Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.116
K. Azuma
The present paper reviews the historical background of indoor air pollution in Japan and overseas from the perspectives of research and political countermeasures. It also recommends future approaches to these issues in Japan. In contrast to the occupational environment, the indoor air in the residential environment contains multiple lowconcentration chemicals. Hence, the fundamental concept of approaches to preserving good indoor air quality consists of non-regulatory strategies based on indoor air quality information, for instance guideline values, labeling systems, and guidance. In addition, indoor air pollutants that are associated with serious public health effects and are extensively used in the residential environment have been the subject of regulations to restrict emission rates or ban the use of emission sources. Over the past forty years, many effective measures have been taken to improve indoor air pollution. However, as a result of major changes in building materials, consumer products, and lifestyle, new issues have arisen such as phthalates in indoor dust and indoor secondary emissions. Continuous and integrated risk assessment to identify high-risk factors is needed, as well as a comprehensive framework to provide further transparent information on emission sources, product ingredients, and management of indoor environments.
{"title":"Indoor Air Pollution in Japan and Overseas: Current Conditions and Countermeasures","authors":"K. Azuma","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.116","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reviews the historical background of indoor air pollution in Japan and overseas from the perspectives of research and political countermeasures. It also recommends future approaches to these issues in Japan. In contrast to the occupational environment, the indoor air in the residential environment contains multiple lowconcentration chemicals. Hence, the fundamental concept of approaches to preserving good indoor air quality consists of non-regulatory strategies based on indoor air quality information, for instance guideline values, labeling systems, and guidance. In addition, indoor air pollutants that are associated with serious public health effects and are extensively used in the residential environment have been the subject of regulations to restrict emission rates or ban the use of emission sources. Over the past forty years, many effective measures have been taken to improve indoor air pollution. However, as a result of major changes in building materials, consumer products, and lifestyle, new issues have arisen such as phthalates in indoor dust and indoor secondary emissions. Continuous and integrated risk assessment to identify high-risk factors is needed, as well as a comprehensive framework to provide further transparent information on emission sources, product ingredients, and management of indoor environments.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87236429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.93
T. Ogawa, T. Moriyama
The increase in allergy patients in the developed countries, including Japan, has become a serious social problem. Of the many foods that elicit adverse reactions, soybean and soybean products, at the same time as representing an important protein source, are known as one of the major allergenic foodstuffs for the Japanese. However, no effective cure for allergic patients has been established. The strict elimination of the offending foods from the diet is therefore generally adopted as a prophylactic method in the treatment of food allergies, but may, if nutritional-fundamental foods are withdrawn for extended periods, lead to malnutrition in young patients. Accordingly, there is an urgent demand for food scientists to identify the proteins responsible for the allergic manifestation following ingestion of the foodstuff and to reduce allergenicity to enable the healthy use of soybean products. The present paper reviews recent information on the major allergens in soybean and the development of hypoallergenic soybean products. Further information on soybean allergens, sensitization to soybean allergens, persistence and symptoms of soybean allergy, and diagnostic features are available in a database at the Internet Symposium on Food Allergens: http://www.food-allergens.de.
{"title":"Recent Situation of Food Allergy in Japan and Measures for Patients","authors":"T. Ogawa, T. Moriyama","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.93","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in allergy patients in the developed countries, including Japan, has become a serious social problem. Of the many foods that elicit adverse reactions, soybean and soybean products, at the same time as representing an important protein source, are known as one of the major allergenic foodstuffs for the Japanese. However, no effective cure for allergic patients has been established. The strict elimination of the offending foods from the diet is therefore generally adopted as a prophylactic method in the treatment of food allergies, but may, if nutritional-fundamental foods are withdrawn for extended periods, lead to malnutrition in young patients. Accordingly, there is an urgent demand for food scientists to identify the proteins responsible for the allergic manifestation following ingestion of the foodstuff and to reduce allergenicity to enable the healthy use of soybean products. The present paper reviews recent information on the major allergens in soybean and the development of hypoallergenic soybean products. Further information on soybean allergens, sensitization to soybean allergens, persistence and symptoms of soybean allergy, and diagnostic features are available in a database at the Internet Symposium on Food Allergens: http://www.food-allergens.de.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74532347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.137
Y. Adachi, Tomoko Ambo, M. Fujishima, Haruo Watanabe
We examined the metabolic interaction with drugs produced by intake of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.). The inhibitory effects of Equisetum arvense L. extract (Equisetum extract) on the metabolic activities of drugs with specific activity on cytochrome P-450 isozymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) were investigated using human liver microsomes. Equisetum extract (final concentration: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) and the respective representative substrates for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 were incubated with human liver microsomes in order to examine the inhibitory effect. In the presence of Equisetum extract at 0.1 to 10 μg/mL, the residual activity of all the CYP isozymes examined was 68.2 to 105.3% of control, indicating no inhibition. Although CYP2D6 and CYP2E retained 66.7% and 73.4% of activity at Equisetum extract concentration of 100 μg/mL, the highest concentration examined in the tests, the residual activities of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 were 21.4, 10.6, 8.9, and 8.6% respectively, showing IC50 values of 31.1, 22.3, 18.8, and 23.5 μg/mL, respectively. Certain components of Equisetum extract, such as flavons, appear to have inhibitory effect; but the amount of Equisetum extract required to exert the inhibitory effect on CYP isozymes is the same. Assuming that all components of the added Equisetum extract have inhibitory activity and that the mean molecular weight of such inhibitory components is 500, the IC50 values were converted into Ki values using Cheng-Prusoff’s equation; giving Ki values of the order of 10 μM. According to Rowland’s equation for estimating the rate of increase in AUC caused by drug-drug interactions, this suggests that there is no increase in AUC caused by the inhibitory effect of Equisetum arvense extract on CYP isozymes. This is a convenient method of estimating the degree of metabolic interaction between food and drugs.
{"title":"Effect of Equisetum arvense L. Extract on Cytochrome P-450 Activities in Human Liver Microsomes and Prediction of Interaction with Blood Drug Metabolism","authors":"Y. Adachi, Tomoko Ambo, M. Fujishima, Haruo Watanabe","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.137","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the metabolic interaction with drugs produced by intake of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.). The inhibitory effects of Equisetum arvense L. extract (Equisetum extract) on the metabolic activities of drugs with specific activity on cytochrome P-450 isozymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) were investigated using human liver microsomes. Equisetum extract (final concentration: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) and the respective representative substrates for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 were incubated with human liver microsomes in order to examine the inhibitory effect. In the presence of Equisetum extract at 0.1 to 10 μg/mL, the residual activity of all the CYP isozymes examined was 68.2 to 105.3% of control, indicating no inhibition. Although CYP2D6 and CYP2E retained 66.7% and 73.4% of activity at Equisetum extract concentration of 100 μg/mL, the highest concentration examined in the tests, the residual activities of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 were 21.4, 10.6, 8.9, and 8.6% respectively, showing IC50 values of 31.1, 22.3, 18.8, and 23.5 μg/mL, respectively. Certain components of Equisetum extract, such as flavons, appear to have inhibitory effect; but the amount of Equisetum extract required to exert the inhibitory effect on CYP isozymes is the same. Assuming that all components of the added Equisetum extract have inhibitory activity and that the mean molecular weight of such inhibitory components is 500, the IC50 values were converted into Ki values using Cheng-Prusoff’s equation; giving Ki values of the order of 10 μM. According to Rowland’s equation for estimating the rate of increase in AUC caused by drug-drug interactions, this suggests that there is no increase in AUC caused by the inhibitory effect of Equisetum arvense extract on CYP isozymes. This is a convenient method of estimating the degree of metabolic interaction between food and drugs.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84499504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.128
H. Hayashi
To investigate the behavior of emerging contaminants in drinking water, we measured the concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and a number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an advanced water treatment system. PFOA concentration ranged from 4 to 225 ng/L and 5 to 153 ng/L in raw water and final water, respectively, at the Kunijima purification plant. However the concentrations of PFOA had decreased since September, 2007, as the volume of sewerage treatment plant effluents decreased in the same period. It was thought that the consumption of PFOA had decreased in the upstream area. We have also developed an analytical method for 73 PPCPs using LC-MS/MS. The number of PPCPs of which the average concentration was more than the quantification limit at the Kunijima purification plant was 30 in raw water, but fell to two (iopamidol, iohexol) in finished water. The advanced water treatment system, in particular the ozonation process, appears thus to remove PPCPs efficiently.
{"title":"Emerging Contaminants and Advanced Water Treatment System","authors":"H. Hayashi","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.128","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the behavior of emerging contaminants in drinking water, we measured the concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and a number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an advanced water treatment system. PFOA concentration ranged from 4 to 225 ng/L and 5 to 153 ng/L in raw water and final water, respectively, at the Kunijima purification plant. However the concentrations of PFOA had decreased since September, 2007, as the volume of sewerage treatment plant effluents decreased in the same period. It was thought that the consumption of PFOA had decreased in the upstream area. We have also developed an analytical method for 73 PPCPs using LC-MS/MS. The number of PPCPs of which the average concentration was more than the quantification limit at the Kunijima purification plant was 30 in raw water, but fell to two (iopamidol, iohexol) in finished water. The advanced water treatment system, in particular the ozonation process, appears thus to remove PPCPs efficiently.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87173337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.85
K. Takakura
Recently, biodiversity and its conservation have gathered much attention. However, the concept of biodiversity is not sufficiently understood in general and conservation measures in urban areas, particularly highly developed urban areas, have not been adequately discussed. The present review begins with an introduction to the concept of biodiversity and some of the concrete threats to it. Next, the effects of the corridor, which has been often regarded as a promising measure for biodiversity conservation, are reviewed in terms of its positive and negative aspects. Finally, potential measures for biodiversity conservation in highly developed urban areas are proposed, such as amelioration of habitat quality in existing urban parks, improvement of the weeding procedure, and planning conservation procedures based on predictive models.
{"title":"Procedures and Prospects of Biodiversity Conservation in Urban Areas","authors":"K. Takakura","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.85","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, biodiversity and its conservation have gathered much attention. However, the concept of biodiversity is not sufficiently understood in general and conservation measures in urban areas, particularly highly developed urban areas, have not been adequately discussed. The present review begins with an introduction to the concept of biodiversity and some of the concrete threats to it. Next, the effects of the corridor, which has been often regarded as a promising measure for biodiversity conservation, are reviewed in terms of its positive and negative aspects. Finally, potential measures for biodiversity conservation in highly developed urban areas are proposed, such as amelioration of habitat quality in existing urban parks, improvement of the weeding procedure, and planning conservation procedures based on predictive models.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86116901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.106
Kaoru Umeda
{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Clostridium Botulinum Associated with Infant Botulism in Japan","authors":"Kaoru Umeda","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86056551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.49
N. Hamada
{"title":"Recent Characteristics of Food-borne Fungi","authors":"N. Hamada","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79369070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.21
Kazuaki Masuyama, S. Kaneco, S. Morisawa, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta
An investigation was made of high-performance photocatalyst synthesis by low-temperature heating of amorphous TiO2 treated with hydroxyl peroxide. Peroxo titanic acid seems to be formed after the reaction of amorphous TiO2 with hydroxyl peroxide. The high-performance photocatalyst is fabricated by heat treatment with peroxo titanic acid at lower temperature (for instance 100 ̊C). The TiO2 photocatalyst was applied to the removal of acetaldehyde in the air with results better than those obtained with commercial P-25 TiO2.
{"title":"Low-temperature Heating of Amorphous TiO2 Treated with Hydroxyl Peroxide to Fabricate High-performance Photocatalyst and Application Thereof to Acetaldehyde Removal","authors":"Kazuaki Masuyama, S. Kaneco, S. Morisawa, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.21","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was made of high-performance photocatalyst synthesis by low-temperature heating of amorphous TiO2 treated with hydroxyl peroxide. Peroxo titanic acid seems to be formed after the reaction of amorphous TiO2 with hydroxyl peroxide. The high-performance photocatalyst is fabricated by heat treatment with peroxo titanic acid at lower temperature (for instance 100 ̊C). The TiO2 photocatalyst was applied to the removal of acetaldehyde in the air with results better than those obtained with commercial P-25 TiO2.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89486083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.33
T. Miyazaki, K. Funasaka, Yoshikazu Teraminami, Toshikazu Kamiura
Dust and water-soluble ion concentrations in Osaka City were measured by high-volume air sampler and the factors causing high concentrations of dust and water-soluble ions investigated. An examination of the annual change in dust concentration showed a sudden decrease in the 1980s and 1990s and a gentler decrease in the 2000s. Concentrations of chloride and nitrate have remained at the same level while concentrations of sulfate and ammonium ion have shown a slight increasing trend in the last ten years. Regarding the correlation between dust and water-soluble ion concentrations, a strong correlation was observed between dust concentration and nitrate concentration. Regarding the correlation between dust and water-soluble ion concentrations and meteorological factors, a strong correlation of the temperature differences between Ikoma and Osaka to dust concentration and nitrate and ammonium ion concentrations was observed. Continental sand particle data showed a correlation of low relative humidity to high concentration of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate, and to low concentration of ammonium ions, while typhoon data showed a correlation of high wind velocity to high chloride concentration.
{"title":"Dust and Water-soluble Ion Concentrations in Osaka City","authors":"T. Miyazaki, K. Funasaka, Yoshikazu Teraminami, Toshikazu Kamiura","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.33","url":null,"abstract":"Dust and water-soluble ion concentrations in Osaka City were measured by high-volume air sampler and the factors causing high concentrations of dust and water-soluble ions investigated. An examination of the annual change in dust concentration showed a sudden decrease in the 1980s and 1990s and a gentler decrease in the 2000s. Concentrations of chloride and nitrate have remained at the same level while concentrations of sulfate and ammonium ion have shown a slight increasing trend in the last ten years. Regarding the correlation between dust and water-soluble ion concentrations, a strong correlation was observed between dust concentration and nitrate concentration. Regarding the correlation between dust and water-soluble ion concentrations and meteorological factors, a strong correlation of the temperature differences between Ikoma and Osaka to dust concentration and nitrate and ammonium ion concentrations was observed. Continental sand particle data showed a correlation of low relative humidity to high concentration of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate, and to low concentration of ammonium ions, while typhoon data showed a correlation of high wind velocity to high chloride concentration.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73451975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.3
M. Gotou
Japan Abstract Based on a survey of airborne Japanese cedar pollen carried out in Hyogo prefecture over 10 years (1998-2007), we performed a comparative study of yearly, weekly and daily changes in Japanese cedar pollen counts in the large metropolitan areas of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe in the Kansai region. Airborne pollen counts were found to have a bi-annual cycle in each of the cities. Fluctuations in the quantity of male cedar flowers and temperatures during the previous summer season are thought to have an effect. Pollen scattering tended to begin earlier in Kobe than in Kyoto. Weekly and daily changes in pollen counts were found to follow the same rise and fall patterns in all three cities at certain times; but to vary between the cities at other times. The position and distance of cedar trees, forest flowering stages and wind speed and direction are also thought to have an
{"title":"A Survey of Airborne Japanese Cedar Pollen in the Kansai Region","authors":"M. Gotou","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.3","url":null,"abstract":"Japan Abstract Based on a survey of airborne Japanese cedar pollen carried out in Hyogo prefecture over 10 years (1998-2007), we performed a comparative study of yearly, weekly and daily changes in Japanese cedar pollen counts in the large metropolitan areas of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe in the Kansai region. Airborne pollen counts were found to have a bi-annual cycle in each of the cities. Fluctuations in the quantity of male cedar flowers and temperatures during the previous summer season are thought to have an effect. Pollen scattering tended to begin earlier in Kobe than in Kyoto. Weekly and daily changes in pollen counts were found to follow the same rise and fall patterns in all three cities at certain times; but to vary between the cities at other times. The position and distance of cedar trees, forest flowering stages and wind speed and direction are also thought to have an","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83069717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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