Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i2.11801
C. M. Kalansuriya, R.M. Weerasingha, D.C. Jayaratne, K.K.N. Darshana
This study was conducted to determine the existing noise levels and perform acoustic analysis on different toys in the Sri Lankan market. The study was carried out using international references, and the noise level descriptors LpAeq, LpCpeak, and LpAFmax were recorded during measurement. A total of 205 toys were selected, and 1986 measurements were taken for analysis. The study reveals that 59 (28.8%) of the 205 toys in different categories had noise levels that exceeded two parameters, and 35 (17.1%) exceeded one parameter, considering the LpAeq, LpCpeak, and LpAFmax parameter values as described in BS EN 71-1:2011+A3:2014 Safety of toys. Measurements indicate that cap firing, wind, and squeeze toys have higher noise levels than international standards (reference values for cap firing: 125 dB, squeeze and cap firing: 110 dB). The study clearly indicates that when measuring noise levels in the frequency range compared to our normal reference hearing range (150 Hz to 5 kHz), it may affect the hearing levels. The study demonstrates the necessity for awareness, warning signs, and enforcing toy acoustic standards and regulations to improve the situation in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Determination of noise level and acoustic analysis of toys for children in Sri Lanka market","authors":"C. M. Kalansuriya, R.M. Weerasingha, D.C. Jayaratne, K.K.N. Darshana","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i2.11801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i2.11801","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the existing noise levels and perform acoustic analysis on different toys in the Sri Lankan market. The study was carried out using international references, and the noise level descriptors LpAeq, LpCpeak, and LpAFmax were recorded during measurement. A total of 205 toys were selected, and 1986 measurements were taken for analysis. The study reveals that 59 (28.8%) of the 205 toys in different categories had noise levels that exceeded two parameters, and 35 (17.1%) exceeded one parameter, considering the LpAeq, LpCpeak, and LpAFmax parameter values as described in BS EN 71-1:2011+A3:2014 Safety of toys. Measurements indicate that cap firing, wind, and squeeze toys have higher noise levels than international standards (reference values for cap firing: 125 dB, squeeze and cap firing: 110 dB). The study clearly indicates that when measuring noise levels in the frequency range compared to our normal reference hearing range (150 Hz to 5 kHz), it may affect the hearing levels. The study demonstrates the necessity for awareness, warning signs, and enforcing toy acoustic standards and regulations to improve the situation in Sri Lanka. ","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11403
Y. Wang, D. Vidurapriya, X. Qin, S. Thilakasiri
Numerous studies focus on investigating organic soils with high organic content. However, only a limited amount of literature discusses the properties and behaviour of low organic content soils. Sri Lankan organic soil is an excellent example of a low organic content soil, demonstrating different behaviour from highly organic fibrous soil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Sri Lankan organic soil were studied to determine the reasons for these observed variations. Sri Lankan organic soils were observed to consist of highly decomposed organic matter in an amorphous state with higher proportions of mineral matter. The microstructure characteristics observed through SEM images mostly explained the variation of properties and behaviour of the Sri Lankan organic soil in contrast to highly organic fibrous soil. Correlations were also derived between properties of Sri Lankan organic soil and compared with similar relationships derived from other geological conditions. While some correlations derived in this study closely follow the relationships for other organic soils with similar microstructure characteristics, the acidity of the deposit resulted in different behaviour of a few correlations. This study improves the current knowledge of the effect of microstructure characteristics on the properties and behaviour of Sri Lankan low-organic clayey soils, which otherwise primarily depend on theories for highly organic peaty soils. Furthermore, the correlations derived and validated for low organic soils can be utilized in any organic clay deposit with similar microstructure characteristics.
{"title":"The microstructure and the behaviour of low organic clayey soils in Sri Lanka","authors":"Y. Wang, D. Vidurapriya, X. Qin, S. Thilakasiri","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11403","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies focus on investigating organic soils with high organic content. However, only a limited amount of literature discusses the properties and behaviour of low organic content soils. Sri Lankan organic soil is an excellent example of a low organic content soil, demonstrating different behaviour from highly organic fibrous soil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Sri Lankan organic soil were studied to determine the reasons for these observed variations. Sri Lankan organic soils were observed to consist of highly decomposed organic matter in an amorphous state with higher proportions of mineral matter. The microstructure characteristics observed through SEM images mostly explained the variation of properties and behaviour of the Sri Lankan organic soil in contrast to highly organic fibrous soil. Correlations were also derived between properties of Sri Lankan organic soil and compared with similar relationships derived from other geological conditions. While some correlations derived in this study closely follow the relationships for other organic soils with similar microstructure characteristics, the acidity of the deposit resulted in different behaviour of a few correlations. This study improves the current knowledge of the effect of microstructure characteristics on the properties and behaviour of Sri Lankan low-organic clayey soils, which otherwise primarily depend on theories for highly organic peaty soils. Furthermore, the correlations derived and validated for low organic soils can be utilized in any organic clay deposit with similar microstructure characteristics.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12140
A. Abeysekera
The development of science and technology has enabled humans to carry out more or less effortlessly many activities which previously would have entailed much physical effort and expenditure of time. While this development enables people to enjoy more time for leisure, it has also encouraged a culture of physical laziness. The same trend appears in the intellectual field as well. Modern computers can in a few moments, carry out tasks which would have entailed an enormous amount of time and mental effort, earlier. Again, this saving of time enables one to focus on the more creative and insightful activities that are specific to human beings. However, the culture of laziness is widespread. It would appear that there is at the present time, a tendency to even attempt to transfer creative intellectual efforts to machines, through the use of generative AI. The writing up of a good piece of research for publication is one of the creative and enjoyable activities afforded to a scientist. While the use of generative AI to obtain help in deciding the most effective way of “saying what one has to say” can be considered acceptable in situations where the writer’s language skills are not well developed, to attempt to use generative AI to decide on the content of the paper, “what to say”, is to attribute to generative AI an ability it does not have. Recently, scientists and sociologists have written about the deficiencies and dangers of this approach to creating knowledge and understanding. To be meaningful, any generative AI output needs to be moderated and evaluated by human intelligence.
{"title":"The culture of laziness","authors":"A. Abeysekera","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12140","url":null,"abstract":"The development of science and technology has enabled humans to carry out more or less effortlessly many activities which previously would have entailed much physical effort and expenditure of time. While this development enables people to enjoy more time for leisure, it has also encouraged a culture of physical laziness.\u0000The same trend appears in the intellectual field as well. Modern computers can in a few moments, carry out tasks which would have entailed an enormous amount of time and mental effort, earlier. Again, this saving of time enables one to focus on the more creative and insightful activities that are specific to human beings.\u0000However, the culture of laziness is widespread. It would appear that there is at the present time, a tendency to even attempt to transfer creative intellectual efforts to machines, through the use of generative AI. The writing up of a good piece of research for publication is one of the creative and enjoyable activities afforded to a scientist. While the use of generative AI to obtain help in deciding the most effective way of “saying what one has to say” can be considered acceptable in situations where the writer’s language skills are not well developed, to attempt to use generative AI to decide on the content of the paper, “what to say”, is to attribute to generative AI an ability it does not have.\u0000Recently, scientists and sociologists have written about the deficiencies and dangers of this approach to creating knowledge and understanding. To be meaningful, any generative AI output needs to be moderated and evaluated by human intelligence.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11360
Rasheeda Bashir, K. Yousaf, Zernish Shabbir, Syed Mohsin Raza, Saiqa Ilyas, Rukhama Haq
The aim of the present study was to check the frequency of genetic variants in exons 8, 11, 13, and 17 of the WDR36 gene among primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients from Punjab, Pakistan, and to perform the in silico analysis of identified variants on protein function. Ninety-two individuals affected with primary open angle glaucoma were enrolled for this study. The clinical investigation involved the examination of the optic nerve head, visual field loss and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Selected exons (8, 11, 13, and 17) of the WDR36 gene was screened by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing results revealed a previously reported missense mutation p.D658G in exon 17 in two out of ninety-two POAG patients, while no mutation has been identified in the exons 8, 11, and 13. To predict the structural and functional effect of the p.D658G variant, SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, mutation taster, I-mutant 3.0, and MuPRO were used. The MODELLER-CABS based hybrid approach was used for protein structure modelling. In silico analysis predicted the p.D658G variant to be deleterious, and it may affect the stability of protein and protein-protein interaction. The findings of this study suggested that the genetic variant p.D658G of the WDR36 gene is a rare genetic cause of POAG in Pakistani patients. The in silico tools predicted the variant p.D658G to be deleterious; however the modelled normal and mutant structure showed no effect on protein structure and function. To further confirm the pathogenic effect of this SNP, in vivo experiments, X-ray Crystallography of the WDR36 protein and population-based studies are needed.
{"title":"Prevalence and in silico analysis of p.D658G variant of WDR36 gene in patients affected with primary open angle glaucoma from Punjab Pakistan","authors":"Rasheeda Bashir, K. Yousaf, Zernish Shabbir, Syed Mohsin Raza, Saiqa Ilyas, Rukhama Haq","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11360","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to check the frequency of genetic variants in exons 8, 11, 13, and 17 of the WDR36 gene among primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients from Punjab, Pakistan, and to perform the in silico analysis of identified variants on protein function. Ninety-two individuals affected with primary open angle glaucoma were enrolled for this study. The clinical investigation involved the examination of the optic nerve head, visual field loss and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Selected exons (8, 11, 13, and 17) of the WDR36 gene was screened by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing results revealed a previously reported missense mutation p.D658G in exon 17 in two out of ninety-two POAG patients, while no mutation has been identified in the exons 8, 11, and 13. To predict the structural and functional effect of the p.D658G variant, SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, mutation taster, I-mutant 3.0, and MuPRO were used. The MODELLER-CABS based hybrid approach was used for protein structure modelling. In silico analysis predicted the p.D658G variant to be deleterious, and it may affect the stability of protein and protein-protein interaction. The findings of this study suggested that the genetic variant p.D658G of the WDR36 gene is a rare genetic cause of POAG in Pakistani patients. The in silico tools predicted the variant p.D658G to be deleterious; however the modelled normal and mutant structure showed no effect on protein structure and function. To further confirm the pathogenic effect of this SNP, in vivo experiments, X-ray Crystallography of the WDR36 protein and population-based studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11227
A. Zaka, R. Jabeen, Hassan M. Aljohani, Amirah Saeed Alharthi
The reflected power function distribution (RPFD) has increasing importance in practical life due to its application in diversified fields of life. Organisations often face difficulty monitoring operations to identify and remove errors during production. That is why there is a need to introduce control charts that effectively monitor the processes, mainly when the number of errors follows RPFD and the manufacturing process is in control. The current study suggested memory-based control charts as a solution to the problem. The control charts are based on the estimation methods and play a remarkable role in enhancing the machine process reliability. The parameters of RPFD are evaluated through the percentile estimator (PE) and modified maximum likelihood estimator methods (MMLM). Further, we create memory-based control charts, i.e., hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) and extended exponentially weighted moving average (EEWMA), using the PE and MMLM. The findings reflect that HEWMA control charts based on PE provide a better result in estimating the defects. The implications of the study will be helpful for practitioners and policy makers from reliability engineering, management sciences, and statisticians.
反射功率函数分布（RPFD）因其在生活各领域的应用而在实际生活中越来越重要。在生产过程中，企业往往难以监控操作以识别和消除错误。因此，有必要引入能有效监控流程的控制图，主要是当错误数量遵循 RPFD 且生产流程处于受控状态时。本研究建议采用基于记忆的控制图来解决这一问题。控制图以估算方法为基础，在提高机器过程可靠性方面发挥了显著作用。RPFD 的参数通过百分位数估计法（PE）和修正的最大似然估计法（MMLM）进行评估。此外，我们还利用百分位估计法和修正最大似然估计法创建了基于记忆的控制图，即混合指数加权移动平均（HEWMA）和扩展指数加权移动平均（EEWMA）。研究结果表明，基于 PE 的 HEWMA 控制图能更好地估计缺陷。这项研究的意义将有助于可靠性工程、管理科学和统计领域的从业人员和决策者。
{"title":"The modified control charts for monitoring the error detection of process control under different estimators ","authors":"A. Zaka, R. Jabeen, Hassan M. Aljohani, Amirah Saeed Alharthi","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11227","url":null,"abstract":"The reflected power function distribution (RPFD) has increasing importance in practical life due to its application in diversified fields of life. Organisations often face difficulty monitoring operations to identify and remove errors during production. That is why there is a need to introduce control charts that effectively monitor the processes, mainly when the number of errors follows RPFD and the manufacturing process is in control. The current study suggested memory-based control charts as a solution to the problem. The control charts are based on the estimation methods and play a remarkable role in enhancing the machine process reliability. The parameters of RPFD are evaluated through the percentile estimator (PE) and modified maximum likelihood estimator methods (MMLM). Further, we create memory-based control charts, i.e., hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) and extended exponentially weighted moving average (EEWMA), using the PE and MMLM. The findings reflect that HEWMA control charts based on PE provide a better result in estimating the defects. The implications of the study will be helpful for practitioners and policy makers from reliability engineering, management sciences, and statisticians.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11652
H. Khan, U. Aziz, Z.U. Koreshi, S.R. Sheikh
In multiplying systems, such as nuclear reactors and criticality experiments, it is desirable to place the fissile material in the optimal or ‘best’ way to reduce the critical mass of the system as well as to achieve uniform fuel burnup. This paper considers two methods, namely Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP) and Monte Carlo (MC) perturbation for estimating a minimum critical mass configuration. These methods are applied to an elementary multizone model of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and a criticality experiment to estimate the minimum critical mass. It is found that while two-group diffusion theory with PMP predicts a minimum critical mass, more detailed MC simulations with MCNP5 show a consistent reduction in critical mass when fissile fuel is placed in inner zones. Such a distribution reduces the fissile material requirement but is undesirable due to the higher power peaking. MC simulations show that for a three-zone model of the KORI 1 PWR, a uniform fissile distribution gives criticality for 1.09 atomic percent (at.%) enrichment, whereas non-uniform fissile distribution (0.6, 1.6, 0.6 at.%) reduces the critical mass by 14%. The changes found from MC simulations were subsequently predicted from first- and second-order derivative sampling. It was found that substantial computational savings can be achieved for large-scale optimization problems. In the case of a criticality experiment, MC derivative sampling was also used to estimate optimal fissile distribution for minimizing the critical mass.
在核反应堆和临界实验等倍增系统中，最好以最佳或 "最佳 "方式放置裂变材料，以降低系统的临界质量，并实现均匀的燃料燃烧。本文考虑了两种方法，即庞特里亚金最大原则（PMP）和蒙特卡洛（MC）扰动，用于估算最小临界质量配置。这些方法被应用于压水堆（PWR）的基本多区模型和临界实验，以估计最小临界质量。结果发现，虽然使用 PMP 的两组扩散理论预测了最小临界质量，但使用 MCNP5 进行的更详细的 MC 模拟显示，当裂变燃料置于内区时，临界质量会持续降低。这种分布减少了裂变材料的需求，但由于功率峰值较高，因此并不可取。MC 模拟显示，对于 KORI 1 号压水堆的三区模型，均匀的裂变分布使 1.09 原子百分率（at.%）的富集度达到临界，而非均匀的裂变分布（0.6、1.6、0.6 at.%）则使临界质量降低了 14%。随后，通过一阶和二阶导数采样对 MC 模拟发现的变化进行了预测。结果发现，大规模优化问题可以节省大量计算量。在临界实验中，MC 导数采样还被用于估计最佳裂变分布，以最大限度地降低临界质量。
{"title":"Optimal fissile distribution in multiplying systems: Illustrative examples with Monte Carlo simulation and Pontryagin’s maximum principle","authors":"H. Khan, U. Aziz, Z.U. Koreshi, S.R. Sheikh","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11652","url":null,"abstract":"In multiplying systems, such as nuclear reactors and criticality experiments, it is desirable to place the fissile material in the optimal or ‘best’ way to reduce the critical mass of the system as well as to achieve uniform fuel burnup. This paper considers two methods, namely Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP) and Monte Carlo (MC) perturbation for estimating a minimum critical mass configuration. These methods are applied to an elementary multizone model of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and a criticality experiment to estimate the minimum critical mass. It is found that while two-group diffusion theory with PMP predicts a minimum critical mass, more detailed MC simulations with MCNP5 show a consistent reduction in critical mass when fissile fuel is placed in inner zones. Such a distribution reduces the fissile material requirement but is undesirable due to the higher power peaking. MC simulations show that for a three-zone model of the KORI 1 PWR, a uniform fissile distribution gives criticality for 1.09 atomic percent (at.%) enrichment, whereas non-uniform fissile distribution (0.6, 1.6, 0.6 at.%) reduces the critical mass by 14%. The changes found from MC simulations were subsequently predicted from first- and second-order derivative sampling. It was found that substantial computational savings can be achieved for large-scale optimization problems. In the case of a criticality experiment, MC derivative sampling was also used to estimate optimal fissile distribution for minimizing the critical mass. ","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11649
H. Shyamalee, A. Ranawake
Accessions of traditional rice play a crucial role in preserving the genetic diversity of commercial rice. They contain specific and useful traits that can help to improve the overall yield, which cannot be achieved by relying solely on improved rice varieties. This is because traditional rice accessions display a wide range of morphological characteristics that contribute to their unique yield determinants. Fifty traditional and forty-five improved rice genotypes were evaluated for thirteen agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of grains per panicle, filled grain percentage, 100-grain weight at maturity, grain length, and grain width) to understand the yield determination of traditional and improved rice genotypes. Path analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS AMOS statistical software to understand the difference in the direct and indirect effect of the studied parameters. The direct effect of effective tillers per plant (β = 0.519), filled grain percentage (β = 0.496), and hundred-seed weight (β = 0.403) on grain yield was high in improved rice varieties. In traditional rice accessions, the direct effect of effective tillers per plant (β = 0.746) and filled grain percentage (β = 0.395) on grain yield was high, but there was no direct effect of hundred seed weight. Filled grains per panicle recorded a moderate effect in both traditional (β =0.246) and improved (β = 0.266) rice genotypes. None of the studied parameters directly and negatively affected the yield of improved rice varieties. Still, several traits (flag leaf length, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, seed length, and seed width) negatively affected the yield of traditional rice accessions. The contributions of yield determinants in traditional rice accessions deviated substantially from those observed in improved rice varieties, highlighting the critical role of plant architecture in determining the final yield. Fertile tiller number, filled grain percentage and grains per panicle are possible traits that can be used in direct selection criteria for improved and traditional rice genotypes for high yield.
{"title":"Path coefficient analysis using traditional and improved rice genotypes for trait effect on grain yield\u0000 ","authors":"H. Shyamalee, A. Ranawake","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11649","url":null,"abstract":"Accessions of traditional rice play a crucial role in preserving the genetic diversity of commercial rice. They contain specific and useful traits that can help to improve the overall yield, which cannot be achieved by relying solely on improved rice varieties. This is because traditional rice accessions display a wide range of morphological characteristics that contribute to their unique yield determinants. Fifty traditional and forty-five improved rice genotypes were evaluated for thirteen agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of grains per panicle, filled grain percentage, 100-grain weight at maturity, grain length, and grain width) to understand the yield determination of traditional and improved rice genotypes. Path analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS AMOS statistical software to understand the difference in the direct and indirect effect of the studied parameters. The direct effect of effective tillers per plant (β = 0.519), filled grain percentage (β = 0.496), and hundred-seed weight (β = 0.403) on grain yield was high in improved rice varieties. In traditional rice accessions, the direct effect of effective tillers per plant (β = 0.746) and filled grain percentage (β = 0.395) on grain yield was high, but there was no direct effect of hundred seed weight. Filled grains per panicle recorded a moderate effect in both traditional (β =0.246) and improved (β = 0.266) rice genotypes. None of the studied parameters directly and negatively affected the yield of improved rice varieties. Still, several traits (flag leaf length, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, seed length, and seed width) negatively affected the yield of traditional rice accessions. The contributions of yield determinants in traditional rice accessions deviated substantially from those observed in improved rice varieties, highlighting the critical role of plant architecture in determining the final yield. Fertile tiller number, filled grain percentage and grains per panicle are possible traits that can be used in direct selection criteria for improved and traditional rice genotypes for high yield.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12141
N. Krishnaram, J. Ahamed, N. Sathyamoorthy, K.D. Sandaruwan, A.M.K.B. Athapaththu
This study aims to address the scarcity of scientific research on badminton performance analysis, specifically the accuracy of forehand smash shots. The authors propose the use of a skeletal coordinates-based technology to analyze a badminton player’s biomechanics. To achieve this, specific techniques, such as formulating a quantitative description of badminton smash biomechanics based on the available literature, collecting video footage of badminton rallies and processing them using a MediaPipe-powered Python program, were followed. Three main approaches were considered for the analysis, defining a dynamic mathematical model, creating a player-to-player comparison model, and developing a machinelearning model. Preliminary results suggest that the use of three-dimensional points in comparison to two-dimensional points provides more accuracy in detecting the angle between three skeletal points from any camera perspective. This research also proposes a novel approach to compare two players and evaluate their skills based on a set of key parameters. The study explores the integration of machine learning algorithms to classify and predict player performance accurately. All three proposed methods enable coaches and players to identify and improve upon their weaknesses, enhancing their overall performance, as these findings have the potential to reduce subjectivity in measuring shot accuracy during training and to provide players with a more objective means of evaluating their performance. The proposed methodology and results contribute to a better understanding of badminton biomechanics and have implications for future research in this field.
{"title":"Skeletal point analysis to determine the accuracy of forehand smash shots played by badminton players","authors":"N. Krishnaram, J. Ahamed, N. Sathyamoorthy, K.D. Sandaruwan, A.M.K.B. Athapaththu","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12141","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to address the scarcity of scientific research on badminton performance analysis, specifically the accuracy of forehand smash shots. The authors propose the use of a skeletal coordinates-based technology to analyze a badminton player’s biomechanics. To achieve this, specific techniques, such as formulating a quantitative description of badminton smash biomechanics based on the available literature, collecting video footage of badminton rallies and processing them using a MediaPipe-powered Python program, were followed. Three main approaches were considered for the analysis, defining a dynamic mathematical model, creating a player-to-player comparison model, and developing a machinelearning model. Preliminary results suggest that the use of three-dimensional points in comparison to two-dimensional points provides more accuracy in detecting the angle between three skeletal points from any camera perspective. This research also proposes a novel approach to compare two players and evaluate their skills based on a set of key parameters. The study explores the integration of machine learning algorithms to classify and predict player performance accurately. All three proposed methods enable coaches and players to identify and improve upon their weaknesses, enhancing their overall performance, as these findings have the potential to reduce subjectivity in measuring shot accuracy during training and to provide players with a more objective means of evaluating their performance. The proposed methodology and results contribute to a better understanding of badminton biomechanics and have implications for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11086
M. Prathibhani, R. Azad, S. Ranaweera, L. Jayasekara, R.A.A.K. Ranawaka, G. Senanayake, S. Abeynayake, S. Geekiyanage
Sri Lankan cinnamon germplasm is an underexploited genetic resource of high breeding potential. A representative collection of a cultivated cinnamon germplasm with 48 accessions, is established at the University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. From that collection, 40 three-year-old vegetative-propagated accessions, were used in this study to study the variations in plant morphology and leaf oil composition. Flush colour was determined as four main categories of pink, red, brown, and green in all 48 accessions. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf length to width ratio and petiole length varied from 7.9 to 14.5 cm, 3.8 to 7.3 cm, 1.8 to 3.07 cm, and 1 to 2.2 cm, respectively, in the selected 40 accessions. Both the good fragrant aroma category of bark fragrance and the sweet pungent category of bark taste were recorded in 21 of the 40 accessions. Twenty (20) accessions from above collection were selected for leaf oil analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of leaf oil revealed the presence of 146 chemical compounds. Eugenol was the major compound of 17 accessions (52.2% to 79.5%). Two accessions with zero eugenol contained 86.8% and 91.9% of benzyl benzoate (BB), in contrast to that of 0%-0.65% from other accessions. One accession produced 16.6% eugenol and 22.3% BB. A green flush colour associated with a higher BB percentage suggested a potential morphological marker for BB. The PCA for 20 accessions explained 88.11% of total variance. The cinnamon accessions with high BB, KA11 and GB17, were clustered together, and HB12 was isolated on a different cluster. Positive correlations were detected between linalool and β-caryophyllene (0.649), linalool and BB (0.770) (p < 0.01), and negative correlations between eugenol and linalool (-0.630) and eugenol and BB (-0.886) (p <0.01).
{"title":"Variation in plant morphology and leaf essential oil composition of a representative Cinnamomum verum collection from Sri Lanka","authors":"M. Prathibhani, R. Azad, S. Ranaweera, L. Jayasekara, R.A.A.K. Ranawaka, G. Senanayake, S. Abeynayake, S. Geekiyanage","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11086","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lankan cinnamon germplasm is an underexploited genetic resource of high breeding potential. A representative collection of a cultivated cinnamon germplasm with 48 accessions, is established at the University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. From that collection, 40 three-year-old vegetative-propagated accessions, were used in this study to study the variations in plant morphology and leaf oil composition. Flush colour was determined as four main categories of pink, red, brown, and green in all 48 accessions. Leaf length, leaf width, leaf length to width ratio and petiole length varied from 7.9 to 14.5 cm, 3.8 to 7.3 cm, 1.8 to 3.07 cm, and 1 to 2.2 cm, respectively, in the selected 40 accessions. Both the good fragrant aroma category of bark fragrance and the sweet pungent category of bark taste were recorded in 21 of the 40 accessions. Twenty (20) accessions from above collection were selected for leaf oil analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of leaf oil revealed the presence of 146 chemical compounds. Eugenol was the major compound of 17 accessions (52.2% to 79.5%). Two accessions with zero eugenol contained 86.8% and 91.9% of benzyl benzoate (BB), in contrast to that of 0%-0.65% from other accessions. One accession produced 16.6% eugenol and 22.3% BB. A green flush colour associated with a higher BB percentage suggested a potential morphological marker for BB. The PCA for 20 accessions explained 88.11% of total variance. The cinnamon accessions with high BB, KA11 and GB17, were clustered together, and HB12 was isolated on a different cluster. Positive correlations were detected between linalool and β-caryophyllene (0.649), linalool and BB (0.770) (p < 0.01), and negative correlations between eugenol and linalool (-0.630) and eugenol and BB (-0.886) (p <0.01).","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buffaloes have great potential to be developed as one of the main dairy animals in Sri Lanka because of their higher adaptability to local conditions compared to European dairy cattle breeds. Processing dairy products such as curd, cheese, and yoghurt from buffalo milk has several advantages due to its greater quantities of total solids, solid-nonfat, and protein. However, milk composition and coagulation properties largely depend on the breed. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the milk composition of three major buffalo breeds in Sri Lanka. The milk of the Lanka buffalo contained 18.1% total solids, 10.7% solid non-fat (SNF), 7.5% fat, 4.9% protein, 4.9% lactose, and 0.9% minerals. The milk of the Murrah crossbreed contained 15.4% total solids, 10.1% SNF, 5.3% fat, 4.2% protein, 5.1% lactose, and 1.1% minerals. The milk of the Nili-Ravi crossbreed contained 16.6% total solids, 10.2% SNF, 6.4% fat, 4.1% protein, 4.9% lactose, and 1.1% minerals. The results indicate that milk composition varies among the breeds in which the milk of the Lanka buffalo has significantly higher amounts of total solids, SNF, and fat. Protein, lactose, and mineral contents do not vary signiticantly.
{"title":"A preliminary study on milk composition of three buffalo breeds located in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka","authors":"S.P. Gunathilake, D.A. Gayanjalee, D.A.S. Prathiraja, Prm Buddhika, W.A.D.V. Weerathilake, Dmd Rasika","doi":"10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.11750","url":null,"abstract":"Buffaloes have great potential to be developed as one of the main dairy animals in Sri Lanka because of their higher adaptability to local conditions compared to European dairy cattle breeds. Processing dairy products such as curd, cheese, and yoghurt from buffalo milk has several advantages due to its greater quantities of total solids, solid-nonfat, and protein. However, milk composition and coagulation properties largely depend on the breed. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the milk composition of three major buffalo breeds in Sri Lanka. The milk of the Lanka buffalo contained 18.1% total solids, 10.7% solid non-fat (SNF), 7.5% fat, 4.9% protein, 4.9% lactose, and 0.9% minerals. The milk of the Murrah crossbreed contained 15.4% total solids, 10.1% SNF, 5.3% fat, 4.2% protein, 5.1% lactose, and 1.1% minerals. The milk of the Nili-Ravi crossbreed contained 16.6% total solids, 10.2% SNF, 6.4% fat, 4.1% protein, 4.9% lactose, and 1.1% minerals. The results indicate that milk composition varies among the breeds in which the milk of the Lanka buffalo has significantly higher amounts of total solids, SNF, and fat. Protein, lactose, and mineral contents do not vary signiticantly.","PeriodicalId":17429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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