首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Urban Living and Health Association最新文献

英文 中文
Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes in Smokers 电子烟对吸烟者的安全性评价
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.59
K. Miura, Yuko Kikukawa, T. Nakao, Hidekiti Tokai, Y. Izumi, H. Fujii, T. Hojo
In order to assess the safety of electronic cigarettes, 32 smokers who consume more than 20 tobacco cigarettes daily were enrolled in the present study. The cartridge of an electronic cigarette contains 0.25 g of glycerin aqueous solution. Each participant was asked to consume one filter cartridge per day (more than 150 puffs per day) for 4 weeks. Following the treatment, no abnormal changes in blood pressure, hematological data, or blood chemistry and no severe adverse events were observed. Although a trace amount of acrolein was detected in the vapor collected from a single filter cartridge, it was less than the minimum amount in the mainstream smoke from a single tobacco cigarette. During the use of the electronic cigarette, the daily consumption of tobacco cigarettes decreased significantly. This electronic cigarette containing glycerin aqueous solution may be a safe alternative to cigarette
为了评估电子烟的安全性,本研究招募了32名每天消费20支以上香烟的吸烟者。电子烟的烟筒含有0.25克甘油水溶液。每个参与者被要求在4周内每天消耗一个过滤筒(每天超过150口)。治疗后,血压、血液学数据或血液化学均未发生异常变化,未发生严重不良事件。虽然从单个滤筒收集的蒸汽中检测到微量丙烯醛,但它低于单个烟草卷烟主流烟雾中的最低含量。在使用电子烟期间,烟草卷烟的日消费量明显下降。这种含有甘油水溶液的电子烟可能是香烟的安全替代品
{"title":"Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes in Smokers","authors":"K. Miura, Yuko Kikukawa, T. Nakao, Hidekiti Tokai, Y. Izumi, H. Fujii, T. Hojo","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.59","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assess the safety of electronic cigarettes, 32 smokers who consume more than 20 tobacco cigarettes daily were enrolled in the present study. The cartridge of an electronic cigarette contains 0.25 g of glycerin aqueous solution. Each participant was asked to consume one filter cartridge per day (more than 150 puffs per day) for 4 weeks. Following the treatment, no abnormal changes in blood pressure, hematological data, or blood chemistry and no severe adverse events were observed. Although a trace amount of acrolein was detected in the vapor collected from a single filter cartridge, it was less than the minimum amount in the mainstream smoke from a single tobacco cigarette. During the use of the electronic cigarette, the daily consumption of tobacco cigarettes decreased significantly. This electronic cigarette containing glycerin aqueous solution may be a safe alternative to cigarette","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83676810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Recent Issues in Alcohol Drinking and Cardiovascular Disease 饮酒与心血管疾病的最新研究
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.34
I. Wakabayashi
Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking reduces the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic-type stroke, and peripheral artery disease through the anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects of alcohol. These beneficial effects of alcohol are explained mainly by its blood lipid-improving actions, such as hDL cholesterol-increasing and LDL cholesterol-decreasing actions, and by its blood coagulation-suppressing actions, such as platelet aggregation-inhibiting, blood fibrinogen-decreasing, and plasminogen activator-increasing actions. These biological actions of alcohol are thought to be independent of the type of beverage and to be due to ethanol itself. On the other hand, excessive drinking and binge drinking increase the risk of hypertension, hemorrhagic-type stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy. The guidelines of the international and Japanese societies of hypertension recommend that alcohol intake should be restricted to less than two drinks (24 g ethanol) per day in men and one drink (12 g ethanol) per day in women. Alcohol drinking should never be recommended for promotion of health in those who are currently nondrinkers since there is no way of predicting the future likelihood of excessive drinking and addiction. Moreover, individual background factors such as age, gender, body weight, history of smoking, history of hypertension therapy, and polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes should be taken into account when considering alcohol intake volume suitable for each individual. The etiology of alcohol-induced hypertension and cardiomyopathy remains to be clarified. Future studies are also needed to determine whether light-tomoderate alcohol drinking is permissible in persons with atherosclerotic disease and in persons with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
通过酒精的抗动脉粥样硬化和抗血栓作用,轻度至中度饮酒可降低动脉粥样硬化性疾病(如冠心病、缺血性中风和外周动脉疾病)的风险。酒精的这些有益作用主要是由于其改善血脂的作用,如hDL胆固醇升高和LDL胆固醇降低的作用,以及其抑制血液凝固的作用,如抑制血小板聚集、降低血液纤维蛋白原和增加纤溶酶原激活剂的作用。酒精的这些生物作用被认为与饮料的类型无关,而是由于乙醇本身。另一方面,过度饮酒和酗酒会增加高血压、出血性中风、心律失常和心肌病的风险。国际和日本高血压学会的指南建议,酒精摄入量应限制在男性每天少于两杯(24克乙醇),女性每天少于一杯(12克乙醇)。对于那些目前不喝酒的人来说,绝不应该推荐饮酒来促进健康,因为没有办法预测未来过度饮酒和成瘾的可能性。此外,在考虑适合每个人的酒精摄入量时,应考虑个人背景因素,如年龄、性别、体重、吸烟史、高血压治疗史和酒精代谢酶多态性。酒精引起的高血压和心肌病的病因尚不清楚。未来的研究还需要确定轻度至中度饮酒是否允许动脉粥样硬化疾病患者和有动脉粥样硬化危险因素的人群。
{"title":"Recent Issues in Alcohol Drinking and Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"I. Wakabayashi","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.34","url":null,"abstract":"Light-to-moderate alcohol drinking reduces the risk of atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic-type stroke, and peripheral artery disease through the anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects of alcohol. These beneficial effects of alcohol are explained mainly by its blood lipid-improving actions, such as hDL cholesterol-increasing and LDL cholesterol-decreasing actions, and by its blood coagulation-suppressing actions, such as platelet aggregation-inhibiting, blood fibrinogen-decreasing, and plasminogen activator-increasing actions. These biological actions of alcohol are thought to be independent of the type of beverage and to be due to ethanol itself. On the other hand, excessive drinking and binge drinking increase the risk of hypertension, hemorrhagic-type stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy. The guidelines of the international and Japanese societies of hypertension recommend that alcohol intake should be restricted to less than two drinks (24 g ethanol) per day in men and one drink (12 g ethanol) per day in women. Alcohol drinking should never be recommended for promotion of health in those who are currently nondrinkers since there is no way of predicting the future likelihood of excessive drinking and addiction. Moreover, individual background factors such as age, gender, body weight, history of smoking, history of hypertension therapy, and polymorphism of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes should be taken into account when considering alcohol intake volume suitable for each individual. The etiology of alcohol-induced hypertension and cardiomyopathy remains to be clarified. Future studies are also needed to determine whether light-tomoderate alcohol drinking is permissible in persons with atherosclerotic disease and in persons with risk factors for atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73933935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Present Status and Future Prospects of Food Irradiation 食品辐照技术的现状与展望
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.23
M. Furuta
Food irradiation is an effective physical process for decontamination of fresh foods, sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions, and disinfestation of agricultural grains utilizing the ionizable energy of gamma-rays, X-rays, and electron beams. the wholesomeness a combined notion of toxicological, microbiological, and nutritional suitability of irradiated foods has been authorized by WHO and other international organizations. research into the safety of alkylcyclobutanones, a newly detected unique radiolytic product in irradiated foods, is now in progress. Food irradiation has already been cleared in at least 51 countries and more than 400,000 tons of foods are commercially irradiated in at least 16 countries including China, the uSa, and asian countries. Spices and herbs are the main products for food irradiation to eliminate pathogens. However, in Japan, only potato irradiation for sprout inhibition has so far been cleared, and approximately 8,000 tons of irradiated potatoes are distributed on the Japanese market every year. all Nippon Spice association, the Japanese spice industry association, has been submitting petitions for the approval of spice irradiation for decontamination to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for more than 10 years. tL analysis and alkylcyclobutanone analysis have already been authorized as official irradiation detection methods in the inspection of imported foods. anti-food irradiation groups are still active and consumers also have vague concerns over the use of irradiation in food processing in Japan. In order to progress to a solution, public information activities using simple explanations are very important.
食品辐照是利用伽马射线、x射线和电子束的电离能对新鲜食品进行净化、抑制土豆和洋葱发芽以及对农业谷物进行除虫的有效物理过程。卫生组织和其他国际组织批准了辐照食品的健康性,即综合考虑毒理学、微生物学和营养适宜性的概念。烷基环丁酮是辐照食品中新发现的一种独特的辐射分解产物,目前正在对其安全性进行研究。食品辐照已经在至少51个国家获得批准,在至少16个国家,包括中国,美国和亚洲国家,有超过40万吨的食品进行了商业辐照。香料和草药是食品辐照杀菌的主要产品。然而,在日本,迄今为止只批准了马铃薯辐照抑制发芽,每年约有8000吨辐照马铃薯在日本市场上销售。全日本香料协会,即日本香料工业协会,10多年来一直在向厚生劳动省提交申请,要求批准对香料进行辐射净化。tL分析和烷基环丁酮分析已被批准为进口食品检验的官方辐照检测方法。反食品辐照团体仍然活跃,消费者对日本食品加工中使用辐照也有模糊的担忧。为了找到解决方案,使用简单解释的宣传活动是非常重要的。
{"title":"Present Status and Future Prospects of Food Irradiation","authors":"M. Furuta","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.23","url":null,"abstract":"Food irradiation is an effective physical process for decontamination of fresh foods, sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions, and disinfestation of agricultural grains utilizing the ionizable energy of gamma-rays, X-rays, and electron beams. the wholesomeness a combined notion of toxicological, microbiological, and nutritional suitability of irradiated foods has been authorized by WHO and other international organizations. research into the safety of alkylcyclobutanones, a newly detected unique radiolytic product in irradiated foods, is now in progress. Food irradiation has already been cleared in at least 51 countries and more than 400,000 tons of foods are commercially irradiated in at least 16 countries including China, the uSa, and asian countries. Spices and herbs are the main products for food irradiation to eliminate pathogens. However, in Japan, only potato irradiation for sprout inhibition has so far been cleared, and approximately 8,000 tons of irradiated potatoes are distributed on the Japanese market every year. all Nippon Spice association, the Japanese spice industry association, has been submitting petitions for the approval of spice irradiation for decontamination to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for more than 10 years. tL analysis and alkylcyclobutanone analysis have already been authorized as official irradiation detection methods in the inspection of imported foods. anti-food irradiation groups are still active and consumers also have vague concerns over the use of irradiation in food processing in Japan. In order to progress to a solution, public information activities using simple explanations are very important.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72828845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of Sugar Loading on Blood Glucose Suppression by Indigestible Dextrin 糖负荷对难消化糊精抑制血糖的影响
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.3
H. Beppu, Haruo Watanabe
Human clinical studies have yielded a great number of findings on the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin on glucose absorption. The suppressive effect tends to be marked in subject groups whose blood glucose is at high levels in blood tests and the degree of suppression may vary depending on the saccharide species used for loading. The following is a summary review of the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin as reported in scientific papers. 1) In starch loading tests, although a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression by indigestible dextrin is seen in groups whose blood glucose values after placebo ingestion are higher than average, no such difference is commonly observed in low-value groups. 2) When groups with high and low blood glucose values before testing are classified in the same starch loading study, however, a significant difference is observed even in low-value groups, as the low-value group includes subjects in the placebo group with higher blood glucose values showing higher peak values at testing. ) In sucrose loading tests, the significant difference was observed more clearly not only in high-value groups but also in low-value groups. Since the inhibitory action of indigestible dextrin is strong on α-glucosidase when it binds to sucrose in order to hydrolyze into glucose and fructose, it appears certain that suppression of glucose absorption into the blood takes place. 4) When maltose loading was carried out in twelve healthy young subjects (mean age: 21.4±0.51) in a preliminary study, there was a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression in the groups with higher than average blood glucose level. However, no significant difference was found in another test, in which maltose was loaded to 1 adult subjects (mean age: 54.4±5.5). Although the glucose absorption at maltose hydrolysis in α-glucosidase reaction may be inhibited by indigestible dextrin like as that at starch hydrolysis, the results of the maltose loading test were varied. 5) Since α-glucosidase is distributed over the small intestine wall, in order to inhibit co-transportation of the 総 説 1) 〒514-1296 三重県津市久居一色町 1865 番地 E-mail: hbeppu@fujita-hu.ac.jp 2) 〒1 -0056 東京都江戸川区南小岩 61-8 E-mail: watan.ha@kuzuha-tc.jp *FOSHU: Food for Specified Health Uses 生活衛生(Seikatsu Eisei)Vol. 55 No. 1 − 14(2011) 生 活 衛 生 Vol. 55 No. 1(2011) — (4) — 観察された。 一方、糖尿病の診断には、血糖値(グルコース)の ほか、慢性度の指標として、ヘモグロビン A1c(HbA1c)、 グリコアルブミン (GA)、1,5アンヒドログルシトール (1,5-AG) が用いられている[6]。このうち、糖尿病との 境界領域にある健常者(境界型)は、空腹時血糖値が 110 ~ 125mg/dL、HbA1c が 5.8 ~ 6.4% を示す者をいう [6]。境界型の被験者は「血糖値高め」に推移している ばかりではなく、一度上昇した血糖値が低下しにくい。 試験に「血糖値高め」の被験者を組み込むほど試験の 平均血糖値は高くなる。 「トクホが許可する難消化性デキストリンの効果」は、 食事時に難消化性デキストリンを含有する食品を摂取 して糖(グルコース)の吸収を抑制することなので、 あくまで食後血糖値の上昇抑制を経時的に観察したも のである。長期に渉る血糖値抑制効果は血糖値が長期 に抑制された結果としての HbA1c の変動を調べるこ とが適当である。当該製品の長期安全性試験における HbA1c の変動を追跡する必要があるが、難消化性デキ ストリンの効果として、長期の血糖値抑制に言及した 論文は少ない。水嶋ら[7]は、 ヶ月連続摂取安全性 試験において、試験前の空腹時血糖値平均値が境界領 域にある被験者群について、フラクトサミンの低下の ほか、摂取
不消化糊精对葡萄糖吸收的抑制作用在人体临床研究中得到了大量的发现。在血液测试中血糖处于高水平的受试者组中,抑制作用往往是显著的,抑制程度可能因用于负荷的糖类种类而异。以下是在科学论文中报道的不消化糊精抑制作用的综述。1)在淀粉负荷试验中,虽然摄入安慰剂后血糖值高于平均水平的组中,难以消化的糊精对血糖的抑制程度有显著差异,但在低值组中通常没有这种差异。2)然而,在同一淀粉负荷研究中,当测试前血糖值较高的组和血糖值较低的组被分为两组时,即使在低值组中也观察到显著差异,因为低值组包括安慰剂组中血糖值较高且测试时峰值较高的受试者。在蔗糖负荷试验中,不仅在高值组中,而且在低值组中,观察到的显著差异更为明显。由于难以消化的糊精在与蔗糖结合水解成葡萄糖和果糖时对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用较强,因此可以肯定葡萄糖进入血液的吸收受到抑制。4)初步研究对12名健康青年(平均年龄21.4±0.51岁)进行麦芽糖负荷时,血糖水平高于平均水平组的血糖抑制程度有显著差异。然而,在另一项试验中,1名成年受试者(平均年龄:54.4±5.5)加载麦芽糖,没有发现显著差异。虽然在α-葡萄糖苷酶反应中,麦芽糖水解过程中的葡萄糖吸收与淀粉水解过程中的葡萄糖吸收一样会受到难以消化的糊精的抑制,但麦芽糖负荷试验的结果是不同的。5)由于α-葡萄糖苷酶分布在小肠壁上,为了抑制细菌的共运输,含有:含有:514-1296。55 1−14号(2011年)生活衛生55卷1号(2011)-(4)-観察された。一方,糖尿病の診断には,血糖値(グルコース)のほか,慢性度の指標として,ヘモグロビン糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),グリコアルブミン(GA), 1、5アンヒドログルシトール(5-AG)が用いられている[6]。このうち,糖尿病との境界領域にある健常者(境界型)は,空腹時血糖値が110 ~ 125 mg / dL,糖化血红蛋白が5.8 ~ 6.4%を示す者をいう[6]。“。“。“トクホが許可する難消化性デキストリンの効果”は,食事時に難消化性デキストリンを含有する食品を摂取して糖(グルコース)の吸収を抑制することなので,あくまで食後血糖値の上昇抑制を経時的に観察したものである。長期に渉る血糖値抑制効果は血糖値が長期に抑制された結果としての糖化血红蛋白の変動を調べることが適当である。当該製品の長期安全性試験における糖化血红蛋白の変動を追跡する必要があるが,難消化性デキストリンの効果として,長期の血糖値抑制に言及した論文は少ない。水嶋ら[7]は,ヶ月連続摂取安全性試験において,試験前の空腹時血糖値平均値が境界領域にある被験者群について,フラクトサミンの低下のほか,摂取4週目以降空腹時血糖値が低下したと報告しているが,糖化血红蛋白の平均値が基準値内であったせいか糖化血红蛋白の低下は見られなかった。本稿では,特定保健用食品の表示許可申請に必要なヒト試験の進め方の留意点を解説するとともに,難消化性デキストリンの食後血糖値の抑制効果が,摂取する糖の種類により変化する可能性に注目し,難消化性デキストリンの血糖値抑制効果が発揮されるために,その試験デザインについて論じたい。即緒言厚生労働省が年毎に実施している患者調査では,糖尿病患者総数は平成17年度では247年万人と推計され,高血圧症,歯・歯周病に次ぐ患者数といわれている[1]。7个英文单词,中文单词,中文单词,中文单词,中文单词,中文单词,中文单词,英文单词。日本の糖尿病患者の殆どはインスリン非依存性のII型糖尿病であり[2],インスリン抵抗性による空腹時及び食後血糖値上昇を特徴とする。【中文译文】:。血糖値が高めに推移している,或いは糖尿病との境界型といわれる人たちは,健常者であっても糖尿病予備軍とされるグループに属している[4]。これらの人たちは,食後血糖値が上昇しないように必要以上の糖吸収を抑制することにより,糖代謝の負荷を減少させ,かつ臓器や組織が高血糖に暴露されることによる合併症発症を防止する必要がある。また,平成20年よりメタボリックシンドローム対策として特定健康診査制度が実施され,高血圧症と共に糖尿病患者数を減少させることは,我が国保健行政の重要課題となっている[4]。このような保健政策上の必要性や消費者の糖尿病防止の意識の向上と相俟って,血糖値を抑制するための食品が特定保健用食品(トクホ)として既に数多く許可されている[5]。新規な特定保健用食品の申請においては,申請する難消化性デキストリンを含有する製品の効果と安全性についてヒト試験を課しており,その結果は査読された論文として公表されている。当然のことながら,公表論文には難消化性デキストリン含有食品としての有効性と安全性が示されている。我々がヒト効果試験で得た知見と合わせて,効果を示した公表論文を縦覧したところ,難消化性デキストリンによる糖(グルコース)吸収抑制の挙動は,被験者の糖代謝性向と負荷された糖の種類に関係性があることが4葡萄糖进入血液的二糖水解α葡糖苷酶,有必要迅速消化糊精也是分布式同一小肠墙。如果缓慢摄入含糖食物,血糖水平会随着时间的推移呈逐渐上升的曲线;同样,如果缓慢摄入难以消化的糊精,那么难以消化的糊精在肠壁的分布将会缓慢而低效,无法抑制葡萄糖的吸收。
{"title":"Influence of Sugar Loading on Blood Glucose Suppression by Indigestible Dextrin","authors":"H. Beppu, Haruo Watanabe","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.3","url":null,"abstract":"Human clinical studies have yielded a great number of findings on the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin on glucose absorption. The suppressive effect tends to be marked in subject groups whose blood glucose is at high levels in blood tests and the degree of suppression may vary depending on the saccharide species used for loading. The following is a summary review of the suppressive effect of indigestible dextrin as reported in scientific papers. 1) In starch loading tests, although a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression by indigestible dextrin is seen in groups whose blood glucose values after placebo ingestion are higher than average, no such difference is commonly observed in low-value groups. 2) When groups with high and low blood glucose values before testing are classified in the same starch loading study, however, a significant difference is observed even in low-value groups, as the low-value group includes subjects in the placebo group with higher blood glucose values showing higher peak values at testing. ) In sucrose loading tests, the significant difference was observed more clearly not only in high-value groups but also in low-value groups. Since the inhibitory action of indigestible dextrin is strong on α-glucosidase when it binds to sucrose in order to hydrolyze into glucose and fructose, it appears certain that suppression of glucose absorption into the blood takes place. 4) When maltose loading was carried out in twelve healthy young subjects (mean age: 21.4±0.51) in a preliminary study, there was a significant difference in the degree of blood glucose suppression in the groups with higher than average blood glucose level. However, no significant difference was found in another test, in which maltose was loaded to 1 adult subjects (mean age: 54.4±5.5). Although the glucose absorption at maltose hydrolysis in α-glucosidase reaction may be inhibited by indigestible dextrin like as that at starch hydrolysis, the results of the maltose loading test were varied. 5) Since α-glucosidase is distributed over the small intestine wall, in order to inhibit co-transportation of the 総 説 1) 〒514-1296 三重県津市久居一色町 1865 番地 E-mail: hbeppu@fujita-hu.ac.jp 2) 〒1 -0056 東京都江戸川区南小岩 61-8 E-mail: watan.ha@kuzuha-tc.jp *FOSHU: Food for Specified Health Uses 生活衛生(Seikatsu Eisei)Vol. 55 No. 1 − 14(2011) 生 活 衛 生 Vol. 55 No. 1(2011) — (4) — 観察された。 一方、糖尿病の診断には、血糖値(グルコース)の ほか、慢性度の指標として、ヘモグロビン A1c(HbA1c)、 グリコアルブミン (GA)、1,5アンヒドログルシトール (1,5-AG) が用いられている[6]。このうち、糖尿病との 境界領域にある健常者(境界型)は、空腹時血糖値が 110 ~ 125mg/dL、HbA1c が 5.8 ~ 6.4% を示す者をいう [6]。境界型の被験者は「血糖値高め」に推移している ばかりではなく、一度上昇した血糖値が低下しにくい。 試験に「血糖値高め」の被験者を組み込むほど試験の 平均血糖値は高くなる。 「トクホが許可する難消化性デキストリンの効果」は、 食事時に難消化性デキストリンを含有する食品を摂取 して糖(グルコース)の吸収を抑制することなので、 あくまで食後血糖値の上昇抑制を経時的に観察したも のである。長期に渉る血糖値抑制効果は血糖値が長期 に抑制された結果としての HbA1c の変動を調べるこ とが適当である。当該製品の長期安全性試験における HbA1c の変動を追跡する必要があるが、難消化性デキ ストリンの効果として、長期の血糖値抑制に言及した 論文は少ない。水嶋ら[7]は、 ヶ月連続摂取安全性 試験において、試験前の空腹時血糖値平均値が境界領 域にある被験者群について、フラクトサミンの低下の ほか、摂取","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Survey for Genetically Modified Rice and Investigation of DNA Extraction Methods in Processed-Rice Foods 转基因水稻研究概况及大米加工食品中DNA提取方法研究
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.65
M. Ki, Taro Murakami, A. Sato, T. Yamano, M. Shimizu
{"title":"Survey for Genetically Modified Rice and Investigation of DNA Extraction Methods in Processed-Rice Foods","authors":"M. Ki, Taro Murakami, A. Sato, T. Yamano, M. Shimizu","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75271580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Change in Measurement Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for Water in Japan 日本水环境质量标准测量方法的变化
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.46
M. Shinya
{"title":"Change in Measurement Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for Water in Japan","authors":"M. Shinya","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77886552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atypical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 2 非典型致泻性大肠杆菌第二部分
Pub Date : 2011-03-10 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.15
K. Arikawa, Y. Nishikawa
{"title":"Atypical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 2","authors":"K. Arikawa, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.55.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77760005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Present and Future Use of Natural Antibacterial and Fungicidal Agents 天然抗菌和杀真菌剂的现状和未来应用
Pub Date : 2010-10-30 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.304
N. Ihara, N. Hamada
Bacteria and fungi often grow inside dwellings, causing dirt and unpleasant smells and presenting a potential health hazard in the indoor environment. Methods of controlling microbiological contamination differ according to the location within the dwelling and include cleaning, chemicals, ventilators, and air-cleaners. The present study investigated the use of machines and chemicals to control microbiological contamination and assessed the benefits and problems related to their use. Numerous anti-bacterial and fungicidal agents are used in dwellings. Of these, natural preparations using herbs and metallic substances have noteworthy safety advantages. For example, rosemary containing essential oil not only controls bacteria and fungi, but also reduces unpleasant smells. However, if these additional characteristics of natural agents are grasped correctly, any herb or metallic substance with antibacterial or antifungal action is useful for life. The paper therefore also discusses where these natural agents are used and how to deploy them effectively.
细菌和真菌经常在住宅内生长,造成灰尘和难闻的气味,并对室内环境构成潜在的健康危害。控制微生物污染的方法根据住宅内的位置不同而不同,包括清洁、化学药品、通风机和空气净化器。本研究调查了控制微生物污染的机器和化学品的使用,并评估了与它们的使用有关的好处和问题。住宅中使用了许多抗菌和杀真菌剂。其中,使用草药和金属物质的天然制剂具有显著的安全性优势。例如,含有精油的迷迭香不仅能控制细菌和真菌,还能减少难闻的气味。然而,如果正确地掌握了天然药物的这些附加特性,任何具有抗菌或抗真菌作用的草药或金属物质都是终身有用的。因此,本文还讨论了在何处使用这些天然试剂以及如何有效地部署它们。
{"title":"Present and Future Use of Natural Antibacterial and Fungicidal Agents","authors":"N. Ihara, N. Hamada","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.304","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria and fungi often grow inside dwellings, causing dirt and unpleasant smells and presenting a potential health hazard in the indoor environment. Methods of controlling microbiological contamination differ according to the location within the dwelling and include cleaning, chemicals, ventilators, and air-cleaners. The present study investigated the use of machines and chemicals to control microbiological contamination and assessed the benefits and problems related to their use. Numerous anti-bacterial and fungicidal agents are used in dwellings. Of these, natural preparations using herbs and metallic substances have noteworthy safety advantages. For example, rosemary containing essential oil not only controls bacteria and fungi, but also reduces unpleasant smells. However, if these additional characteristics of natural agents are grasped correctly, any herb or metallic substance with antibacterial or antifungal action is useful for life. The paper therefore also discusses where these natural agents are used and how to deploy them effectively.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Situation and Regulation of Mycotoxins in Food 食品中真菌毒素的最新情况及管制
Pub Date : 2010-10-30 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.285
Y. Sugita‐Konishi
{"title":"Recent Situation and Regulation of Mycotoxins in Food","authors":"Y. Sugita‐Konishi","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76059136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Typical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 1 一种典型的致泻性大肠杆菌
Pub Date : 2010-10-30 DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.271
M. Wakushima, Lili Wang, A. Hidaka, S. Fujihara, R. Nakajima, J. Shi, Y. Nishikawa
{"title":"A Typical Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Part 1","authors":"M. Wakushima, Lili Wang, A. Hidaka, S. Fujihara, R. Nakajima, J. Shi, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80250659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Urban Living and Health Association
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1