest compared to nearby prairie. These findings support previous suggestions that the western distribution of ABB is limited by moisture. Further investigation may indicate that reliable soil moisture associated with altered habitats in Nebraska could support ABB and potentially allow western range expansion.
{"title":"American Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) Occurrence at Reservoir Shoreline and Hand-Planted Forest at the Western Limit of Their Range","authors":"Jacob W. Farriester, W. Hoback, Daniel G. Snethen","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The largest North American Silphidae, the American burying beetle (ABB), Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, has been extirpated from ∼90% of its historic range and is federally threatened. Two distinct populations in the Southern (Oklahoma and Arkansas) and North-Central United States (Nebraska and South Dakota) persist at the western edge of the ABB's former range. In Nebraska, the western limits of occurrence are associated with Merritt Reservoir and linked irrigation canals. ABBs are also found at the nearby hand-planted McKelvie National Forest. While habitat alteration and fragmentation are likely the primary reasons for ABB decline, few studies have examined their response to human habitat modifications unrelated to urbanization or agricultural conversion. Through five-day sampling periods with carrion-baited pitfall traps, ABB were captured and recorded in June and August from 2015 to 2017 at Merritt Reservoir and McKelvie National Forest in Cherry County, Nebraska. Traps were placed in transects (N = 4) at each location with reservoir traps set at the shoreline, transition, and upland habitats and forest traps set in the prairie, transition zone, and pine forest. At Merritt Reservoir, 651 ABB were captured, with significantly more collected at the shoreline. Concurrently, 23 ABB were captured at McKelvie Forest, with more ABB found within the forest compared to nearby prairie. These findings support previous suggestions that the western distribution of ABB is limited by moisture. Further investigation may indicate that reliable soil moisture associated with altered habitats in Nebraska could support ABB and potentially allow western range expansion.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.167
Samuel A. Discua, S. Longing
ABSTRACT: Urban and rural landscapes are important for providing floral resources to pollinating insects, yet determining the attractiveness of specific plants to a variety of pollinators remains a need in many regions. The objective of this study was to determine the attractiveness of 30 different plants to foraging insects. On 14 dates in 2016 and 2017, floral abundances were measured and the number of insect visitors recorded. A total of 57 insect morphospecies were recorded, with bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) the most abundant pollinator and honey bees the most frequently observed forager. Russian sage (Salvia farinacea) and Catmint (Nepeta × faassenii ‘Walker’s Low’) attracted the greatest number of pollinators. Native plants adapted to the region attracted the highest diversity of pollinators. Thirteen plants, some that are considered good pollinator plants, attracted low numbers of insects. Five pollinator taxa (Anthophora californica/urbana, Apis mellifera, Agapostemon angelicus/texanus, Lasioglossum spp., and Bombyliidae) were attracted to 10 or more different plants, while approximately 65 percent of the taxa were attracted to three or fewer plants. Results support strategies for both grassland restoration and the selection of plants when resources and habitat for pollinators are considered in the management of urban green spaces.
{"title":"Attractiveness of Drought-tolerant Plants to Insect Pollinators in the Southern High Plains Region","authors":"Samuel A. Discua, S. Longing","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Urban and rural landscapes are important for providing floral resources to pollinating insects, yet determining the attractiveness of specific plants to a variety of pollinators remains a need in many regions. The objective of this study was to determine the attractiveness of 30 different plants to foraging insects. On 14 dates in 2016 and 2017, floral abundances were measured and the number of insect visitors recorded. A total of 57 insect morphospecies were recorded, with bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) the most abundant pollinator and honey bees the most frequently observed forager. Russian sage (Salvia farinacea) and Catmint (Nepeta × faassenii ‘Walker’s Low’) attracted the greatest number of pollinators. Native plants adapted to the region attracted the highest diversity of pollinators. Thirteen plants, some that are considered good pollinator plants, attracted low numbers of insects. Five pollinator taxa (Anthophora californica/urbana, Apis mellifera, Agapostemon angelicus/texanus, Lasioglossum spp., and Bombyliidae) were attracted to 10 or more different plants, while approximately 65 percent of the taxa were attracted to three or fewer plants. Results support strategies for both grassland restoration and the selection of plants when resources and habitat for pollinators are considered in the management of urban green spaces.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.199
M. Barrett, Annette K. Kang, Angelina Gomez, Devneet Kainth, S. O’Donnell
Abstract: Isodontia auripes [Fernald] females nested in fourteen 12-mm diameter artificial trap nests at two locations in New York State (Geneseo and Rensselaerville). We report broods of up to 14 pupae in a single chamber with an average of 5.8 pupae per chamber (previously reported range 2 - 6 pupae/chamber). Nest architecture, with plugs of finely shredded, packed grass and coarse, wound grass stems, was similar to other reports of I. auripes nests, except that only one nest contained a grass partition on the back wall of the chamber (in a case where mud-nesting wasps had preceded I. auripes). All prey items that could be identified to species were either the non-native drumming katydid, Meconema thalassinum [DeGeer], or the narrow-winged tree cricket, Oecanthus niveus [DeGeer]; M. thalassinum accounted for 71% of identified prey and is a new prey record for this wasp. Nests contained an estimated average of 11 prey per pupa, with a strongly female-biased prey sex ratio. The 116 collected pupae suffered from high pre-emergence mortality (65.5%), mostly due to the presence of parasitic flies and chalcid wasps in many nests. Adult females were larger than males in body mass and head width but did not differ in emergence time. Both male and female wasps could be found within single brood chambers, though the population was male-biased (2.4:1) and individual nests strongly favored one sex. In general, pupal cases closest to the nest entrance within a chamber were smaller than those found furthest away, suggesting size-related fitness impacts for offspring based on the order of egg laying.
{"title":"Nest Architecture, Prey, and Body Size in the Grass-Carrying Wasp, Isodontia auripes, at two sites in New York (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)","authors":"M. Barrett, Annette K. Kang, Angelina Gomez, Devneet Kainth, S. O’Donnell","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Isodontia auripes [Fernald] females nested in fourteen 12-mm diameter artificial trap nests at two locations in New York State (Geneseo and Rensselaerville). We report broods of up to 14 pupae in a single chamber with an average of 5.8 pupae per chamber (previously reported range 2 - 6 pupae/chamber). Nest architecture, with plugs of finely shredded, packed grass and coarse, wound grass stems, was similar to other reports of I. auripes nests, except that only one nest contained a grass partition on the back wall of the chamber (in a case where mud-nesting wasps had preceded I. auripes). All prey items that could be identified to species were either the non-native drumming katydid, Meconema thalassinum [DeGeer], or the narrow-winged tree cricket, Oecanthus niveus [DeGeer]; M. thalassinum accounted for 71% of identified prey and is a new prey record for this wasp. Nests contained an estimated average of 11 prey per pupa, with a strongly female-biased prey sex ratio. The 116 collected pupae suffered from high pre-emergence mortality (65.5%), mostly due to the presence of parasitic flies and chalcid wasps in many nests. Adult females were larger than males in body mass and head width but did not differ in emergence time. Both male and female wasps could be found within single brood chambers, though the population was male-biased (2.4:1) and individual nests strongly favored one sex. In general, pupal cases closest to the nest entrance within a chamber were smaller than those found furthest away, suggesting size-related fitness impacts for offspring based on the order of egg laying.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49305792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.183
I. Pearse, Courtney J. Duchardt, Lillian Legg, Lauren M. Porensky
Abstract: Grasshoppers are major consumers of plant biomass in grassland and shrubland ecosystems. While often considered generalists, grasshopper species have differing habitat preferences and interactions with other consumers in grasslands. There are conflicting accounts of how prairie dog colonies and differences in vegetation impact grasshopper abundance and composition. We conducted a landscape-scale survey of grasshopper communities, plant communities, and prairie dogs in a grassland/shrubland ecosystem in eastern Wyoming. Over the study landscape, spurthroat grasshoppers (Melanoplinae) were associated with lower sagebrush cover and lower cover of C3 perennial graminoids, bandwing grasshoppers (Oedipodinae) were associated with low-lying areas with a high cover of C4 grasses and a low cover of cheatgrass, and slantface grasshoppers (Gomphocerinae) were associated with low vegetation height. Prairie dogs, presumably because of their effects on vegetation, had different impacts on different groups of grasshoppers. Melanoplinae grasshoppers, the Wyoming toothpick grasshopper (Paropomala wyomingensis Thomas), and grasshoppers with early-season phenology were associated with prairie dog colonies. However, because some species of grasshoppers were positively and others negatively associated with prairie dogs, the net effect of prairie dogs on total grasshopper biomass was neutral. Thus, to determine the role of grasshoppers in prairie ecosystems, it will be important to determine whether there is functional equivalence of grasshopper species in consuming plant biomass and as food for vertebrates.
{"title":"Grasshopper Species Composition Differs Between Prairie Dog Colonies and Undisturbed Sites in a Sagebrush Grassland","authors":"I. Pearse, Courtney J. Duchardt, Lillian Legg, Lauren M. Porensky","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-94.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Grasshoppers are major consumers of plant biomass in grassland and shrubland ecosystems. While often considered generalists, grasshopper species have differing habitat preferences and interactions with other consumers in grasslands. There are conflicting accounts of how prairie dog colonies and differences in vegetation impact grasshopper abundance and composition. We conducted a landscape-scale survey of grasshopper communities, plant communities, and prairie dogs in a grassland/shrubland ecosystem in eastern Wyoming. Over the study landscape, spurthroat grasshoppers (Melanoplinae) were associated with lower sagebrush cover and lower cover of C3 perennial graminoids, bandwing grasshoppers (Oedipodinae) were associated with low-lying areas with a high cover of C4 grasses and a low cover of cheatgrass, and slantface grasshoppers (Gomphocerinae) were associated with low vegetation height. Prairie dogs, presumably because of their effects on vegetation, had different impacts on different groups of grasshoppers. Melanoplinae grasshoppers, the Wyoming toothpick grasshopper (Paropomala wyomingensis Thomas), and grasshoppers with early-season phenology were associated with prairie dog colonies. However, because some species of grasshoppers were positively and others negatively associated with prairie dogs, the net effect of prairie dogs on total grasshopper biomass was neutral. Thus, to determine the role of grasshoppers in prairie ecosystems, it will be important to determine whether there is functional equivalence of grasshopper species in consuming plant biomass and as food for vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42520167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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