Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0261
J. Omeje, J.S Akinbobols
The sensitivity of trypanosome isolates from naturally infected pigs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone was evaluated in mice at two dose levels each of diminazene aceturate (7 and 28 mg/kg body weight) and isometamidium chloride (0.25 and 2 mg/kg) using the infection and treatment methods. Multiple drug resistance was prevalent in the trypanosome isolates, as all 18 isolates (16 T. brucei and 2 T. congolense) tested were resistant to both diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg b.w) and isometamidium chloride (0.25 mg/ kg b.w,), at the low dose levels tested. Sixteen of the isolates resisted the high dose levels of diminazene aceturate (28 mg/kg b.w), while six isolates were resistant to isometamidium chloride (2 mg/kg b.w). It was concluded that trypanosome isolates from pigs in the study area exhibited resistance to both diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride, the two most commonly used trypanocides in the area. This phenomenon constitutes serious threat to chemotherapeutic control of swine trypanosomosis in particular and animal trypanosomosis in general in Enugu North Senatorial Zone.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Trypanosome Isolates From Pigs In Enugu North Senatorial Zone of Enugu State To Diminazene Aceturate And Isometamidium Chloride","authors":"J. Omeje, J.S Akinbobols","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0261","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of trypanosome isolates from naturally infected pigs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone was evaluated in mice at two dose levels each of diminazene aceturate (7 and 28 mg/kg body weight) and isometamidium chloride (0.25 and 2 mg/kg) using the infection and treatment methods. Multiple drug resistance was prevalent in the trypanosome isolates, as all 18 isolates (16 T. brucei and 2 T. congolense) tested were resistant to both diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg b.w) and isometamidium chloride (0.25 mg/ kg b.w,), at the low dose levels tested. Sixteen of the isolates resisted the high dose levels of diminazene aceturate (28 mg/kg b.w), while six isolates were resistant to isometamidium chloride (2 mg/kg b.w). It was concluded that trypanosome isolates from pigs in the study area exhibited resistance to both diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride, the two most commonly used trypanocides in the area. This phenomenon constitutes serious threat to chemotherapeutic control of swine trypanosomosis in particular and animal trypanosomosis in general in Enugu North Senatorial Zone.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85564489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0251
Turaki U.A, Zaifada, A.U, Alkali, H.A, Galadima
The prevalence and effects of parasitic infections on hematological indices of horses in royal house of Gombe was studied. A total of 150 male horses were used for the study (January to March, 2017). Blood, feces and skin scrapings were collected from each horse and examined using various standard laboratory procedures. The coprological results showed that Ascaris accounted for 10% (15), flatworms (fasciola) 4% (6) and hookworms 4.6% (7). The skin scrapings, Mange accounted for 4 (2.6%), and ticks 8 (5.3%) while hemoparasitological analysis showed that Babesia accounted for 5 (3.33%). The blood indices showed that horses infected by parasites have significantly (p<0.05) lower RBC PCV, HB, and platelets compared to non infected horses while the WBC values increased significantly (p<0.05) due to immune-cellular response to the parasitic infection. The findings showed that parasitism is a problem in the stables examined and calls for proper stable hygiene, improved management practice, regular and strategic parasite monitoring and deworming programmes in order to achieve improved health and performance.
{"title":"Prevalence of Parasitic Infections on Hematological Indices of Horses in the Gombe Royal Houses","authors":"Turaki U.A, Zaifada, A.U, Alkali, H.A, Galadima","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0251","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and effects of parasitic infections on hematological indices of horses in royal house of Gombe was studied. A total of 150 male horses were used for the study (January to March, 2017). Blood, feces and skin scrapings were collected from each horse and examined using various standard laboratory procedures. The coprological results showed that Ascaris accounted for 10% (15), flatworms (fasciola) 4% (6) and hookworms 4.6% (7). The skin scrapings, Mange accounted for 4 (2.6%), and ticks 8 (5.3%) while hemoparasitological analysis showed that Babesia accounted for 5 (3.33%). The blood indices showed that horses infected by parasites have significantly (p<0.05) lower RBC PCV, HB, and platelets compared to non infected horses while the WBC values increased significantly (p<0.05) due to immune-cellular response to the parasitic infection. The findings showed that parasitism is a problem in the stables examined and calls for proper stable hygiene, improved management practice, regular and strategic parasite monitoring and deworming programmes in order to achieve improved health and performance.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82331236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0231
B. Mofio, O. Adeyanju
Palm Oil contains high content of carotenoids and is a rich source of vitamin E consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols which are well known nutritional antioxidants. Lipid oxidation has seriously limited the stability of palm oil resulting in rancidity. Therefore this work evaluates the antioxidant potential of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) on Palm oil stability. Monodora myristica extract was obtained by maceration technique using n-hexane as solvent. Equal volumes of Palm oil obtained from one source were treated with different volumes (0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0ml) of African Nutmeg extract using syringe. Two experimental groups were prepared. A group were placed under the sun (S.S) and the other group in a room (S.R) for a period of two weeks. These treated oil samples were analyzed by titration, on weekly basis to determine the free fatty acid content and acid value. Results obtained showed that for the two groups of treated Palm oil, the free fatty acid content and acid value increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) at lower volumes of extract and as the period (week) extends. The free fatty acid content and acid value of oil samples treated with higher extract volumes decreased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) for both groups (S.S and S.R). However all the values were higher than pre-treatment values. Hence, Monodora myristica extract reduces effect of lipid oxidation on palm oil and consequently increases its stability.
{"title":"Evaluation of The Antioxidant Potentials of African Nutmeg (Monodora Myristica) Extraction Palm Oil Stability","authors":"B. Mofio, O. Adeyanju","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Palm Oil contains high content of carotenoids and is a rich source of vitamin E consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols which are well known nutritional antioxidants. Lipid oxidation has seriously limited the stability of palm oil resulting in rancidity. Therefore this work evaluates the antioxidant potential of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) on Palm oil stability. Monodora myristica extract was obtained by maceration technique using n-hexane as solvent. Equal volumes of Palm oil obtained from one source were treated with different volumes (0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0ml) of African Nutmeg extract using syringe. Two experimental groups were prepared. A group were placed under the sun (S.S) and the other group in a room (S.R) for a period of two weeks. These treated oil samples were analyzed by titration, on weekly basis to determine the free fatty acid content and acid value. Results obtained showed that for the two groups of treated Palm oil, the free fatty acid content and acid value increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) at lower volumes of extract and as the period (week) extends. The free fatty acid content and acid value of oil samples treated with higher extract volumes decreased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) for both groups (S.S and S.R). However all the values were higher than pre-treatment values. Hence, Monodora myristica extract reduces effect of lipid oxidation on palm oil and consequently increases its stability.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88953780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0241
J. Omeje, J. Akinbobola
A cross sectional survey of trypanosomosis of pigs was carried out in three randomly selected Local Government Areas (Nsukka, Udenu and Igbo Eze South) out of the six local government areas in Enugu North Senatorial Zone. Blood samples were randomly collected from a total of 1800 pigs from abattoirs and farms and were examined for trypanosomes parasites using standard parasitological methods: wet film, buffy coat and Giemsa-stained thin smear preparations. A total of 93 (5.2%) pigs were positive overall. Among the positive samples, Trypanosoma brucei was the predominant species (86.0%), followed by T. congolense (13.9%). The different relative isolation rate for Nsukka, Igbo-Eze South and Udenu Local government areas were 14 (4.7%), 14 (4.7%), and 19 (4.0%) respectively in the dry season, and 17 (5.7%), 17 (5.7%) and 12 (6.3%) in the rainy season respectively. The trypanosome prevalence in males from Nsukka, Igbo-Eze South and Udenu local governments were 6.5%, 6.2% and 4.2% respectively, while report in female were 3.8%, 4.1% and 5.9% in the three local governments respectively. There was no significant variations (p<0.05) with seasons, sex and age groups. It was therefore concluded that porcine trypanosomosis is still endemic in Enugu North Senatorial Zone with T. brucei being the most incriminated as the cause of the disease in the zone.
{"title":"A Survey of Trypanosome Species Circulating In Pigs In Three Selected Local Government District of Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Omeje, J. Akinbobola","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0241","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional survey of trypanosomosis of pigs was carried out in three randomly selected Local Government Areas (Nsukka, Udenu and Igbo Eze South) out of the six local government areas in Enugu North Senatorial Zone. Blood samples were randomly collected from a total of 1800 pigs from abattoirs and farms and were examined for trypanosomes parasites using standard parasitological methods: wet film, buffy coat and Giemsa-stained thin smear preparations. A total of 93 (5.2%) pigs were positive overall. Among the positive samples, Trypanosoma brucei was the predominant species (86.0%), followed by T. congolense (13.9%). The different relative isolation rate for Nsukka, Igbo-Eze South and Udenu Local government areas were 14 (4.7%), 14 (4.7%), and 19 (4.0%) respectively in the dry season, and 17 (5.7%), 17 (5.7%) and 12 (6.3%) in the rainy season respectively. The trypanosome prevalence in males from Nsukka, Igbo-Eze South and Udenu local governments were 6.5%, 6.2% and 4.2% respectively, while report in female were 3.8%, 4.1% and 5.9% in the three local governments respectively. There was no significant variations (p<0.05) with seasons, sex and age groups. It was therefore concluded that porcine trypanosomosis is still endemic in Enugu North Senatorial Zone with T. brucei being the most incriminated as the cause of the disease in the zone.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89566399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0280
R. M. Korzerzer
In this study, the testes of African striped ground squirrels (Xerus erythropus)obtained between the months of January and May were studied at histological level using Haematoxilin and Eosin stain, Masson Trichome stain and Periodic acid Schiff to examine the histo-architechure, collagen and glycogen localizations in the testes respectively. The results showed that the testes had finely arranged cells within the seminiferous tubules which were positive for both Masson-trichome and Periodic acid shiff by reacting to the blue and magenta colours respectively. However, the histoarchitechture of the testes did not show spermatogenic activity. In conclusion, the testes of African striped ground squirrel obtained between the months of January and May did not show detailed spermatogenic activity. This suggests that the squirrel is a seasonal breeding rodent with a dormant reproductive phase occurring around January to May. The testes also contains cells that express glycogen which suggests that energy in form of glycogen may be needed for the initiation of spermatogenesis.
{"title":"Histological Study On The Testes of African Striped Ground Squirrel (Xerus Erythropus)","authors":"R. M. Korzerzer","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0280","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the testes of African striped ground squirrels (Xerus erythropus)obtained between the months of January and May were studied at histological level using Haematoxilin and Eosin stain, Masson Trichome stain and Periodic acid Schiff to examine the histo-architechure, collagen and glycogen localizations in the testes respectively. The results showed that the testes had finely arranged cells within the seminiferous tubules which were positive for both Masson-trichome and Periodic acid shiff by reacting to the blue and magenta colours respectively. However, the histoarchitechture of the testes did not show spermatogenic activity. In conclusion, the testes of African striped ground squirrel obtained between the months of January and May did not show detailed spermatogenic activity. This suggests that the squirrel is a seasonal breeding rodent with a dormant reproductive phase occurring around January to May. The testes also contains cells that express glycogen which suggests that energy in form of glycogen may be needed for the initiation of spermatogenesis.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83117049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0211
L. Raji
The study was carried out to evaluate the significance of ultrasound in the early detection of testicular pathology in the West African Dwarf (WAD) buck; hormonal, morphological and morphometric studies were used as correlates. Twelve matured WAD bucks divided into two groups (of 6 per group); A—control, B — bucks with right testis spermatic cord ligated for four weeks were used for this study. Testicular ultrasound protocols were carried on the Longitudinal Planes (LP) and Transverse Planes (TP) on both testes. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein twice a week for four weeks and assayed for testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH) concentrations. The testes were harvested after four weeks and carefully separated from the epididymides for gross and histological studies. Results revealed that 24 hours post induction of testicular pathology, inflammation of the right testes of the group B bucks was detected by ultrasound as hypo-echoic (dark) regions covering about two-third of the entire testis while the non-ligated testes appeared mostly homogeneously greyish on the TP. By the end of the fourth week the entire ligated testes were inflamed and appeared hypo-echoic with some areas of fibrosis on the TP and LP. The LH and FSH concentrations increased while there were no significant changes in testosterone concentrations. There were marked reduction in testicular and epididymal weights and sizes in group B bucks. The group B bucks testes showed complete loss of testicular architecture while the Leydig cells were intact. In conclusion, testicular ultrasound was valuable in the early detection of the induced testicular pathology (which hormonal, morphological and morphometric studies confirmed), hence should be adopted as part of the BSE programme of the WAD buck.
{"title":"Ultrasonographic, Hormonal, Morphological And Morphometric Correlate Studies of Induced Testicular Pathology In West African Dwarf Goat Bucks.","authors":"L. Raji","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0211","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to evaluate the significance of ultrasound in the early detection of testicular pathology in the West African Dwarf (WAD) buck; hormonal, morphological and\u0000morphometric studies were used as correlates. Twelve matured WAD bucks divided into two groups (of 6 per group); A—control, B — bucks with right testis spermatic cord ligated for four weeks were used for this study. Testicular ultrasound protocols were carried on the Longitudinal Planes (LP) and Transverse Planes (TP) on both testes. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein twice a week for four weeks and assayed for testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FSH) concentrations. The testes were harvested after four weeks and carefully separated from the epididymides for gross and histological studies. Results revealed that 24 hours post induction of testicular pathology, inflammation of the right testes of the group B bucks was detected by ultrasound as hypo-echoic (dark) regions covering about two-third of the entire testis while the non-ligated testes appeared mostly homogeneously greyish on the TP. By the end of the fourth week the entire ligated testes were inflamed and appeared hypo-echoic with some areas of fibrosis on the TP and LP. The LH and FSH concentrations increased while there were no significant changes in testosterone concentrations. There were marked reduction in testicular and epididymal weights and sizes in group B bucks. The group B bucks testes showed complete loss of testicular architecture while the Leydig cells were intact. In conclusion, testicular ultrasound was valuable in the early detection of the induced testicular pathology (which hormonal, morphological and morphometric studies confirmed), hence should be adopted as part of the BSE programme of the WAD buck.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0230
L. Adeniran
One hundred poultry feed samples comprising of commercially produced poultry feed (48) and poultry feed compounded by farmers (privately milled) (52) were collected from farms located in Minna and analysed for Ochratoxin A (OTA), a member of group 2 possible carcinogen by High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. Thirty seven percent of the commercial poultry feeds were contaminated with OTA at a range of 0 -236.73ug/kg while hundred percent of privately made feed were contaminated with OTA at a range of 22.76-226.5lug/kg. The finding of this investigation showed that 71% (71/100) of the sampled poultry feed has OTA concentrations which was far in excess of the maximum permissible limit of 5ug/kg (the European Union Standard). This is of serious health concern to the birds and humans that consume the poultry products.
{"title":"Detection of Ochratoxin A From Poultry Feed Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","authors":"L. Adeniran","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0230","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred poultry feed samples comprising of commercially produced poultry feed (48) and poultry feed compounded by farmers (privately milled) (52) were collected from farms located in Minna and analysed for Ochratoxin A (OTA), a member of group 2 possible carcinogen by High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. Thirty seven percent of the commercial poultry feeds were contaminated with OTA at a range of 0 -236.73ug/kg while hundred percent of privately made feed were contaminated with OTA at a range of 22.76-226.5lug/kg. The finding of this investigation showed that 71% (71/100) of the sampled poultry feed has OTA concentrations which was far in excess of the maximum permissible limit of 5ug/kg (the European Union Standard). This is of serious health concern to the birds and humans that consume the poultry products.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85211769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0221
Y. Dauda
Camel, rabbit, cat, ferrets, minks, koala and meadow moles are induced ovulators requiring copulation to trigger the ovulatory process and the estrous cycle differs from that of other domestic animals. The estrous cycle in these animals composed of follicular recruitment, follicular growth, follicular maturity and follicular regression phase. These animals are variously reared as companion, fur-bearing and meat animals. Among these, the camel is the most valuable and classical induced ovulator which is rear not only for milk and meat, but as work animal and contributes effectively to the welfare of people in harsh and difficult environments. As a classical induced ovulatory, camelid has cycling receptivity with distinctive estrus but requires mating in order to ovulate. The other classes of induced ovulators like cats and ferrets require both the presence of male to achieve behavioral estrus and actual copulation to ovulate. The camel has good prospects of survival as a suitable livestock for projects of sustainable agriculture and animal production under harsh desert or arid conditions. However the reproductive nature of camels presents a huge challenge to camel husbandry. The natural constraints include the long period of attaining puberty, limited breeding season, difficulties in induced ovulation, long gestation period and inter-calving intervals. Efforts to improve the reproductive efficiency of the female camel are closely related to a better understanding of the folliculogenesis or follicular wave pattern. Many investigators might not be aware of the peculiar reproductive information available about this animal species. A working knowledge of ovarian function or estrous cycle will be of immense importance to the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and enhancements of reproduction in camelids. This work presents the overview of estrous cycle in camel as a classical example of induced ovulators with the aim of providing current knowledge to the reader and to stimulate wider research interest in camel research and reproduction.
{"title":"Estrous Cycle of Induced Ovulators: Lesson From The Camel — A Review","authors":"Y. Dauda","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0221","url":null,"abstract":"Camel, rabbit, cat, ferrets, minks, koala and meadow moles are induced ovulators requiring copulation to trigger the ovulatory process and the estrous cycle differs from that of other domestic animals. The estrous cycle in these animals composed of follicular recruitment, follicular growth, follicular maturity and follicular regression phase. These animals are variously reared as companion, fur-bearing and meat animals. Among these, the camel is the most valuable and classical induced ovulator which is rear not only for milk and meat, but as work animal and contributes effectively to the welfare of people in harsh and difficult environments. As a classical induced ovulatory, camelid has cycling receptivity with distinctive estrus but requires mating in order to ovulate. The other classes of induced ovulators like cats and ferrets require both the presence of male to achieve behavioral estrus and actual copulation to ovulate. The camel has good prospects of survival as a suitable livestock for projects of sustainable agriculture and animal production under harsh desert or arid conditions. However the reproductive nature of camels presents a huge challenge to camel husbandry. The natural constraints include the long period of attaining puberty, limited breeding season, difficulties in induced ovulation, long gestation period and inter-calving intervals. Efforts to improve the reproductive efficiency of the female camel are closely related to a better understanding of the folliculogenesis or follicular wave pattern. Many investigators might not be aware of the peculiar reproductive information available about this animal species. A working knowledge of ovarian function or estrous cycle will be of immense importance to the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and enhancements of reproduction in camelids. This work presents the overview of estrous cycle in camel as a classical example of induced ovulators with the aim of providing current knowledge to the reader and to stimulate wider research interest in camel research and reproduction.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0260
S. Ola-Fadunsin
Multiple parasitic co-infections are a normal occurrence in animals. A ten year (2006-2015) data of parasitic diseases diagnosed in the major Veterinary clinics in Osun state was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. The prevalence of parasitic diseases co-infection, the epidemiological risk factors and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient associated with parasitic diseases co-infection was carried out to determine the dynamics of canine parasitic diseases in Osun State. A significant number of dogs were diagnosed with two or more parasitic infections at the same time. Exotic breed of dogs recorded a significant (P<0.05) lower prevalence of parasitic disease co-infections compared to indigenous and cross breeds. Young dogs were more prone to multiple parasite co-infections compared to growing and adult dogs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) within gender as it pertains to multiple parasitic diseases co-infection. Higher number of parasite co-infections was recorded during the wet season than the dry season. There was a positive correlation between the occurrence of tick infestation with babesiosis, and tick infestation with ehrlichiosis. There is need for an improved Veterinary medical attention and hygienic practices given to dogs in the study area as multiple parasitic diseases co-infection could cause severe and adverse effect on the health, reproduction and performance of dogs.
{"title":"Co-infection Dynamics of Canine Parasitic Diseases In Osun State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Approach.","authors":"S. Ola-Fadunsin","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0260","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple parasitic co-infections are a normal occurrence in animals. A ten year (2006-2015) data of parasitic diseases diagnosed in the major Veterinary clinics in Osun state was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. The prevalence of parasitic diseases co-infection, the epidemiological risk factors and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient associated with parasitic diseases co-infection was carried out to determine the dynamics of canine parasitic diseases in Osun State. A significant number of dogs were diagnosed with two or more parasitic infections at the same time. Exotic breed of dogs recorded a significant (P<0.05) lower prevalence of parasitic disease co-infections compared to indigenous and cross breeds. Young dogs were more prone to multiple parasite co-infections compared to growing and adult dogs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) within gender as it pertains to multiple parasitic diseases co-infection. Higher number of parasite co-infections was recorded during the wet season than the dry season. There was a positive correlation between the occurrence of tick infestation with babesiosis, and tick infestation with ehrlichiosis. There is need for an improved Veterinary medical attention and hygienic practices given to dogs in the study area as multiple parasitic diseases co-infection could cause severe and adverse effect on the health, reproduction and performance of dogs.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91325617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0210
S. Abalaka
sudden mortality which lasted for seven days with the peak on the third day, was investigated in vaccinated 3-week old pullet chicks. Signs of depression, ruffled feathers, sneezing, huddling together and pasted vents with about 50% morbidity were observed. While chicks were off feed. Vaccination history against Marek’s and Newcastle diseases was reportedly up to date. The first dose of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccination was done 12 days before the onset of the outbreak preparatory to the second dose. Detailed post mortem examinations showed multifocal petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages on the breast and thigh muscles with swollen, oedematous and haemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius in affected chicks. The bursa of Fabricius showed diffuse lymphoid depletion with multifocal vacuolations and eosinophilic cystic follicles. Similar diffuse lymphoid depletion and cytoplasmic vacuolation with fibrinous exudation were also present in then spleen, Serological analysis revealed 88.23% IBD antibody positive sera in affected pullets 16 days after cessation of mortality. A diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease outbreak was made based on the observed pathological presentations along with the clinical signs, typical spiked mortality pattern, and serological titre. These findings highlighted the need for continuous pathological investigations as a ready diagnostic tool in vaccinated and unvaccinated pullet chicks in Nigeria where Infectious bursal disease has become endemic.
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