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Effect of handwashing on the reduction of Escherichia coli on children's hands in urban slum Indonesia 洗手对印度尼西亚城市贫民窟儿童手部大肠杆菌减少的影响
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.121
Mahmud Aditya Rifqi, Umi Hamidah, Neni Sintawardani, Hidenori Harada, Sikopo Nyambe, Akira Sai, Taro Yamauchi
Abstract Poor hand hygiene practice has been linked to an increase in the number of infections among children in urban slums. Hands are considered an intersection for bacterial transmission, but it is unclear whether the handwashing technique affects bacteria elimination. This study investigated the effect of handwashing on the concentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and factors related to its reduction among children in an urban slum in Bandung, Indonesia. We observed handwashing and conducted repeated hand swabs before and after handwashing among 137 participants. The mean E. coli concentration on the hands decreased after handwashing, with a higher reduction in E. coli count among students who used soap and had soap contact for more than 10 s during handwashing. Cleaning in-between fingers, using soap, soap contact for more than 10 s, and drying hands with a single-use towel were effective factors for reducing E. coli concentration after handwashing (p < 0.05). More than half of the swab samples (59%) tested positive for E. coli after handwashing, indicating that the children's handwashing technique was not effective in completely removing E. coli from the hands. Moreover, sustained and consistent handwashing practice as a daily behavior in children would maximize the effect.
不良的手卫生习惯与城市贫民窟儿童感染人数的增加有关。手被认为是细菌传播的交叉点,但目前尚不清楚洗手技术是否会影响细菌的消除。本研究调查了洗手对印度尼西亚万隆城市贫民窟儿童中大肠杆菌(E. coli)浓度的影响及其减少的相关因素。我们观察了137名参与者的洗手情况,并在洗手前后进行了反复的手拭子测试。洗手后,手上的平均大肠杆菌浓度下降,在洗手过程中使用肥皂并接触肥皂超过10秒的学生中,大肠杆菌数量下降幅度较大。手指间清洁、使用肥皂、接触肥皂10 s以上、用一次性毛巾擦干双手是降低洗手后大肠杆菌浓度的有效因素(p <0.05)。洗手后,超过一半的拭子样本(59%)检测出大肠杆菌阳性,这表明儿童的洗手技术不能有效地完全去除手上的大肠杆菌。此外,持续和一致的洗手实践作为儿童的日常行为将最大限度地发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in fish from three water bodies in Ghana 加纳三个水体鱼类药物残留分析及风险评估
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.208
Albert Ebo Duncan, Christian Adokoh, Martha Osei-Marfo, Samuel Barnie, Aboagye George Sakyi, Josephe Adjei
Abstract Illegal mining has overshadowed pharmaceutical pollution even though exposure to pharmaceutical waste is high. Consumption of fish potentially polluted with pharmaceuticals from the rivers continues with little concern or potential threat it poses. In the present study, the residues of one antibiotic (Chloramphenicol), five hormones (progesterone, 17-beta Estradiol, Estrone, 17a-Ethynylestradiol, and one), three environmental contaminants (4-para-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, and Bisphenol A), one barbiturate (Primidone) and one analgesic (Diclofenac sodium salt), were investigated from fish samples from the rivers Pra, Narkwa, and the Volta. The results show a high concentration of drugs in River Pra in comparison to those in Rivers Narkwa and Volta. The hazard quotients (HQs) for the environmental contaminants were all above 1, except Bisphenol A. Furthermore, the HQs from this study suggest that consumers of fish from any of the three rivers stand a hazard risk of Chloramphenicol (19), 17a-Ethynylestradiol (4), Estrone (1.366), Diclofenac sodium salt (3.29), Progesterone (4.598), 4-tert-octylphenol (87.2), and 4-para-nonylphenol (7.252), but negligible risk against E2 (0.687), Primidone (0.014), Testosterone (0.16), and Bisphenol A (0.642). Of the fish species studied, the highest concentration of all pharmaceuticals put together is found in Clarias gariepinus, Labeo senegalensis, and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in that order.
非法采矿掩盖了药物污染,尽管暴露于药物废物很高。食用可能被来自河流的药物污染的鱼几乎没有受到关注,也没有构成潜在威胁。在本研究中,研究了一种抗生素(氯霉素)、五种激素(黄体酮、17- β雌二醇、雌酮、17a-乙炔雌二醇和1)、三种环境污染物(4-对壬基酚、4-叔辛基酚和双酚A)、一种巴比妥酸盐(Primidone)和一种镇痛药(双氯芬酸钠盐)在Pra河、Narkwa河和Volta河中的残留。结果显示,普拉河的药物浓度高于纳克瓦河和沃尔特河。除双酚a外,其他环境污染物的危害系数(HQs)均在1以上。此外,本研究的HQs表明,三河鱼的消费者对氯霉素(19)、17a-乙炔雌二醇(4)、雌酮(1.366)、双氯芬酸钠盐(3.29)、孕酮(4.598)、4-叔辛基酚(87.2)和4-对壬基酚(7.252)的危害系数可忽略,对E2(0.687)、Primidone(0.014)、睾酮(0.16)、双酚A(0.642)。在所研究的鱼类中,所有药物的浓度最高的依次是Clarias gariepinus, Labeo senegalensis和Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus。
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引用次数: 0
Hospital waste incinerator ash: characteristics, treatment techniques, and applications (A review) 医院垃圾焚烧炉灰:特性、处理技术及应用(综述)
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.299
Nuseibah Abd Alhameed El-Amaireh, Habis Al-Zoubi, Omar Ali Al-Khashman
Abstract The amount of medical waste generated has increased enormously since the COVID-19 outbreak. An incineration process is the main method that is usually used to treat this waste, causing an increase in both medical waste bottom ash (MWBA) and medical waste fly ash (MWFA). In this work, the physical and chemical characteristics of MWFA and MWBA were reviewed. This ash contains high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and heavy metals. Furthermore, medical waste ash appears to have high leachability in the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test and the European standard test (EN 12457). Owing to its toxicity, medical ash can be treated using various methods prior to disposal based on the covered review. These techniques include chemical, supercritical fluid, cement-based, melting, microwave, and mechanochemical techniques. The shortcomings of some of these treatment methods have been identified, such as the emission of high levels of chlorine from the melting technique, limited applications of the flotation method on the industrial scale, long-term stability of leachate treated by cement-based methods that have not been confirmed yet, and high energy consumption in the supercritical technique. This review also covers possible applications of medical waste ash in cement production, agriculture, and road construction.
自新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,医疗废弃物产生量急剧增加。焚烧法是处理医疗废物的主要方法,导致医疗废物底灰(MWBA)和医疗废物粉煤灰(MWFA)增加。本文综述了MWFA和MWBA的理化特性。这种灰烬含有大量的多氯二苯并对二恶英(PCDD)、二苯并呋喃(pcdf)和重金属。此外,在毒性特性浸出程序(TCLP)试验和欧洲标准试验(EN 12457)中,医疗废物灰似乎具有高浸出性。由于其毒性,根据所涵盖的审查,医用灰在处置前可采用各种方法进行处理。这些技术包括化学技术、超临界流体技术、水泥基技术、熔融技术、微波技术和机械化学技术。其中一些处理方法的缺点已被确定,如熔融技术排放高水平的氯,浮选法在工业规模上的应用有限,水泥基方法处理渗滤液的长期稳定性尚未得到证实,以及超临界技术的高能耗。本文还综述了医疗废灰在水泥生产、农业和道路建设等方面的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Dual system of water safety plan auditing in Hungary: benefits and lessons learnt 匈牙利水安全计划审计的双重制度:益处和经验教训
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.130
Zsuzsanna Bufa-Dőrr, Ágnes Sebestyén, Bálint Izsák, Oliver Schmoll, Tamás Pándics, Márta Vargha
Abstract A risk-based approach is recognised worldwide as the most reliable means for the provision of safe drinking water. Efficient implementation of the water safety plan (WSP) approach, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), is facilitated by an auditing framework. In Hungary, development of WSPs is a legal obligation for water suppliers. WSPs are subject to a two-stage regulatory audit, a consultative central technical audit and a formal local audit. In 2019, a survey was conducted in cooperation with WHO to evaluate audit experiences of over 1,200 WSPs. Recommendations from the central audit significantly improved coherence and compliance of WSPs, confirming the efficiency of the dual approach. The use of a WSP template provided by the national authority further increased consistency and reduced time and work demand of the audit. Both water suppliers and public health authorities indicated a need for further capacity building on WSP development and auditing. The main challenge for water suppliers is the identification and risk assessment of hazards associated with the water source and distribution within premises. The recast European Union drinking water regulation is expected to accelerate the uptake of WSP and strengthen linkages to water catchment management and water safety in buildings.
基于风险的方法是全世界公认的最可靠的提供安全饮用水的方法。审计框架有助于有效执行世界卫生组织(卫生组织)建议的水安全计划方法。在匈牙利,开发wsp是供水商的法律义务。wsp要接受两阶段的监管审计、咨询性的中央技术审计和正式的地方审计。2019年,与世卫组织合作开展了一项调查,评估了1200多家卫生服务提供商的审计经验。中央审计的建议大大提高了wsp的一致性和合规性,证实了双重方法的效率。使用国家主管部门提供的WSP模板进一步提高了一致性,减少了审计的时间和工作需求。供水商和公共卫生当局都表示,需要进一步加强WSP开发和审计方面的能力建设。供水商面临的主要挑战是查明和评估与水源和房内分配有关的危险。修订后的欧洲联盟饮用水条例预计将加速采用WSP,并加强与集水区管理和建筑物用水安全的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation and genotyping of Acanthamoeba species and Vahlkampfiidae in the harsh environmental conditions in the centre of Iran. 伊朗中部恶劣环境条件下棘阿米巴属和华蟾科的分离和基因分型。
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.203
Azam Pourabbasi Ardekan, Maryam Niyyati, Reza Saberi, Leyli Zanjirani Farahani, Marziye Fatemi

Different species of free-living amoeba (FLA) have been abundantly isolated in harsh environmental conditions such as hot springs and brackish water. The present study aimed to isolate, genotype, and evaluate the pathogenicity of FLAs in Qom Roud, a large river, in the centre of Iran. About 500 mL of water samples (n = 30) were collected from each sampling site and were investigated for the presence of FLAs using morphological and molecular characters. Genotype identification was performed using DNA sequencing and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with the MEGA X software. The pathogenic potential of all positive isolates was evaluated using the tolerance ability test. Morphological and molecular analysis indicated that 14 (46.66%) and two (6.66%) water samples were positive for Acanthamoeba species and Vahlkampfiidae, respectively. According to sequence analysis, Acanthamoeba isolates related to the T4 genotype and Vahlkampfiidae sequences were similar to Naegleria philippinensis. In the next step, thermo- and osmotolerance tests indicated four Acanthamoeba strains are extremely pathogenic. Our data showed the presence of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 genotype and N. philippinensis in the super harsh Qom Roud. Contamination of water with virulent T4 genotype of Acanthamoeba may pose risk factors for contact lens users, children, and immunocompromised people.

不同种类的自由生活变形虫(FLA)在温泉和微咸水等恶劣环境条件下被大量分离。本研究旨在分离、分型和评估伊朗中部大河Qom Roud中FLAs的致病性。从每个采样点收集约500mL的水样(n=30),并利用形态学和分子特征研究FLA的存在。使用DNA测序进行基因型鉴定,并使用MEGA X软件构建系统发育树。使用耐受能力测试评估所有阳性分离株的致病潜力。形态学和分子分析表明,14个(46.66%)和2个(6.66%)水样分别对棘阿米巴属和华蟾科呈阳性。序列分析表明,与T4基因型相关的棘阿米巴分离株与菲律宾奈格里亚棘阿米巴的Vahlkampfiidae序列相似。下一步,耐热性和渗透压耐受性测试表明,四种棘阿米巴菌株具有极强的致病性。我们的数据显示,在超严酷的Qom Roud中存在潜在致病性棘阿米巴T4基因型和菲律宾N.philippinensis。棘阿米巴毒性T4基因型的水污染可能对隐形眼镜使用者、儿童和免疫功能低下的人构成危险因素。
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引用次数: 0
lmplementation of a national regulatory framework for drinking water safety plans in Uruguay. 乌拉圭饮用水安全计划国家监管框架的实施。
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.101
Jose M P Vieira, Sandra Rodríguez, Paula Suarez, Ricardo Kramer

The establishment of national strategic frameworks for systematic scaling-up of water safety plans (WSPs) implementation needs to overcome major constraints: lack of legislation and policies, and the need for appropriate monitoring tools. In 2018, the Uruguayan regulator for energy and water services promulgated a regulation intended to ensure an ambitious and pragmatic strategy that supports and promotes WSP implementation and auditing at a national scale. The goal is to have all drinking water supply systems with their WSP implemented by 2030. For this, a demanding schedule was recommended considering the size of the drinking water supplies: (i) large systems serving more than 2,000 inhabitants and (ii) small and very small systems serving fewer than 2,000 inhabitants. A mandatory verification through internal and external audits was also established. This work describes the legal and regulatory framework as well as the challenges and opportunities that open up for the generalization of WSP implementation in Uruguay. Despite the impact of COVID-19 on working conditions for water suppliers, as for the year 2022, WSPs have been successfully implemented in 94 water systems serving more than 2.4 million people. Results of successful implementation and auditing processes are presented and discussed covering methods and outcomes.

建立系统扩大水安全计划执行的国家战略框架需要克服主要制约因素:缺乏立法和政策,以及需要适当的监测工具。2018年,乌拉圭能源和水服务监管机构颁布了一项法规,旨在确保制定一项雄心勃勃、务实的战略,支持和促进WSP在全国范围内的实施和审计。目标是到2030年实施所有饮用水供应系统及其WSP。为此,考虑到饮用水供应的规模,建议制定一个严格的时间表:(i)为2000多名居民提供服务的大型系统;(ii)为2000名居民以下提供服务的小型和非常小型系统。还建立了通过内部和外部审计进行强制性核查的机制。这项工作描述了法律和监管框架,以及在乌拉圭推广WSP实施所面临的挑战和机遇。尽管新冠肺炎对供水商的工作条件产生了影响,但截至2022年,WSP已在94个供水系统中成功实施,为240多万人提供服务。介绍并讨论了成功实施和审计过程的结果,包括方法和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices and their association with diarrhoea in under-five children in urban Chandernagore: Community-based evidence from a small municipal corporation in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India. 评估Chandernagore城市五岁以下儿童的饮水、环境卫生和个人卫生做法及其与腹泻的关系:来自印度西孟加拉邦胡格利区一家小型市政公司的社区证据。
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.262
Sayantani Chatterjee, Debojyoti Majumder, M N Roy

The study aims to understand the relationship of childhood diarrhoea (under-five children) with water, sanitation and hygiene factors in the light of other contextual factors in an urban setting in the district of Hooghly in West Bengal, India. This primary study was carried out by SIGMA Foundation, Kolkata from 4 to 24 January 2023 across 404 households having at least one under-five child. The findings suggested that the water score was 'good' in 85.1% of the households whereas the hand hygiene score was 'good' in 14.6% of households. More than 90% of the households had piped water supply. Less than half of them treated water before consumption among which 45.3% used cloths for straining water; 59.2% of the caregivers followed safe disposal of child's faeces; 66.8% of households had no handwashing arrangement, and 30.5% had taps and wash basins for handwashing; 20.3% of the under-five children had suffered from diarrhoea in the last month before the survey and its prevalence was higher in children aged 12-23 months. Multivariate results suggested diarrhoea prevalence was lower in households that were pucca and had good water and hand hygiene scores, lower in children that had received iron fortification and whose caregivers followed safe child's stool disposal.

本研究旨在根据印度西孟加拉邦胡格利区城市环境中的其他背景因素,了解儿童腹泻(五岁以下儿童)与水、环境卫生和个人卫生因素的关系。这项初步研究由加尔各答SIGMA基金会于2023年1月4日至24日在404个至少有一个五岁以下孩子的家庭中进行。调查结果表明,85.1%的家庭用水得分为“良好”,14.6%的家庭手部卫生得分为“好”。90%以上的家庭都有管道供水。不到一半的人在饮用前处理过水,其中45.3%的人用布滤水;59.2%的照顾者对儿童粪便进行了安全处理;66.8%的家庭没有洗手安排,30.5%的家庭有水龙头和洗手盆洗手;20.3%的五岁以下儿童在调查前的最后一个月患有腹泻,12-23个月儿童的腹泻患病率更高。多因素研究结果表明,在有呕吐症状、水和手卫生评分良好的家庭中,腹泻患病率较低,在接受铁强化治疗且其护理人员遵循安全儿童粪便处理的儿童中,腹泻发病率较低。
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引用次数: 0
Contamination, ecological, and human health risks of heavy metals in water from a Pb-Zn-F mining area, North Eastern Nigeria. 尼日利亚东北部Pb-Zn-F矿区水中重金属的污染、生态和人类健康风险。
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.132
Adeniyi JohnPaul Adewumi, Temitope Ayodeji Laniyan

In Nigeria, artisanal mining has become a serious issue. In the Nigerian mining region of Arufu Pb-Zn-F, this study assessed the level of pollution, ecological hazards, and health risks related to the presence of metals in the water. In the dry and rainy seasons, 36 water samples (20 from the ground, 10 from the surface, and six from the mine) were gathered. Samples were examined for the presence of heavy metals such as Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. Other than Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Cd (surface water, dry season), which were below the acceptable norm, all water samples had metals over the suggested limits. Heavy metals from nearby mining activities polluted the water, according to contamination evaluations utilizing the contamination factor (CF). Metals in the water may pose very significant ecological dangers, according to ecological risk assessments. The evaluation of human health risks revealed that both adults and children in the region are susceptible to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazards since the hazard index (HI) values for both indices were above 1 × 10-5 and above 1, respectively. This report emphasizes the need for monitoring mining operations in the nation to safeguard public health.

在尼日利亚,手工采矿已成为一个严重问题。在尼日利亚阿鲁福Pb-Zn-F矿区,这项研究评估了与水中金属存在相关的污染水平、生态危害和健康风险。在旱季和雨季,采集了36个水样(20个来自地面,10个来自地表,6个来自矿井)。检查样品是否存在重金属,如Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、as、Cd和Pb。除了Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb和Cd(地表水,旱季)低于可接受的标准外,所有水样的金属含量都超过了建议的限值。根据利用污染因子(CF)进行的污染评估,附近采矿活动产生的重金属污染了水。根据生态风险评估,水中的金属可能构成非常严重的生态危险。人类健康风险评估显示,该地区的成年人和儿童都容易受到致癌和非致癌健康危害,因为这两个指标的危害指数(HI)值分别高于1×10-5和1。这份报告强调了监测国家采矿作业以保障公众健康的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of some microbial flora contained in slaughterhouse effluent and likely to be effective in its treatment by biological process. 鉴定屠宰场废水中含有的一些微生物菌群,并可能通过生物工艺对其进行有效处理。
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.115
Esther Maurelle Ngouyamnsa Ghenmi, Djonga Weldi Gnowe, Eric Noubissie, Guy Bertrand Noumi, Ali Ahmed

The specific contributions of the different bacterial flora during the biological treatment of slaughterhouse effluents remain unclear. The objective of this study is to identify the different microbial flora which mainly contribute to the efficiency of the biodegradation of the organic, nitrogenous and phosphate loads contained in the slaughterhouse effluent during its biological treatment. To achieve this, the effluent to be treated was sampled from three slaughterhouses in the city of Ngaoundéré (Cameroon). The various effluents underwent a physicochemical and microbiological characterization. The effluent was subjected to biological treatment. The biodegradation process (biological treatment) took place in two reactors, each operating in batch. One of the two reactors was supplied with oxygen (aeration). The effluent being treated underwent a physicochemical and microbiological characterization for 30 days. The results obtained show organic matter and ammonium contents >1,000 mgO2/L in each of the three effluents. Bacillus cereus (69 × 108 CFU/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (201 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL) and Yeasts (101 × 106 CFU/mL) globally constitute the majority of microbial groups among the seven microorganisms identified in the effluents of the three slaughterhouses. There is no real oxygenation effect of the medium on the growth of the three microbial flora during the treatment.

不同菌群在屠宰场废水生物处理过程中的具体作用尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定不同的微生物区系,这些微生物区系主要有助于屠宰场污水生物处理过程中有机、含氮和磷酸盐负荷的生物降解效率。为了实现这一目标,从恩戈恩德雷市(喀麦隆)的三家屠宰场对待处理的污水进行了采样。各种流出物经过了物理化学和微生物表征。污水经过生物处理。生物降解过程(生物处理)在两个反应器中进行,每个反应器分批运行。向两个反应器中的一个反应器供应氧气(曝气)。被处理的流出物经过30天的物理化学和微生物表征。结果表明,三种废水中的有机物和铵含量均大于1000mgO2/L。蜡样芽孢杆菌(69×108CFU/mL)、铜绿假单胞菌(201×107菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL)和酵母(101×106CFU/mL。在处理过程中,培养基对三种微生物菌群的生长没有真正的氧化作用。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of combined disinfection with a nitric oxide donor in controlling biofilm formation on the reverse osmosis water pathway for hemodialysis. 一氧化氮供体联合消毒对血液透析反渗透水途径生物膜形成的控制效果
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.220
Yoshihiro Tange, Ayane Murata, Shigenori Yoshitake

The water treatment system for hemodialysis (HD) is used to treat multiple patients requiring HD simultaneously. This system requires a large amount of purified reverse osmosis (RO) water. However, a major drawback of this method is the formation of biofilms in dialysate pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of NOC 18, a nitric oxide (NO) donor that can be used at neutral pH, in disinfecting the RO water pathway. Silicone tubes were obtained from the terminal sites of two different HD units. The biofilm coverage and mean biofilm thickness on the tube lumen were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that treatment with NOC 18 alone and in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite reduced biofilm coverage and mean biofilm thickness. Thus, NO donor is a potential disinfectant that enhances bacterial dispersion from biofilms formed on the silicone tube lumen and reduces biofilm coverage and thickness on the RO water pathway at neutral pH. Furthermore, combined disinfection with the NO donor and sodium hypochlorite might enhance biofilmremoval efficacy in clinical practice.

血液透析(HD)水处理系统用于同时治疗多例需要血液透析的患者。该系统需要大量纯化的反渗透(RO)水。然而,这种方法的一个主要缺点是在透析途径中形成生物膜。本研究的目的是研究中性pH下一氧化氮(NO)供体NOC - 18对反渗透水途径的消毒效果。硅胶管是从两个不同的HD单元的末端获得的。扫描电镜观察管腔生物膜的覆盖范围和平均生物膜厚度。结果表明,单独使用NOC 18和与次氯酸钠联合处理可降低生物膜覆盖率和平均生物膜厚度。因此,一氧化氮供体是一种潜在的消毒剂,可以增强细菌在硅酮管腔内形成的生物膜上的分散,并在中性ph下减少反渗透水通路上生物膜的覆盖和厚度。此外,一氧化氮供体和次氯酸钠联合消毒可能会在临床实践中提高生物膜的去除效果。
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引用次数: 0
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