Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.338
Ally C Antony, Reshma Silvester, P A Aneesa, Vipindas P V, Deborah Gnana Selvam A, Vivas Salim, Mini K Paul, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from live Indian black clams, sediment, and water samples collected from shellfish harvesting areas located along the south-west coast of India. Out of the total 72 samples collected, 55.6% revealed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus; the highest occurrence was observed in shellfish samples. The presence of tdh and trh virulence genes was screened by multiplex PCR. Virulence genes could be detected in 25.8% of the strains; 19.35% of them were trh positive and 3.2% were tdh positive, while 3.2% of strains exhibited the coexistence of both virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined by the disk diffusion method revealed that 87% of the strains were multiple drug resistant and exhibited 21 diverse resistance patterns. The overall multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0 to 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the presence of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish harvesting areas of the Indian sub-continent. The study reveals possible health hazards associated with consuming shellfish harvested from the study area.
{"title":"Occurrence, virulence, and AMR profile of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> isolated from shellfish growing areas located along the south-west coast of India.","authors":"Ally C Antony, Reshma Silvester, P A Aneesa, Vipindas P V, Deborah Gnana Selvam A, Vivas Salim, Mini K Paul, Mohamed Hatha Abdulla","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk assessment of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolated from live Indian black clams, sediment, and water samples collected from shellfish harvesting areas located along the south-west coast of India. Out of the total 72 samples collected, 55.6% revealed the presence of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>; the highest occurrence was observed in shellfish samples. The presence of <i>tdh</i> and <i>trh</i> virulence genes was screened by multiplex PCR. Virulence genes could be detected in 25.8% of the strains; 19.35% of them were <i>trh</i> positive and 3.2% were <i>tdh</i> positive, while 3.2% of strains exhibited the coexistence of both virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined by the disk diffusion method revealed that 87% of the strains were multiple drug resistant and exhibited 21 diverse resistance patterns. The overall multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0 to 0.8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the presence of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in shellfish harvesting areas of the Indian sub-continent. The study reveals possible health hazards associated with consuming shellfish harvested from the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.161
Sarah E Philo, Sílvia Monteiro, Erica R Fuhrmeister, Ricardo Santos, John Scott Meschke
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, mecA statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area.
{"title":"Wastewater surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes during the late 2020 SARS-CoV-2 peak in two different populations.","authors":"Sarah E Philo, Sílvia Monteiro, Erica R Fuhrmeister, Ricardo Santos, John Scott Meschke","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, <i>mecA</i> statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-10DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.250
Enas Ezzat, El-Sayed I Mishaqa, O A Mohamed, Nabila Shehata
The adsorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water was investigated in the current study through comparison studies of kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites. The clay structural network's successful immobilization on the zincite hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles' lattice layers was verified by the SEM/EDX analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal of THMs was achieved by kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites after 60 min. The adsorption performance of the ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites was greater than that of kaolinite because the former had a larger surface area than the latter. The Freundlich isotherm model best matched the adsorption experimental data, which also reveals the existence of multilayer adsorption on a diverse surface with the greatest correlation (R2 = 0.956 and 0.954, respectively) for both nanoadsorbents using the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), mixed 1, 2-order (MFSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The mechanism by which THMs in drinking water adsorb onto nanoadsorbents was examined. This revealed that both intraparticle and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. Kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites can be used in water treatment to remove THMs due to their great recyclable and reusable properties, even after six cycles.
{"title":"Management of trihalomethanes in water by ZnO@kaolinite composite: integrated experimental and modeling studies.","authors":"Enas Ezzat, El-Sayed I Mishaqa, O A Mohamed, Nabila Shehata","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adsorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water was investigated in the current study through comparison studies of kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites. The clay structural network's successful immobilization on the zincite hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles' lattice layers was verified by the SEM/EDX analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal of THMs was achieved by kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites after 60 min. The adsorption performance of the ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites was greater than that of kaolinite because the former had a larger surface area than the latter. The Freundlich isotherm model best matched the adsorption experimental data, which also reveals the existence of multilayer adsorption on a diverse surface with the greatest correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.956 and 0.954, respectively) for both nanoadsorbents using the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), mixed 1, 2-order (MFSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The mechanism by which THMs in drinking water adsorb onto nanoadsorbents was examined. This revealed that both intraparticle and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. Kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites can be used in water treatment to remove THMs due to their great recyclable and reusable properties, even after six cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-16DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.086
Noor Andryan Ilsan, Siti Nurfajriah, Maulin Inggraini, Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti, Melda Yunita, Reza Anindita, Tzu-Wen Huang
The detection of bacterial contamination in drinking water is essential for monitoring the spread of foodborne diseases. We developed a simple, portable, and low-cost method of mini most probable number (mini MPN) to semi-enumerate bacterial suspension in water as a drinking water analogue. In this study, there is no significant difference between mini MPN and the standard method, technique plate count (TPC), at 10 and 100 CFU/ml Klebsiella pneumoniae suspension with a P-value of 0.28. For the ease-of-use aspect of this method, we tested several variables to prove it can be mass-applied in society. The usage of a sterile-plastic pipette, sample inoculation conducted in a biosafety cabinet (BSC), the usage of a 3-month storage medium, and incubation temperature conducted at room temperature compared to aseptic standard laboratory technique showed P-value > 0.05. In a trial for this method, we used commercialized drinking water for bacterial enumeration and characterization. We found multi-drug resistant (MDR) Ralstonia insidiosa which was resistant to at least four antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporin, and carbapenem. Vitek 2 Compact was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A virulence test in Omphisa fuscidentalis larvae showed R. insidiosa strain D had a low virulence.
{"title":"Application of miniaturized most probable number method for bacterial detection in water samples: detection of multi-drug-resistant <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i> in drinking water.","authors":"Noor Andryan Ilsan, Siti Nurfajriah, Maulin Inggraini, Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti, Melda Yunita, Reza Anindita, Tzu-Wen Huang","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection of bacterial contamination in drinking water is essential for monitoring the spread of foodborne diseases. We developed a simple, portable, and low-cost method of mini most probable number (mini MPN) to semi-enumerate bacterial suspension in water as a drinking water analogue. In this study, there is no significant difference between mini MPN and the standard method, technique plate count (TPC), at 10 and 100 CFU/ml <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> suspension with a <i>P</i>-value of 0.28. For the ease-of-use aspect of this method, we tested several variables to prove it can be mass-applied in society. The usage of a sterile-plastic pipette, sample inoculation conducted in a biosafety cabinet (BSC), the usage of a 3-month storage medium, and incubation temperature conducted at room temperature compared to aseptic standard laboratory technique showed <i>P</i>-value > 0.05. In a trial for this method, we used commercialized drinking water for bacterial enumeration and characterization. We found multi-drug resistant (MDR) <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i> which was resistant to at least four antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporin, and carbapenem. Vitek 2 Compact was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A virulence test in <i>Omphisa fuscidentalis</i> larvae showed <i>R. insidiosa</i> strain D had a low virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-02DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.108
Meiske Elisabeth Koraag, Octaviani Octaviani, Roy G A Massie, Felly Philipus Senewe, Djohan Djohan
The presence of the freshwater snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis in their habitats is influenced by abiotic environmental factors (nutrients, water salinity, and predators) that play a crucial role in maintaining snail survival. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the presence of O. hupensis lindoensis snails in the Napu Valley, one of the Schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Indonesia. Eight environmental factors were measured in three different habitats: a seepage, a ditch, and a pond. The study found O. hupensis lindoensis snails in all three habitats, with significant differences in their numbers (p < 0.05). The seepage habitat had the highest snail density (762.22 snails per m2) compared to the other habitats. Phosphorus levels were highest in the seepage habitat compared to the other habitats, while nitrogen levels were highest in the pond habitat. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between O. hupensis lindoensis snails and water salinity in the ditch habitat (p < 0.05). In addition to environmental factors, the presence of snails can also be influenced by other factors, such as the presence of snail predators, the presence of snail nutrients, and the population of snail host niche competitors.
{"title":"Environmental factors associated with <i>Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis</i> snails in a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Napu, Central Sulawesi.","authors":"Meiske Elisabeth Koraag, Octaviani Octaviani, Roy G A Massie, Felly Philipus Senewe, Djohan Djohan","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of the freshwater snail <i>Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis</i> in their habitats is influenced by abiotic environmental factors (nutrients, water salinity, and predators) that play a crucial role in maintaining snail survival. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the presence of <i>O. hupensis lindoensis</i> snails in the Napu Valley, one of the Schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Indonesia. Eight environmental factors were measured in three different habitats: a seepage, a ditch, and a pond. The study found <i>O. hupensis lindoensis</i> snails in all three habitats, with significant differences in their numbers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The seepage habitat had the highest snail density (762.22 snails per m<sup>2</sup>) compared to the other habitats. Phosphorus levels were highest in the seepage habitat compared to the other habitats, while nitrogen levels were highest in the pond habitat. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between <i>O. hupensis lindoensis</i> snails and water salinity in the ditch habitat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition to environmental factors, the presence of snails can also be influenced by other factors, such as the presence of snail predators, the presence of snail nutrients, and the population of snail host niche competitors<b>.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-08DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.115
Berihu Teshale Mesfin, Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom, Mekonen Tirfu Zekarias, Tesfamariam Teklu Gebretsadik, Amanual Hadera Tesfay, Bart Van der Bruggen
The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of fluoride in drinking water and its health impact in Semema, Tigray, Ethiopia. Water samples were collected in February, March and April from three potential spring water sources, namely May Atkaru, May Sensela and May Liham. Each sample was analyzed for a variety of physicochemical parameters including fluoride using standard APHA procedures through double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and titrimetric methods. All the measured physicochemical parameters except hardness (345.78-368.35 mg/L) and alkalinity (231.3-354.6 mg/L) were recorded below the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water. The amount of fluoride in May Atkaru (4.00 mg/L) and May Sensela (3.89 mg/L) was significantly greater than the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water, 1.5 mg/L. Moreover, HQ > 1 from May Atkaru and May Sensela revealed the possibility of dental and skeletal fluorosis over extended exposure to fluoride irrespective of age and sex variations. This confirmed people in the area with mottled teeth are vulnerable to the excessive consumption of fluoride, which poses health risks. Therefore, it needs immediate interventions to minimize the debilitating effect of fluoride in drinking water by creating awareness among the community and policymakers to introduce low-cost defluoridation methods.
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚提格雷州塞梅马市饮用水中的氟含量及其对健康的影响。研究人员于二月、三月和四月从三个潜在的泉水水源(即 May Atkaru、May Sensela 和 May Liham)采集了水样。通过双光束紫外可见分光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计和滴定法,采用标准的 APHA 程序对每个样本进行了包括氟在内的各种理化参数分析。除硬度(345.78-368.35 毫克/升)和碱度(231.3-354.6 毫克/升)外,所有测得的理化参数均低于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水允许限值。五月阿特卡鲁(4.00 毫克/升)和五月森塞拉(3.89 毫克/升)中的氟含量明显高于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水允许限值(1.5 毫克/升)。此外,May Atkaru 和 May Sensela 的 HQ > 1 表明,无论年龄和性别如何变化,长期接触氟化物都可能导致牙齿和骨骼氟中毒。这证实了该地区牙齿斑驳的人很容易过量摄入氟,从而对健康造成危害。因此,需要立即采取干预措施,通过提高社区和政策制定者的认识,采用低成本的除氟方法,最大限度地减少饮用水中氟化物的有害影响。
{"title":"Is the Tigray region, Ethiopia also affected by fluoride in drinking water affecting public health?","authors":"Berihu Teshale Mesfin, Abraha Gebrekidan Asgedom, Mekonen Tirfu Zekarias, Tesfamariam Teklu Gebretsadik, Amanual Hadera Tesfay, Bart Van der Bruggen","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of fluoride in drinking water and its health impact in Semema, Tigray, Ethiopia. Water samples were collected in February, March and April from three potential spring water sources, namely May Atkaru, May Sensela and May Liham. Each sample was analyzed for a variety of physicochemical parameters including fluoride using standard APHA procedures through double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and titrimetric methods. All the measured physicochemical parameters except hardness (345.78-368.35 mg/L) and alkalinity (231.3-354.6 mg/L) were recorded below the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water. The amount of fluoride in May Atkaru (4.00 mg/L) and May Sensela (3.89 mg/L) was significantly greater than the WHO permissible limit set for drinking water, 1.5 mg/L. Moreover, HQ > 1 from May Atkaru and May Sensela revealed the possibility of dental and skeletal fluorosis over extended exposure to fluoride irrespective of age and sex variations. This confirmed people in the area with mottled teeth are vulnerable to the excessive consumption of fluoride, which poses health risks. Therefore, it needs immediate interventions to minimize the debilitating effect of fluoride in drinking water by creating awareness among the community and policymakers to introduce low-cost defluoridation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-21DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.376
Camille Heylen, Diona Antoine, Michael Ritter, Jean Marcel Casimir, Neil Van Dine, Jean Jackendy, Alice Leung, Dustin Wright, Daniele Lantagne
Household water treatment (HWT) is recommended when safe drinking water is limited. To understand determinants of HWT adoption, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 650 households across different regions in Haiti. Data were collected on 71 demographic and psychosocial factors and 2 outcomes (self-reported and confirmed HWT use). Data were transformed into 169 possible determinants of adoption across nine categories. We assessed determinants using logistic regression and, as machine learning methods are increasingly used, random forest analyses. Overall, 376 (58%) respondents self-reported treating or purchasing water, and 123 (19%) respondents had residual chlorine in stored household water. Both logistic regression and machine learning analyses had high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.77-0.82), and the strongest determinants in models were in the demographics and socioeconomics, risk belief, and WASH practice categories. Determinants that can be influenced inform HWT promotion in Haiti. It is recommended to increase access to HWT products, provide cash and education on water treatment to emergency-impacted populations, and focus future surveys on known determinants of adoption. We found both regression and machine learning methods need informed, thoughtful, and trained analysts to ensure meaningful results and discuss the benefits/drawbacks of analysis methods herein.
{"title":"Determinants of adoption of household water treatment in Haiti using two analysis methods: logistic regression and machine learning.","authors":"Camille Heylen, Diona Antoine, Michael Ritter, Jean Marcel Casimir, Neil Van Dine, Jean Jackendy, Alice Leung, Dustin Wright, Daniele Lantagne","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Household water treatment (HWT) is recommended when safe drinking water is limited. To understand determinants of HWT adoption, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 650 households across different regions in Haiti. Data were collected on 71 demographic and psychosocial factors and 2 outcomes (self-reported and confirmed HWT use). Data were transformed into 169 possible determinants of adoption across nine categories. We assessed determinants using logistic regression and, as machine learning methods are increasingly used, random forest analyses. Overall, 376 (58%) respondents self-reported treating or purchasing water, and 123 (19%) respondents had residual chlorine in stored household water. Both logistic regression and machine learning analyses had high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.77-0.82), and the strongest determinants in models were in the demographics and socioeconomics, risk belief, and WASH practice categories. Determinants that can be influenced inform HWT promotion in Haiti. It is recommended to increase access to HWT products, provide cash and education on water treatment to emergency-impacted populations, and focus future surveys on known determinants of adoption. We found both regression and machine learning methods need informed, thoughtful, and trained analysts to ensure meaningful results and discuss the benefits/drawbacks of analysis methods herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-23DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.098
Giovanna Silva Santiago, Milena Dropa, Solange Martone-Rocha, Talita Pereira Dos Santos, Vasco Tulio de Moura Gomes, Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
Coastal water quality is facing increasing threats due to human activities. Their contamination by sewage discharges poses significant risks to the environment and public health. We aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in beach waters. Over a 10-month period, samples were collected from four beaches in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). Enterococcus isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and molecular analysis for accurate genus and species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by a multidrug-resistance (MDR) classification. PCR amplification method was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings revealed the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and E. hirae. Out of 130 isolates, 118 were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes provided evidence of the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Our findings underscore the necessity for continuous research and surveillance to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Enterococcus, which is crucial to implement effective measures to preserve the integrity of coastal ecosystems.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance characterization of <i>Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> isolated from marine coastal recreational waters in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Giovanna Silva Santiago, Milena Dropa, Solange Martone-Rocha, Talita Pereira Dos Santos, Vasco Tulio de Moura Gomes, Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coastal water quality is facing increasing threats due to human activities. Their contamination by sewage discharges poses significant risks to the environment and public health. We aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> in beach waters. Over a 10-month period, samples were collected from four beaches in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). <i>Enterococcus</i> isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and molecular analysis for accurate genus and species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by a multidrug-resistance (MDR) classification. PCR amplification method was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings revealed the prevalence of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>E. faecium</i> and <i>E. hirae</i>. Out of 130 isolates, 118 were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes provided evidence of the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Our findings underscore the necessity for continuous research and surveillance to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of <i>Enterococcus</i>, which is crucial to implement effective measures to preserve the integrity of coastal ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outdoor decorative fountains usually attract residents to visit. However, opportunistic pathogens (OPs) can proliferate and grow in the stagnant fountain water, posing potential health risks to visitors due to the inhalation of spaying aerosols. In this study, the abundance of selected OPs and associated microbial communities in three large outdoor decorative fountain waters were investigated using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that Mycobacteria avium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were consistently detected in all decorative fountain waters throughout the year. Redundancy analysis showed that OPs abundance was negatively correlated with water temperature but positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. The gene copy numbers of M. avium varied between 2.4 and 3.9 log10 (gene copies/mL), which were significantly lower than P. aeruginosa by several orders of magnitude, reaching 6.5-7.1 log10 (gene copies/mL) during winter. The analysis of taxonomic composition and prediction of functional potential also revealed pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease metabolic pathways associated with microbial communities in different decorative fountain waters. This study provided a deeper understanding of the pathogenic conditions of the outdoor decorative fountain water, and future works should focus on accurately assessing the health risks posed by OPs in aerosols.
{"title":"Occurrence of pathogenic <i>Mycobacteria avium</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in outdoor decorative fountain water and the associated microbial community.","authors":"Qiaomei Zhou, Jingang Huang, Shilin Wen, Yucheng Lou, Shanshan Qiu, Huanxuan Li, Rongbing Zhou, Junhong Tang","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outdoor decorative fountains usually attract residents to visit. However, opportunistic pathogens (OPs) can proliferate and grow in the stagnant fountain water, posing potential health risks to visitors due to the inhalation of spaying aerosols. In this study, the abundance of selected OPs and associated microbial communities in three large outdoor decorative fountain waters were investigated using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that <i>Mycobacteria avium</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were consistently detected in all decorative fountain waters throughout the year. Redundancy analysis showed that OPs abundance was negatively correlated with water temperature but positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. The gene copy numbers of <i>M. avium</i> varied between 2.4 and 3.9 log<sub>10</sub> (gene copies/mL), which were significantly lower than <i>P. aeruginosa</i> by several orders of magnitude, reaching 6.5-7.1 log<sub>10</sub> (gene copies/mL) during winter. The analysis of taxonomic composition and prediction of functional potential also revealed pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease metabolic pathways associated with microbial communities in different decorative fountain waters. This study provided a deeper understanding of the pathogenic conditions of the outdoor decorative fountain water, and future works should focus on accurately assessing the health risks posed by OPs in aerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-22DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.319
Abaasa Catherine N, Stange Claudia, Ayesiga Savino, Mulogo M Edgar, Kalyetsi Rogers, Lejju B Julius, Andama Morgan, Tamwesigire K Imelda, Bazira Joel, Byarugaba Frederick, Tiehm Andreas
Escherichia coli is widely used as an indicator of recent faecal pollution of water. Most E. coli strains are commensals; however, isolates in water samples have been shown to carry antibiotic resistance determinants. In total, 47 E. coli were isolated from selected drinking water sources in Mbarara, Uganda. The isolates were examined for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics and the presence of nine antibiotic-resistance genes (mostly β-lactamase genes) and class 1 integrons. Isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin of 55.5% and a high sensitivity to azithromycin and gentamicin at 98 and 96%, respectively. PCR analysis showed the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-32 and blaCMY-2 in 64 and 36% of the isolates. The carbapenemase genes blaOXA-48, blaVIM-2, blaNDM-1, and blaKPC-3 were either not detected or only in a very small number of the isolates, whereas class 1 integrons were present in 68% of the isolates. This study proves that antimicrobial resistance exists in E. coli in water used for drinking purposes in Mbarara city. There is a need for public health actors to improve the surveillance of microbiological quality of drinking water to minimize health risks.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of <i>E. coli</i> isolates from different water sources in Mbarara, Uganda.","authors":"Abaasa Catherine N, Stange Claudia, Ayesiga Savino, Mulogo M Edgar, Kalyetsi Rogers, Lejju B Julius, Andama Morgan, Tamwesigire K Imelda, Bazira Joel, Byarugaba Frederick, Tiehm Andreas","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> is widely used as an indicator of recent faecal pollution of water. Most <i>E. coli</i> strains are commensals; however, isolates in water samples have been shown to carry antibiotic resistance determinants. In total, 47 <i>E. coli</i> were isolated from selected drinking water sources in Mbarara, Uganda. The isolates were examined for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics and the presence of nine antibiotic-resistance genes (mostly <i>β</i>-lactamase genes) and class 1 integrons. Isolates showed a high resistance to ampicillin of 55.5% and a high sensitivity to azithromycin and gentamicin at 98 and 96%, respectively. PCR analysis showed the presence of extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase genes <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-32</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>CMY-2</sub> in 64 and 36% of the isolates. The carbapenemase genes <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>VIM-2</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>NDM-1</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-3</sub> were either not detected or only in a very small number of the isolates, whereas class 1 integrons were present in 68% of the isolates. This study proves that antimicrobial resistance exists in <i>E. coli</i> in water used for drinking purposes in Mbarara city. There is a need for public health actors to improve the surveillance of microbiological quality of drinking water to minimize health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}