Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400
F. Drummond, William R. Aman, J. Collins
ABSTRACT: Despite the tenebrionid genus Blapstinus being species rich with 91 described species in North America, individual beetles are not commonly observed. We collected Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) in Maine wild blueberry fields in 2012 and in a Massachusetts wooded residential property in 2017. This species has the largest geographic range of all the Blapstinus species reported in North America. Our paper reports on the death feigning behavior of B. metallicus and provides a review of the literature on this little studied group of beetles.
{"title":"An Uncommon Beetle, Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Found in Maine Wild Blueberry Fields","authors":"F. Drummond, William R. Aman, J. Collins","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: \u0000 Despite the tenebrionid genus Blapstinus being species rich with 91 described species in North America, individual beetles are not commonly observed. We collected Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) in Maine wild blueberry fields in 2012 and in a Massachusetts wooded residential property in 2017. This species has the largest geographic range of all the Blapstinus species reported in North America. Our paper reports on the death feigning behavior of B. metallicus and provides a review of the literature on this little studied group of beetles.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"400 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42879915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.390
R. Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Eshrati, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian, A. Jamshidnia
ABSTRACT: In this research, the effects of essential oils isolated from four ecotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Northern-Khorasan (NS), Fars (FS), Kerman (KK), and Kerman (KR) were evaluated on the 4th instar larvae of pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer. The essential oils were extracted from seeds and the chemical composition was assessed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Cuminaldehyde (43.599-55.939%), γ-terpinene (13.134-21.750%), m-cymene (8.349-16.935%), ß-pinene (6.320-14.130%), and α-phellandrene (2.137-4.742%) were the main components of the essential oils. Four types of blood cells: prohaemocytes, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, and oenocytoid were identified in the haemolymph of the 4th instar larvae of S. cretica. The decreasing haemocyte counts were found to be significant in the different ecotypes of C. cyminum essential oil. The utilized concentrations and specified times had significant effects on the reductions of the mentioned cell numbers. The fewest number of cells for all ecotypes was measured after 48 h. The highest decline in the total haemocyte count was related to the concentration of 8000 ppm in NS ecotype. The lowest LC50 value was observed in KR ecotype. Based on the results of the present study, the essential oils isolated from the different ecotypes of C. cyminum showed to be promising candidates for S. cretica management.
{"title":"The Effects of the Essential Oils Isolated from Four Ecotypes of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) on the Blood Cells of the Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia cretica Ledere (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"R. Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Eshrati, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian, A. Jamshidnia","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In this research, the effects of essential oils isolated from four ecotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Northern-Khorasan (NS), Fars (FS), Kerman (KK), and Kerman (KR) were evaluated on the 4th instar larvae of pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer. The essential oils were extracted from seeds and the chemical composition was assessed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Cuminaldehyde (43.599-55.939%), γ-terpinene (13.134-21.750%), m-cymene (8.349-16.935%), ß-pinene (6.320-14.130%), and α-phellandrene (2.137-4.742%) were the main components of the essential oils. Four types of blood cells: prohaemocytes, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, and oenocytoid were identified in the haemolymph of the 4th instar larvae of S. cretica. The decreasing haemocyte counts were found to be significant in the different ecotypes of C. cyminum essential oil. The utilized concentrations and specified times had significant effects on the reductions of the mentioned cell numbers. The fewest number of cells for all ecotypes was measured after 48 h. The highest decline in the total haemocyte count was related to the concentration of 8000 ppm in NS ecotype. The lowest LC50 value was observed in KR ecotype. Based on the results of the present study, the essential oils isolated from the different ecotypes of C. cyminum showed to be promising candidates for S. cretica management.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"390 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.348
{"title":"Appendix III. List of installed plant types and weeds visited by each bee species recorded on crop flowers (Table 2)","authors":"","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49092230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.310
G. Frankie, Jaime C. Pawelek, S. Guerrero, R. Thorp, M. Rizzardi, M. Chase, C. Jadallah, Allan H. Smith-Pardo, Andrew J. Lyons, I. Feng, S. Witt
In 2009 the USDA-NRCS asked the Urban Bee Lab at the University of California, Berkeley if urban bee-flower knowledge could be used to attract native bees to farms in Brentwood, Contra Costa Co. in Northern California. The overarching question was, could native bees play a role in supplementing honey bees by providing pollination services for crop flowers? If so, how many native bee species were visiting farms and how frequently did they occur?Eight small farms (4-60 ha) were selected to investigate this question; four were control and four were treatment farms where bee habitat gardens were constructed. Habitat gardens were stocked with native and non-native ornamental plants known to attract native bees (and honey bees).Bees were monitored yearly in spring at each farm from 2010-2016 to evaluate species richness and abundance, which yielded several findings:I. Farms near urban areas and a creek were consistently more attractive to diverse and abundant bee speciesII. Inconsistent bee garden maintenance and major changes in farm operations in other farms resulted in consistently lower measurements of bee richness and abundanceIII. Over the seven-year monitoring period, 144 bee species were recorded among all farmsIV. Nearby urban areas had most of the same species as the agricultural areas, suggesting a relationship of bees moving between two areasV. A total of 23 diverse native bee species were recorded from apple, berry, and cherry flowers, and many of them in substantial numbers, indicating that native bees were providing pollination servicesFinally, maintaining frequent professional contact with growers was considered crucial in conducting research over the long term. These contacts were also critical in designing outreach packages to growers who expressed interest in applying our native bee findings to their farming operations.
{"title":"Survey of Native and Honey Bees from Agricultural Brentwood and their Constructed Bee Gardens in Northern California, 2010-2018","authors":"G. Frankie, Jaime C. Pawelek, S. Guerrero, R. Thorp, M. Rizzardi, M. Chase, C. Jadallah, Allan H. Smith-Pardo, Andrew J. Lyons, I. Feng, S. Witt","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.310","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009 the USDA-NRCS asked the Urban Bee Lab at the University of California, Berkeley if urban bee-flower knowledge could be used to attract native bees to farms in Brentwood, Contra Costa Co. in Northern California. The overarching question was, could native bees play a role in supplementing honey bees by providing pollination services for crop flowers? If so, how many native bee species were visiting farms and how frequently did they occur?Eight small farms (4-60 ha) were selected to investigate this question; four were control and four were treatment farms where bee habitat gardens were constructed. Habitat gardens were stocked with native and non-native ornamental plants known to attract native bees (and honey bees).Bees were monitored yearly in spring at each farm from 2010-2016 to evaluate species richness and abundance, which yielded several findings:I. Farms near urban areas and a creek were consistently more attractive to diverse and abundant bee speciesII. Inconsistent bee garden maintenance and major changes in farm operations in other farms resulted in consistently lower measurements of bee richness and abundanceIII. Over the seven-year monitoring period, 144 bee species were recorded among all farmsIV. Nearby urban areas had most of the same species as the agricultural areas, suggesting a relationship of bees moving between two areasV. A total of 23 diverse native bee species were recorded from apple, berry, and cherry flowers, and many of them in substantial numbers, indicating that native bees were providing pollination servicesFinally, maintaining frequent professional contact with growers was considered crucial in conducting research over the long term. These contacts were also critical in designing outreach packages to growers who expressed interest in applying our native bee findings to their farming operations.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.332
{"title":"Appendix I Installed Bee Plants (52 types) at Brentwood Farms 2012-2014","authors":"","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.255
Angela Begosh, L. Overall, Loren M. Smith, S. Mcmurry
The economic value of insect pollination to the world economy is tremendous, and pollination service is critical for our food supply and persistence of native plants. Little data are currently available on pollinator occurrence in the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas. Past studies on hybrid cottonseed production in the region documented high abundance of six species of Agapostemon and lower abundance of Diadasia spp., Melissodes spp., and Perdita spp. Historical records indicated the presence of Bombus fraternus and B. pensylvanicus which now have Endangered and Vulnerable IUCN status respectively. In 2013 and 2014, we used blue vane traps and targeted netting to collect insect pollinators and anthophiles on the three dominant land uses in the region; cropland, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and native grasslands. With capture methods combined, we collected 74,215 insect specimens; 63% of the specimens were Hymenoptera (289 taxa), 28.61% were Coleoptera (150 taxa), 4.48% were Diptera (115 taxa), 2.34% were Lepidoptera (60 taxa), and 1.61% were of other orders (15 taxa). Our capture included all previously documented bee genera, but we did not detect B. fraternus. Studies support that blue vane traps are an effective method of trapping bees and our results demonstrated that they are also effective in attracting some families of anthophilous Coleoptera and Diptera. However, we captured several species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera with aerial nets that we did not capture in blue vane traps. This study documents pollinator and anthophile species present in a highly altered landscape and is the most comprehensive list of pollinators and anthophiles in this region to date.
{"title":"A Survey of the Insects of the Southern High Plains (Llano Estacado) of Texas, with Particular Reference to Pollinators and Other Anthophiles","authors":"Angela Begosh, L. Overall, Loren M. Smith, S. Mcmurry","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.255","url":null,"abstract":"The economic value of insect pollination to the world economy is tremendous, and pollination service is critical for our food supply and persistence of native plants. Little data are currently available on pollinator occurrence in the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas. Past studies on hybrid cottonseed production in the region documented high abundance of six species of Agapostemon and lower abundance of Diadasia spp., Melissodes spp., and Perdita spp. Historical records indicated the presence of Bombus fraternus and B. pensylvanicus which now have Endangered and Vulnerable IUCN status respectively. In 2013 and 2014, we used blue vane traps and targeted netting to collect insect pollinators and anthophiles on the three dominant land uses in the region; cropland, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and native grasslands. With capture methods combined, we collected 74,215 insect specimens; 63% of the specimens were Hymenoptera (289 taxa), 28.61% were Coleoptera (150 taxa), 4.48% were Diptera (115 taxa), 2.34% were Lepidoptera (60 taxa), and 1.61% were of other orders (15 taxa). Our capture included all previously documented bee genera, but we did not detect B. fraternus. Studies support that blue vane traps are an effective method of trapping bees and our results demonstrated that they are also effective in attracting some families of anthophilous Coleoptera and Diptera. However, we captured several species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera with aerial nets that we did not capture in blue vane traps. This study documents pollinator and anthophile species present in a highly altered landscape and is the most comprehensive list of pollinators and anthophiles in this region to date.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47837212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.337
{"title":"Appendix II. Distribution of bee species among eight Brentwood Farms, 2010-2016","authors":"","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.4.337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.248
Ji-Hye Song, Nuri Lee, Y. Ko, Eun-Ryeong Lee, Kisang Kwon, Ji-Young Choi, O. Kwon
We conducted a series of experiments to determine how ZIP (Zip7, Zip10 and Zip13) and ZnT (ZnT1, ZnT2 and ZnT7) genes are regulated by over-supply and depletion of zinc in different body tissues. Each tissue showed a specific pattern rather than a unified pattern for zinc changes. The resulting data provide an important clue to solve the following problem: How do ZnT and ZIP genes efficiently maintain zinc homeostasis in response to zinc changes at an individual level rather than a single cell?
{"title":"Zinc Regulates the Expression of Genes Encoding ZIP and ZnT Transporters in the Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"Ji-Hye Song, Nuri Lee, Y. Ko, Eun-Ryeong Lee, Kisang Kwon, Ji-Young Choi, O. Kwon","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.248","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a series of experiments to determine how ZIP (Zip7, Zip10 and Zip13) and ZnT (ZnT1, ZnT2 and ZnT7) genes are regulated by over-supply and depletion of zinc in different body tissues. Each tissue showed a specific pattern rather than a unified pattern for zinc changes. The resulting data provide an important clue to solve the following problem: How do ZnT and ZIP genes efficiently maintain zinc homeostasis in response to zinc changes at an individual level rather than a single cell?","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.209
B. Kard, C. Konemann, K. T. Shelton, C. Luper, M. Payton
Advection of two liquid termiticides was determined within two different building foundation aggregate fills, ODOT Base Type-A Gravel and Class A-#57 Crushed Rock, after over-the-surface applications. Residues within each aggregate were sampled as two composite soil cores taken in two 5.1-cm incremental partitions to a depth of 10.2-cm after 24 hours, and at 6 and 12 months post-application. Half the test plots were compacted and half remained not compacted. Advection was significantly influenced by aggregate type. Residues within compacted compared with not-compacted aggregates were similar for individual termiti-cides. Some termiticide dispersed completely through the aggregates to reach the soil beneath. Advection resulted in decreasing a.i. concentrations as depth increased within ODOT Base Type-A Gravel fill, with the greatest concentration located in the top 5.1-cm partition, likely due to the fine particle component, with almost no termiticide reaching underlying soil. In contrast, termiticides were more evenly distributed within Class A-#57 Crushed Rock fill, as residue amounts were similar throughout the 10.2-cm depth, with some reaching underlying soil.
{"title":"Advection of Liquid Termiticides within Building Foundation Aggregate Fill","authors":"B. Kard, C. Konemann, K. T. Shelton, C. Luper, M. Payton","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.209","url":null,"abstract":"Advection of two liquid termiticides was determined within two different building foundation aggregate fills, ODOT Base Type-A Gravel and Class A-#57 Crushed Rock, after over-the-surface applications. Residues within each aggregate were sampled as two composite soil cores taken in two 5.1-cm incremental partitions to a depth of 10.2-cm after 24 hours, and at 6 and 12 months post-application. Half the test plots were compacted and half remained not compacted. Advection was significantly influenced by aggregate type. Residues within compacted compared with not-compacted aggregates were similar for individual termiti-cides. Some termiticide dispersed completely through the aggregates to reach the soil beneath. Advection resulted in decreasing a.i. concentrations as depth increased within ODOT Base Type-A Gravel fill, with the greatest concentration located in the top 5.1-cm partition, likely due to the fine particle component, with almost no termiticide reaching underlying soil. In contrast, termiticides were more evenly distributed within Class A-#57 Crushed Rock fill, as residue amounts were similar throughout the 10.2-cm depth, with some reaching underlying soil.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-18DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.223
Jianhua Lü, Yulong Kang, Mingfei Huo
The influence of packaging materials on infestation by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat flour was investigated under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 2and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. The tested packaging materials included vacuum-sealed plastic bags, aluminum foil bags, non-woven cloth bags, kraft paper bags, and plastic compound bags. When T. castaneum adults were released on packaged wheat flour, the degree of infestation varied depending on the packaging materials. The highest infestation was observed in refined wheat flour packaged with plastic compound bags (mean 46 ± 20 insects). For the flour packaged with non-woven cloth bag and kraft paper bags exposed to adults, insect infestation was nil or negligible (mean population < 3 ± 1 insects). For the flour packaged with aluminum foil bags and vacuum-sealed plastic bags exposed to adults, insect infestation was nil. Damage to the packaging materials along the edges or on the upper surfaces was observed in non-woven cloth bags and plastic compound bags. Aluminum foil bags and vacuum-sealed plastic bags offered the best protection against T. castaneum adults.
{"title":"Influence of Packaging Materials on Infestation by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in Wheat Flour","authors":"Jianhua Lü, Yulong Kang, Mingfei Huo","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.3.223","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of packaging materials on infestation by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat flour was investigated under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 2and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. The tested packaging materials included vacuum-sealed plastic bags, aluminum foil bags, non-woven cloth bags, kraft paper bags, and plastic compound bags. When T. castaneum adults were released on packaged wheat flour, the degree of infestation varied depending on the packaging materials. The highest infestation was observed in refined wheat flour packaged with plastic compound bags (mean 46 ± 20 insects). For the flour packaged with non-woven cloth bag and kraft paper bags exposed to adults, insect infestation was nil or negligible (mean population < 3 ± 1 insects). For the flour packaged with aluminum foil bags and vacuum-sealed plastic bags exposed to adults, insect infestation was nil. Damage to the packaging materials along the edges or on the upper surfaces was observed in non-woven cloth bags and plastic compound bags. Aluminum foil bags and vacuum-sealed plastic bags offered the best protection against T. castaneum adults.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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