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Corrigendum: J Water Health 1 October 2021; 19 (5): 855-863. Environmental surveillance of Legionella pneumophila in hot water systems of hotels in Morocco. Abdelwahid Assaidi, Afaf Soummane, Mostafa Ellouali, Hassan Latrache, Mohammed Timinouni, Hafida Zahir, El Mostafa Mliji; https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.175. 更正:J Water Health 1 October 2021; 19 (5):855-863.摩洛哥酒店热水系统中嗜肺军团菌的环境监测。Abdelwahid Assaidi, Afaf Soummane, Mostafa Ellouali, Hassan Latrache, Mohammed Timinouni, Hafida Zahir, El Mostafa Mliji; https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.175.
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.003
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引用次数: 0
Verifying the feasibility of wastewater-based epidemiological monitoring for the small catchment and sewage networks with significant pretreatment. 验证对小型集水区和经过大量预处理的污水管网进行基于废水的流行病学监测的可行性。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.121
Daniele Sartirano, Fabio Morecchiato, Alberto Antonelli, Tommaso Lotti, Damasco Morelli, Matteo Ramazzotti, Gian Maria Rossolini, Claudio Lubello

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable tool for COVID-19 monitoring, especially as the frequency of clinical testing diminishes. Beyond COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), the tool's versatility extends to addressing various public health concerns, including antibiotic resistance and drug consumption. However, the complexity of sewage systems introduces noise when measuring chemical tracer concentrations, potentially compromising their applicability for modeling. In our study, we detail the approach adopted to determine the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) ribonucleiec acid (RNA) in wastewater from the Ponte a Niccheri wastewater treatment plant in Tuscany (Italy), with a sample size of N = 13,935 inhabitants. The unique characteristics of this wastewater system, including mandatory pretreatment in septic tanks with extended retention times, the presence of a hospital for COVID-19 patients, and mixed sewage networks, posed additional challenges. Nevertheless, our results highlight a robust and significant correlation between our measurements and the number of infections within the wastewater treatment plant's catchment area at the time of sampling. A simple linear model also shows promising results in estimating the number of infected people within the area.

废水流行病学 (WBE) 已成为 COVID-19 监测的重要工具,尤其是在临床检测频率降低的情况下。除了 COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19),该工具的多功能性还可用于解决各种公共卫生问题,包括抗生素耐药性和药物消耗。然而,由于污水系统的复杂性,在测量化学示踪剂浓度时会产生噪声,这可能会影响其在建模中的适用性。在我们的研究中,我们详细介绍了确定意大利托斯卡纳区 Ponte a Niccheri 污水处理厂废水中严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS CoV-2)核糖核酸(RNA)浓度所采用的方法,样本量为 N = 13,935 个居民。该废水系统的独特性(包括化粪池的强制预处理和较长的滞留时间)、COVID-19 患者医院的存在以及混合污水管网带来了额外的挑战。尽管如此,我们的研究结果表明,我们的测量结果与采样时污水处理厂集水区内的感染人数之间存在着稳健而显著的相关性。一个简单的线性模型在估算该地区的感染人数方面也显示出良好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Water, environment, and health nexus: understanding the risk factors for waterborne diseases in communities along the Tano River Basin, Ghana. 水、环境与健康的关系:了解加纳塔诺河流域沿岸社区水传播疾病的风险因素。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.186
Saeed Ibn Idris Kofi Yeboah, Prince Antwi-Agyei, Amos T Kabo-Bah, Nana Osei Bonsu Ackerson

Freshwater pollution is a major concern in Ghana, directly impacting human health. However, the underlying drivers of exposure and risks are not comprehensively understood, emphasizing the severity and impact of these diseases. This study assessed the interaction between water and human health, specifically focusing on the risk factors for waterborne diseases and the drivers of water pollution among residents near the Tano River Basin, Ghana. A sample size of 400 households was selected from five communities within the basin based on their proximity to the Tano River. In addition, the study combined both spatial and non-spatial data sources to map potential flood zones for the basin. The study found that inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene practices, and contamination from illegal mining were the primary causative factors of waterborne diseases. Additionally, floods and improper waste management significantly contributed to disease outbreaks. The flood susceptibility analysis indicated that areas highly susceptible to flooding cover 21.2% of the basin, predominantly in the southern part. The results highlight the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address the drivers of waterborne diseases. This study will contribute to the local authorities in developing plans to prevent waterborne diseases and mitigate their economic and public health impacts.

淡水污染是加纳的一个主要问题,直接影响人类健康。然而,人们并不全面了解造成接触和风险的根本原因,这突出了这些疾病的严重性和影响。本研究评估了水与人类健康之间的相互作用,特别关注加纳塔诺河流域附近居民的水传播疾病风险因素和水污染驱动因素。研究人员从流域内的五个社区中选取了 400 个家庭作为样本,这些社区都靠近塔诺河。此外,研究还结合空间和非空间数据来源,绘制了该流域的潜在洪水区地图。研究发现,卫生设施不足、卫生习惯差以及非法采矿造成的污染是水传播疾病的主要致病因素。此外,洪水和不当的废物管理也是导致疾病爆发的重要原因。洪水易发性分析表明,易受洪水影响的地区占流域面积的 21.2%,主要位于南部地区。研究结果突出表明,迫切需要采取综合干预措施来解决水传播疾病的诱因。这项研究将有助于地方当局制定预防水传播疾病的计划,并减轻其对经济和公共卫生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of a new rapid qPCR test for the detection of 2019-novel coronavirus nucleocapsid (N1) gene in wastewater in Roanoke and Salem VA sewersheds. 评估用于检测弗吉尼亚州罗诺克和塞勒姆下水道废水中 2019 年新型冠状病毒核头壳 (N1) 基因的新型快速 qPCR 检测方法。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.085
Lia Willow Lehrer, Anna Marie Lewis, Susan Tolliver, Marcia Degen, Rekha Singh, Sara Houser, Jayasimha Rao

The COVID-19 pandemic initiated public interest in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Public and private entities responded to the need to produce timely and accurate data. LuminUltra and Hach partnered to provide a rapid, field-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater. This study evaluates the Hach GeneCount SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater RT-qPCR Assay Kit and LuminUltra GeneCount® Q-16 RT-PCR instrument. The Hach LuminUltra methods were compared to the Promega Wizard® Enviro Total Nucleic Acid kit and Bio-Rad CFX Opus 96 Real-time PCR Detection System. Over a 12-week period, wastewater samples were collected weekly from seven locations in the Roanoke/Salem, VA sewersheds. Concentration and extraction of the viral RNA were followed by qPCR analysis. The target gene for detection was the nucleocapsid gene (N1) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Costs, ease of use, time to produce results, sample preparation, and data comparisons were considered. The comparison determined that the Hach LuminUltra method and instrument were more affordable, consumed less time, and required less technical expertise. While the new method was specific, it had low sensitivity. This evaluation suggests the Hach LuminUltra method should be reserved for limited situations requiring onsite field analysis where data accuracy is not essential.

COVID-19 大流行引发了公众对基于废水的流行病学 (WBE) 的兴趣。公共和私营机构纷纷响应及时提供准确数据的需求。LuminUltra 和 Hach 合作提供了一种基于现场的快速定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR) 测试,用于检测废水中的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。这项研究评估了 Hach GeneCount SARS-CoV-2 废水 RT-qPCR 检测试剂盒和 LuminUltra GeneCount® Q-16 RT-PCR 仪器。Hach LuminUltra 方法与 Promega Wizard® Enviro 总核酸试剂盒和 Bio-Rad CFX Opus 96 实时 PCR 检测系统进行了比较。在为期 12 周的时间里,每周从弗吉尼亚州罗诺克/塞勒姆下水道的七个地点收集废水样本。浓缩和提取病毒 RNA 后进行 qPCR 分析。检测的目标基因是 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的核壳基因 (N1)。对成本、易用性、产生结果的时间、样品制备和数据比较进行了考虑。比较结果表明,Hach LuminUltra 方法和仪器更经济实惠,耗时更短,所需的专业技术知识也更少。虽然新方法具有特异性,但灵敏度较低。评估结果表明,Hach LuminUltra 方法只适用于需要现场实地分析的有限情况,数据准确性并不重要。
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引用次数: 0
The nexus between household water insecurity, mother's handwashing practices, and diarrheal diseases among under-five children. 家庭用水不安全、母亲洗手习惯与五岁以下儿童腹泻疾病之间的关系。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.026
Abiot Abera Aydamo, Sirak Robele Gari, Seid Tiku Mereta

This study aimed to examine the association between household water insecurity (HWIS), mother's handwashing practices, and childhood diarrhea in the peri-urban and informal settlements of Hosanna town. A community-based cross-sectional study involving 424 mothers was carried out in Hosanna town, and the data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, HWISE Scale, and an observational checklist. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that the prevalence of HWIS and diarrhea among under-five children was 68.6% and 16%, respectively. Only 42.2% of the mothers had good handwashing practices. Good knowledge of handwashing, positive attitudes toward handwashing, household water security (HWS), and the presence of handwashing facilities were significantly associated with good handwashing practices. Children aged 6-11 months, HWIS, uncovered and wide-mouthed water storage containers, unsafe child's stool disposal practices, and hands not washed with soap after defecation, before preparing food, and feeding a child were significantly associated with the occurrence of diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea and HWIS was very high. The majority of the mothers had poor handwashing practices. Therefore, findings suggest interventions to improve HWS and mother's handwashing practices, which could reduce the risk of diarrheal diseases.

本研究旨在探讨霍桑纳镇城郊和非正规居住区家庭用水不安全(HWIS)、母亲洗手习惯与儿童腹泻之间的关系。这项以社区为基础的横断面研究在霍桑纳镇进行,共有 424 名母亲参与,数据收集采用了预先测试的结构式问卷、HWISE 量表和观察核对表。数据分析采用了二元和多元逻辑回归模型。研究显示,五岁以下儿童的 HWIS 和腹泻患病率分别为 68.6% 和 16%。只有 42.2% 的母亲有良好的洗手习惯。良好的洗手知识、对洗手的积极态度、家庭用水安全(HWS)和洗手设施的存在与良好的洗手习惯有显著相关性。6-11 个月大的儿童、家庭用水安全信息系统、无盖和宽口储水容器、不安全的儿童粪便处理方式、排便后、准备食物前和喂养儿童前未用肥皂洗手与腹泻的发生有显著相关性。腹泻和 HWIS 的发病率非常高。大多数母亲的洗手习惯很差。因此,研究结果建议采取干预措施,改善 HWS 和母亲的洗手习惯,从而降低腹泻疾病的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Waterborne Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in resources of MENA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 中东和北非地区资源中的水传播隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第虫:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.107
Layla Ben Ayed, Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Panagiotis Karanis

This review explores our understanding of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis distribution in Middle East and North African (MENA) water resources. Results emphasize that Cryptosporidium species (sp.) and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts are present in distinct categories of water in ten MENA countries. Cryptosporidium sp. proportional prevalence in the MENA region was 24.5% (95% CI 16.3-33.8), while G. duodenalis prevalence was 37.7% (95% CI 21.9-55.1). Raw wastewater and surface water were the water categories most significantly impacted. Both parasites were reported in the various types of MENA drinking waters. The most frequent species/genotypes reported were C. hominis, C. parvum, and G. duodenalis assemblage A. Despite the high prevalence of (oo)cysts reported, we should consider the absence of waterborne outbreaks. This indicates significant underestimation and underreporting of both parasites in MENA. Stakeholders should apply water contamination legislation to eradicate Cryptosporidium sp. and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts from water resources/categories.

这篇综述探讨了我们对中东和北非(MENA)水资源中隐孢子虫和杜氏贾第鞭毛虫分布情况的了解。结果表明,在中东和北非十个国家的不同类别的水源中都存在隐孢子虫(孢子虫)和杜氏贾第鞭毛虫(呜)囊蚴。中东和北非地区的隐孢子虫比例感染率为 24.5%(95% CI 16.3-33.8),而 G. duodenalis 感染率为 37.7%(95% CI 21.9-55.1)。原废水和地表水是受影响最严重的水类。中东和北非地区的各类饮用水中都有这两种寄生虫的报道。尽管报告的(卵)囊虫感染率很高,但我们应该考虑到没有发生水传播的疫情。这表明中东和北非地区对这两种寄生虫的估计和报告严重不足。利益相关者应适用水污染立法,以消除水资源/类别中的隐孢子虫和十二指肠球虫(oo)囊蚴。
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引用次数: 0
Metagenomic evaluation of bacteria in drinking water using full-length 16S rRNA amplicons. 利用全长 16S rRNA 扩增子对饮用水中的细菌进行元基因组学评估。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.090
William Taylor, Megan Louise Devane, Kathryn Russell, Susan Lin, Colin Roxburgh, Judy Williamson, Brent John Gilpin

Escherichia coli and total coliforms are important tools for identifying potential faecal contamination in drinking water. However, metagenomics offers a powerful approach for delving deeper into a bacterial community when E. coli or total coliforms are detected. Metagenomics can identify microbes native to water systems, track community changes and potential pathogens introduced by contamination events, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment processes. Here, we demonstrate how the dual application of traditional monitoring practices and metagenomics can improve monitoring and surveillance for water resource management. The robustness of long-read metagenomics across replicates is demonstrated by the effect and interaction between manganese filters and bacterial communities, as well as the impact of chlorination after coliform detection. These examples reveal how metagenomics can identify the complex bacterial communities in the distribution system and the source waters used to supply drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The knowledge gained increases confidence in identified causes and mitigations of potential contamination events. By exploring bacterial communities, we can gain additional insights into the impact of faecal contamination events and treatment processes. This insight enables more precise remediation actions and enhances confidence in communicating health risks to drinking water operators and the public.

大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群是识别饮用水中潜在粪便污染的重要工具。然而,当检测到大肠杆菌或总大肠菌群时,元基因组学提供了一种深入研究细菌群落的强大方法。元基因组学可以识别水系统中的原生微生物,跟踪污染事件引起的群落变化和潜在病原体,并评估处理过程的有效性。在这里,我们展示了传统监测方法和元基因组学的双重应用如何改善水资源管理的监测和监控。通过锰过滤器与细菌群落之间的影响和相互作用,以及大肠菌群检测后加氯的影响,证明了长读数元基因组学在不同重复中的稳健性。这些例子揭示了元基因组学如何识别配水系统中复杂的细菌群落以及饮用水处理厂(DWTP)的原水。所获得的知识增强了我们对潜在污染事件的原因和缓解措施的信心。通过探索细菌群落,我们可以深入了解粪便污染事件和处理过程的影响。这种洞察力有助于采取更精确的补救措施,并增强向饮用水运营商和公众传达健康风险的信心。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of groundwater hydrogeological processes, isotopic composition, and associated health risks of the Banaz (Usak) Basin, Turkey. 土耳其巴纳兹(乌萨克)盆地地下水水文地质过程、同位素组成及相关健康风险评估。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.103
Fatma Aksever

The study area covers the Banaz (Usak) basin located in the Aegean Region in the western part of Turkey. Metamorphic, sedimentary, ultramafic, and volcanic rocks are dominant in the basin. The groundwaters in the study area are used for domestic, irrigational, and industrial purposes. Hence, the groundwater chemistry and major geochemical processes in the region were determined. The dominance of major elements was of the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3- > CO3- > Cl- > SO42-. Piper, Durov, Chadha, and Radial plots identified generally Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type waters as the dominant types of water in this area. In terms of physical parameters in the basin, the waters are suitable for drinking. However, arsenic content in Yesilyurt and Corum settlements exceeds the limit values of drinking water standards. In addition, the ammonium value is high in the water sample in the Corum region. Isotope contents in water samples from 2008 to 2023 were evaluated in the study area. The waters in the basin are of meteoric origin according to their stable isotope content. Tritium content in the plain waters indicates recent recharge. Additionally, for children, As and U elements were identified as risky with oral intake and As with dermal contact.

研究区域包括位于土耳其西部爱琴海地区的巴纳兹(乌萨克)盆地。盆地内主要是变质岩、沉积岩、超基性岩和火山岩。研究区域的地下水用于生活、灌溉和工业用途。因此,对该地区的地下水化学成分和主要地球化学过程进行了测定。主要元素的优势顺序为 Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ 和 HCO3- > CO3- > Cl- > SO42-。Piper、Durov、Chadha 和 Radial 等绘图显示,Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- 类型的水是该地区的主要水体类型。从物理参数来看,该流域的水适合饮用。不过,Yesilyurt 和 Corum 居民点的砷含量超过了饮用水标准的限值。此外,科鲁姆地区水样中的铵值较高。对研究地区 2008 年至 2023 年水样中的同位素含量进行了评估。根据其稳定同位素含量,盆地中的水源为陨石水。平原水域中的氚含量表明近期有补给。此外,对儿童而言,砷和铀元素被确定为口服摄入有风险,砷被确定为皮肤接触有风险。
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引用次数: 0
How does the citizens' choice of water use actions based on their empirical knowledge affect the water quality in a rural community of the Philippines? 在菲律宾的一个农村社区,公民根据经验知识选择用水行动对水质有何影响?
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.177
Taishi Yazawa, Kenn Joshua Geroy Rubite, Princess Eden Macabata-Rubite

This research assessed water quality, based on the purpose of water consumption, in households in the municipality of Barbaza, the Province of Antique, Philippines, according to the national water quality guidelines. The effects of the empirical/traditional water use actions taken by local people on the quality of the water they use were investigated through a descriptive study using water quality measurements. Most of the drinking water in the community did not meet the required standards of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), or coliform. Tap water and well water samples generally met the pH and TDS standards. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliform were detected, and nitrogen pollution in well water was also confirmed. Local practices, such as using old clothes as filters for well pumps, increased the coliform concentration from 0-10 CFU/mL to too numerous to count (TNTC) levels of more than 100 CFU/mL. Storing well water in a bucket also affected both E. coli and coliform concentrations. Such empirical/traditional water use actions create a high risk of exposing local people to harmful microorganisms. This research integrated citizen science into the methodology for local water management, which could assist governors, practitioners, and citizens, particularly in Southeast Asia, where strong community relationships exist.

本研究根据菲律宾安提克省巴尔巴扎市家庭的用水目的,按照国家水质指南对水质进行了评估。通过使用水质测量方法进行描述性研究,调查了当地人采取的经验/传统用水方式对水质的影响。该社区的大部分饮用水在 pH 值、溶解性总固体 (TDS) 或大肠菌群方面都不符合规定的标准。自来水和井水样本一般都符合 pH 值和 TDS 标准。但是,检测到了大肠杆菌(E. coli)和大肠菌群,井水中的氮污染也得到了证实。当地的一些做法,如用旧衣服作为井泵的过滤器,使大肠菌群浓度从 0-10 CFU/mL 上升到 100 CFU/mL 以上的无法计数 (TNTC) 水平。用水桶储存井水也会影响大肠杆菌和大肠菌群的浓度。这种经验性/传统的用水方式极有可能使当地居民接触到有害微生物。这项研究将公民科学纳入了当地水资源管理的方法中,可以为管理者、从业者和公民提供帮助,尤其是在东南亚,因为那里存在着牢固的社区关系。
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引用次数: 0
Neutron activation of stable isotopes in soil and groundwater from a radionuclide production facility, South Africa. 南非放射性核素生产设施土壤和地下水中稳定同位素的中子活化。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.056
Thandazile Marazula, Ntokozo Mfanufikile Malaza, Jacobus Lodewikus Conradie, Philip Beukes

The neutron activation of stable isotopes in environmental matrices, such as soil and groundwater, is a critical aspect of assessing the impact of radionuclide production facilities on the surrounding ecosystem. The envisioned Low-Energy Radioactive Ion Beams (LERIB) facility at the iThemba LABS, South Africa is anticipated to generate significant sources of ionising radiation. The study investigated the possible repercussions of neutron irradiation stemming from the facility, focusing on the activation of stable isotopic compositions in the environment. The investigation employed a combination of experimental and analytical techniques to characterize the neutron activation products in soil and groundwater samples collected from the vicinity. Samples were collected from designated areas for background radiological measurements and were irradiated with neutrons for a period of 1 h. The induced radioactivity measured by the High Purity Germanium detector included 24Na, 22Na, 54Mn, 52Mn, and 46Sc. The application of Darcy's law for groundwater velocity suggests that radionuclides in groundwater will migrate at an average flow velocity of 0.8 m/day. The isotopes with longer half-lives have count rates at background concentrations; therefore, environmental impacts on the site and surrounding communities might be minimal.

土壤和地下水等环境基质中稳定同位素的中子活化是评估放射性核素生产设施对周围生态系统影响的一个重要方面。设想中的南非 iThemba 实验室低能量放射性离子束(LERIB)设施预计将产生大量电离辐射源。这项研究调查了该设施产生的中子辐照可能造成的影响,重点是激活环境中的稳定同位素组成。调查结合使用了实验和分析技术,以确定从附近收集的土壤和地下水样本中的中子活化产物的特征。样本从指定区域收集,用于本底辐射测量,并用中子辐照 1 小时。高纯锗探测器测量到的诱导放射性包括 24Na、22Na、54Mn、52Mn 和 46Sc。根据地下水流速的达西定律,地下水中的放射性核素将以平均每天 0.8 米的流速迁移。半衰期较长的同位素的计数率为本底浓度;因此,对现场和周围社区的环境影响可能很小。
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引用次数: 0
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