Pub Date : 2010-10-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.321
Fuyu Ito, Takao Nomura, K. Katahira, M. Kitagawa, H. Moriwaki
Samples of river water and of sediment from the surface of submerged stones were taken from the Yonako River, Dodo River and Chikuma River and analyzed for ion species, heavy metals and microbial groups. The water of the Yonako and Dodo Rivers was acidic (pH 3-6) because of the influence of abandoned sulfur mines and the surrounding geological conditions. It is well known that unique and useful bacteria have been found in specific environments, such as volcanic ponds and acidic mine drains. We were interested therefore in the characteristics of microorganisms in the water and the sediment on stones in the Yonako and Dodo Rivers. The concentration of SO4 ions was high in the river water of the Yonako and Dodo Rivers (46 mg/L), and the iron concentration in the stone sediment from the Yonako River was also very high (200 g/kg) compared to that in the Chikuma River and most other rivers. In routine bacteriological agar medium culture, the number of microbial colonies in the Yonako River samples was low compared to the Chikuma River samples. However, using the genetic PCR-DGGE method, it was confirmed that there were many microorganisms living in special environments such as the Yonako River.
{"title":"Influence of Pollution from Abandoned Sulfur Mines on Riverine Environment","authors":"Fuyu Ito, Takao Nomura, K. Katahira, M. Kitagawa, H. Moriwaki","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.321","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of river water and of sediment from the surface of submerged stones were taken from the Yonako River, Dodo River and Chikuma River and analyzed for ion species, heavy metals and microbial groups. The water of the Yonako and Dodo Rivers was acidic (pH 3-6) because of the influence of abandoned sulfur mines and the surrounding geological conditions. It is well known that unique and useful bacteria have been found in specific environments, such as volcanic ponds and acidic mine drains. We were interested therefore in the characteristics of microorganisms in the water and the sediment on stones in the Yonako and Dodo Rivers. The concentration of SO4 ions was high in the river water of the Yonako and Dodo Rivers (46 mg/L), and the iron concentration in the stone sediment from the Yonako River was also very high (200 g/kg) compared to that in the Chikuma River and most other rivers. In routine bacteriological agar medium culture, the number of microbial colonies in the Yonako River samples was low compared to the Chikuma River samples. However, using the genetic PCR-DGGE method, it was confirmed that there were many microorganisms living in special environments such as the Yonako River.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78131772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.298
N. Iritani
Noroviruses (NoVs) are an important cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide and affect humans in all age groups. Their transmission modes are food, person-to-person contact, and environmental contamination. NoVs are diverse genetically and classified into five genogroups (GI-GV). The GI and GII NoVs affect humans most commonly, causing infection every year. The genogroups are subdivided into more than 30 different genotypes. The GII.4 genotype has been the most commonly identified genotype worldwide in recent years. Specifically, the GII.4 variant caused the major epidemic of the 2006-2007 season. The present review focuses on recent findings in NoV infection relating to their transmission, epidemiology, and evolutionary changes. New knowledge improves our understanding of NoV infection and will be useful in control and prevention.
{"title":"Recent Findings in Norovirus Infection","authors":"N. Iritani","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.298","url":null,"abstract":"Noroviruses (NoVs) are an important cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide and affect humans in all age groups. Their transmission modes are food, person-to-person contact, and environmental contamination. NoVs are diverse genetically and classified into five genogroups (GI-GV). The GI and GII NoVs affect humans most commonly, causing infection every year. The genogroups are subdivided into more than 30 different genotypes. The GII.4 genotype has been the most commonly identified genotype worldwide in recent years. Specifically, the GII.4 variant caused the major epidemic of the 2006-2007 season. The present review focuses on recent findings in NoV infection relating to their transmission, epidemiology, and evolutionary changes. New knowledge improves our understanding of NoV infection and will be useful in control and prevention.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89151019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.312
N. Hamada, Hiroki Ikeda, K. Takakura, A. Iwamae, Hiroyuki Uehara, Yoko Eitaki, T. Sugita
Sick house syndrome (SHS), which comprises various non-specific complaints, has been reported in Japan since the 1990s. SHS patients are mainly said to have irritation of the mucous membranes and skin, often with headaches and fatigue. The present report describes time-dependent changes in indoor formaldehyde (FA) levels and in SHS symptoms. Indoor FA levels have been decreasing in homes built recently. In 2000, the effect of FA levels on the symptoms of SHS patients were studied in 71 dwellings. Similar studies were performed again in 2006 and 2007. The data were compared with the results obtained in 2000. Occupants of rooms with FA levels greater than 0.2 ppm were SHS patients; the average FA level was higher in patient houses than in non-patient houses. FA levels were highest in houses built around 1997, and decreased gradually thereafter. The average FA level decreased with occupation period, falling by about 50% between 2000 and 2007. From a diagnostic perspective, SHS patient characteristics included not only falling ill on entering the dwelling, but also recovery on leaving them. The FA levels in the dwellings of patients with such symptoms were significantly higher. The percentage of headaches and coughs correlated positively with FA level, and were lower for lower FA levels. Nevertheless, the percentage of allergies was not found to relate to FA level. The possibility of fungi as well as FA being the cause of SHS in patients examined in the study was suggested. The importance of indoor ventilation for controlling SHS symptoms was recognized.
{"title":"Time-dependent Change in Symptoms of Sick House Syndrome and in Indoor Environment of Patient Dwellings","authors":"N. Hamada, Hiroki Ikeda, K. Takakura, A. Iwamae, Hiroyuki Uehara, Yoko Eitaki, T. Sugita","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.312","url":null,"abstract":"Sick house syndrome (SHS), which comprises various non-specific complaints, has been reported in Japan since the 1990s. SHS patients are mainly said to have irritation of the mucous membranes and skin, often with headaches and fatigue. The present report describes time-dependent changes in indoor formaldehyde (FA) levels and in SHS symptoms. Indoor FA levels have been decreasing in homes built recently. In 2000, the effect of FA levels on the symptoms of SHS patients were studied in 71 dwellings. Similar studies were performed again in 2006 and 2007. The data were compared with the results obtained in 2000. Occupants of rooms with FA levels greater than 0.2 ppm were SHS patients; the average FA level was higher in patient houses than in non-patient houses. FA levels were highest in houses built around 1997, and decreased gradually thereafter. The average FA level decreased with occupation period, falling by about 50% between 2000 and 2007. From a diagnostic perspective, SHS patient characteristics included not only falling ill on entering the dwelling, but also recovery on leaving them. The FA levels in the dwellings of patients with such symptoms were significantly higher. The percentage of headaches and coughs correlated positively with FA level, and were lower for lower FA levels. Nevertheless, the percentage of allergies was not found to relate to FA level. The possibility of fungi as well as FA being the cause of SHS in patients examined in the study was suggested. The importance of indoor ventilation for controlling SHS symptoms was recognized.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84168981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.330
Kiyoyuki Egusa, S. Kaneco, A. Dabwan, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta
The removal of turbidity in wastewater with coagulants based on paper sludge ash was investigated. Until now, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polymer coagulant have been used for the reduction of turbidity in wastewater. However, there are a variety of wastewaters which cannot be treated with these agents, including effluent from the paint industry. Recently, a new coagulant (Ago clean P) has been developed which is made of paper sludge ash. In the present study, the coagulant made of paper sludge ash was applied to the removal of turbidity in paint industry wastewater. Treatment using Ago clean P coagulant was found to be very effective for paint industry wastewater, while the combination of Ago clean P coagulant with the traditional PAC and polymer coagulant treatment was found to contribute to reducing the amount of Ago clean P required for coagulation.
{"title":"Removal of turbidity in wastewater with coagulants based on paper sludge ash","authors":"Kiyoyuki Egusa, S. Kaneco, A. Dabwan, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.330","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of turbidity in wastewater with coagulants based on paper sludge ash was investigated. Until now, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polymer coagulant have been used for the reduction of turbidity in wastewater. However, there are a variety of wastewaters which cannot be treated with these agents, including effluent from the paint industry. Recently, a new coagulant (Ago clean P) has been developed which is made of paper sludge ash. In the present study, the coagulant made of paper sludge ash was applied to the removal of turbidity in paint industry wastewater. Treatment using Ago clean P coagulant was found to be very effective for paint industry wastewater, while the combination of Ago clean P coagulant with the traditional PAC and polymer coagulant treatment was found to contribute to reducing the amount of Ago clean P required for coagulation.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84577270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.193
K. Katahira
{"title":"Identification of Historical Sources of Environmental Lead Pollutions Using Lead Isotope Ratios in Sediment Cores","authors":"K. Katahira","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81240623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.213
Kaoru Umeda, Makiko Kobayashi, N. Hatayama
A total of 71 Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with food-borne disease, healthy human nasal swabs, food samples, and healthy human feces were examined by PCR for the presence of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and see), newly identified SE genes (seg, seh and sei), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-related genes. Classical and newly identified SE genes were detected in isolates associated with food-borne disease, and some isolates associated with healthy human nasal swabs, food samples, and healthy human feces were shown to have the possibility of causing food-borne disease. Four isolates (three from healthy human nasal swab and one from healthy human feces) harbored the MRSA gene while three had the possibility of transmitting communityacquired MRSA. These results suggest that appropriate sanitary supervision is necessary to prevent contamination and infection with S. aureus. The PCR methods used in the study were useful for understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of S. aureus.
{"title":"Distribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes and Methicillin-resistant Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates","authors":"Kaoru Umeda, Makiko Kobayashi, N. Hatayama","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.213","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 71 Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with food-borne disease, healthy human nasal swabs, food samples, and healthy human feces were examined by PCR for the presence of classical staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and see), newly identified SE genes (seg, seh and sei), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-related genes. Classical and newly identified SE genes were detected in isolates associated with food-borne disease, and some isolates associated with healthy human nasal swabs, food samples, and healthy human feces were shown to have the possibility of causing food-borne disease. Four isolates (three from healthy human nasal swab and one from healthy human feces) harbored the MRSA gene while three had the possibility of transmitting communityacquired MRSA. These results suggest that appropriate sanitary supervision is necessary to prevent contamination and infection with S. aureus. The PCR methods used in the study were useful for understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.204
Hiroshi Tanaka
{"title":"Integrated Pest Management of Ornamental Trees in Gardens","authors":"Hiroshi Tanaka","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82464907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.229
K. Arikawa, Y. Nishikawa
In the present study, we checked the subsurface layers of Osaka city for microorganisms using PCR and investigated whether genetic diagnosis could be used to estimate the microbial contamination of the ground strata. The 145 soil specimens from 2.05 to 29.35 meters underground were obtained by boring surveys at Minami Izuo park in the west of Osaka city. Microbial DNA was detected by PCR using the primer sets P3MOD/PC5B for eubacteria, NS1/NS2 for fungi, protists, and green algae, and ZL-1675/ZL2548 for E. coli ., which were able to recognize microbial DNA in the soil dose-dependently. Increase in the number of inoculated organisms led to increase in the number of amplicons in the preliminary experiment. The PCR amplicons of protists and bacteria were detected well in the top-level sand stratum, but few signals were produced by these bands, especially protists, in the clay-stratum specimens from increasing depths. However, the NS1/NS2 band reappeared in the deeper sand stratum located at around 22.5 meters underground. Protists seem to be found more abundantly in sand than clay strata because they can move easily in and with groundwater. Only one of the 145 samples showed the positive reaction to the ZL-1675/ZL2548 primer set that suggests the presence of E. coli in the ground stratum. The results indicate that microbial DNA is present in the ground strata of Osaka city; helpful would be an investigation to assess how microbes reach the ground strata and contaminate groundwater.
{"title":"Trial of PCR to Detect Microbial Contamination in Ground Strata Underneath Osaka City","authors":"K. Arikawa, Y. Nishikawa","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.229","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we checked the subsurface layers of Osaka city for microorganisms using PCR and investigated whether genetic diagnosis could be used to estimate the microbial contamination of the ground strata. The 145 soil specimens from 2.05 to 29.35 meters underground were obtained by boring surveys at Minami Izuo park in the west of Osaka city. Microbial DNA was detected by PCR using the primer sets P3MOD/PC5B for eubacteria, NS1/NS2 for fungi, protists, and green algae, and ZL-1675/ZL2548 for E. coli ., which were able to recognize microbial DNA in the soil dose-dependently. Increase in the number of inoculated organisms led to increase in the number of amplicons in the preliminary experiment. The PCR amplicons of protists and bacteria were detected well in the top-level sand stratum, but few signals were produced by these bands, especially protists, in the clay-stratum specimens from increasing depths. However, the NS1/NS2 band reappeared in the deeper sand stratum located at around 22.5 meters underground. Protists seem to be found more abundantly in sand than clay strata because they can move easily in and with groundwater. Only one of the 145 samples showed the positive reaction to the ZL-1675/ZL2548 primer set that suggests the presence of E. coli in the ground stratum. The results indicate that microbial DNA is present in the ground strata of Osaka city; helpful would be an investigation to assess how microbes reach the ground strata and contaminate groundwater.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77958715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.219
H. Kubo
{"title":"大阪市における新型インフルエンザウイルスA（H1N1）の遺伝子検出検査および流行状況―2009年4月～2010年3月","authors":"H. Kubo","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75274476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-30DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.146
Kazuaki Masuyama, S. Kaneco, Akihiro Maegawa, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta
Porous concretes are materials with the same basic components as conventional concretes but designed to have high void ratio and permeability. In the present study, the porous concrete was modified with a visible-lightdriven photocatalyst and applied to the removal of environmental pollutants. The results proved the effectiveness of pollution degradation by porous concrete surface layers that incorporate a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The removal of acetaldehyde and toluene by porous concrete was improved by modification with the visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Methylene blue removal was also accelerated using this method. The present study will contribute to the new application of porous concrete in environmental remediation.
{"title":"Environmental Purification with Porous Concrete of Small Particle Size Modified Using Visible-light-driven Photocatalyst","authors":"Kazuaki Masuyama, S. Kaneco, Akihiro Maegawa, H. Katsumata, Tohru Suzuki, K. Ohta","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.54.146","url":null,"abstract":"Porous concretes are materials with the same basic components as conventional concretes but designed to have high void ratio and permeability. In the present study, the porous concrete was modified with a visible-lightdriven photocatalyst and applied to the removal of environmental pollutants. The results proved the effectiveness of pollution degradation by porous concrete surface layers that incorporate a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The removal of acetaldehyde and toluene by porous concrete was improved by modification with the visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Methylene blue removal was also accelerated using this method. The present study will contribute to the new application of porous concrete in environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75452510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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