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Occurrence, virulence, and AMR profile of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shellfish growing areas located along the south-west coast of India. 从印度西南海岸贝类生长区分离出的副溶血性弧菌的发生、毒性和 AMR 特征。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.338
Ally C Antony, Reshma Silvester, P A Aneesa, Vipindas P V, Deborah Gnana Selvam A, Vivas Salim, Mini K Paul, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from live Indian black clams, sediment, and water samples collected from shellfish harvesting areas located along the south-west coast of India. Out of the total 72 samples collected, 55.6% revealed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus; the highest occurrence was observed in shellfish samples. The presence of tdh and trh virulence genes was screened by multiplex PCR. Virulence genes could be detected in 25.8% of the strains; 19.35% of them were trh positive and 3.2% were tdh positive, while 3.2% of strains exhibited the coexistence of both virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined by the disk diffusion method revealed that 87% of the strains were multiple drug resistant and exhibited 21 diverse resistance patterns. The overall multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0 to 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the presence of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish harvesting areas of the Indian sub-continent. The study reveals possible health hazards associated with consuming shellfish harvested from the study area.

副溶血性弧菌是与食用海产品有关的人类肠胃炎的主要病因。本研究旨在调查从印度西南海岸贝类捕捞区采集的活体印度黑蛤、沉积物和水样中分离出的副溶血性弧菌的发生情况和风险评估。在收集到的 72 个样本中,55.6% 发现了副溶血性弧菌;贝类样本中副溶血性弧菌的出现率最高。通过多重 PCR 检测了tdh 和 trh 毒力基因的存在。25.8%的菌株可检测到毒力基因;其中19.35%为trh阳性,3.2%为tdh阳性,3.2%的菌株同时存在这两种毒力基因。用磁盘扩散法测定的抗菌药耐药性(AMR)显示,87%的菌株具有多重耐药性,并表现出 21 种不同的耐药性模式。总的多重抗生素耐药性(MAR)指数值从 0 到 0.8 不等。据我们所知,这是第一份记录印度次大陆贝类捕捞区存在致病性和耐多药副溶血性弧菌的报告。这项研究揭示了食用从研究地区捕捞的贝类可能对健康造成的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Wastewater surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes during the late 2020 SARS-CoV-2 peak in two different populations. 2020 年底 SARS-CoV-2 高峰期在两个不同人群中对抗生素耐药基因的废水监测。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.161
Sarah E Philo, Sílvia Monteiro, Erica R Fuhrmeister, Ricardo Santos, John Scott Meschke

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, mecA statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area.

美国疾病控制和预防中心报告称,2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行开始后,耐药性感染增加。目前还不太清楚大流行如何以及是否会导致更多人群产生抗生素耐药性。污水处理厂是环境监测的良好地点,因为它们可以对整个人群进行采样。本研究旨在验证用于监测 COVID-19 废水中细菌目标的方法,并了解 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 2 月葡萄牙(PT)和华盛顿州金县 COVID-19 病例的增加如何导致废水中的抗生素耐药基因。从金县的两家污水处理厂和葡萄牙的五家污水处理厂收集了一级污水,并从葡萄牙的三家医院收集了医院污水。利用定量聚合酶链式反应对基因组提取物进行了检测,以确定抗生素耐药性基因是否对受到威胁的抗生素具有耐药性。随机效应模型适用于对数转换基因丰度,以评估时间趋势。收集到的所有样本都检测出多种抗药性基因呈阳性。在采样期间,金县和 PT 的 mecA 在统计上明显增加。没有统计证据表明在同一葡京娱乐场官方网站都市地区采集的样本之间存在相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Management of trihalomethanes in water by ZnO@kaolinite composite: integrated experimental and modeling studies. ZnO@kaolinite 复合材料对水中三卤甲烷的管理:综合实验与模型研究。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.250
Enas Ezzat, El-Sayed I Mishaqa, O A Mohamed, Nabila Shehata

The adsorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water was investigated in the current study through comparison studies of kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites. The clay structural network's successful immobilization on the zincite hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles' lattice layers was verified by the SEM/EDX analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal of THMs was achieved by kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites after 60 min. The adsorption performance of the ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites was greater than that of kaolinite because the former had a larger surface area than the latter. The Freundlich isotherm model best matched the adsorption experimental data, which also reveals the existence of multilayer adsorption on a diverse surface with the greatest correlation (R2 = 0.956 and 0.954, respectively) for both nanoadsorbents using the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), mixed 1, 2-order (MFSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The mechanism by which THMs in drinking water adsorb onto nanoadsorbents was examined. This revealed that both intraparticle and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. Kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites can be used in water treatment to remove THMs due to their great recyclable and reusable properties, even after six cycles.

本研究通过对高岭石和 ZnO@kaolinite 纳米复合材料的对比研究,探讨了饮用水中三卤甲烷(THMs)的吸附问题。通过 SEM/EDX 分析验证了粘土结构网络成功固定在 ZnO 纳米粒子晶格层的锌矿六方结构上。在最佳条件下,高岭石和 ZnO@kaolinite 纳米复合材料在 60 分钟后对三卤甲烷的去除率达到最大值。ZnO@kaolinite 纳米复合材料的吸附性能高于高岭石,因为前者的比表面积大于后者。利用伪一阶(PFO)、伪二阶(PSO)、混合一阶、二阶(MFSO)和颗粒内扩散(IPD)模型,两种纳米吸附剂的相关性最大(R2 分别为 0.956 和 0.954)。研究了饮用水中的三卤甲烷在纳米吸附剂上的吸附机理。结果表明,颗粒内扩散和薄膜扩散都参与了吸附过程。由于高岭石和 ZnO@kaolinite 纳米复合材料具有很好的可回收和可重复使用的特性,即使经过六次循环,它们仍可用于水处理以去除三卤甲烷。
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引用次数: 0
Application of miniaturized most probable number method for bacterial detection in water samples: detection of multi-drug-resistant Ralstonia insidiosa in drinking water. 应用微型化最可能数法检测水样中的细菌:检测饮用水中具有多重耐药性的 Ralstonia insidiosa。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.086
Noor Andryan Ilsan, Siti Nurfajriah, Maulin Inggraini, Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti, Melda Yunita, Reza Anindita, Tzu-Wen Huang

The detection of bacterial contamination in drinking water is essential for monitoring the spread of foodborne diseases. We developed a simple, portable, and low-cost method of mini most probable number (mini MPN) to semi-enumerate bacterial suspension in water as a drinking water analogue. In this study, there is no significant difference between mini MPN and the standard method, technique plate count (TPC), at 10 and 100 CFU/ml Klebsiella pneumoniae suspension with a P-value of 0.28. For the ease-of-use aspect of this method, we tested several variables to prove it can be mass-applied in society. The usage of a sterile-plastic pipette, sample inoculation conducted in a biosafety cabinet (BSC), the usage of a 3-month storage medium, and incubation temperature conducted at room temperature compared to aseptic standard laboratory technique showed P-value > 0.05. In a trial for this method, we used commercialized drinking water for bacterial enumeration and characterization. We found multi-drug resistant (MDR) Ralstonia insidiosa which was resistant to at least four antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporin, and carbapenem. Vitek 2 Compact was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A virulence test in Omphisa fuscidentalis larvae showed R. insidiosa strain D had a low virulence.

检测饮用水中的细菌污染对监测食源性疾病的传播至关重要。我们开发了一种简单、便携、低成本的微型最可能数(mini MPN)方法,用于对水中的细菌悬浮液进行半计数,作为饮用水模拟物。在这项研究中,当肺炎克雷伯氏菌悬浮液的菌落形成单位分别为 10 和 100 CFU/ml 时,迷你最可能数与标准方法--技术平板计数(TPC)之间没有明显差异,P 值为 0.28。为了便于使用,我们测试了几个变量,以证明这种方法可以在社会上大规模应用。与无菌标准实验室技术相比,使用无菌塑料移液管、在生物安全柜(BSC)中进行样本接种、使用 3 个月的储存培养基以及在室温下进行培养等变量的 P 值均大于 0.05。在该方法的试验中,我们使用商业化饮用水进行细菌计数和特征描述。我们发现耐多药(MDR)的Ralstonia insidiosa至少对四类抗菌药有耐药性,包括氨基糖苷类、青霉素类、头孢菌素类和碳青霉烯类。Vitek 2 Compact 用于细菌鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性测试。对 Omphisa fuscidentalis 幼虫的毒力测试表明,R. insidiosa 菌株 D 的毒力较低。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental factors associated with Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snails in a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Napu, Central Sulawesi. 中苏拉威西岛纳普血吸虫病流行区与林多钉螺有关的环境因素。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.108
Meiske Elisabeth Koraag, Octaviani Octaviani, Roy G A Massie, Felly Philipus Senewe, Djohan Djohan

The presence of the freshwater snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis in their habitats is influenced by abiotic environmental factors (nutrients, water salinity, and predators) that play a crucial role in maintaining snail survival. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the presence of O. hupensis lindoensis snails in the Napu Valley, one of the Schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Indonesia. Eight environmental factors were measured in three different habitats: a seepage, a ditch, and a pond. The study found O. hupensis lindoensis snails in all three habitats, with significant differences in their numbers (p < 0.05). The seepage habitat had the highest snail density (762.22 snails per m2) compared to the other habitats. Phosphorus levels were highest in the seepage habitat compared to the other habitats, while nitrogen levels were highest in the pond habitat. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between O. hupensis lindoensis snails and water salinity in the ditch habitat (p < 0.05). In addition to environmental factors, the presence of snails can also be influenced by other factors, such as the presence of snail predators, the presence of snail nutrients, and the population of snail host niche competitors.

淡水钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis)在其栖息地的存在受到非生物环境因素(养分、水盐度和捕食者)的影响,这些因素在维持钉螺生存方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在确定环境因素与印尼血吸虫病流行区之一纳布谷中 O. hupensis lindoensis 钉螺的存在之间的关系。在三个不同的栖息地测量了八个环境因素:渗水、沟渠和池塘。研究发现,O. hupensis lindoensis钉螺在这三种栖息地中的数量都有显著差异(p < 0.05)。与其他栖息地相比,渗水栖息地的蜗牛密度最高(每平方米 762.22 只)。与其他栖息地相比,渗水栖息地的磷含量最高,而池塘栖息地的氮含量最高。Pearson 相关性分析发现,O. hupensis lindoensis 蜗牛与沟渠栖息地的水盐度之间存在显著的正相关性(p < 0.05)。除环境因素外,蜗牛的存在还可能受到其他因素的影响,如蜗牛天敌的存在、蜗牛营养物质的存在以及蜗牛宿主生态位竞争者的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Is the Tigray region, Ethiopia also affected by fluoride in drinking water affecting public health? 埃塞俄比亚提格雷地区是否也受到饮用水中氟影响公众健康的影响?
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.115
Berihu Teshale Mesfin, Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom, Mekonen Tirfu Zekarias, Tesfamariam Teklu Gebretsadik, Amanual Hadera Tesfay, Bart Van der Bruggen

The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of fluoride in drinking water and its health impact in Semema, Tigray, Ethiopia. Water samples were collected in February, March and April from three potential spring water sources, namely May Atkaru, May Sensela and May Liham. Each sample was analyzed for a variety of physicochemical parameters including fluoride using standard APHA procedures through double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and titrimetric methods. All the measured physicochemical parameters except hardness (345.78-368.35 mg/L) and alkalinity (231.3-354.6 mg/L) were recorded below the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water. The amount of fluoride in May Atkaru (4.00 mg/L) and May Sensela (3.89 mg/L) was significantly greater than the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water, 1.5 mg/L. Moreover, HQ > 1 from May Atkaru and May Sensela revealed the possibility of dental and skeletal fluorosis over extended exposure to fluoride irrespective of age and sex variations. This confirmed people in the area with mottled teeth are vulnerable to the excessive consumption of fluoride, which poses health risks. Therefore, it needs immediate interventions to minimize the debilitating effect of fluoride in drinking water by creating awareness among the community and policymakers to introduce low-cost defluoridation methods.

本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚提格雷州塞梅马市饮用水中的氟含量及其对健康的影响。研究人员于二月、三月和四月从三个潜在的泉水水源(即 May Atkaru、May Sensela 和 May Liham)采集了水样。通过双光束紫外可见分光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计和滴定法,采用标准的 APHA 程序对每个样本进行了包括氟在内的各种理化参数分析。除硬度(345.78-368.35 毫克/升)和碱度(231.3-354.6 毫克/升)外,所有测得的理化参数均低于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水允许限值。五月阿特卡鲁(4.00 毫克/升)和五月森塞拉(3.89 毫克/升)中的氟含量明显高于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水允许限值(1.5 毫克/升)。此外,May Atkaru 和 May Sensela 的 HQ > 1 表明,无论年龄和性别如何变化,长期接触氟化物都可能导致牙齿和骨骼氟中毒。这证实了该地区牙齿斑驳的人很容易过量摄入氟,从而对健康造成危害。因此,需要立即采取干预措施,通过提高社区和政策制定者的认识,采用低成本的除氟方法,最大限度地减少饮用水中氟化物的有害影响。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of adoption of household water treatment in Haiti using two analysis methods: logistic regression and machine learning. 使用两种分析方法:逻辑回归和机器学习,分析海地采用家庭水处理方法的决定因素。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.376
Camille Heylen, Diona Antoine, Michael Ritter, Jean Marcel Casimir, Neil Van Dine, Jean Jackendy, Alice Leung, Dustin Wright, Daniele Lantagne

Household water treatment (HWT) is recommended when safe drinking water is limited. To understand determinants of HWT adoption, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 650 households across different regions in Haiti. Data were collected on 71 demographic and psychosocial factors and 2 outcomes (self-reported and confirmed HWT use). Data were transformed into 169 possible determinants of adoption across nine categories. We assessed determinants using logistic regression and, as machine learning methods are increasingly used, random forest analyses. Overall, 376 (58%) respondents self-reported treating or purchasing water, and 123 (19%) respondents had residual chlorine in stored household water. Both logistic regression and machine learning analyses had high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.77-0.82), and the strongest determinants in models were in the demographics and socioeconomics, risk belief, and WASH practice categories. Determinants that can be influenced inform HWT promotion in Haiti. It is recommended to increase access to HWT products, provide cash and education on water treatment to emergency-impacted populations, and focus future surveys on known determinants of adoption. We found both regression and machine learning methods need informed, thoughtful, and trained analysts to ensure meaningful results and discuss the benefits/drawbacks of analysis methods herein.

当安全饮用水有限时,建议采用家庭水处理技术(HWT)。为了解采用 HWT 的决定因素,我们对海地不同地区的 650 个家庭进行了横断面调查。我们收集了 71 个人口和社会心理因素以及 2 个结果(自我报告和确认使用 HWT)的数据。数据被转化为 9 个类别中 169 个可能的采用决定因素。我们使用逻辑回归法评估了决定因素,随着机器学习方法的使用越来越多,我们还使用了随机森林分析法。总体而言,376 名受访者(58%)自称对水进行过处理或购买过水,123 名受访者(19%)的家庭储水中含有余氯。逻辑回归和机器学习分析的准确率都很高(接收者工作特征曲线下的面积(AUC)为 0.77-0.82),而机器学习分析的准确率则在 0.77-0.82 之间:0.77-0.82),模型中最强的决定因素是人口统计学和社会经济学、风险信念和讲卫生运动实践类别。可影响的决定因素为在海地推广 HWT 提供了依据。建议增加使用 HWT 产品的机会,向受紧急情况影响的人群提供现金和水处理教育,并在未来的调查中重点关注采用 HWT 的已知决定因素。我们发现回归和机器学习方法都需要知情、深思熟虑和训练有素的分析人员,以确保得出有意义的结果,并在此讨论分析方法的优点/缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial resistance characterization of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus hirae isolated from marine coastal recreational waters in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. 从巴西圣保罗州海滨休闲水域分离的粪肠球菌、粪肠球菌和平肠球菌的抗菌药耐药性特征。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.098
Giovanna Silva Santiago, Milena Dropa, Solange Martone-Rocha, Talita Pereira Dos Santos, Vasco Tulio de Moura Gomes, Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini

Coastal water quality is facing increasing threats due to human activities. Their contamination by sewage discharges poses significant risks to the environment and public health. We aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in beach waters. Over a 10-month period, samples were collected from four beaches in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). Enterococcus isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and molecular analysis for accurate genus and species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by a multidrug-resistance (MDR) classification. PCR amplification method was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings revealed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae. Out of 130 isolates, 118 were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes provided evidence of the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Our findings underscore the necessity for continuous research and surveillance to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Enterococcus, which is crucial to implement effective measures to preserve the integrity of coastal ecosystems.

由于人类活动的影响,沿海水质正面临着越来越大的威胁。污水排放对水质造成的污染对环境和公众健康构成了重大威胁。我们的目的是调查海滩水域中是否存在抗生素耐药肠球菌。在 10 个月的时间里,我们从圣保罗州(巴西)的四个海滩采集了样本。对分离出的肠球菌进行了基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析(MALDI-TOF/MS)和分子分析,以准确鉴定菌属和菌种。采用盘扩散法评估了 14 种抗生素的抗菌敏感性,然后进行了多重耐药性(MDR)分类。PCR 扩增法用于检测抗菌药耐药基因(ARGs)。我们的研究结果表明,粪肠球菌、粪大肠杆菌和平肠球菌普遍存在。在 130 个分离株中,118 个对多种抗生素具有耐药性。耐药基因的检测提供了环境中抗生素耐药性潜在转移的证据。我们的研究结果表明,有必要继续开展研究和监测,以加深对肠球菌致病性和抗菌药耐药性机制的了解,这对于采取有效措施保护沿海生态系统的完整性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of pathogenic Mycobacteria avium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in outdoor decorative fountain water and the associated microbial community. 室外装饰性喷泉水中致病分枝杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的存在及其相关微生物群落。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.117
Qiaomei Zhou, Jingang Huang, Shilin Wen, Yucheng Lou, Shanshan Qiu, Huanxuan Li, Rongbing Zhou, Junhong Tang

Outdoor decorative fountains usually attract residents to visit. However, opportunistic pathogens (OPs) can proliferate and grow in the stagnant fountain water, posing potential health risks to visitors due to the inhalation of spaying aerosols. In this study, the abundance of selected OPs and associated microbial communities in three large outdoor decorative fountain waters were investigated using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that Mycobacteria avium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were consistently detected in all decorative fountain waters throughout the year. Redundancy analysis showed that OPs abundance was negatively correlated with water temperature but positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. The gene copy numbers of M. avium varied between 2.4 and 3.9 log10 (gene copies/mL), which were significantly lower than P. aeruginosa by several orders of magnitude, reaching 6.5-7.1 log10 (gene copies/mL) during winter. The analysis of taxonomic composition and prediction of functional potential also revealed pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease metabolic pathways associated with microbial communities in different decorative fountain waters. This study provided a deeper understanding of the pathogenic conditions of the outdoor decorative fountain water, and future works should focus on accurately assessing the health risks posed by OPs in aerosols.

室外装饰喷泉通常会吸引居民参观。然而,机会性病原体(OPs)会在积水的喷泉水中大量繁殖和生长,由于吸入唾液气溶胶而给游客带来潜在的健康风险。本研究采用定量 PCR 和 16S rRNA 测序方法,调查了三个大型室外装饰喷泉水体中选定 OPs 的丰度和相关微生物群落。结果表明,所有装饰性喷泉水体中全年都能持续检测到分枝杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。冗余分析表明,OPs 的丰度与水温呈负相关,但与营养浓度呈正相关。M. avium 的基因拷贝数在 2.4 至 3.9 log10(基因拷贝/毫升)之间变化,明显低于 P. aeruginosa 几个数量级,冬季达到 6.5-7.1 log10(基因拷贝/毫升)。分类组成分析和功能潜力预测还揭示了与不同装饰喷泉水体微生物群落相关的病原微生物和传染病代谢途径。这项研究加深了人们对室外装饰喷泉水致病条件的了解,今后的工作应侧重于准确评估气溶胶中 OPs 对健康造成的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates from different water sources in Mbarara, Uganda. 从乌干达姆巴拉拉不同水源分离的大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.319
Abaasa Catherine N, Stange Claudia, Ayesiga Savino, Mulogo M Edgar, Kalyetsi Rogers, Lejju B Julius, Andama Morgan, Tamwesigire K Imelda, Bazira Joel, Byarugaba Frederick, Tiehm Andreas

Escherichia coli is widely used as an indicator of recent faecal pollution of water. Most E. coli strains are commensals; however, isolates in water samples have been shown to carry antibiotic resistance determinants. In total, 47 E. coli were isolated from selected drinking water sources in Mbarara, Uganda. The isolates were examined for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics and the presence of nine antibiotic-resistance genes (mostly β-lactamase genes) and class 1 integrons. Isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin of 55.5% and a high sensitivity to azithromycin and gentamicin at 98 and 96%, respectively. PCR analysis showed the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-32 and blaCMY-2 in 64 and 36% of the isolates. The carbapenemase genes blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2, blaNDM-1, and blaKPC-3 were either not detected or only in a very small number of the isolates, whereas class 1 integrons were present in 68% of the isolates. This study proves that antimicrobial resistance exists in E. coli in water used for drinking purposes in Mbarara city. There is a need for public health actors to improve the surveillance of microbiological quality of drinking water to minimize health risks.

大肠杆菌被广泛用作近期水体粪便污染的指标。大多数大肠杆菌菌株都是共生菌,但水样中的分离菌株已被证明带有抗生素耐药性基因。从乌干达姆巴拉拉选定的饮用水源中共分离出 47 个大肠杆菌。对这些分离物进行了检测,以确定其对七种抗生素的敏感性以及是否存在九种抗生素耐药基因(主要是β-内酰胺酶基因)和 1 类整合子。分离菌株对氨苄西林的耐药性高达 55.5%,对阿奇霉素和庆大霉素的敏感性分别高达 98% 和 96%。PCR 分析表明,64% 和 36% 的分离株中存在广谱 β 内酰胺酶基因 blaCTX-M-32 和 blaCMY-2。碳青霉烯酶基因 blaOXA-48、blaVIM-2、blaNDM-1 和 blaKPC-3 要么未检测到,要么仅在极少数分离物中检测到,而 68% 的分离物中存在 1 类整合子。这项研究证明,姆巴拉拉市饮用水中的大肠杆菌存在抗菌药耐药性。公共卫生部门有必要加强对饮用水微生物质量的监测,以最大限度地降低健康风险。
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Journal of water and health
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