Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0230
D. Araromi
Design of robust control system for any system requires model-driven approach. Therefore, it becomes imperative to develop a dynamic model suitable for controller design on safety operation of hydropower dam for power production in Kanji dam in Nigeria. Model for reservoir flow was developed in MATLAB environment using Fuzzy Based Autoregressive Moving Average Exogenous Input (FARMAX) model structure in this study. The data used for model development covered a period of ten years (2003-2013). It consists of water inflow (WI), water outflow (WO) and spillage (S). WI and S are input variables while WO was the output variable. The model obtained using the unsmoothed data with an outlier gave -14.115%, -0.302 and 610.317 for fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. Unsmoothed data with no outlier gave -13.802%, -0.295 and 608.643 corresponding to fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. The model obtained using the smoothed data in the presence of an outlier gave 80.533%, 0.962 and 104.113 for fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. Smoothed data in the absence of outlier gave 81.533%, 0.962 and 99.637 for to fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. FARMAX has the best fit value of 87.8774% when number of rules was equal to 3 with optima model order of 3 1 4 3. The model can serve as a decision support system in evaluating the optimal reservoir operation policies in real time.
{"title":"Development of Fuzzy Based Autoregressive Moving Average Exogenous Input Model for Water Flow in Nigerian Kanji Hydro-Power Dam","authors":"D. Araromi","doi":"10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0230","url":null,"abstract":"Design of robust control system for any system requires model-driven approach. Therefore, it becomes imperative to develop a dynamic model suitable for controller design on safety operation of hydropower dam for power production in Kanji dam in Nigeria. Model for reservoir flow was developed in MATLAB environment using Fuzzy Based Autoregressive Moving Average Exogenous Input (FARMAX) model structure in this study. The data used for model development covered a period of ten years (2003-2013). It consists of water inflow (WI), water outflow (WO) and spillage (S). WI and S are input variables while WO was the output variable. The model obtained using the unsmoothed data with an outlier gave -14.115%, -0.302 and 610.317 for fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. Unsmoothed data with no outlier gave -13.802%, -0.295 and 608.643 corresponding to fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. The model obtained using the smoothed data in the presence of an outlier gave 80.533%, 0.962 and 104.113 for fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. Smoothed data in the absence of outlier gave 81.533%, 0.962 and 99.637 for to fit, R2 and RMSE, respectively. FARMAX has the best fit value of 87.8774% when number of rules was equal to 3 with optima model order of 3 1 4 3. The model can serve as a decision support system in evaluating the optimal reservoir operation policies in real time.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91282703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0270
J. Ige
Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.
{"title":"Abuse of Parking Facilities and the Decay of Ikeja Central Business District, Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State","authors":"J. Ige","doi":"10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0270","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91096342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0240
M. Unah
Rapid urban growth in the federal capital of Nigeria in the last two decades has more effect on the development changes that characterized the cosmopolitan city. This has put enormous pressure on the built environment, where urban construction and transformation are taking place. The paper assessed urban growth and sustainable development of the built environment in Abuja. Its causes and consequences were investigated with respect to five {5} districts that make up the metropolis. The approach to this research is urban environmental sustainability in defining developmental change patterns for quality of the built environment research is presented, and a number of key performance indicators variables were examined. Seventy five (75) questionnaires were distributed to purposive respondents and Sixty- nine (69), accounting for 92% of the number of distributed questionnaires were retrieved and employed for data analysis. The research collected data using a uni-variated analysis on 31 rated likert of a five-point scale. Using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques, the sum weighted score (SWS), mean weighted score (MWS) and Relative Importance Index (RII) rating was obtained. Four major findings were discovered. Firstly, the predominantly building development skyline were for commercial services (MWS= 3.88). Secondly the factor of change in urban growth revolves around public building use and redevelopment of residential properties involving Increase property/Rental Value (MWS= 3.68). Thirdly the major determinants of urban growth were identified as social, economic and spatial political factors as demolition of satellite settlement (MWS=3.35) and lastly non adherence to managerial practices of building regulations enforcement and it implementation in construction. The noticeable consequences had been planning regulation/ provision (MWS=3.14) among others. The study recommended that property developer and stakeholder should adhere to designated master plan implementation and control measures while policy makers should focus more on meeting contemporary urban challenges such as rapid urbanization, balance between economic development and urban sustainability as well as environmental change.
{"title":"Urban Growth and Sustainable Development of the Built Environment in Abuja Metropolis","authors":"M. Unah","doi":"10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urban growth in the federal capital of Nigeria in the last two decades has more effect on the development changes that characterized the cosmopolitan city. This has put enormous pressure on the built environment, where urban construction and transformation are taking place. The paper assessed urban growth and sustainable development of the built environment in Abuja. Its causes and consequences were investigated with respect to five {5} districts that make up the metropolis. The approach to this research is urban environmental sustainability in defining developmental change patterns for quality of the built environment research is presented, and a number of key performance indicators variables were examined. Seventy five (75) questionnaires were distributed to purposive respondents and Sixty- nine (69), accounting for 92% of the number of distributed questionnaires were retrieved and employed for data analysis. The research collected data using a uni-variated analysis on 31 rated likert of a five-point scale. Using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques, the sum weighted score (SWS), mean weighted score (MWS) and Relative Importance Index (RII) rating was obtained. Four major findings were discovered. Firstly, the predominantly building development skyline were for commercial services (MWS= 3.88). Secondly the factor of change in urban growth revolves around public building use and redevelopment of residential properties involving Increase property/Rental Value (MWS= 3.68). Thirdly the major determinants of urban growth were identified as social, economic and spatial political factors as demolition of satellite settlement (MWS=3.35) and lastly non adherence to managerial practices of building regulations enforcement and it implementation in construction. The noticeable consequences had been planning regulation/ provision (MWS=3.14) among others. The study recommended that property developer and stakeholder should adhere to designated master plan implementation and control measures while policy makers should focus more on meeting contemporary urban challenges such as rapid urbanization, balance between economic development and urban sustainability as well as environmental change.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79383038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0280
O. Bayowa
Part of Ogbomoso Southwestern Nigeria was assessed using electrical resistivity method with a view to obtaining the subsurface geoelectric parameters (resistivities and thicknesses), categorizes the topsoil into different competence zones and evaluates the aquifer types, groundwater prospect and flow pattern. Fifty-four Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were quantitatively interpreted using the partial curve matching technique to obtain the preliminary layer parameters which were further refined through 1-D forward modelling WinResist software package. The resulting final layer parameters were used to generate 2D geoelectric sections, isopach and isoresistivity maps and subsequently used to categorize the study area into different topsoil Competence, Aquifer types and Groundwater Potential zones. Static water levels of hand-dug wells in the area were used to generate the groundwater flow pattern. Four subsurface geoelectric layers were delineated. These were the topsoil, laterite, weathered/partly weathered layer (main aquifer) and fractured/fresh bedrock. The resistivities and thicknesses of the layers were 76-1858, 649-2021, 17-880 and 260-33385 Ωm and 0.4-4, 0.7-1.9 and 1.9-25.2 m respectively. The groundwater flow pattern in the area was NE-SW. The study concluded that incompetent to highly competent topsoil, weathered bedrock (main) aquifer unit/partly weathered/fractured bedrock aquifer and generally low groundwater potential with NE-SW flow direction underlay the study area.
{"title":"Evaluation of Topsoil Competence, Aquifer Types, Groundwater Prospect and Flow Pattern using Geoelectric Characterization for Part of Ogbomoso, Nigeria","authors":"O. Bayowa","doi":"10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.70.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Part of Ogbomoso Southwestern Nigeria was assessed using electrical resistivity method with a view to obtaining the subsurface geoelectric parameters (resistivities and thicknesses), categorizes the topsoil into different competence zones and evaluates the aquifer types, groundwater prospect and flow pattern. Fifty-four Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were quantitatively interpreted using the partial curve matching technique to obtain the preliminary layer parameters which were further refined through 1-D forward modelling WinResist software package. The resulting final layer parameters were used to generate 2D geoelectric sections, isopach and isoresistivity maps and subsequently used to categorize the study area into different topsoil Competence, Aquifer types and Groundwater Potential zones. Static water levels of hand-dug wells in the area were used to generate the groundwater flow pattern. Four subsurface geoelectric layers were delineated. These were the topsoil, laterite, weathered/partly weathered layer (main aquifer) and fractured/fresh bedrock. The resistivities and thicknesses of the layers were 76-1858, 649-2021, 17-880 and 260-33385 Ωm and 0.4-4, 0.7-1.9 and 1.9-25.2 m respectively. The groundwater flow pattern in the area was NE-SW. The study concluded that incompetent to highly competent topsoil, weathered bedrock (main) aquifer unit/partly weathered/fractured bedrock aquifer and generally low groundwater potential with NE-SW flow direction underlay the study area.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81018950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0101
B. Adeyemo
The effects of dietary replacements of fish meal with soybean meal on growth performance, heamatology and serum biochemistry in juvenile Labeo cubie were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty (450) apparently healthy juvenile Laboe cubie were distributed into one of fifteen 1000 L tanks divided into five groups and fed any of diets A (0% soybean meal); B (30% soybean meal); C (40% soybean meal); D (45% soybean meal) and diet E (75% soybean meal) for 56 days. At set time points day 7, 14, 28 and day 56, five fish were randomly selected per tank for growth assessments, heamatology and serum biochemical evaluations. Growth performance indices decreased significantly (p < 0.05) along the gradient of soybean meal inclusion and the duration of feeding. The erythrocytes count increased significantly (p < 0.05) at day 14 in fish fed soybean meal diets and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) beginning at day 28 in fish fed soybean meal-based diets. The haematocrit of fish fed diets D and E were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at day 28 compared to day 56. There were no significant variations in haemoglobin concentration and the leucocytes counts (p > 0.05). The proteins, blood glucose and the transaminases increased significantly (p < 0.05) along gradient of dietary inclusion and duration of feeding in the first 28 days while creatinine kinase activity, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid concentration remained significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in fish fed the soybean meal-based diets. The results of the study show juvenile L. cubie may tolerate up to 40% dietary inclusion of soybean meal as replacement for fish meal.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Soybean (Glycine max) on Growth Performance, Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of African Carp (Labeo Cubie Ruppell 1832)","authors":"B. Adeyemo","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0101","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of dietary replacements of fish meal with soybean meal on growth performance, heamatology and serum biochemistry in juvenile Labeo cubie were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty (450) apparently healthy juvenile Laboe cubie were distributed into one of fifteen 1000 L tanks divided into five groups and fed any of diets A (0% soybean meal); B (30% soybean meal); C (40% soybean meal); D (45% soybean meal) and diet E (75% soybean meal) for 56 days. At set time points day 7, 14, 28 and day 56, five fish were randomly selected per tank for growth assessments, heamatology and serum biochemical evaluations. Growth performance indices decreased significantly (p < 0.05) along the gradient of soybean meal inclusion and the duration of feeding. The erythrocytes count increased significantly (p < 0.05) at day 14 in fish fed soybean meal diets and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) beginning at day 28 in fish fed soybean meal-based diets. The haematocrit of fish fed diets D and E were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at day 28 compared to day 56. There were no significant variations in haemoglobin concentration and the leucocytes counts (p > 0.05). The proteins, blood glucose and the transaminases increased significantly (p < 0.05) along gradient of dietary inclusion and duration of feeding in the first 28 days while creatinine kinase activity, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid concentration remained significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in fish fed the soybean meal-based diets. The results of the study show juvenile L. cubie may tolerate up to 40% dietary inclusion of soybean meal as replacement for fish meal.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85225104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0120
M. Mustapha, P. Goel
The most widespread ailments in dogs are urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacterial species. It is necessary to recognize the prevailing bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to effectively treat UTIs. The present study aimed to classify the bacterial organism that causes UTIs in dogs and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 141 urine samples were collected from diseased dogs in Veterinary Clinical Complex LUVAS in Hisar, India. Culture, biochemical and sensitivity testing were performed for each of the urine samples based on standard method. Of the total 141 urine samples from dogs, 21 (14.9%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxytetracycline (100%), enrofloxacin (85.7%), chloramphenicol (80.6%), ceftriaxone (76.2%) and cloxacillin (71.4%), while susceptibility was observed against gentamicin (100%), amikacin (100%) and neomycin (90.5%). In the current study, 19 out of 21 identified isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. This study indicates that dogs in the study area are found to harbor highly resistant Klebsiella spp. Therefore, when deciding on the antibiotic regimen for UTIs cases, Vets should consider resistance profile of chosen antibacterial agents before usage in order to discourage dissemination of resistant organisms in the study area.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Uropathogenic Klebsiella spp in Dogs","authors":"M. Mustapha, P. Goel","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0120","url":null,"abstract":"The most widespread ailments in dogs are urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacterial species. It is necessary to recognize the prevailing bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to effectively treat UTIs. The present study aimed to classify the bacterial organism that causes UTIs in dogs and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 141 urine samples were collected from diseased dogs in Veterinary Clinical Complex LUVAS in Hisar, India. Culture, biochemical and sensitivity testing were performed for each of the urine samples based on standard method. Of the total 141 urine samples from dogs, 21 (14.9%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxytetracycline (100%), enrofloxacin (85.7%), chloramphenicol (80.6%), ceftriaxone (76.2%) and cloxacillin (71.4%), while susceptibility was observed against gentamicin (100%), amikacin (100%) and neomycin (90.5%). In the current study, 19 out of 21 identified isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. This study indicates that dogs in the study area are found to harbor highly resistant Klebsiella spp. Therefore, when deciding on the antibiotic regimen for UTIs cases, Vets should consider resistance profile of chosen antibacterial agents before usage in order to discourage dissemination of resistant organisms in the study area.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78902912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0170
J. Obande
Pineal region tumours may affect only a relatively small subset of neurosurgical patients, but they present enormous surgical challenge to the neurosurgeon due to their inaccessibly deep locations and compounded by the complex surrounding neurovascular structures. We present a case report of a patient who had combination chemoradiation without histological diagnosis but had complete tumour regression. Cyclical combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin and radiotherapy followed pre- chemoradiation ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion for obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient’s clinical condition improved following the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion as walking became re-established. Post – chemoradiotherapy cranial CT scan showed complete tumour regression. Tissue diagnosis may allow for precise, targeted management of pineal region tumours. However, in the absence of facilities which enable safe neurosurgery, resorting to the traditional chemo-radiation is still a viable alternative
{"title":"Pineal Region Brain Tumour Treatment Revisited: A Case Report","authors":"J. Obande","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0170","url":null,"abstract":"Pineal region tumours may affect only a relatively small subset of neurosurgical patients, but they present enormous surgical challenge to the neurosurgeon due to their inaccessibly deep locations and compounded by the complex surrounding neurovascular structures. We present a case report of a patient who had combination chemoradiation without histological diagnosis but had complete tumour regression. Cyclical combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin and radiotherapy followed pre- chemoradiation ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion for obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient’s clinical condition improved following the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion as walking became re-established. Post – chemoradiotherapy cranial CT scan showed complete tumour regression. Tissue diagnosis may allow for precise, targeted management of pineal region tumours. However, in the absence of facilities which enable safe neurosurgery, resorting to the traditional chemo-radiation is still a viable alternative","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0160
Hyellavala Joseph Fomnya
The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD50 and LD0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Toxicity Studies on the Methanol Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen) Root Bark in Mice","authors":"Hyellavala Joseph Fomnya","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0160","url":null,"abstract":"The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD50 and LD0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76661740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0141
C. R. Unigwe
Phyllanthus amarus is an important medicinal plant that is widely distributed in all tropical and subtropical regions of the planet and has the ability to prevent and treat several human and animal diseases but has been associated with pathological defects on various organs on dose-dependent pattern. This study was carried out to evaluate Phyllanthus amarus leaf meal (PALM) for hepato-nephro-protective potentials in broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty (120) day old marshal broiler chickens were used for the experiment that lasted for 56 days. The birds were randomly allotted to five treatments of T0 (control, no PALM), T1 (2.5g/kg PALM), T2 (5.0g/kg PALM), T3 (7.5g/kg PALM) and T4 (10g/kg PALM) in a complete randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated thrice with 8 birds per replicate. The birds were fed with commercial Top® feed and water was given ad-libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood was aseptically collected via venipuncture from a randomly selected bird per replicate to determine the serum biochemical parameters and later was humanely sacrificed for organs harvest. The liver and kidney were carefully dissected out and fixed in buffered 10% formalin for histological study. The biochemical data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and statistical difference in means was separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The histo-pathological slides were interpreted by experts. ALT for T1 – T4 were statistically similar but differed significantly (P<0.05) from T1 . The ALP, however, showed T2 – T4 differing significantly (P<0.05) from T0 and T1 . The uric acid was highest in T4 and differed significantly (P<0.05) from other groups. The urea was highest in quantity in T3 and T4 and as well differed significantly (P<0.05) from other treatments. Therefore, the results showed significant differences (P<0.05) across treatment groups except for AST. PALM gradually increased the ALT, ALP, uric acid and urea in a dose dependent manner across treatments except urea that slightly decreased at T4 . The findings indicated that the PALM had varied time and dose dependent pathological effects on the liver and kidney of treated groups. It can therefore be concluded that PALM enhances serum biochemical parameters and has deleterious effects on the cyto-architecture of liver and kidney. It is recommended that PALM (crude) up to 2.5 g/kg should not be administered protractedly in chickens since it could constitute damage to visceral organs.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0130
J. Shawulu
The anatomical structure of phonation in the domestic chicken Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl, forma domestica) of both sexes was studied to determine sex variations in structures. Ten (10) birds, involving 5 males and 5 females were obtained from a local market for student demonstrations and used for this study. Tracheal rings were observed to be made of circular cartilages numbering thirty and above with the distal most (1/5) tracheal rings narrowed, calcified and fused as the tympanum making part of the Syrinx. The rings become calcified and somewhat collapsed through the bronchial bifurcations. When squeezed, the trachea collapsed completely between fingers but could at releasing the fingers be raised up due to elastic components separating the rings from one another. Other structures involved in vocalization includes straps of muscles. Male structures involved in respiration and vocalization were well formed compared to those of the female. Both tracheobronchialis lateralis and ventralis muscles were thicker than those of the female. Male tracheobronchialis ventralis and dorsalis muscles were well formed and spindle shaped. However, the female tracheobronchialis muscles were seen to be wider compared to the male. The vocal organs (voice box) were seen to be arbitrarily triangular in structure at the bifurcation of the trachea in both sexes. The male Syringeal walls were thinner and were seen to have marked inter Pessula space. The Pessulus mark an abrupt change from the circular trachea to strongly elliptical entrances to the bronchi. It was concluded that the differences in the thinness of syringeal walls coupled with differences between the males and females in other tracheal muscles might be responsible for the stronger vocalization in the male.
{"title":"Preliminary Qualitative Evaluation of the Anatomical Structures for Vocalization in the Chicken (Gallus gallus domestica)","authors":"J. Shawulu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0130","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomical structure of phonation in the domestic chicken Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl, forma domestica) of both sexes was studied to determine sex variations in structures. Ten (10) birds, involving 5 males and 5 females were obtained from a local market for student demonstrations and used for this study. Tracheal rings were observed to be made of circular cartilages numbering thirty and above with the distal most (1/5) tracheal rings narrowed, calcified and fused as the tympanum making part of the Syrinx. The rings become calcified and somewhat collapsed through the bronchial bifurcations. When squeezed, the trachea collapsed completely between fingers but could at releasing the fingers be raised up due to elastic components separating the rings from one another. Other structures involved in vocalization includes straps of muscles. Male structures involved in respiration and vocalization were well formed compared to those of the female. Both tracheobronchialis lateralis and ventralis muscles were thicker than those of the female. Male tracheobronchialis ventralis and dorsalis muscles were well formed and spindle shaped. However, the female tracheobronchialis muscles were seen to be wider compared to the male. The vocal organs (voice box) were seen to be arbitrarily triangular in structure at the bifurcation of the trachea in both sexes. The male Syringeal walls were thinner and were seen to have marked inter Pessula space. The Pessulus mark an abrupt change from the circular trachea to strongly elliptical entrances to the bronchi. It was concluded that the differences in the thinness of syringeal walls coupled with differences between the males and females in other tracheal muscles might be responsible for the stronger vocalization in the male.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79874844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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