Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0240
M. M. Onakpa, B. Akanbi, V. O. Kolawole, D. Olayemi, L. A. Adeniran, J. Ode, O. Ajagbonna
Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals and fibres. They have beneficial anti-oxidative effects. The consumption of vegetables containing heavy metals is a significant cause of many diseases. In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals in the frequently consumed vegetables sold in Gwagwalada central market , Abuja, Nigeria was investigated. Quantitative analysis of heavy metals was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration level of lead showed that cucumber, cabbage, banana, lettuce, green peas, carrot, and onion had 8.65 ± 1.1, 0.0, 100.40 ± 10.0, 68.00 ± 7.0, 64.76 ± 5.8, 61.28 ± 5.6, and 8.92± 1.1, respectively. There was no traceable level of nickel in the fruits and vegetables while cadmium was observed to be 0.10 ± 0.1 in cabbage alone. The study showed that the fruits and vegetables sampled were contaminated with heavy metals higher than the WHO permissible limits.
{"title":"A Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Some Vegetables sold in Gwagwalada Central Market, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"M. M. Onakpa, B. Akanbi, V. O. Kolawole, D. Olayemi, L. A. Adeniran, J. Ode, O. Ajagbonna","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals and fibres. They have beneficial anti-oxidative effects. The consumption of vegetables containing heavy metals is a significant cause of many diseases. In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals in the frequently consumed vegetables sold in Gwagwalada central market , Abuja, Nigeria was investigated. Quantitative analysis of heavy metals was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentration level of lead showed that cucumber, cabbage, banana, lettuce, green peas, carrot, and onion had 8.65 ± 1.1, 0.0, 100.40 ± 10.0, 68.00 ± 7.0, 64.76 ± 5.8, 61.28 ± 5.6, and 8.92± 1.1, respectively. There was no traceable level of nickel in the fruits and vegetables while cadmium was observed to be 0.10 ± 0.1 in cabbage alone. The study showed that the fruits and vegetables sampled were contaminated with heavy metals higher than the WHO permissible limits.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84150996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0220
A. M. Saidu, S. Fadason, G. E. Ochube, S. Adamu
Ruminant welfare post-surgery could be improved by employing a procedural technique that causes minimal surgical stress. A total of twenty-four (n = 24) Kano Brown goats (KBGs) aged 1–2 years, weighing an average of 15.52 kg, were recruited for the study. Rumen skin clamp fixation (RSCF) and a stay suture rumenotomy (SSR) in lateral recumbency while standing restraint rumenotomy was aided by a locally fabricated mobile small ruminant surgical chute (MSRSC) were performed in groups A, B, and D, respectively, as control group C had no surgery. Six goats were allocated to each group such that each group had 3 males and females that were positive for rumen foreign body impaction (RFBI), except goats in group C that were free of RFBI. Pre- and post-rumenotomy values of vital parameters did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The group A serum IL-6 concentrations at 72 hours post-rumenotomy (61.21 ± 44.52 ng/L) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in group D (15.24 ± 3.09 ng/L) among the female KBGs. The concentrations of IL-6 at week 1 post-rumenotomy in group A were significantly higher (65.05 ± 31.11 ng/L) than in groups B (15.86 ± 0.29), D (18.75 ± 5.81) and C (14.86 ± 0.79 ng/L). The lack of significant changes in the mean values of rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate implies that the standing rumenotomy utilizing the MSRSC did not vary in surgical stress severity from the conventional approaches; RSCF and SSR, done in lateral recumbency. The IL-6 in group D was lower when compared to the values in group A females at 72 hours and at week 1 for the male KBGs, suggesting profound surgical stress among females and males in groups A and B over group D. Standing restraints cause less surgical stress than lateral recumbency restraints, making it a better procedural approach for rumenotomy in goats.
{"title":"Rumenotomy-induced Stress of Standing and Lateral Recumbency Restraints based on Physiologic Parameters and Interleukin-6 Expressions in Kano-Brown Goats","authors":"A. M. Saidu, S. Fadason, G. E. Ochube, S. Adamu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0220","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminant welfare post-surgery could be improved by employing a procedural technique that causes minimal surgical stress. A total of twenty-four (n = 24) Kano Brown goats (KBGs) aged 1–2 years, weighing an average of 15.52 kg, were recruited for the study. Rumen skin clamp fixation (RSCF) and a stay suture rumenotomy (SSR) in lateral recumbency while standing restraint rumenotomy was aided by a locally fabricated mobile small ruminant surgical chute (MSRSC) were performed in groups A, B, and D, respectively, as control group C had no surgery. Six goats were allocated to each group such that each group had 3 males and females that were positive for rumen foreign body impaction (RFBI), except goats in group C that were free of RFBI. Pre- and post-rumenotomy values of vital parameters did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The group A serum IL-6 concentrations at 72 hours post-rumenotomy (61.21 ± 44.52 ng/L) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in group D (15.24 ± 3.09 ng/L) among the female KBGs. The concentrations of IL-6 at week 1 post-rumenotomy in group A were significantly higher (65.05 ± 31.11 ng/L) than in groups B (15.86 ± 0.29), D (18.75 ± 5.81) and C (14.86 ± 0.79 ng/L). The lack of significant changes in the mean values of rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate implies that the standing rumenotomy utilizing the MSRSC did not vary in surgical stress severity from the conventional approaches; RSCF and SSR, done in lateral recumbency. The IL-6 in group D was lower when compared to the values in group A females at 72 hours and at week 1 for the male KBGs, suggesting profound surgical stress among females and males in groups A and B over group D. Standing restraints cause less surgical stress than lateral recumbency restraints, making it a better procedural approach for rumenotomy in goats.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82759070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0270
S. A. Madubuike, B. N. Magdalene, H. Momoh-Abdullateef, B. Adah, J. Ode
Dermatophytes produce keratinases that dissolve the keratinous tissues of the skin and hairs; inflammation is caused by the host’s response to metabolic by products. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify dermatophytes from the skin of cattle presented for slaughter at Zango abattoir, Zaria, Nigeria. Samples were aseptically collected from twenty (20) cattle, cultured at room temperature for one to four weeks in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Growth from pure SDA cultures were sub-cultured on Potato dextrose agar and further incubated at room temperature for one to four weeks. Twelve animals were positive for dermatophytes either by microscopy, culture or both, thus producing an incidence of 60% with respect to the total number of the samples investigated (20). One (1) sample was positive by microscopy but eleven (11) were positive by both microscopy and culture. A large spectrum of dermatophytes consisting of eight species were recovered in the study. They were mostly zoophilic species which included M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, M. distortum and T. gallinae. Others were Geophilic specie (M. gypseum) and Anthropophilic species (T. soudanense and T. rubrum). M. canis was the most predominant species consisting of 41.7%. This study clearly demonstrated that cattle dermatophytoses in the study location was caused by different dermatophyte species with M. canis as the most prevalent. Some of the organisms are zoonotic, with public health relevance to animal handlers and butchers.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from the Skin of Cattle Presented for Slaughter at Zango Abattoir, Zaria, Kaduna State","authors":"S. A. Madubuike, B. N. Magdalene, H. Momoh-Abdullateef, B. Adah, J. Ode","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0270","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophytes produce keratinases that dissolve the keratinous tissues of the skin and hairs; inflammation is caused by the host’s response to metabolic by products. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify dermatophytes from the skin of cattle presented for slaughter at Zango abattoir, Zaria, Nigeria. Samples were aseptically collected from twenty (20) cattle, cultured at room temperature for one to four weeks in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Growth from pure SDA cultures were sub-cultured on Potato dextrose agar and further incubated at room temperature for one to four weeks. Twelve animals were positive for dermatophytes either by microscopy, culture or both, thus producing an incidence of 60% with respect to the total number of the samples investigated (20). One (1) sample was positive by microscopy but eleven (11) were positive by both microscopy and culture. A large spectrum of dermatophytes consisting of eight species were recovered in the study. They were mostly zoophilic species which included M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, M. distortum and T. gallinae. Others were Geophilic specie (M. gypseum) and Anthropophilic species (T. soudanense and T. rubrum). M. canis was the most predominant species consisting of 41.7%. This study clearly demonstrated that cattle dermatophytoses in the study location was caused by different dermatophyte species with M. canis as the most prevalent. Some of the organisms are zoonotic, with public health relevance to animal handlers and butchers.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90299975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0250
M. A. Adeiza, D.M Areo, H. Olabode, W. Yiltawe
Foot and Mouth Disease is a contagious viral disease of cattle and sheep, causing ulceration of the hoofs and around the mouth. The role of small ruminants in FMD epidemiology is still poorly understood in Nigeria. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) antibodies in sheep and goats slaughtered in Karu abattoir. One hundred and twenty (120) sera each were collected from both sheep and goats and screened for FMDV antibodies using 3ABC ELISA. The result showed that 89 (74.2) of the sheep sera screened were positive for FMDV antibodies whereas 103 (85.8) of the goat sera were positive. It was more prevalent in goats. The finding indicates a characteristic maintenance host nature for FMD virus in small ruminants without apparent clinical signs. This study suggested an on-going infection in small ruminant co-herding with cattle as a risk factor. This risk factor may enhance FMD transmission associated with increased movement of infected live animals from endemic states to markets and abattoirs following livestock trade activities. FMD is a Transboundary Animal Disease (TAD) affecting livestock production and disrupting regional and international trade in animals and animal products. The detection of FMD antibodies in sheep and goats slaughtered in Karu abattoir suggests small ruminants play important roles in the epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria. Good tracking of origin and proper surveillance system for FMD in animals brought into the abbatoir to be slaughtered are recommended for a comprehensive prevention and control of the disease.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goat) Slaughtered in Karu Abbatoir, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.","authors":"M. A. Adeiza, D.M Areo, H. Olabode, W. Yiltawe","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0250","url":null,"abstract":"Foot and Mouth Disease is a contagious viral disease of cattle and sheep, causing ulceration of the hoofs and around the mouth. The role of small ruminants in FMD epidemiology is still poorly understood in Nigeria. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) antibodies in sheep and goats slaughtered in Karu abattoir. One hundred and twenty (120) sera each were collected from both sheep and goats and screened for FMDV antibodies using 3ABC ELISA. The result showed that 89 (74.2) of the sheep sera screened were positive for FMDV antibodies whereas 103 (85.8) of the goat sera were positive. It was more prevalent in goats. The finding indicates a characteristic maintenance host nature for FMD virus in small ruminants without apparent clinical signs. This study suggested an on-going infection in small ruminant co-herding with cattle as a risk factor. This risk factor may enhance FMD transmission associated with increased movement of infected live animals from endemic states to markets and abattoirs following livestock trade activities. FMD is a Transboundary Animal Disease (TAD) affecting livestock production and disrupting regional and international trade in animals and animal products. The detection of FMD antibodies in sheep and goats slaughtered in Karu abattoir suggests small ruminants play important roles in the epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria. Good tracking of origin and proper surveillance system for FMD in animals brought into the abbatoir to be slaughtered are recommended for a comprehensive prevention and control of the disease.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0280
I. Usende, M. B. Mofio, M. Azeez, F. O. Oyelowo-Abdulraheem, C. Osinachi, A. Agbonu, R. Attah, A. Mobolaji, O. Tenuche
Land filling is a common method of managing solid wastes around the world and this method of waste management causes nuisance to the environment through the release of chemical laden landfill gases and leachates that can affect multiple organ systems including the male reproductive system. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of 21 days exposure of Gwagwalada landfill leachate on sexual behaviour, reproductive hormonal imbalance, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserve depletion and histopathology of the testis and epididymis of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) adults male Wistar rats were used and randomly selected into two (2) groups. Group A were fed with normal rat chow and tap water as drinking water ad libitum while Group B were fed with normal rat chow and 10% of Gwagwalada landfill leachate as drinking water ad libitum. Exposure was for 21 days. Results showed that exposure to GLL induced decreased mount frequency and increased mount latency as well as decreased serum concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone. Also, there was marked weight loss of the testis (especially the left) with different morpho-phenotypic pathologies of the testis and epididymis. The present study has demonstrated the detrimental effects of Gwagwalada landfill leachate to adult males.
{"title":"Sexual Behavioral Deficit and some Reproductive Abnormalities in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Landfill Leachate","authors":"I. Usende, M. B. Mofio, M. Azeez, F. O. Oyelowo-Abdulraheem, C. Osinachi, A. Agbonu, R. Attah, A. Mobolaji, O. Tenuche","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Land filling is a common method of managing solid wastes around the world and this method of waste management causes nuisance to the environment through the release of chemical laden landfill gases and leachates that can affect multiple organ systems including the male reproductive system. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of 21 days exposure of Gwagwalada landfill leachate on sexual behaviour, reproductive hormonal imbalance, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserve depletion and histopathology of the testis and epididymis of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) adults male Wistar rats were used and randomly selected into two (2) groups. Group A were fed with normal rat chow and tap water as drinking water ad libitum while Group B were fed with normal rat chow and 10% of Gwagwalada landfill leachate as drinking water ad libitum. Exposure was for 21 days. Results showed that exposure to GLL induced decreased mount frequency and increased mount latency as well as decreased serum concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone. Also, there was marked weight loss of the testis (especially the left) with different morpho-phenotypic pathologies of the testis and epididymis. The present study has demonstrated the detrimental effects of Gwagwalada landfill leachate to adult males.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76484210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0210
N. Sani, H. Saulawa, I. Ugochukwu, A. Saleh, S. Abalaka, O. Tenuche, S. Idoko, M. A. Adeiza, H. Abdulsalam
Neoplasms constitute a major health challenge in animals and man worldwide. However, to the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of neoplasms in companion animals in Abuja, Nigeria, has not been determined. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence of neoplasms in companion animals in Abuja, Nigeria. Case records from 2015 to 2020 from two renowned Veterinary Clinics in Abuja, were examined for cases of neoplasms. Data on the species, breed, sex, age, month and year of occurrence, organ(s) affected, methods of diagnosis, and treatment approach, were extracted and summarized into percentages. A total of 24 cases were recorded with 21 (87.5%) in dogs and 3 (12.5%) in cats. The highest prevalence of neoplasms was in German Shepherd (19.1%) followed by Boerboel (14.3%) and Caucasian (9.5%). In dogs, the prevalence of neoplasms was higher in males (57.1%) than females (42.9%), whereas in cats, the prevalence was higher in females (66.7%) than males (33.3%). The mean age of dogs diagnosed with neoplasms in this study was 6.56 years (SEM=1.21) while the mean age of affected cats was 10 years (SEM=0.00). The commonest types of neoplasms in dogs were papilloma (38.1%) and mast cell tumor (28.6%). The three neoplasms diagnosed in cats were mammary gland carcinoma (33.3%), lipoma (33.3%), and fibrosarcoma (33.3%). In dogs, 90.5% of the cases of neoplasms were diagnosed by physical examination only. However, in addition to physical examination in cats, 66.7% of the cases of neoplasms were diagnosed by histopathology, while 33.3% of the cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography. In this study, surgical excision was the commonest method of treatment of neoplasms in both dogs (76.2%) and cats (66.7%). There is a need for the provision of diagnostic facilities to aid the confirmatory diagnosis of neoplasms in dogs and cats in the study area.
{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Neoplasms of Companion Animals In Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"N. Sani, H. Saulawa, I. Ugochukwu, A. Saleh, S. Abalaka, O. Tenuche, S. Idoko, M. A. Adeiza, H. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasms constitute a major health challenge in animals and man worldwide. However, to the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of neoplasms in companion animals in Abuja, Nigeria, has not been determined. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence of neoplasms in companion animals in Abuja, Nigeria. Case records from 2015 to 2020 from two renowned Veterinary Clinics in Abuja, were examined for cases of neoplasms. Data on the species, breed, sex, age, month and year of occurrence, organ(s) affected, methods of diagnosis, and treatment approach, were extracted and summarized into percentages. A total of 24 cases were recorded with 21 (87.5%) in dogs and 3 (12.5%) in cats. The highest prevalence of neoplasms was in German Shepherd (19.1%) followed by Boerboel (14.3%) and Caucasian (9.5%). In dogs, the prevalence of neoplasms was higher in males (57.1%) than females (42.9%), whereas in cats, the prevalence was higher in females (66.7%) than males (33.3%). The mean age of dogs diagnosed with neoplasms in this study was 6.56 years (SEM=1.21) while the mean age of affected cats was 10 years (SEM=0.00). The commonest types of neoplasms in dogs were papilloma (38.1%) and mast cell tumor (28.6%). The three neoplasms diagnosed in cats were mammary gland carcinoma (33.3%), lipoma (33.3%), and fibrosarcoma (33.3%). In dogs, 90.5% of the cases of neoplasms were diagnosed by physical examination only. However, in addition to physical examination in cats, 66.7% of the cases of neoplasms were diagnosed by histopathology, while 33.3% of the cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography. In this study, surgical excision was the commonest method of treatment of neoplasms in both dogs (76.2%) and cats (66.7%). There is a need for the provision of diagnostic facilities to aid the confirmatory diagnosis of neoplasms in dogs and cats in the study area.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85086361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0260
S. Agunbiade-Olu, A. Raji, M. O. Udeh, K. Eniola, B. Tanimomo, A. Ezekwesili, B. Adeyemo, C. Alawa
Clarias gariepinus catfish is an important fish farmed in West African. However, the successful culture of this fish is hampered by the ever-increasing cost of feed. Study was conducted to exploit the compensatory growth patterns that has been reported in fish and to determine the effects of intermittent feed deprivation and refeeding on the production performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. One hundred and sixty (160) juvenile fish (80 ± 23 g; 23.55 ± 7.31 cm) were randomly distributed into four 200-liter aquaria labeled A, B, C and D. Fish in group A (the control) were fed continuously; fish in group B, were subjected to a 3-days feed deprivation and 3-days refeeding regimen; fish in group C, were subjected to a 5-days feed deprivation and 5-days refeeding regimen; and fish in group D were subjected to a 5-days feed deprivation and 7-days refeeding regimen. Growth parameters were measured in all groups for 98 days. Results shows that there were no significant variations (p > 0.05) in the final weight gained by fish in group B compared to fish in group A. Fish in groups C and D exhibited compensatory growth and had significantly higher weight gains compared to fish in group A. Fish in group B exhibited the highest compensation coefficient of 2.348 compared with 2.212 and 1.287 for groups C and D respectively. It is concluded that juvenile Clarias gariepinus can be produced following a feed deprivation and refeeding regimen, without significantly affecting its growth and production performance. The economic implication of this strategy is that production can be maximized while significantly reducing the cost of feeding. It is recommended that a 5-days feed deprivation and 5-days refeeding regimen be employed as this results in high weight gain at a reduced cost.
{"title":"Growth and Production implications of a 3-days and 5-days Intermittent Feed Deprivation and Re-feeding Strategies in Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Catfish Farming","authors":"S. Agunbiade-Olu, A. Raji, M. O. Udeh, K. Eniola, B. Tanimomo, A. Ezekwesili, B. Adeyemo, C. Alawa","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0260","url":null,"abstract":"Clarias gariepinus catfish is an important fish farmed in West African. However, the successful culture of this fish is hampered by the ever-increasing cost of feed. Study was conducted to exploit the compensatory growth patterns that has been reported in fish and to determine the effects of intermittent feed deprivation and refeeding on the production performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. One hundred and sixty (160) juvenile fish (80 ± 23 g; 23.55 ± 7.31 cm) were randomly distributed into four 200-liter aquaria labeled A, B, C and D. Fish in group A (the control) were fed continuously; fish in group B, were subjected to a 3-days feed deprivation and 3-days refeeding regimen; fish in group C, were subjected to a 5-days feed deprivation and 5-days refeeding regimen; and fish in group D were subjected to a 5-days feed deprivation and 7-days refeeding regimen. Growth parameters were measured in all groups for 98 days. Results shows that there were no significant variations (p > 0.05) in the final weight gained by fish in group B compared to fish in group A. Fish in groups C and D exhibited compensatory growth and had significantly higher weight gains compared to fish in group A. Fish in group B exhibited the highest compensation coefficient of 2.348 compared with 2.212 and 1.287 for groups C and D respectively. It is concluded that juvenile Clarias gariepinus can be produced following a feed deprivation and refeeding regimen, without significantly affecting its growth and production performance. The economic implication of this strategy is that production can be maximized while significantly reducing the cost of feeding. It is recommended that a 5-days feed deprivation and 5-days refeeding regimen be employed as this results in high weight gain at a reduced cost.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76710552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0230
F. Nwinyi, A. Uti, A. Mohammed
Peptic ulcer disease is one of the commonest gastrointestinal diseases in the world and several orthodox drugs have been employed for the treatment of this disease. Although effective, some of these drugs produce adverse effects with a great tendency for the disease to reoccur. Hence, the need for further screening of medicinal plants for potential antiulcer activity and as sources for antiulcer lead compounds. Andira inermis is one of the plants identified to be used traditionally in ulcer-related conditions. This research work was aimed at evaluating the peptic ulcer-protective effects of aqueous-methanol stem bark extract of A. inermis in rats with acetylsalicylic acid and cold stress-induced ulceration. Adult Wistar rats were grouped into 5 of five rats each. Rats in Group A were administered normal saline (30 ml/kg i.p) to serve as the negative control. Rats in groups B, C and D were pretreated with the graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p). Rats in group E were treated with Cimetidine (100 mg/kg i.p) to serve as the positive control group. Thirty minutes post-treatment, ulceration was induced with acetylsalicylic acid (150 mg/kg p.o) and all the rats were subjected to cold restrain stress for a 4h period. The rats were then sacrificed humanely and their stomachs were excised for gross examination and scoring of ulcer indices. The mean ulcer indices, percentage severity of ulceration and percentage ulcer protection were determined using corresponding calculations. The results revealed that acetylsalicylic acid combined with cold stress caused mostly marked congestion, gross erosions and deep ulcers with ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages on the gastric mucosa of the rats treated with normal saline (30 ml/kg i.p.). The aqueous methanol stem bark extract of A. inermis significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the formation of these lesions. The extract caused increased secretion of mucous on the gastric mucosa of rats and a dose-dependent reduction in ulcer indices. This was significant (p < 0.05) at the dose of 400 mg/kg i.p of the extract. The extract, at graded doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p produced percent ulcer protection of 60.0%, 73.3%, and 80.0% respectively. This was comparable to Cimetidine which showed a percent ulcer protection of 86.7%. This shows that the stem bark extract of Andira inermis possesses gastro-protective effects and has the potential to be developed as an agent for the treatment of peptic ulcers..
{"title":"Evaluation of Aqueous -Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Andira inermis for Peptic Ulcer-Protective Activity in Rats","authors":"F. Nwinyi, A. Uti, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0230","url":null,"abstract":"Peptic ulcer disease is one of the commonest gastrointestinal diseases in the world and several orthodox drugs have been employed for the treatment of this disease. Although effective, some of these drugs produce adverse effects with a great tendency for the disease to reoccur. Hence, the need for further screening of medicinal plants for potential antiulcer activity and as sources for antiulcer lead compounds. Andira inermis is one of the plants identified to be used traditionally in ulcer-related conditions. This research work was aimed at evaluating the peptic ulcer-protective effects of aqueous-methanol stem bark extract of A. inermis in rats with acetylsalicylic acid and cold stress-induced ulceration. Adult Wistar rats were grouped into 5 of five rats each. Rats in Group A were administered normal saline (30 ml/kg i.p) to serve as the negative control. Rats in groups B, C and D were pretreated with the graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p). Rats in group E were treated with Cimetidine (100 mg/kg i.p) to serve as the positive control group. Thirty minutes post-treatment, ulceration was induced with acetylsalicylic acid (150 mg/kg p.o) and all the rats were subjected to cold restrain stress for a 4h period. The rats were then sacrificed humanely and their stomachs were excised for gross examination and scoring of ulcer indices. The mean ulcer indices, percentage severity of ulceration and percentage ulcer protection were determined using corresponding calculations. The results revealed that acetylsalicylic acid combined with cold stress caused mostly marked congestion, gross erosions and deep ulcers with ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages on the gastric mucosa of the rats treated with normal saline (30 ml/kg i.p.). The aqueous methanol stem bark extract of A. inermis significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the formation of these lesions. The extract caused increased secretion of mucous on the gastric mucosa of rats and a dose-dependent reduction in ulcer indices. This was significant (p < 0.05) at the dose of 400 mg/kg i.p of the extract. The extract, at graded doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p produced percent ulcer protection of 60.0%, 73.3%, and 80.0% respectively. This was comparable to Cimetidine which showed a percent ulcer protection of 86.7%. This shows that the stem bark extract of Andira inermis possesses gastro-protective effects and has the potential to be developed as an agent for the treatment of peptic ulcers..","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75713524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0110
I. C. Chibuogwu
Naturally mated and artificially inseminated Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) hens’ eggs reproductive indices were investigated to evaluate natural mating or artificial insemination techniques for breeding quails in local farms. A total of 141 (108 hens and 33 cocks) matured quails of about 11 weeks of age were used for the experiment, of which 54 hens were inseminated with Citric-quail egg albumen extended semen collected from 15 fertile cocks. Another 54 hens were naturally mated by another 18 fertile cocks in a ratio of one cock to three hens (1:3). Eggs collected from both naturally mated and artificially inseminated birds were incubated for 18 days. The percentage of incubated eggs that were fertile when candled on the 7th and 12th day and hatch-out analysis after the 18th day of incubation tested fertility. Hatchability was tested by the percentage number of fertile eggs that hatched. Naturally mated and artificially inseminated hens’ eggs had a fertility of 84.0 % and 73.3 %, and a hatchability of 82.5 % and 85.5 %, respectively. The study revealed no significant difference in the frequency of fertile or hatched Japanese quail eggs (χ2 cal < χ critical at 5% or 1% level of probability). Naturally mated and artificially inseminated birds had relative fertile egg rates of 53.4 % and 46.6 %, respectively, and relative egg hatching rates of 52.5% and 47.5 %, respectively. Artificial insemination had the advantage of introducing the same volume of semen to more quail hens than a single cock in a natural mating process. However, natural mating was recommended over artificial insemination in the study area because of the technical constraints that required more workforce and amenities in the insemination process. The authors recommended research on developing restraint instruments and non-electrical semen storage methods for quail birds. The authors also proposed a restraint model for quail birds
通过对日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)自然交配和人工授精母鸡的卵子生殖指数进行研究，评价自然交配和人工授精技术在当地鹌鹑养殖中的应用。试验选用11周龄左右的成熟鹌鹑141只(母鸡108只，公鸡33只)，其中54只母鸡用15只可育公鸡的柠檬鹌鹑蛋蛋白扩展精液进行受精。另有54只母鸡由另外18只可生育的公鸡自然交配，比例为1公3母(1:3)。从自然交配和人工授精的鸟类中收集鸡蛋，孵育18天。第7天和第12天的孵卵率和第18天的出孵率测定了孵卵率。可孵化性是通过孵化出的受精卵的百分比来测试的。自然配种和人工授精的鸡蛋受精率分别为84.0%和73.3%，孵化率分别为82.5%和85.5%。研究显示，日本鹌鹑受精卵和孵化蛋的频率无显著差异(χ2 cal < χ在5%或1%概率水平上的临界值)。自然交配和人工授精的相对受精率分别为53.4%和46.6%，相对孵蛋率分别为52.5%和47.5%。人工授精的优点是，在自然交配过程中，与一只公鸡相比，它可以向更多的鹌鹑母鸡提供相同数量的精液。然而，由于技术限制，在人工授精过程中需要更多的劳动力和便利设施，因此在研究区域推荐自然交配而不是人工授精。作者建议研究开发鹌鹑约束仪器和非电性精液储存方法。作者还提出了一个鹌鹑约束模型
{"title":"Reproductive Indices of Naturally Mated and Artificially Inseminated Quail Hens (Coturnix japonica): Is Artificial Insemination of Japanese Quail Hens Feasible in a Local Setting?","authors":"I. C. Chibuogwu","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally mated and artificially inseminated Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) hens’ eggs reproductive indices were investigated to evaluate natural mating or artificial insemination techniques for breeding quails in local farms. A total of 141 (108 hens and 33 cocks) matured quails of about 11 weeks of age were used for the experiment, of which 54 hens were inseminated with Citric-quail egg albumen extended semen collected from 15 fertile cocks. Another 54 hens were naturally mated by another 18 fertile cocks in a ratio of one cock to three hens (1:3). Eggs collected from both naturally mated and artificially inseminated birds were incubated for 18 days. The percentage of incubated eggs that were fertile when candled on the 7th and 12th day and hatch-out analysis after the 18th day of incubation tested fertility. Hatchability was tested by the percentage number of fertile eggs that hatched. Naturally mated and artificially inseminated hens’ eggs had a fertility of 84.0 % and 73.3 %, and a hatchability of 82.5 % and 85.5 %, respectively. The study revealed no significant difference in the frequency of fertile or hatched Japanese quail eggs (χ2 cal < χ critical at 5% or 1% level of probability). Naturally mated and artificially inseminated birds had relative fertile egg rates of 53.4 % and 46.6 %, respectively, and relative egg hatching rates of 52.5% and 47.5 %, respectively. Artificial insemination had the advantage of introducing the same volume of semen to more quail hens than a single cock in a natural mating process. However, natural mating was recommended over artificial insemination in the study area because of the technical constraints that required more workforce and amenities in the insemination process. The authors recommended research on developing restraint instruments and non-electrical semen storage methods for quail birds. The authors also proposed a restraint model for quail birds","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78318980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0101
E. Godwin
Dried crayfish are known to be important for human nutrition. Four hundred samples of dried `crayfish were purchased from six different markets and taken to bacterial zonooses laboratory for evaluation of microbial quality. Samples were analysed for bacterial load counts using standard microbiological methods. Total aerobic plate counts ranged from 6.74 ± 0.53 log10cfu/g for Bwari and 8.23 ± 0.36 log10cfu/g for Garki respectively, while total coliform counts ranged from 7.73 ± 0.48 logcfu/g for Gwagwalada to 8.31± 0.22 log10cfu/g for kubwa respectively. The common genera of bacterial isolated were Staphylococcus species (298;74.5%) and Streptococcus species (242;60.5%), Escherichia coli (230; 57%) Bacillus species (212;53%), Salmonella spcies (196; 49%) and Pseudomonas species (188; 47%). Overall, the highest value 8. 31 ± 0.22logcfu/g was obtained for both aerobic plate count and coliform counts which is much higher than the reference value of 5.7log10cfu/g for International commission on microbiological specification for food. This therefore highlights the need to improve the processing, handling, distribution, storage and transportation of dried crayfish in other to enhance consumer safety.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality of Dried Crayfish (Procambarius clarkil) Sold at Selected Markets in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"E. Godwin","doi":"10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/2202.40.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Dried crayfish are known to be important for human nutrition. Four hundred samples of dried `crayfish were purchased from six different markets and taken to bacterial zonooses laboratory for evaluation of microbial quality. Samples were analysed for bacterial load counts using standard microbiological methods. Total aerobic plate counts ranged from 6.74 ± 0.53 log10cfu/g for Bwari and 8.23 ± 0.36 log10cfu/g for Garki respectively, while total coliform counts ranged from 7.73 ± 0.48 logcfu/g for Gwagwalada to 8.31± 0.22 log10cfu/g for kubwa respectively. The common genera of bacterial isolated were Staphylococcus species (298;74.5%) and Streptococcus species (242;60.5%), Escherichia coli (230; 57%) Bacillus species (212;53%), Salmonella spcies (196; 49%) and Pseudomonas species (188; 47%). Overall, the highest value 8. 31 ± 0.22logcfu/g was obtained for both aerobic plate count and coliform counts which is much higher than the reference value of 5.7log10cfu/g for International commission on microbiological specification for food. This therefore highlights the need to improve the processing, handling, distribution, storage and transportation of dried crayfish in other to enhance consumer safety.","PeriodicalId":17442,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84354783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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