Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1177/08927057241251826
Rita de Cássia Mendonça Sales-Contini, João Pedro Costa, Arnaldo MG Pinto, Francisco JG Silva, Isabel M Pinto, Vitor FC Sousa
Laser technology plays an important role in today’s industrial environment. Laser marking is typically used at the end of the production chain to personalize products and make them traceable to the point of sale. One of the challenges of laser marking is the difficulty of creating contrasts whose reflectivity can cause readability problems for electronic decoding devices on production lines, known as scanners. This problem is related to the wrong choice of marking parameters, which results in waste for companies in terms of production stoppages due to rejection, scrap, and customer complaints. Although these problems are common, this process is increasingly used in the industry. Therefore, there is a gap in studies in this field to optimize the marking parameters in many materials, such as PBT (polybutylene terephthalate). The present work was developed in a final assembly line of instrument clusters for motorcycles, where tests were carried out with different types of laser marking parameters, through the implementation of a factorial DoE, with a specific type of laser and material. The laser-marked codes were analyzed in a laboratory using a verifier to assess quality according to ISO/IEC 29158:2020. It was found that the lower the parameter values, the poorer the quality of the codes. The data were statistically processed, and it was possible to identify the marking parameters that ensured the best quality and process performance for DMC and QR codes.
激光技术在当今的工业环境中发挥着重要作用。激光打标通常用于生产链的末端，以实现产品的个性化和销售点的可追溯性。激光打标的挑战之一是难以形成对比度，其反射率会给生产线上的电子解码设备（即扫描仪）带来可读性问题。这个问题与错误选择打标参数有关，这会给公司造成浪费，包括因剔除、报废和客户投诉而导致的停产。虽然这些问题很常见，但这种工艺在行业中的应用却越来越广泛。因此，在这一领域，对许多材料（如 PBT（聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯））的打标参数进行优化的研究尚属空白。目前的工作是在一条摩托车仪表组的总装线上开展的，通过实施 "因式设计"，使用特定类型的激光和材料，对不同类型的激光打标参数进行了测试。根据 ISO/IEC 29158:2020 标准，在实验室使用验证器对激光打标的代码进行分析，以评估质量。结果发现，参数值越低，代码质量越差。对数据进行统计处理后，可以确定哪些打标参数能确保 DMC 和 QR 代码的最佳质量和工艺性能。
{"title":"Quality improvement of Nd: YAG laser marked DMC and QR codes on the surface of PBT/glass fiber composites by DOE methodology","authors":"Rita de Cássia Mendonça Sales-Contini, João Pedro Costa, Arnaldo MG Pinto, Francisco JG Silva, Isabel M Pinto, Vitor FC Sousa","doi":"10.1177/08927057241251826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241251826","url":null,"abstract":"Laser technology plays an important role in today’s industrial environment. Laser marking is typically used at the end of the production chain to personalize products and make them traceable to the point of sale. One of the challenges of laser marking is the difficulty of creating contrasts whose reflectivity can cause readability problems for electronic decoding devices on production lines, known as scanners. This problem is related to the wrong choice of marking parameters, which results in waste for companies in terms of production stoppages due to rejection, scrap, and customer complaints. Although these problems are common, this process is increasingly used in the industry. Therefore, there is a gap in studies in this field to optimize the marking parameters in many materials, such as PBT (polybutylene terephthalate). The present work was developed in a final assembly line of instrument clusters for motorcycles, where tests were carried out with different types of laser marking parameters, through the implementation of a factorial DoE, with a specific type of laser and material. The laser-marked codes were analyzed in a laboratory using a verifier to assess quality according to ISO/IEC 29158:2020. It was found that the lower the parameter values, the poorer the quality of the codes. The data were statistically processed, and it was possible to identify the marking parameters that ensured the best quality and process performance for DMC and QR codes.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1177/08927057241248028
Michael Enyan, Zhang Bing, Jesse Nii Okai Amu-Darko, Eliasu Issaka, Samuel Leumas Otoo, Michael Freduah Agyemang
The soft actuators of smart materials have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique functions and distinctive characteristics. The actuators are composed of smart materials that can demonstrate substantial alterations in their dimensions, shape, or mechanical characteristics when subjected to external stimuli, including but not limited to temperature, light, electricity, or magnetic fields. These aforementioned characteristics render them highly advantageous for various applications, including tissue engineering, prosthetics, surgical robots, drug delivery, and soft robotics. A deeper understanding of the principles of the actuators is crucial for their development and application expansion. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of soft actuators made from smart materials, explaining their underlying concepts, operational mechanisms, material composition, production techniques, and the diverse range of applications across various fields, including tissue engineering, prosthetics, surgical robotics, drug delivery systems, and the emerging field of soft robotics. This review further highlights the current challenges and prospects to address these problems to enable their ability to revolutionize into a variety of different technical fields.
{"title":"Advances in smart materials soft actuators on mechanisms, fabrication, materials, and multifaceted applications: A review","authors":"Michael Enyan, Zhang Bing, Jesse Nii Okai Amu-Darko, Eliasu Issaka, Samuel Leumas Otoo, Michael Freduah Agyemang","doi":"10.1177/08927057241248028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241248028","url":null,"abstract":"The soft actuators of smart materials have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique functions and distinctive characteristics. The actuators are composed of smart materials that can demonstrate substantial alterations in their dimensions, shape, or mechanical characteristics when subjected to external stimuli, including but not limited to temperature, light, electricity, or magnetic fields. These aforementioned characteristics render them highly advantageous for various applications, including tissue engineering, prosthetics, surgical robots, drug delivery, and soft robotics. A deeper understanding of the principles of the actuators is crucial for their development and application expansion. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of soft actuators made from smart materials, explaining their underlying concepts, operational mechanisms, material composition, production techniques, and the diverse range of applications across various fields, including tissue engineering, prosthetics, surgical robotics, drug delivery systems, and the emerging field of soft robotics. This review further highlights the current challenges and prospects to address these problems to enable their ability to revolutionize into a variety of different technical fields.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigated the optimization of CNC milling parameters on hardness and surface roughness properties resulting from variations in speed (220, 470, and 720 rpm), feed rate (200, 300, and 400 mm/min), and depth of cut (3, 5, and 7 mm) based on experimental design. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and relation of milling parameters using different end mill diameters (8 and 12 mm) for machining wood-plastic composites (WPCs). All of the experimental runs were determined by the Box-Behnken design and optimized using the response surface methodology. The findings from this study revealed that the main milling parameters significantly affected the hardness, average roughness ( Ra), and mean peak-to-valley height ( Rz) of the WPCs. Increasing the speed in a range from 220 to 720 rpm resulted in higher hardness values. On the other hand, the Ra and Rz was decreased. Additionally, this experimental result is different from the morphological structure and surface observation. It was seen that the CNC milling conditions using high speed at 720 rpm displayed smooth surfaces, which resulted in visible evenness on the WPC surfaces. Finally, numerical optimization is a good technique for the experimental results and the predicted values. The predicted conditions for the CNC milling process using end mill diameters of 8 and 12 mm included a speed of 720 rpm, a feed rate of 300 mm/min, and a depth of cut of 3 mm with the best desirability of 0.973 (97.30%). These conditions were verified in the response models and confirmed the optimal values from observed values for the variables included in the models. Also, these optimal conditions for the CNC milling parameters can be used on other types of WPCs with melting points of plastic higher than 180°C.
{"title":"Machinability of wood-plastic composites from the CNC milling process using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology for building applications","authors":"Chatree Homkhiew, Watthanaphon Cheewawuttipong, Chainarong Srivabut, Worapong Boonchouytan, Surasit Rawangwong","doi":"10.1177/08927057241248036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241248036","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the optimization of CNC milling parameters on hardness and surface roughness properties resulting from variations in speed (220, 470, and 720 rpm), feed rate (200, 300, and 400 mm/min), and depth of cut (3, 5, and 7 mm) based on experimental design. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and relation of milling parameters using different end mill diameters (8 and 12 mm) for machining wood-plastic composites (WPCs). All of the experimental runs were determined by the Box-Behnken design and optimized using the response surface methodology. The findings from this study revealed that the main milling parameters significantly affected the hardness, average roughness ( Ra), and mean peak-to-valley height ( Rz) of the WPCs. Increasing the speed in a range from 220 to 720 rpm resulted in higher hardness values. On the other hand, the Ra and Rz was decreased. Additionally, this experimental result is different from the morphological structure and surface observation. It was seen that the CNC milling conditions using high speed at 720 rpm displayed smooth surfaces, which resulted in visible evenness on the WPC surfaces. Finally, numerical optimization is a good technique for the experimental results and the predicted values. The predicted conditions for the CNC milling process using end mill diameters of 8 and 12 mm included a speed of 720 rpm, a feed rate of 300 mm/min, and a depth of cut of 3 mm with the best desirability of 0.973 (97.30%). These conditions were verified in the response models and confirmed the optimal values from observed values for the variables included in the models. Also, these optimal conditions for the CNC milling parameters can be used on other types of WPCs with melting points of plastic higher than 180°C.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1177/08927057241248040
Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Christian Junior Okoro, Samson Oluwagbenga Adelani, Newton Itua Agbeboh, Olakunle Timothy Betiku
Interest in green environment and sustainable materials in agreement with government regulations have been the motivating force for researchers and various industries globally in recent times. This current need for novel materials along with ever-increasing environmental apprehensions has prompted global researchers to intensify their activities in repurposing waste plastics. Waste plastics in many parts of the world, present a substantial menace to the environment on a global scale underscoring the necessity of this review to spotlight methods for safely and economically managing and converting these materials into valuable end products. The review paper reveals the accessibility and vast potential of a class of materials that was previously deemed as waste but now finding beneficial applications. Hence, diverse sectors where products from waste plastic-based materials are applicable such as construction, electronics, agriculture, automotive, household goods, sports gear, and fossil fuel were considered. Thus, the review reveals waste plastics as readily accessible raw materials for various applications, thereby, aiding in environmental pollution mitigation efforts and value addition to waste plastics.
{"title":"Current application of recycled waste plastics as a sustainable materials: A review on availability, processing and application","authors":"Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Christian Junior Okoro, Samson Oluwagbenga Adelani, Newton Itua Agbeboh, Olakunle Timothy Betiku","doi":"10.1177/08927057241248040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241248040","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in green environment and sustainable materials in agreement with government regulations have been the motivating force for researchers and various industries globally in recent times. This current need for novel materials along with ever-increasing environmental apprehensions has prompted global researchers to intensify their activities in repurposing waste plastics. Waste plastics in many parts of the world, present a substantial menace to the environment on a global scale underscoring the necessity of this review to spotlight methods for safely and economically managing and converting these materials into valuable end products. The review paper reveals the accessibility and vast potential of a class of materials that was previously deemed as waste but now finding beneficial applications. Hence, diverse sectors where products from waste plastic-based materials are applicable such as construction, electronics, agriculture, automotive, household goods, sports gear, and fossil fuel were considered. Thus, the review reveals waste plastics as readily accessible raw materials for various applications, thereby, aiding in environmental pollution mitigation efforts and value addition to waste plastics.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1177/08927057241248035
Michelina Catauro, Marialuigia Raimondo, Luigi Vertuccio, Liberata Guadagno, Antonio D’Angelo
Silica-based hybrid blends at different molecular or nanometer scale have gained a lot of interests from the technological point of view. In particular, several inorganic-organic hybrids find application in the biomedical field. In this context, inorganic SiO2 and hybrids made up of SiO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been synthesised via the sol-gel route and characterised from the morphological (throught the Atomic Force Microscopy - AFM) and spectroscopic point of view to shed light on their features as possible hybrid biomaterials. AFM investigation allowed for an effective quantitative evaluation of surface roughness of bioactive sol-gel-based materials. The results revealed an increase in material porosity as a function of the PEG amount in the systems, thus highlighting the pivotal role of the PEG amount as compatibilizing on the morphological features of silica-based blends. The co-presence of both the inorganic and organic phases was confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the influence of PEG was also investigated by analysing the deconvoluted FT-IR spectra in the range of 1600-750 cm−1.
{"title":"The pivotal role of the polyethylene glycol amount as compatibilizing on the morphological features of silica-based blends","authors":"Michelina Catauro, Marialuigia Raimondo, Luigi Vertuccio, Liberata Guadagno, Antonio D’Angelo","doi":"10.1177/08927057241248035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241248035","url":null,"abstract":"Silica-based hybrid blends at different molecular or nanometer scale have gained a lot of interests from the technological point of view. In particular, several inorganic-organic hybrids find application in the biomedical field. In this context, inorganic SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and hybrids made up of SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been synthesised via the sol-gel route and characterised from the morphological (throught the Atomic Force Microscopy - AFM) and spectroscopic point of view to shed light on their features as possible hybrid biomaterials. AFM investigation allowed for an effective quantitative evaluation of surface roughness of bioactive sol-gel-based materials. The results revealed an increase in material porosity as a function of the PEG amount in the systems, thus highlighting the pivotal role of the PEG amount as compatibilizing on the morphological features of silica-based blends. The co-presence of both the inorganic and organic phases was confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the influence of PEG was also investigated by analysing the deconvoluted FT-IR spectra in the range of 1600-750 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1177/08927057241248045
Sandra Esmeralda González-Aguilar, Jorge Ramón Robledo-Ortíz, Martín Arellano, Alan Salvador Martín del Campo, Denis Rodrigue, Aida Alejandra Pérez-Fonseca
Biobased polymers have emerged as a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers in terms of lower environmental impact. However, to improve their carbon footprint, it is important to study strategies, such as recycling, extending the useful life of these biopolymers, and mitigate their higher costs compared to petroleum-based polymers. Adding agro-industrial wastes as fillers or reinforcements is another option to reduce the cost and increase the biobased content to produce composites. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of agave fibers to biobased linear low-density polyethylene (bio-LLDPE) and their effect on its reprocessing by extrusion, i.e., close-loop mechanical recycling. The results revealed that it was possible to reprocess the bio-LLDPE alone as limited changes in their physical properties were observed up to 34 cycles. However, for the composites, the viscosity changed in the first eight cycles mainly due to fiber break-up (lower aspect ratio). The dimensions of the agave fibers are modified by reprocessing. In the initial 8 cycles, there is a notable decrease in fiber dimensions, affecting the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The water uptake was found to decrease with each cycle due to better fiber dispersion and the reduction of interfacial voids/defects. Nevertheless, the color of the bio-LLDPE and its composites showed significant changes by reprocessing, which is associated with thermal and oxidation degradation. Despite minor property losses, the study reveals that bio-LLDPE/agave fiber composites exhibit a commendable level of sustainability. This characteristic enables their extended reuse and reprocessing over a prolonged duration.
{"title":"Mechanical recycling of biobased polyethylene-agave fiber composites","authors":"Sandra Esmeralda González-Aguilar, Jorge Ramón Robledo-Ortíz, Martín Arellano, Alan Salvador Martín del Campo, Denis Rodrigue, Aida Alejandra Pérez-Fonseca","doi":"10.1177/08927057241248045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241248045","url":null,"abstract":"Biobased polymers have emerged as a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers in terms of lower environmental impact. However, to improve their carbon footprint, it is important to study strategies, such as recycling, extending the useful life of these biopolymers, and mitigate their higher costs compared to petroleum-based polymers. Adding agro-industrial wastes as fillers or reinforcements is another option to reduce the cost and increase the biobased content to produce composites. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of agave fibers to biobased linear low-density polyethylene (bio-LLDPE) and their effect on its reprocessing by extrusion, i.e., close-loop mechanical recycling. The results revealed that it was possible to reprocess the bio-LLDPE alone as limited changes in their physical properties were observed up to 34 cycles. However, for the composites, the viscosity changed in the first eight cycles mainly due to fiber break-up (lower aspect ratio). The dimensions of the agave fibers are modified by reprocessing. In the initial 8 cycles, there is a notable decrease in fiber dimensions, affecting the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The water uptake was found to decrease with each cycle due to better fiber dispersion and the reduction of interfacial voids/defects. Nevertheless, the color of the bio-LLDPE and its composites showed significant changes by reprocessing, which is associated with thermal and oxidation degradation. Despite minor property losses, the study reveals that bio-LLDPE/agave fiber composites exhibit a commendable level of sustainability. This characteristic enables their extended reuse and reprocessing over a prolonged duration.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/08927057241245709
Lei Xu, Yu Chen, Xiang Zheng, Xuzhao Hu
In the present research, the PP/EPDM/TiO2 nanocomposite was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication process to improve the mechanical properties of the obtained samples. For this purpose, first the response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of TiO2 content, nozzle temperature and printing speed on the responses of tensile strength and elongation. Then, the desirability function method was applied to find the optimal condition of the process parameters. The fracture surface of the tensile samples was also studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to find a relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated samples. The results indicated that the highest elongation of samples (144.9%) was attained at a TiO2 content of 4 wt%, while the tensile strength of samples was maximized (24.6 MPa) at a TiO2 content of 2 wt% due to fine dispersion of the nanoparticles. An increase in the nozzle temperature from 200 to 225°C led to an enhancement in the tensile strength (11.2%) and elongation (15.7%) of samples because of the good viscosity of the filament, whereas the tensile strength (6.6%) and elongation (11.1%) of samples were decreased with the increase of nozzle temperature from 225 to 250°C because of the thermal degradation of filament. Moreover, when the printing speed raised from 20 to 40 mm/s, the tensile strength initially improved by 2.7% and then decreased by 1.2%, but the elongation continuously decreased by 6.3%. Nevertheless, the concurrent enhancement of the tensile strength and elongation has been obtained at a TiO2 content of 2.5 wt%, nozzle temperature of 227°C and printing speed of 28 mm/s.
{"title":"An improvement in the mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/titanium dioxide nanocomposite obtained by fused filament fabrication","authors":"Lei Xu, Yu Chen, Xiang Zheng, Xuzhao Hu","doi":"10.1177/08927057241245709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241245709","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research, the PP/EPDM/TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanocomposite was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication process to improve the mechanical properties of the obtained samples. For this purpose, first the response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content, nozzle temperature and printing speed on the responses of tensile strength and elongation. Then, the desirability function method was applied to find the optimal condition of the process parameters. The fracture surface of the tensile samples was also studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to find a relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated samples. The results indicated that the highest elongation of samples (144.9%) was attained at a TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content of 4 wt%, while the tensile strength of samples was maximized (24.6 MPa) at a TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content of 2 wt% due to fine dispersion of the nanoparticles. An increase in the nozzle temperature from 200 to 225°C led to an enhancement in the tensile strength (11.2%) and elongation (15.7%) of samples because of the good viscosity of the filament, whereas the tensile strength (6.6%) and elongation (11.1%) of samples were decreased with the increase of nozzle temperature from 225 to 250°C because of the thermal degradation of filament. Moreover, when the printing speed raised from 20 to 40 mm/s, the tensile strength initially improved by 2.7% and then decreased by 1.2%, but the elongation continuously decreased by 6.3%. Nevertheless, the concurrent enhancement of the tensile strength and elongation has been obtained at a TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content of 2.5 wt%, nozzle temperature of 227°C and printing speed of 28 mm/s.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1177/08927057241244693
Zhiyong Qin, Meiyi Zou, Kehao Fan, Yunlong Lu
In order to alleviate plastic pollution and to substitute specific conventional polymer packaging, this research deployed biodegradable soy protein isolate (SPI) as a basis to create natural polymer composite films, integrating walnut peel extract (WPE) and carvacrol (CV) for their inherent antibacterial properties. The inhibition rates of the SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film on E.coli and S.aureus were 99.66% and 99.52%, the DPPH radical was 73.3% and ABTS radical was 95.5%. The SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film also exhibited excellent UV-visible barrier properties. Compared with the pure SPI film, the tensile strength of the SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film increased by 89.00%, the water solubility increased by 2.67%, and the water vapor permeability was reduced by 7.69%, While the water contact angle increased by 155.93%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy studies possibly indicate that the polyphenol-proteins in the SPI/WPE/CV composite film are bound together by hydrogen bonding. X-ray Diffraction study demonstrated that the crystallinity of the SWC films increased. Scanning Electron Microscope results revealed the surface level and internal molecular structure of the SWC films. Thermal weight analysis showed that after adding WPE and CV, the thermal properties of the SWC films improved. This study explored release of the film and found that the composite film can continuously release polyphenols, which play an antibacterial and antioxidant role.
{"title":"Characterization and antibacterial of soybean protein isolate composite film with carvacrol and walnut peel extract","authors":"Zhiyong Qin, Meiyi Zou, Kehao Fan, Yunlong Lu","doi":"10.1177/08927057241244693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241244693","url":null,"abstract":"In order to alleviate plastic pollution and to substitute specific conventional polymer packaging, this research deployed biodegradable soy protein isolate (SPI) as a basis to create natural polymer composite films, integrating walnut peel extract (WPE) and carvacrol (CV) for their inherent antibacterial properties. The inhibition rates of the SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film on E.coli and S.aureus were 99.66% and 99.52%, the DPPH radical was 73.3% and ABTS radical was 95.5%. The SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film also exhibited excellent UV-visible barrier properties. Compared with the pure SPI film, the tensile strength of the SPI/WPE5%/CV5% composite film increased by 89.00%, the water solubility increased by 2.67%, and the water vapor permeability was reduced by 7.69%, While the water contact angle increased by 155.93%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy studies possibly indicate that the polyphenol-proteins in the SPI/WPE/CV composite film are bound together by hydrogen bonding. X-ray Diffraction study demonstrated that the crystallinity of the SWC films increased. Scanning Electron Microscope results revealed the surface level and internal molecular structure of the SWC films. Thermal weight analysis showed that after adding WPE and CV, the thermal properties of the SWC films improved. This study explored release of the film and found that the composite film can continuously release polyphenols, which play an antibacterial and antioxidant role.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/08927057241244708
Amir A Abdelsalam, Murat Demiral, Mohamed M Selim, Salwa H El-Sabbagh
In the present work, the effects of various filler types and content on the characteristics and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were studied. This study prepared SBR filled with different fillers: kaolin, metakaolinite, synthetic zeolite Na-A, alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles, and hybrid filler (synthetic zeolite Na-A/Al2O3). The silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was employed to treat the surface with fillers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the surface morphology. The results demonstrated that fillers improved the physicomechanical properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break (%) in composites containing synthetic zeolite Na-A increased by up to 158.6% at 3 phr and 100% at 2 phr, respectively. The results showed that the surface properties displayed by SEM analysis indicated a good distribution of filler particles. Also, the rubber compound’s resistance to organic solvents such as toluene was improved, as evidenced by swelling properties; the swelling ratio decreased by 17.5% while the crosslink density increased by 42.6% at 5 phr Al2O3/synthetic zeolite Na-A. The constants of the various hyperelastic models that explain the behavior of the composite materials under study were determined, and their predictions of the experimentally obtained stress-strain curves were compared. The study’s experimental findings will be helpful for several industrial uses, including an extender in water-based paints, rubber fillers, ceramic materials, paper fillers, and coating pigments.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/08927057241244697
Abderrahmane Belhaoues, Samia Benmesli
This interesting study investigated the effect of Maleic Anhydride-grafted-Polypropylene/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (PP-g-MA/ENR) as a compatibilizing agent (CA) on the properties of a 30/70 Polypropylene/Natural Rubber PP/NR blends. The effect of dynamic vulcanization with sulfur-donors (i.e.: Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 4,4 Dithiodimorpholine (DTDM)) which were used as vulcanizing agents was also reported. Several formulations of TPVs with different concentrations of CA (from 5 to 15 phr) were prepared by mixing in the molten state using a Haake Rheocord 90. The structural analysis of dual compatibilizer was examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The rheological behavior was examined using Haake Rheocord 90. The mechanical properties were determined by the tensile measurements. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties were investigated by DMA. A morphological examination was conducted using SEM Microscopy, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed reactions between the MA group in PP-g-MA and the epoxy groups in ENR, resulting in ENR-grafted PP with an ester and acid-based linkage. The Haake plastograms revealed a proportional increase in the final mixing torque value with the increasing content of CA. The mechanical results exhibited higher values in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus for the TPVs containing CA compared to un-compatibilized ones. The compatibilized TPV blends exhibited a noteworthy increase in storage modulus and a notable decrease in loss tangent values with the CA concentration increased. Furthermore, the TPVs show two distinct-phase morphologies. That is, the TPV with CA showed the presence of smaller vulcanized rubber particles dispersed within the PP matrix, a phenomenon that becomes more pronounced with higher CA contents.
这项有趣的研究调查了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/环氧天然橡胶（PP-g-MA/ENR）作为相容剂（CA）对 30/70 聚丙烯/天然橡胶 PP/NR 混合物性能的影响。此外，还报告了使用硫代剂（即：二硫化四甲基秋兰姆（TMTD）和 4,4-二硫代二吗啉（DTDM））进行动态硫化的效果。通过使用 Haake Rheocord 90 在熔融状态下进行混合，制备了几种含有不同浓度 CA（从 5 到 15 phr）的热塑性硫化弹性体配方。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱分析了双相容剂的结构。使用 Haake Rheocord 90 对流变行为进行了检测。拉伸测量确定了机械性能。用 DMA 研究了动态机械热性能。分别使用 SEM 显微镜进行了形态检查。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实，PP-g-MA 中的 MA 基团与 ENR 中的环氧基团发生了反应，生成了具有酯基和酸基连接的 ENR 接枝 PP。哈克塑形图显示，随着 CA 含量的增加，最终混合扭矩值也成比例增加。力学结果显示，与未相容的热塑性硫化弹性体相比，含有 CA 的热塑性硫化弹性体的拉伸强度和杨氏模量值更高。随着 CA 浓度的增加，相容热塑性硫化弹性体混合物的储存模量显著增加，损失正切值明显下降。此外，热塑性硫化弹性体呈现出两种不同的相态。也就是说，含有 CA 的热塑性硫化弹性体显示出较小的硫化橡胶颗粒分散在聚丙烯基体中，CA 含量越高，这种现象越明显。
{"title":"The effect of physical compatibilization and dynamic vulcanization on the properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates derived from polypropylene and natural rubber blends","authors":"Abderrahmane Belhaoues, Samia Benmesli","doi":"10.1177/08927057241244697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241244697","url":null,"abstract":"This interesting study investigated the effect of Maleic Anhydride-grafted-Polypropylene/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (PP-g-MA/ENR) as a compatibilizing agent (CA) on the properties of a 30/70 Polypropylene/Natural Rubber PP/NR blends. The effect of dynamic vulcanization with sulfur-donors (i.e.: Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 4,4 Dithiodimorpholine (DTDM)) which were used as vulcanizing agents was also reported. Several formulations of TPVs with different concentrations of CA (from 5 to 15 phr) were prepared by mixing in the molten state using a Haake Rheocord 90. The structural analysis of dual compatibilizer was examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The rheological behavior was examined using Haake Rheocord 90. The mechanical properties were determined by the tensile measurements. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties were investigated by DMA. A morphological examination was conducted using SEM Microscopy, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed reactions between the MA group in PP-g-MA and the epoxy groups in ENR, resulting in ENR-grafted PP with an ester and acid-based linkage. The Haake plastograms revealed a proportional increase in the final mixing torque value with the increasing content of CA. The mechanical results exhibited higher values in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus for the TPVs containing CA compared to un-compatibilized ones. The compatibilized TPV blends exhibited a noteworthy increase in storage modulus and a notable decrease in loss tangent values with the CA concentration increased. Furthermore, the TPVs show two distinct-phase morphologies. That is, the TPV with CA showed the presence of smaller vulcanized rubber particles dispersed within the PP matrix, a phenomenon that becomes more pronounced with higher CA contents.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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