Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0111
C. Ikpendu, N. E. Udeh, L. U. Egwu, E. Orji, C. Obasi, N. Okite, S. E. Nsisong
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health and a challenge in treating infectious diseases. This has resulted in a shift of research attention to natural substances such as medicinal plants that could be a source of developing novel drugs. Combretum dolichopetalum has been reported to have antidiarrhoeal effects in rats. In this study, the antibacterial potential of different concentrations of methanolic extract of Combretum dolichopetalum was evaluated against seven pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella gallinarum, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella dysenteriae) at different concentrations using the agar well diffusion method. Antibiogram of these organisms were also carried out by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were calculated as means ± SEM. Result showed that the plant extract had significant concentration dependent antibacterial activity compared to distilled water and some known drugs (P<0.05). All concentrations showed activity against all bacteria, unlike the drugs, which had selective activity, with concentration of 400 mg/ml, showing the highest activity. Tested bacteria exhibited a high level of resistance to synthetic drugs ranging from 48% to 100%. Multi-drug resistance was also observed. S. gallinarum, B. cereus and E. coli exhibited 100% resistance to all test antibiotics. All organisms showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin-Clavulanic acid and Ceftriaxone. Results from this study show that C. dolichopetalum possesses antimicrobial activity as it inhibited growth of all test bacteria.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Combretum dolichopetalum Methanol Leaf Extract on some Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"C. Ikpendu, N. E. Udeh, L. U. Egwu, E. Orji, C. Obasi, N. Okite, S. E. Nsisong","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health and a challenge in treating infectious diseases. This has resulted in a shift of research attention to natural substances such as medicinal plants that could be a source of developing novel drugs. Combretum dolichopetalum has been reported to have antidiarrhoeal effects in rats. In this study, the antibacterial potential of different concentrations of methanolic extract of Combretum dolichopetalum was evaluated against seven pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella gallinarum, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella dysenteriae) at different concentrations using the agar well diffusion method. Antibiogram of these organisms were also carried out by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were calculated as means ± SEM. Result showed that the plant extract had significant concentration dependent antibacterial activity compared to distilled water and some known drugs (P<0.05). All concentrations showed activity against all bacteria, unlike the drugs, which had selective activity, with concentration of 400 mg/ml, showing the highest activity. Tested bacteria exhibited a high level of resistance to synthetic drugs ranging from 48% to 100%. Multi-drug resistance was also observed. S. gallinarum, B. cereus and E. coli exhibited 100% resistance to all test antibiotics. All organisms showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin-Clavulanic acid and Ceftriaxone. Results from this study show that C. dolichopetalum possesses antimicrobial activity as it inhibited growth of all test bacteria.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0130
M. O. Akpan, S. Olaogun, O. Akinniyi
Canine mange is a skin disease caused by mites that causes itching, alopecia, crusted lesions, and erythema. Studies on canine mange have been carried out in various countries, but in Nigeria, there is a dearth of studies regarding the prevalence of mange in dogs with skin lesions/conditions. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of mange cases in dogs presented with skin lesions/conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2019 (a twelve-year period). A total of 179 cases of skin lesions/conditions were retrieved from clinical case files of dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with age, breed, and sex being part of the records considered. Descriptive statistics were used in calculating prevalence, while a chi square was used to test for association. Of the 179 cases, mange was the most prevalent (87.2%; 95% CI: 82.1%–91.6%). Out of these cases of mange, 92.9% (95% CI: 89.1%–96.8%) had scabies, while 7.1% (95% CI: 3.2%–10.9%) had demodicosis. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between mange and breed or sex. The prevalence of mange was highest in old dogs (96.2%) and lowest in adult dogs (78.3%). There was a significant association between the prevalence of mange and age (P < 0.05). Canine mange is highly prevalent in dogs with skin lesions/conditions presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Dog owners should spray or dip their pets with an acaricide solution on a frequent basis to reduce mange cases. Fumigation of dog kennels and homes will also help reduce the recurrence.
{"title":"Retrospective Prevalence Study of Mange Cases in Dogs Presented with Skin Lesions/Conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (2007 to 2019)","authors":"M. O. Akpan, S. Olaogun, O. Akinniyi","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Canine mange is a skin disease caused by mites that causes itching, alopecia, crusted lesions, and erythema. Studies on canine mange have been carried out in various countries, but in Nigeria, there is a dearth of studies regarding the prevalence of mange in dogs with skin lesions/conditions. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of mange cases in dogs presented with skin lesions/conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2019 (a twelve-year period). A total of 179 cases of skin lesions/conditions were retrieved from clinical case files of dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with age, breed, and sex being part of the records considered. Descriptive statistics were used in calculating prevalence, while a chi square was used to test for association. Of the 179 cases, mange was the most prevalent (87.2%; 95% CI: 82.1%–91.6%). Out of these cases of mange, 92.9% (95% CI: 89.1%–96.8%) had scabies, while 7.1% (95% CI: 3.2%–10.9%) had demodicosis. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between mange and breed or sex. The prevalence of mange was highest in old dogs (96.2%) and lowest in adult dogs (78.3%). There was a significant association between the prevalence of mange and age (P < 0.05). Canine mange is highly prevalent in dogs with skin lesions/conditions presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Dog owners should spray or dip their pets with an acaricide solution on a frequent basis to reduce mange cases. Fumigation of dog kennels and homes will also help reduce the recurrence.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89129661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0110
K. Ogbu, M. Abdullahi, H. Momoh-Abdullateef, I. C. Chukwudi, I. Bata, K. Ezema, A. Salami, J. Sabo, P. Aiyedun, C. I. Emennaa, A.U. Ihenatuoha, M. T. Tion, R. I. Malgwi, R. Okonkwo
Canine parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious disease with fatal outcomes, in most cases populations with high morbidity and mortality rate. The study was conducted to determine the immune status of dogs vaccinated against Canine Parvovirus (CPV) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sixty randomly selected dogs were used for the study, out of which four had no level of determined antibody titre (1-2 S – unit), fifty six had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit) which comprised 24 (40%) males and 36(60%) females. Among the males, 23(95.83%) were protective while 33(91.67%) among the females were protective. A total of 17 dogs were puppies and all had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit) while 43 were adults out of which 39 (90.70%) had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit). A total of 30 dogs were sampled from each local government area out of which 28(93.33%) had protective immunity (3-6 S unit) in each local government. The breeds included in the study were Caucasian, Mongrel, Rottweiler, Lhasa, Bull mastiff and German Shepard out of which all had protective immunity 56(93.33%) (3-6 S-unit) except 4(6.67%) for Caucasian that were unprotected. Based on the number of primary vaccinations, 3 dogs had single, 4 dogs had double and 52 dogs had triple primary vaccination out of which 56 dogs had protective antibody titre (3-6 S-unit). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between sex, age, location, breeds and level of immunity while there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) between the number of primary vaccination and immune titre of the dogs sampled
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibody Titre in Dogs Vaccinated against Canine Parvovirus in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"K. Ogbu, M. Abdullahi, H. Momoh-Abdullateef, I. C. Chukwudi, I. Bata, K. Ezema, A. Salami, J. Sabo, P. Aiyedun, C. I. Emennaa, A.U. Ihenatuoha, M. T. Tion, R. I. Malgwi, R. Okonkwo","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Canine parvoviral enteritis is a highly contagious disease with fatal outcomes, in most cases populations with high morbidity and mortality rate. The study was conducted to determine the immune status of dogs vaccinated against Canine Parvovirus (CPV) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sixty randomly selected dogs were used for the study, out of which four had no level of determined antibody titre (1-2 S – unit), fifty six had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit) which comprised 24 (40%) males and 36(60%) females. Among the males, 23(95.83%) were protective while 33(91.67%) among the females were protective. A total of 17 dogs were puppies and all had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit) while 43 were adults out of which 39 (90.70%) had protective immunity (3-6 S-unit). A total of 30 dogs were sampled from each local government area out of which 28(93.33%) had protective immunity (3-6 S unit) in each local government. The breeds included in the study were Caucasian, Mongrel, Rottweiler, Lhasa, Bull mastiff and German Shepard out of which all had protective immunity 56(93.33%) (3-6 S-unit) except 4(6.67%) for Caucasian that were unprotected. Based on the number of primary vaccinations, 3 dogs had single, 4 dogs had double and 52 dogs had triple primary vaccination out of which 56 dogs had protective antibody titre (3-6 S-unit). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between sex, age, location, breeds and level of immunity while there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) between the number of primary vaccination and immune titre of the dogs sampled","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88200091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0170
A. Zaifada, S. Muhammad, Z. B. Yusuf, E. Abidoye, A. Z. Hassan
This research was conducted to analyze the analgesic effects of bupivacaine, ketamine and bupivacaine–ketamine combination on bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy, and determine a suitable regional anaesthesia. Fifteen (15) apparently healthy bitches, aged 8-12 months and weighing 10 – 15kg were procured within and around Zaria, Kaduna State for this experiment. The animals were grouped into three (3), A, B and C, screened and allowed to acclimatize to the new environment. Premedication was instituted with 0.02 mg/kg atropine sulphate and 1mg/kg Xylazine. Group A was administered an epidural injection of 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride at 1 mg/kg, Group B was administered an epidural injection of 50 mg/ml ketamine hydrochloride at 2 mg/kg and Group C was administered an epidural injection of bupivacaine and ketamine combination at 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/kg respectively. Analgesic indices determined were time to sphincter relaxation, the onset of action, duration of analgesia and duration of muscle relaxation. A standard ovariohysterectomy procedure was carried out at the onset of analgesia on each experimental animal, lasting an average of 45 minutes. Bitches in the bupivacaine group took a longer time (73 ± 18.0 secs) to sphincter relaxation which was significantly different from the other groups. Ketamine took the shortest amount of time (15 ± 3.0 secs) which was almost immediate. The onset of analgesia was the shortest (3 ± 1.0 mins) in group B with ketamine only. The combination of ketamine and bupivacaine produced a longer duration (121 ± 7.0 mins) of analgesia and significant muscle relaxation (110 ± 20.0 mins). The combination of bupivacaine and ketamine produced superior analgesic effects than those of bupivacaine or ketamine alone used for epidural injection, and sufficient for painful surgeries such as ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
{"title":"Bupivacaine, Ketamine And Bupivacaine – Ketamine Epidural Anaesthesia In Bitches Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy","authors":"A. Zaifada, S. Muhammad, Z. B. Yusuf, E. Abidoye, A. Z. Hassan","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0170","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to analyze the analgesic effects of bupivacaine, ketamine and bupivacaine–ketamine combination on bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy, and determine a suitable regional anaesthesia. Fifteen (15) apparently healthy bitches, aged 8-12 months and weighing 10 – 15kg were procured within and around Zaria, Kaduna State for this experiment. The animals were grouped into three (3), A, B and C, screened and allowed to acclimatize to the new environment. Premedication was instituted with 0.02 mg/kg atropine sulphate and 1mg/kg Xylazine. Group A was administered an epidural injection of 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride at 1 mg/kg, Group B was administered an epidural injection of 50 mg/ml ketamine hydrochloride at 2 mg/kg and Group C was administered an epidural injection of bupivacaine and ketamine combination at 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/kg respectively. Analgesic indices determined were time to sphincter relaxation, the onset of action, duration of analgesia and duration of muscle relaxation. A standard ovariohysterectomy procedure was carried out at the onset of analgesia on each experimental animal, lasting an average of 45 minutes. Bitches in the bupivacaine group took a longer time (73 ± 18.0 secs) to sphincter relaxation which was significantly different from the other groups. Ketamine took the shortest amount of time (15 ± 3.0 secs) which was almost immediate. The onset of analgesia was the shortest (3 ± 1.0 mins) in group B with ketamine only. The combination of ketamine and bupivacaine produced a longer duration (121 ± 7.0 mins) of analgesia and significant muscle relaxation (110 ± 20.0 mins). The combination of bupivacaine and ketamine produced superior analgesic effects than those of bupivacaine or ketamine alone used for epidural injection, and sufficient for painful surgeries such as ovariohysterectomy in dogs.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0140
B. Fomenky, Y. Wungak, D. Ehizibolo, A. Sada, O. Oyekan, B. Inuwa, K. C. Anyika, C. Nfon, G. H. Ularamu
Animals with cloven hooves are susceptible to highly contagious foot and mouth disease (FMD). FMD epidemics have affected several underdeveloped countries, including Nigeria. The migration of pastoralist animals has been linked to FMD transmission in Nigeria, and surveillance is essential for assessing the threat and impact of FMD, as well as the emergence of PCP-FMD. Here, we report the sero-surveillance of FMD in cattle in four states in Nigeria in 2019. Sera collected from four states (Anambra, Enugu, Imo, and Katsina) were tested for antibodies against FMD non-structural protein (NSP), with an overall prevalence of 45%. Significantly higher seroprevalence was recorded in Imo (63%), followed by Kastina (56%), Anambra (29%), and Enugu (6%). An overall serotype-specific prevalence of 81%, 35 %, 50 %, and 35% was recorded for serotypes O, A, 50% for SAT 2, and SAT 1, respectively. Furthermore, circulating antibodies against four serotypes of FMDV were found in 16% of sera samples, 20% had antibodies against three circulating serotypes, 33% had antibodies against two serotypes, and 25% showed exposure to only one serotype, indicating exposure to multiple FMD serotypes. These findings demonstrate the presence of FMDV antibodies in cattle across all surveyed states, which may be related to the presence of multiple FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1and SAT2) and concurrent co-infection in these states. Therefore, there is a need for the continuous surveillance of FMD in Nigeria. This will help ascertain the burden of the disease and enable the implementation of necessary control measures to stop its potential transmission and further spread. This sero-surveillance data expands our understanding of the FMD situation in Nigeria and is crucial for determining the country’s FMD risk in order to advance the PCP-FMD.
{"title":"Bovine Sero- surveillance of Foot- and – Mouth Disease in Four States in Nigeria","authors":"B. Fomenky, Y. Wungak, D. Ehizibolo, A. Sada, O. Oyekan, B. Inuwa, K. C. Anyika, C. Nfon, G. H. Ularamu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Animals with cloven hooves are susceptible to highly contagious foot and mouth disease (FMD). FMD epidemics have affected several underdeveloped countries, including Nigeria. The migration of pastoralist animals has been linked to FMD transmission in Nigeria, and surveillance is essential for assessing the threat and impact of FMD, as well as the emergence of PCP-FMD. Here, we report the sero-surveillance of FMD in cattle in four states in Nigeria in 2019. Sera collected from four states (Anambra, Enugu, Imo, and Katsina) were tested for antibodies against FMD non-structural protein (NSP), with an overall prevalence of 45%. Significantly higher seroprevalence was recorded in Imo (63%), followed by Kastina (56%), Anambra (29%), and Enugu (6%). An overall serotype-specific prevalence of 81%, 35 %, 50 %, and 35% was recorded for serotypes O, A, 50% for SAT 2, and SAT 1, respectively. Furthermore, circulating antibodies against four serotypes of FMDV were found in 16% of sera samples, 20% had antibodies against three circulating serotypes, 33% had antibodies against two serotypes, and 25% showed exposure to only one serotype, indicating exposure to multiple FMD serotypes. These findings demonstrate the presence of FMDV antibodies in cattle across all surveyed states, which may be related to the presence of multiple FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1and SAT2) and concurrent co-infection in these states. Therefore, there is a need for the continuous surveillance of FMD in Nigeria. This will help ascertain the burden of the disease and enable the implementation of necessary control measures to stop its potential transmission and further spread. This sero-surveillance data expands our understanding of the FMD situation in Nigeria and is crucial for determining the country’s FMD risk in order to advance the PCP-FMD.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78936707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0180
Z. B. Yusuf, A. Zaifada, D. Laku, A. Haruna
A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs
研究对象为30只1 ~ 2岁(1.65±0.47)、11 ~ 15kg(13.4±1.27)体重的尼日利亚本土公犬。它们被随机分为6组，每组5只狗。A1、B1、C1组肌肉注射剂量分别为2mg/kg、3mg/kg、4mg/kg, A2、B2、C2组直肠注射剂量分别为2mg/kg、3mg/kg、4mg/kg。测定淋巴细胞(LYM)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、单核细胞(MON)和嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)的堆积细胞体积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)和差异白细胞计数(DLC)的血液学值。统计软件包的社会科学软件版本22.0 (SPSS Inc.)。芝加哥。伊利诺斯州)。一般线性模型(GLM)采用重复测量方差分析(RM-ANOVA)，在95%的置信区间和5%的显著性水平上比较不同组的平均值。去势犬的PCV、Hb和Rbc值与种对应值比较，均在正常范围内。剂量为2mg/kg时，第2小时PCV值最低，为38.6±1.9;剂量为4mg/kg时，第9小时PCV值最高，为44.1±1.9。4mg/kg剂量组每直肠1 h Hb值最低，为12.9±0.5;2mg/kg肌肉注射组0 h Hb值最高，为15.3±0.8。第4小时Rbc值最低，为4.0±1.5，每直肠2mg/kg;第7小时最高，为6.6±0.3，每直肠2mg/kg。WBC和DLC的总白细胞计数(TLC)值也有显著差异。不同路线间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，但数值均在正常范围内。这一发现表明，使用双氯芬酸作为短期镇痛药对阉割后使用的狗的红细胞压压值没有显著变化。这一发现还表明，通过直肠途径短期使用双氯芬酸可能是安全的，并且对尼日利亚本地公犬的血液学值没有有害影响
{"title":"Haematological Changes Following Intramuscular and Per- Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Administration in Dogs undergoing Orchiectomy","authors":"Z. B. Yusuf, A. Zaifada, D. Laku, A. Haruna","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0180","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84908967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0101
A. Mobolaji, T. Barde, F. O. Oyelowo-Abdulraheem, I. Usende
Medical plants are now explored as alternative for treatment and prevention of various disease conditions. Ageratum conyzoides (A. conyzoides) is a common plant with long traditional medicinal use history. This study investigated the hypothesis that A. conyzoides protects against haematological damage and cytogenotoxicity induced by acute exposure to cyclophosphamide. A total of twenty (24) adult male Wistar rats weighing 208.50±28.3 g was randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as control group and received 0.5 ml of Tween-20 orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 2 received 0.5ml of Tween-20 orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 3 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Oral treatment was daily and lasted for 7 days. Whole blood was collected for complete blood count and assessment of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio, Monocytes-to-Lymphocytes ratio (MLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as biomarkers of systemic inflammation and immunosuppression; and bone marrow smear were analyzed for micronucleated normochromated and polychromated erythrocytes (MNNCE and MNPCE), and PCE/NCE ratio was scored as index of cytotoxicity following exposure to cycophosphamide and the protective role of A. conyzoides. Our results showed cyclophosphamide caused significant reduction in WBC, platelet, RBC, Hb and PCV values. Also, cyclophosphamide induced significant increased abnormal RBC morphophenotypes, including irregular, teardrop, macrocytes, helmet, fragmented, sickle, burr and target cells, with consequent increase in frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. Interestingly, treatment with A. conyzoides produced a significant amelioration of these cyclophosphamide-mediated effects. The mechanisms by which A. conyzoides ameliorated these toxic effects of cyclophosphamide remain to be fully investigated.
{"title":"The protective role of Ageratum conyzoides (Billy goat weed) in cyclophosphamide induced haematological damage and cytogenotoxicity","authors":"A. Mobolaji, T. Barde, F. O. Oyelowo-Abdulraheem, I. Usende","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Medical plants are now explored as alternative for treatment and prevention of various disease conditions. Ageratum conyzoides (A. conyzoides) is a common plant with long traditional medicinal use history. This study investigated the hypothesis that A. conyzoides protects against haematological damage and cytogenotoxicity induced by acute exposure to cyclophosphamide. A total of twenty (24) adult male Wistar rats weighing 208.50±28.3 g was randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as control group and received 0.5 ml of Tween-20 orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 2 received 0.5ml of Tween-20 orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 3 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Oral treatment was daily and lasted for 7 days. Whole blood was collected for complete blood count and assessment of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio, Monocytes-to-Lymphocytes ratio (MLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as biomarkers of systemic inflammation and immunosuppression; and bone marrow smear were analyzed for micronucleated normochromated and polychromated erythrocytes (MNNCE and MNPCE), and PCE/NCE ratio was scored as index of cytotoxicity following exposure to cycophosphamide and the protective role of A. conyzoides. Our results showed cyclophosphamide caused significant reduction in WBC, platelet, RBC, Hb and PCV values. Also, cyclophosphamide induced significant increased abnormal RBC morphophenotypes, including irregular, teardrop, macrocytes, helmet, fragmented, sickle, burr and target cells, with consequent increase in frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. Interestingly, treatment with A. conyzoides produced a significant amelioration of these cyclophosphamide-mediated effects. The mechanisms by which A. conyzoides ameliorated these toxic effects of cyclophosphamide remain to be fully investigated.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0190
U. A. Rayyanu, M. Olabode, H. Haliru, L. E. Logyang, D. Bwala, M. B. Bolajoko
To maintain excellent production on a farm, biosecurity is critical. Smallholder livestock producers and their animal health management practices are often perceived to increase the risk for disease incursion and spread within farms. This pilot study is aimed at assessing rural farmers’ practices and knowledge of preventive and biosecurity measures against major diseases of livestock and determining the socioeconomic impact of these diseases in these communities within Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in five Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, Nigeria. 3 major communities that rear poultry, small and large ruminants within these 5 LGAs were identified as the Berom, Tarok, and Fulani communities; from where 50 farmers were randomly selected from the list of willing farmers to participate in the present study. The farmers identified Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia and Foot and Mouth Disease as the major disease of cattle while Peste des Petits Ruminants as the major disease of small ruminants and New Castle Disease for poultry. Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia, Foot and Mouth Disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, and New Castle Disease are the diseases identified by respondents as the most economically important disease in cattle, small ruminants, and poultry respectively. 30% of the farmers do nothing in case of a Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia outbreak while 60% protect their animals through medication or isolation in case of Foot and Mouth Disease. 26% of the farmers sell out their animals in the Peste des Petits Ruminants outbreak while 50% of the respondents do nothing in case of a New Castle Disease outbreak. It is recommended that a robust and sustained awareness of the economic importance of livestock diseases, and a campaign on how to prevent, control, and institute effective biosecurity measures against the diseases are carried out in Plateau State farming communities and beyond.
{"title":"Biosecurity and Economic Impact of Major Diseases of Livestock Among Rural Farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria: A Pilot Study.","authors":"U. A. Rayyanu, M. Olabode, H. Haliru, L. E. Logyang, D. Bwala, M. B. Bolajoko","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0190","url":null,"abstract":"To maintain excellent production on a farm, biosecurity is critical. Smallholder livestock producers and their animal health management practices are often perceived to increase the risk for disease incursion and spread within farms. This pilot study is aimed at assessing rural farmers’ practices and knowledge of preventive and biosecurity measures against major diseases of livestock and determining the socioeconomic impact of these diseases in these communities within Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in five Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, Nigeria. 3 major communities that rear poultry, small and large ruminants within these 5 LGAs were identified as the Berom, Tarok, and Fulani communities; from where 50 farmers were randomly selected from the list of willing farmers to participate in the present study. The farmers identified Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia and Foot and Mouth Disease as the major disease of cattle while Peste des Petits Ruminants as the major disease of small ruminants and New Castle Disease for poultry. Contagious Bovine Pleuron Pneumonia, Foot and Mouth Disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, and New Castle Disease are the diseases identified by respondents as the most economically important disease in cattle, small ruminants, and poultry respectively. 30% of the farmers do nothing in case of a Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia outbreak while 60% protect their animals through medication or isolation in case of Foot and Mouth Disease. 26% of the farmers sell out their animals in the Peste des Petits Ruminants outbreak while 50% of the respondents do nothing in case of a New Castle Disease outbreak. It is recommended that a robust and sustained awareness of the economic importance of livestock diseases, and a campaign on how to prevent, control, and institute effective biosecurity measures against the diseases are carried out in Plateau State farming communities and beyond.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85294045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0160
A. Saleh, M. Fatihu, N. Muhammed, N. Sani, S. Abalaka, N. Ibrahim
Datura metel is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the family Solanaceae with major bioactive components such as tropane alkaloids. Several animals were reported to have manifested toxicity signs including circulatory and respiratory failure, resulting in death after consumption of the plant. The present study sought to unravel the haematological effects of D. metel leaves as well as its ameliorative potential to dimethoate toxicity. Twenty-five clinically healthy adult Wistar rats with a Mean weight of 208 ± 23 g were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I (control) received soya bean oil at 2 mg/kg while groups II, III, IV, and V received 500 mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of Datura metel (ELEDM), 30 mg/kg of dimethoate (DT), DT+ELEDM, and DT+AP, respectively, for 4 weeks. The median lethal dose (LD ) of the ELEDM 50 and DT were found to be 3950 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Generally, ELEDM and DT individually induced significant (P<0.05) alterations in the measured parameters mostly in the 3rd and 4th week. The mixture of DT+ELEDM achieved a considerable ameliorative effect. Therefore, the administration of ELEDM acted as a powerful cholinergic antagonist against the effects of toxicity induced by DT in Wistar rats. This may be useful, especially in areas where animals are prompt to DT toxicity and individuals who are occupationally exposed daily to low doses of such insecticides with poor accessibility to the antidote.
{"title":"Haematolocal Effects of Subacute Toxicity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Datura Metel Linn. and its Amelioration of Dimethoate Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Saleh, M. Fatihu, N. Muhammed, N. Sani, S. Abalaka, N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Datura metel is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the family Solanaceae with major bioactive components such as tropane alkaloids. Several animals were reported to have manifested toxicity signs including circulatory and respiratory failure, resulting in death after consumption of the plant. The present study sought to unravel the haematological effects of D. metel leaves as well as its ameliorative potential to dimethoate toxicity. Twenty-five clinically healthy adult Wistar rats with a Mean weight of 208 ± 23 g were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I (control) received soya bean oil at 2 mg/kg while groups II, III, IV, and V received 500 mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of Datura metel (ELEDM), 30 mg/kg of dimethoate (DT), DT+ELEDM, and DT+AP, respectively, for 4 weeks. The median lethal dose (LD ) of the ELEDM 50 and DT were found to be 3950 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively. Generally, ELEDM and DT individually induced significant (P<0.05) alterations in the measured parameters mostly in the 3rd and 4th week. The mixture of DT+ELEDM achieved a considerable ameliorative effect. Therefore, the administration of ELEDM acted as a powerful cholinergic antagonist against the effects of toxicity induced by DT in Wistar rats. This may be useful, especially in areas where animals are prompt to DT toxicity and individuals who are occupationally exposed daily to low doses of such insecticides with poor accessibility to the antidote.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78852913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0120
D. Yahi, Carla Saleh, Y. Mbaya, K. D. Malgwi, B. Umaru, M. B. Mahre
Rabbits are fast producing and fast-growing animals. In ancient times, they were mainly bred for household meat consumption. Nowadays, they are rare not only for household meat consumption, but also for commercial and research purposes. One of the commonly used and cost-effective drugs that are employed to effectively treat inflammatory disease conditions in rabbits is dexamethasone. There are conflicting reports on the effects of dexamethasone on bodyweight and vital parameters in different species of animals. However, influence of dexamethasone on rabbits with regard to these parameters have not been investigated. Twenty adult chinchilla rabbits comprising 10 does and 10 buck were used for this study. After acclimatization, the animals were randomly separated into 4 groups of 5 each. Accordingly, the groups were as follows: Dexamethasone treated males, non-dexamethasone treated male, Dexamethasone treated females, and non-dexamethasone treated females. Dexamethasone injection was given at 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Body weights, rectal temperatures, respiratory and pulse rates were measured daily in each animal at resting state using standard methods. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in rectal temperatures between the untreated and dexamethasone treated groups in either of the sexes during the study. Body weights, respiratory and pulse rates increased significantly (p<0.05) in dexamethasone treated groups in both sexes compared to their respective controlled groups. It was concluded that dexamethasone increased body weights, respiratory and pulse rates in Chinchilla rabbits. Effects of dexamethasone on these parameters were not sex dependent
{"title":"Effects of Dexamethasone on Body Weights and Some Physiological Parameters in different Sexes of Chinchilla Rabbits (Oryctalagus Lanigere)","authors":"D. Yahi, Carla Saleh, Y. Mbaya, K. D. Malgwi, B. Umaru, M. B. Mahre","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/3202.50.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Rabbits are fast producing and fast-growing animals. In ancient times, they were mainly bred for household meat consumption. Nowadays, they are rare not only for household meat consumption, but also for commercial and research purposes. One of the commonly used and cost-effective drugs that are employed to effectively treat inflammatory disease conditions in rabbits is dexamethasone. There are conflicting reports on the effects of dexamethasone on bodyweight and vital parameters in different species of animals. However, influence of dexamethasone on rabbits with regard to these parameters have not been investigated. Twenty adult chinchilla rabbits comprising 10 does and 10 buck were used for this study. After acclimatization, the animals were randomly separated into 4 groups of 5 each. Accordingly, the groups were as follows: Dexamethasone treated males, non-dexamethasone treated male, Dexamethasone treated females, and non-dexamethasone treated females. Dexamethasone injection was given at 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Body weights, rectal temperatures, respiratory and pulse rates were measured daily in each animal at resting state using standard methods. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in rectal temperatures between the untreated and dexamethasone treated groups in either of the sexes during the study. Body weights, respiratory and pulse rates increased significantly (p<0.05) in dexamethasone treated groups in both sexes compared to their respective controlled groups. It was concluded that dexamethasone increased body weights, respiratory and pulse rates in Chinchilla rabbits. Effects of dexamethasone on these parameters were not sex dependent","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90089860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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